CN111262030A - Method for improving linear polarization compact MIMO antenna array channel capacity - Google Patents
Method for improving linear polarization compact MIMO antenna array channel capacity Download PDFInfo
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- CN111262030A CN111262030A CN202010062328.1A CN202010062328A CN111262030A CN 111262030 A CN111262030 A CN 111262030A CN 202010062328 A CN202010062328 A CN 202010062328A CN 111262030 A CN111262030 A CN 111262030A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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Abstract
A method for improving the degree of freedom and channel capacity of a linearly polarized compact MIMO array is mainly characterized in that rectangular dielectric plates with high dielectric constants are introduced into a space in front of a linearly polarized MIMO antenna array with a relatively close unit interval. The invention can reduce the correlation coefficient among the compact MIMO array units, improve the array freedom degree and the channel capacity and improve the user experience of the wireless AP equipment under certain incoming wave angle expansion. The method has the advantages of simple implementation, low cost, wide practical application range according to different projects and strong expandability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic fields and microwaves, in particular to a method for improving the channel capacity of a linear polarization compact MIMO antenna array.
Background
There are many high-capacity scenes in the 5G era of mobile communication, such as city center hot spot areas, dense high-rise building areas, stadiums, large outdoor event sites, and the like. On the basis of the existing mobile broadband service scenario, in order to further improve the performance such as user experience, MIMO becomes a key technology for meeting the high-capacity demand. In practical application, due to the limitation of size, the space between the elements of the MIMO antenna array cannot be made large, and the coupling between the antenna ports affects the performance of the MIMO antenna system to a certain extent. Most of the existing methods adopt a decoupling network added in an antenna array structure, a defected ground structure designed or a frequency selection surface introduced to inhibit the coupling between the antenna ports of the MIMO array. However, the above method is not only complex in design and high in processing cost, but also cannot effectively improve the degree of freedom and channel capacity of the MIMO array by merely increasing the isolation between ports, and the influence of the radiation characteristics of the elements in the antenna array should be comprehensively considered.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing channel capacity of a linear polarization compact MIMO antenna array, which increases resolution of a multi-antenna system for incoming waves in different directions, reduces correlation coefficients between antenna ports under a certain angular expansion, and increases degree of freedom and channel capacity of the MIMO antenna array.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for improving the channel capacity of a linear polarization compact MIMO antenna array is disclosed, wherein the MIMO antenna array structure is 1 x n and is composed of rectangular back-fed microstrip antenna units with the electric field polarization direction perpendicular to the array arrangement direction, and is characterized in that a dielectric plate 20 is arranged between the adjacent rectangular back-fed microstrip antenna units, so that the correlation coefficient between antenna ports is reduced by influencing the radiation characteristic of the units, and the degree of freedom and the channel capacity of a multi-antenna system are improved.
The dielectric plate 20 is fixed on the inner wall of the antenna housing or the machine frame.
The MIMO antenna array 10 is composed of four rectangular back-fed single-polarized microstrip antenna units, the array structure is 1 × 4(1 row and 4 columns), and the polarization direction of the antenna units is perpendicular to the array arrangement direction.
The cell center spacing is 0.3 wavelength (free space wavelength), the spacing being less than half wavelength.
The polarization directions of the elements of the MIMO antenna array 10 are parallel to the dielectric plate 20.
The operating frequency of the MIMO antenna array 10 is 2.4 GHz.
The dielectric constant of the dielectric plate 20 is 4.7, the thickness is 5mm, the length is 90mm, the width is 80mm, and the dielectric plate 20 is loaded in the middle of the interval of the antenna units and 4mm above the outer sides of the units on two sides respectively.
The method is mainly effective for H-plane coupled compact antenna arrays (i.e. 1 x n (1 row and n columns) structures with the polarization direction of the electric field of the antenna unit perpendicular to the array arrangement direction).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, only the dielectric plate needs to be added in the radiation direction of the linear polarization compact MIMO antenna array, so that under the conditions of small antenna unit distance and serious coupling among units, the correlation coefficient among antenna ports can be reduced by influencing the radiation characteristic of the units, and the degree of freedom and the channel capacity of the multi-antenna system are improved. The adopted method does not need to change the structure of the MIMO antenna array, the introduced dielectric plate does not need to carry out complex design, and the whole scheme is easy to realize. Meanwhile, the dielectric plate can be selectively fixed on the inner wall of the antenna housing or the machine frame, and the space of the whole machine is fully utilized. In addition, the number of the dielectric plates can be adapted according to the number of the MIMO antenna array units, and the method has good expansibility.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a linearly polarized compact MIMO antenna array loaded dielectric plate.
Figure 2 is a side view of a linearly polarized compact MIMO antenna array loading dielectric slab.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a linearly polarized compact MIMO antenna array loading dielectric slab.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a loading dielectric slab structure of a linearly polarized compact MIMO antenna array.
Fig. 5 is a top view of a MIMO antenna array performance simulation method.
Fig. 6 is a side view of a MIMO antenna array performance simulation method.
Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating a simulation result of correlation coefficients of ports of MIMO antenna array units.
Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a simulation result of correlation coefficients of MIMO antenna array unit ports.
Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating the simulation results of the degrees of freedom of the MIMO antenna array.
Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating simulation results of channel capacity of a MIMO antenna array.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of polarization of dielectric plate and MIMO antenna array
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The dielectric plate 20 and its loading in the linear polarization MIMO compact antenna array 10 are used as follows: as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, and fig. 4, the MIMO antenna array 10 is formed by four rectangular backfeed microstrip antenna elements, which are respectively numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4. The array operating frequency was 2.4GHz and the cell center spacing was 0.3 wavelength (free space wavelength). Five dielectric plates 20 having a dielectric constant of 4.7, a thickness of 5mm, a length of 90mm and a width of 80mm were loaded at the upper 4mm in the middle of the interval between the antenna elements and outside the elements on both sides, respectively.
For a compactly arranged array 10 with a pitch less than half a wavelength (free space wavelength), a plurality of high dielectric constant rectangular dielectric plates 20 are arranged in the form of fig. 4 above the cell spacing thereof, with the polarization direction of the MIMO array cells parallel to the dielectric plates.
The polarization directions of the elements of the MIMO antenna array 10 are parallel to the dielectric plate 20, as shown in fig. 11.
The invention adopts a medium plate loaded rectangular back feed microstrip antenna MIMO array. For MIMO antenna arrays of other forms, the loading mode of the dielectric plate is similar to that of the rectangular back-fed microstrip antenna MIMO array, and needs to satisfy:
1) each dielectric plate is loaded over the MIMO array antenna element spacing in a manner similar to that of fig. 1. Fig. 11 shows the relationship between the arrangement of the dielectric plates and the polarization of the MIMO antenna array.
2) The interval between the dielectric plate and the MIMO array, the dielectric constant and the thickness of the dielectric plate are determined by simulation, and the results of lower port correlation coefficient, higher degree of freedom and higher channel capacity are selected.
3) The height of the dielectric plate in the cross section direction of the array antenna can be adjusted according to the distance between the antenna cover and the array antenna in actual engineering, and the requirements in 2) that one end of the dielectric plate is in contact with the antenna cover and the other end of the dielectric plate is in contact with the array distance are met.
The proposed method aims at increasing the channel capacity of the MIMO array.
The principle of increasing the channel capacity is as follows: by loading the dielectric plate in front of the compact MIMO array in the form described in FIG. 4, the change speed of the near-field phase of the array along the arrangement direction of the elements can be accelerated, and the array can obtain a lower correlation coefficient between the elements in a certain angle expansion range, so that higher degree of freedom and channel capacity can be obtained.
There is a distance between the rectangular dielectric plate and the MIMO antenna array 10 structure, but the size of the distance, the length (cross-sectional length), width, height, dielectric constant and number of the dielectric plate 20 can be selected according to the actual engineering situation. According to simulation experiments, the dielectric plate is longer (long in section), thicker or higher in dielectric constant to a certain extent, and the degree of freedom and channel capacity of the compact MIMO antenna array are improved more obviously.
The proposed simulation method for the structural performance of the dielectric slab loaded compact MIMO antenna array 10 is as follows:
fig. 5 is a top view of a four-element rectangular microstrip MIMO array loaded with a dielectric plate, wherein a sector area formed by two dotted lines defines a possible incoming wave direction in the horizontal direction. Fig. 6 is a left side view of a four-element rectangular microstrip MIMO array loaded with a dielectric slab, wherein a sector area formed by two dotted lines defines a possible incoming wave direction in the pitch direction. The purpose of the whole simulation process is to evaluate the resolution of the MIMO array on incoming waves in a certain solid angle range, and calculate the correlation coefficient, the degree of freedom and the channel capacity of the MIMO array under the action of the incoming waves. The range of the solid angle needs to be specified according to the application scenario of the MIMO antenna, taking the horizontal angle as an example: if a base station MIMO antenna array is to be evaluated, the angle of the sector area generally defined by the dashed line in fig. 5 is 120 °; if a terminal MIMO antenna such as a router is to be evaluated, and its performance for omnidirectional incoming wave action needs to be examined, the angle of the sector area formed by the dotted line in fig. 5 may be set to 180 °. For the proposed structure of the medium plate loaded MIMO array, in order to highlight the advantages of the invention, the angle of the sector area formed by the two dotted lines in fig. 6 is set to be 10 °, the angle change range of the sector area formed by the two dotted lines in fig. 5 is 0 ° to 90 °, the step length is 10 °, and the performance of the proposed structure under the action of incoming waves in different solid angle ranges is examined.
For the evaluation of the performance of the MIMO array, three parameters of a correlation coefficient, a degree of freedom and a channel capacity need to be simulated. After determining a solid angle of an area where an incoming wave is located, randomly generating a plurality of groups of incoming waves in the limited solid angle area, and recording a voltage vector received by the ith port in the MIMO array as
The correlation coefficient p between port i and port jijI.e. two voltage vectors
And
the correlation coefficient of (2). Meanwhile, for an N-port MIMO array, the correlation coefficient matrix [ rho [ ]ij]Is called degree of freedom. In addition, the channel capacity of the MIMO system can be calculated by shannon's formula. The MIMO array with good performance has lower correlation coefficient between ports, higher degree of freedom and higher channel capacity. Through simulation, the performance of the proposed medium plate loaded MIMO array is compared with the performance of the MIMO array with the same structure without loading the medium plate, so that the advantages of the invention are highlighted.
Fig. 7 illustrates the relationship between the correlation coefficients of the 1-element port and the 2-element port as a function of the angle spread of incoming waves, the horizontal axis represents the angle spread of incoming waves in the horizontal direction, the unit is degree, the vertical axis represents the absolute values of the correlation coefficients of the 1-element port and the 2-element port, and the solid line and the dotted line respectively illustrate the experimental results of the MIMO array without the dielectric plate and the structure proposed by the present invention. It can be seen that the correlation coefficient of the 1 and 2 unit ports is reduced within a certain angle expansion range compared with the MIMO antenna array without dielectric plate loading. Because the structure adopted by simulation has symmetry, the simulation results of the 3 and 4 ports are completely the same as the 1 and 2 ports. Fig. 8 illustrates the variation of the 2 and 3 unit port correlation coefficients with the angle spread of the incoming wave, and the meaning and illustration of the coordinate axes are exactly the same as those in fig. 3. It can be seen that the proposed structure of the loading dielectric plate has a significant effect on the reduction of the correlation coefficient of the elements of the MIMO arrays 2, 3.
Fig. 9 illustrates the relationship between the degree of freedom of the MIMO antenna array and the angle spread of the incoming wave, the horizontal axis represents the angle spread of the incoming wave, the unit is degree, the vertical axis represents the degree of freedom of the antenna array, and the solid line and the dotted line respectively illustrate the experimental results of the MIMO array without the dielectric plate and the structure proposed by the present invention. It can be seen that the proposed structure of the loading medium plate has a significant improvement in the degree of freedom of the array.
Fig. 10 illustrates simulation results of MIMO antenna channel capacity, where the horizontal axis represents incoming wave angle spread in degrees, the vertical axis represents antenna array channel capacity, and represents the number of bits transmitted on time-frequency resources per second per hertz, and the solid line and the dotted line respectively illustrate experimental results of the MIMO array without the dielectric plate and the structure proposed in the present invention. Compared with a compact MIMO array without a dielectric plate, the structure provided by the invention has larger improvement on the channel capacity of the MIMO array, and embodies the advantages of the structure.
Claims (7)
1. A method for improving the channel capacity of a linear polarization compact MIMO antenna array is characterized in that the MIMO antenna array is 1 x n and consists of n rectangular back-fed microstrip antenna units, the electric field polarization direction of which is vertical to the array arrangement direction, and a dielectric plate 20 is arranged between the adjacent rectangular back-fed microstrip antenna units, so that the correlation coefficient between antenna ports is reduced by influencing the radiation characteristic of the units, and the degree of freedom and the channel capacity of a multi-antenna system are improved.
2. The method for improving channel capacity of a linearly polarized compact MIMO antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric plate (20) is optionally fixed on an inner wall of a radome or a frame.
3. The method for improving the channel capacity of the linearly polarized compact MIMO antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the MIMO antenna array (10) is composed of four rectangular backfeed microstrip antenna elements, the array structure is 1 × 4, and the polarization direction of the antenna elements is perpendicular to the array arrangement direction.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the cell centers are spaced 0.3 wavelengths apart (free space wavelength) and the spacing is less than half a wavelength apart.
5. The method for improving the channel capacity of the linearly polarized compact MIMO antenna array of claim 1, wherein the polarization directions of the elements of the MIMO antenna array (10) are parallel to the dielectric plate (20), as shown in fig. 11.
6. A method for increasing the channel capacity of a linearly polarized compact MIMO antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the operating frequency of the MIMO antenna array (10) is 2.4 GHz.
7. The method for improving the channel capacity of the linearly polarized compact MIMO antenna array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dielectric plate (20) has a dielectric constant of 4.7, a thickness of 5mm, a length of 90mm and a width of 80mm, and the dielectric plate (20) is loaded in the middle of the antenna element interval and 4mm above the outer sides of the two side elements.
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Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121054U (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-01-18 | 庄昆杰 | Eight-channel high isolation dual polarization intelligent array antenna |
| CN103647138A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-03-19 | 广州杰赛科技股份有限公司 | Broadband dual-polarized antenna |
| US20160308283A1 (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2016-10-20 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Antenna array |
| CN106257746A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of all solid state plasma upside-down mounting S PIN antenna of reconstruct able to programme |
| CN109149128A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-04 | 武汉虹信通信技术有限责任公司 | A kind of 5G large scale array antenna |
| CN110311229A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-08 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Antenna and its reflecting plate |
-
2020
- 2020-01-20 CN CN202010062328.1A patent/CN111262030A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN202121054U (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-01-18 | 庄昆杰 | Eight-channel high isolation dual polarization intelligent array antenna |
| CN103647138A (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2014-03-19 | 广州杰赛科技股份有限公司 | Broadband dual-polarized antenna |
| US20160308283A1 (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2016-10-20 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Antenna array |
| CN106257746A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-12-28 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of all solid state plasma upside-down mounting S PIN antenna of reconstruct able to programme |
| CN109149128A (en) * | 2018-09-05 | 2019-01-04 | 武汉虹信通信技术有限责任公司 | A kind of 5G large scale array antenna |
| CN110311229A (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2019-10-08 | 京信通信技术(广州)有限公司 | Antenna and its reflecting plate |
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Application publication date: 20200609 |