CN111258282A - Chemical plant accident handling guidance and escape route indicating system and method - Google Patents
Chemical plant accident handling guidance and escape route indicating system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of safety monitoring of chemical plants, in particular to an indicating system and method for accident disposal guidance and escape routes of a chemical plant. The substantial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention realizes the online supervision of the chemical plant safety through the electronic plan, and has low transplantation and popularization cost; the escape route can be indicated through the route indicating machine, confusion during emergency is avoided, and accident loss is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of safety monitoring of chemical plants, in particular to an accident handling guidance and escape route indicating system and method for a chemical plant.
Background
With the improvement of living standard, people pay more and more attention to the quality of life and environment. With the development of national economy and industry in recent years in China, the promotion effect of the chemical industry on the national economy is more and more obvious. Many industrial industries require the use of raw materials, products or energy supplied by chemical plants. Many of the raw materials, products, and intermediates of chemical plants are toxic, flammable, explosive, or have a significant environmental impact. Once a safety accident occurs in a chemical plant, a great economic loss, even casualties, and a serious environmental burden are caused. Although the emergency plan system is established in the chemical plant at present, in the actual operation process, because workers are unskilled in much knowledge and lack correct operation regulations, safety accidents are frequent sometimes. Because the plan is usually a paper plate, the consulting is inconvenient. And the content of the plan is various, and the training and the mastering are difficult. When accidents happen, the plan is difficult to be effectively executed.
The process Control of a chemical plant basically adopts a form of DCS, which is an english abbreviation (Distributed Control System) of a Distributed Control System, and is also called a Distributed Control System. The main characteristics of DCS are "decentralized control" and "centralized management". DCS generally employs several controllers, i.e., process stations, to control a plurality of control points in a production process, and the controllers are connected via a network and can exchange data. The production control operation adopts a computer operation station, is connected with the controller through a network, collects production data and transmits an operation instruction. The DCS is structurally divided into a process level, an operation level, and a management level. The management level refers to a factory management information system, and monitoring data of the chemical factory can be acquired from the management level of the DCS.
Although the process control of the chemical plant adopts DCS, the automatic and intelligent control is realized, the safety monitoring of the chemical plant still stays on a paper plan, the safety monitoring of the chemical plant is difficult to be competent, and the safety of the chemical plant is ensured or the loss in accidents is reduced.
Although the chinese patent CN104298225B, published 2017, 7, month 4, discloses a causal relationship reasoning model modeling and graphical display method for abnormal conditions in a chemical process, mainly solving the problems of inaccurate root cause judgment and poor graphical display effect of the abnormal conditions in the prior art. The method comprises the steps of collecting real-time data of a control system, establishing an expert rule model closely related to an abnormal working condition judgment process, establishing a fault tree logic reasoning model for abnormal working condition root cause analysis according to a root cause analysis mode of an abnormal working condition, adopting an intelligent calculation method, carrying out feature matching with the established expert rule model and the fault tree analysis model through threshold judgment and feature extraction of key safety technical parameters, and realizing the technical scheme of intelligent monitoring and early warning on the abnormal working condition in the production process and root cause analysis, and can be used for processing the abnormal working condition in the chemical process. However, the expert model under the abnormal condition is established, a large amount of data of the same type and the same abnormality is needed to train the expert model, and long-term data accumulation is needed before the expert model is put into use, so that the chemical plant cannot obtain effective safety guarantee during the data accumulation period. The expert model has a certain accuracy, i.e. put into use, the results may not converge or give erroneous results. And when a new abnormal type appears or a new chemical plant is deployed, data needs to be accumulated again, so that the method is inconvenient to transplant and popularize and is difficult to adapt to the safety guarantee of the chemical plant in which the current process technology is still developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the technical problem that the safety state of a chemical plant is effectively monitored and an accident handling system is guided is lacked at present. Provides a chemical plant accident disposal guidance and escape route indicating system and method which are simple to establish and convenient to transplant.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a system for guiding accident handling and indicating escape routes of a chemical plant comprises a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a memory, an interactive terminal, a plurality of display terminals and a plurality of route indicators, wherein the data acquisition unit is communicated with a DCS of the chemical plant and reads monitoring data of the chemical plant, the interactive terminal is installed in a monitoring duty room of the chemical plant, the display terminals are respectively positioned at working posts of employees of the chemical plant, the route indicators are installed at a passage of the chemical plant, the route indicators comprise a shell, a plurality of route indicator lamps, a communication module, an MCU and a power module, the route indicator lamps are installed on the shell, the communication module, the MCU and the power module are installed in the shell, the route indicator lamps and the communication module are all connected with the MCU, and the power module supplies power to the route indicator lamps, the communication module and the MCU, the data processing unit is in communication connection with the communication module, and the data acquisition unit, the memory, the interactive terminal and the display terminal are all connected with the data processing unit. The data acquisition unit acquires real-time monitoring data of a chemical plant from a DCS of the chemical plant and stores the data, the data processing unit judges whether safety accidents exist in the chemical plant or not by analyzing the real-time monitoring data of the chemical plant, the safety monitoring of the chemical plant is realized, if the safety accidents occur, corresponding disposal modes are displayed for operators on duty and related post personnel, if the personnel need to evacuate, the escape route is indicated through a route indicator along the escape route, and the situation that the personnel evacuate are in a hurry or wrong is avoided.
Preferably, the display terminal comprises a rack, a display screen driver, an indicator and a controller, the rack is installed near the working posts of the workers in the chemical plant, the display screen and the indicator are fixedly installed on the rack, the display screen driver is in communication connection with the data processing unit, the indicator comprises a shell, a plurality of indicator lamps, a battery and a wireless communication module, the indicator lamps, the battery, the wireless communication module and the controller are installed in the shell, the wireless communication module is in communication connection with the data processing unit, the wireless communication module and the indicator lamps are connected with the controller, and the battery supplies power to the wireless communication module, the indicator lamps and the controller. And when a safety accident occurs, the corresponding measures are displayed through the display terminal.
Preferably, the route indicating machine further comprises a temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor and a hazardous gas detector, wherein the temperature sensor, the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor and the hazardous gas detector are all mounted on the shell, the hazardous gas detector detects the concentration of hazardous gas in the area near the route indicating machine, and the temperature sensor, the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor and the hazardous gas detector are all connected with the MCU. The route indicator can acquire the wind speed, the wind direction and the concentration of the dangerous gas along the escape route and provide the wind speed, the wind direction and the concentration of the dangerous gas to the data processing unit. The data processing unit analyzes whether the area near the route indicator is safe or not according to the received data, and further judges whether the related escape route is safe or not.
Preferably, the display terminal further comprises a camera, a voice call device and an alarm, the interaction terminal comprises voice interaction equipment, the camera, the voice call device and the alarm are all installed on the rack, and the camera, the voice call device and the alarm are all connected with the data processing unit. Make the personnel on duty can look over whether the personnel that correspond the post correctly carry out according to the accident handling measure through the camera on the display terminal, in time discover its mistake and formulate the countermeasure, make the personnel on duty can instruct the personnel operation that corresponds the post through intercom, the alarm can remind the personnel that correspond the post to look over display terminal.
Preferably, the indicator lights of the indicator are arranged in two rows, and the number of the indicator lights in each row is the same and the indicator lights in each row correspond to each other in position. The current safety state of the corresponding indicator light and the safety state after T time are respectively indicated, and prospective reference can be provided for escape personnel, so that the escape personnel can master the basic situation development condition, and unnecessary loss is avoided.
A method for indicating chemical plant accident handling guidance and escape routes is suitable for the chemical plant accident handling guidance and escape route indicating system, and comprises the following steps: A) inputting a plurality of electronic plans through an interactive terminal, wherein each electronic plan comprises a plan object, a grade, a grading triggering condition, a grading plan content, an associated variable, an associated triggering condition, deduction time T, a delay associated variable and a release condition, the plan object information comprises an object name, an object type and an object area, the grading triggering condition is a condition which needs to be met by monitoring data when the triggering plan corresponds to the grade, the grading plan content is an accident handling method under the corresponding grade, the release condition is a condition which needs to be met by the monitoring data when the plan is released, the associated variable comprises the temperature of the area where the electronic plan object is located, the type of dangerous gas and the concentration of the dangerous gas, and the associated triggering condition is a condition which needs to be met by the associated variable when the electronic plan is triggered; B) acquiring a GIS model of a chemical plant, establishing a plurality of escape routes for each post, associating an electronic plan with the GIS model of a plan object thereof, associating a route indicator on the escape route and the electronic plan with the escape route, dividing equipment and areas of the electronic plan not associated in the GIS model of the chemical plant into sub-areas, and establishing a cooperation table for each sub-area, wherein the cooperation table comprises cooperation objects, adjacent equipment, adjacent areas, states and state thresholds; C) reading monitoring data of a chemical plant, comparing the monitoring data with the grading triggering conditions of each electronic plan in sequence, triggering the electronic plan and giving an alarm if the monitoring data meets the grading triggering conditions, setting the grade as the grade corresponding to the triggered grading triggering conditions, displaying grading plan contents for monitoring duty room personnel through an interactive terminal, displaying the grading plan contents for chemical plant post staff related to the grading plan contents through a display terminal, and removing the alarm and stopping displaying the grading plan contents if the removing conditions are met; D) updating the state of the cooperation table, and displaying the cooperation table with the state exceeding the state threshold value to an attendant; E) judging whether a plurality of routes indicated by each route indicator are safe or not according to the electronic pre-arranged plan and the cooperation table, setting the indicator lamps corresponding to the safe routes as safe indicators and setting the indicator lamps corresponding to the unsafe routes as unsafe indicators; F) steps C-E are performed periodically. The method has the advantages that the real-time monitoring of the safety state of the chemical plant is realized by periodically reading and analyzing the monitoring data of the chemical plant, the safety accidents of the chemical plant can be found in time, the corresponding electronic plans are displayed, the equipment or the area where the accidents happen can be deduced through the associated variables and the collaborative table, the influence on the surrounding equipment or the area is tracked, the development of the accidents is tracked, reference is provided for the handling of the accidents, and the handling strategy of the accidents is more targeted. And the accident state after T time is deduced through the delay associated variable, so that a prospective reference is provided for the operator on duty to formulate an accident handling strategy.
Preferably, in the step B, the method of dividing the area between the chemical plant equipments and between the equipments and the building into sub-areas includes: B11) importing a GIS model of a chemical plant, and removing pipelines and equipment with the volume smaller than a set threshold; B12) establishing an external cuboid of the equipment; B13) fill the cuboid region between extension cuboid and chemical plant building, make the cuboid region satisfy: a face next to the at least one circumscribed cuboid and having a face completely coincident with a face of smallest area among the faces of the next-to-circumscribed cuboid; B14) the cuboid region filled in the step B13 is regarded as an external cuboid, the step B13 is repeated until the chemical plant is filled with the external cuboid and the cuboid region, and the obtained cuboid region is used as a divided sub-region; B15) setting a side length threshold, and dividing the sub-area with the side length larger than the side length threshold into a plurality of sub-areas to ensure that the side lengths are smaller than the side length threshold. The sub-areas divided by the optimal scheme can enable each device to have 6 adjacent sub-areas at most, namely, the device can cover a chemical plant area, so that excessive sub-areas are not generated, each sub-area corresponds to at least one complete device side face at least, the state of the device side can be completely tracked, and the comprehensive efficiency is high. The interior of the subarea is regarded as the same state everywhere, and the condition that the subarea is too large and inaccurate is avoided by setting the side length threshold.
Preferably, the side length threshold includes a first side length threshold and a second side length threshold, the first side length threshold is a conduction distance of a fire source temperature within T time under a windless condition when a fire occurs in the chemical plant area, the second side length threshold is a distance of a leakage center spreading within T time under a windless condition when gas leakage occurs in the chemical plant area, the first side length threshold and the second side length threshold are respectively used for dividing and respectively storing sub-regions, when a fire occurs in the chemical plant area, the sub-region corresponding to the first side length threshold is used, when a dangerous gas leakage occurs in the chemical plant area, the sub-region corresponding to the second side length threshold is used, and if a fire and a dangerous gas leakage occur simultaneously, the sub-region corresponding to the smaller side length of the first side length threshold and the second side length threshold is selected. When different accident types occur, different side length thresholds are adopted, and the accuracy of accident development simulation can be improved.
Preferably, step C further comprises: C1) updating the associated variable and the postponed associated variable of each electronic scheme according to the monitoring data of the chemical plant, comparing the associated variable with the associated triggering condition, and triggering the electronic scheme if the associated variable meets the associated triggering condition; C2) deducing the state of each collaborative table after T time according to the delay associated variable of the electronic plan, judging the safety of each area of the chemical plant after T time according to the state of the collaborative table after T time and the value of the delay associated variable, and further judging the safety of each escape after T time; C3) each indicator lamp of the display terminal indicates the safety of one escape route, two indicator lamps corresponding to the positions of the two rows of display lamps indicate the safety of the same escape route, the first row of indicator lamps indicate the current safety state of the escape route, and the second row of indicator lamps indicate the safety of the escape route after T time. The method for judging the safety of each escape after the T time comprises the following steps: if the state of the associated variable or the cooperation table exceeds the safety threshold, the corresponding area is judged to be unsafe, otherwise, the area is judged to be safe, if the areas where the escape route passes are all safe, the escape route is judged to be safe, and if the areas where the escape route passes exist unsafe areas, the escape route is judged to be unsafe.
Preferably, in step D, the method for updating the state of the cooperation table includes: D1) updating the state of the collaboration table with the adjacent equipment according to the monitoring data; D2) updating the states of the rest collaborative tables according to the states of the collaborative tables with the updated states; wherein step D1 includes: D11) if the adjacent equipment does not have an accident, maintaining the state information of the subareas; E12) if the fire accident happens to the adjacent equipment, updating the temperature of the sub-area, specifically: if there is no wind, the temperature of the sub-region is updated according to the heat conduction rule, if there is wind, the sub-region is locatedThe upper wind port of the adjacent equipment maintains the temperature of the sub-area, if wind exists and the sub-area is positioned at the lower wind port of the adjacent equipment, the temperature of the sub-area is set as the previous period T of the adjacent equipment1Monitoring temperature of the process; D13) if the adjacent equipment has dangerous gas leakage accidents, updating the dangerous gas concentration and the dangerous gas type of the sub-area, specifically: if there is no wind, then ωA＝δn·ωEWherein ω isAConcentration of hazardous gas, omega, in sub-zonesEThe average value of the concentration of the dangerous gas in a region of a distance l near a leakage source is shown, n represents the period T of the updated time when the gas leakage occurs1Number, deltanRepresents the nth period T1The updated coefficient is obtained by searching a preset table, and n is less than nmaxWhen is deltanIncreases with the increase of n, n is more than or equal to nmaxWhen is deltan1 is ═ 1; if wind exists and the subarea is positioned at the upper wind port of the adjacent equipment, the dangerous gas concentration of the subarea is maintained; if there is wind and the sub-area is located at the downwind mouth of the adjacent device, ωA＝ωE|(n-1). By adopting the scheme, the state information of the sub-region can be updated rapidly, and the influence on timeliness of event follow-up caused by too long calculation time is avoided.
Preferably, in step D2), the method for updating the states of the remaining cooperation tables according to the state of the cooperation table with the updated state includes: D21) enumerating all the adjacent regions of the updated sub-regions, regarding the enumerated sub-regions as the adjacent devices of the adjacent regions, and then executing steps D12-D13; D22) step D21 is repeatedly performed until the status of all sub-regions is updated.
Preferably, in step C1, the method for updating the associated variables of each electronic plan includes: C11) if the electronic plans with the accident types as the fires are triggered, deducing and updating the temperature value of the associated variable of each electronic plan, and deducing T1After a time, the temperature value of the associated variable of each electronic plan is updated, and the temperature value of the associated variable is updated, C12) if the electronic plan with the accident type of dangerous gas leakage is triggered, the dangerous variable of each electronic plan is deduced and updatedGas concentration, derivation T1And after time, the dangerous gas concentration of the associated variable of each electronic scheme is updated, and the dangerous gas concentration of the delay associated variable is updated, wherein the associated variable and the dangerous gas type in the delay associated variable are corresponding leakage types.
Preferably, in step C11), the method for deriving the temperature value of the associated variable of each electronic protocol is: if the plan object of the electronic plan is isolated from the airflow channel of the fire area or the airflow resistance of the airflow channel is greater than a set threshold value, the temperature value of the associated variable of the electronic plan is kept unchanged; if the resistance of the air flow channel between the plan object of the electronic plan and the fire condition area is less than or equal to the set threshold, judging whether the air flow channel area is windless, if the air flow channel area is windless, obtaining the temperature value of the associated variable of the electronic plan according to the air heat conduction rule, if the air flow channel area is windy, judging whether the plan object of the electronic plan is in the air outlet, if the plan object of the electronic plan is in the air outlet, the time t between the occurrence time of the fire condition is less than or equal to Ds/vwIn the interior, obtaining the temperature value of the associated variable of the electronic plan according to the air heat conduction rule, wherein DsIs the distance between the plan object area and the fire area, vwThe time t is more than D from the occurrence of the fire condition according to the wind speeds/vwThe temperature value of the related variable of the electronic plan is Cm，
Cm＝βCt，β∈[0.6，1]
CtThe temperature value of the edge of the fire area is β is an adjustment coefficient, the smaller the distance between the plan object area and the fire area is, or the smaller the resistance of the airflow channel between the plan object area and the fire area is, β takes a larger value, and if the plan object of the electronic plan is at the air inlet, the temperature value of the associated variable of the electronic plan is obtained according to the air heat conduction rule.
Preferably, the method of deriving the concentration of the hazardous gas for the associated variable of each electronic protocol is: if the plan object of the electronic plan is isolated from the airflow channel of the dangerous gas leakage area or the airflow resistance of the airflow channel is greater than a set threshold value, the dangerous gas concentration of the associated variable of the electronic plan is kept unchanged; if the plan object of the electronic plan is located in the area of the dangerous gas leakageThe resistance of the airflow channel is less than or equal to a set threshold value, the airflow channel is divided into eight directions uniformly along the horizontal direction by taking the leakage source as the center, the eight directions are divided into an upper direction and a lower direction along the vertical direction, and the flow proportion delta of the dangerous gas in sixteen directions is judged according to the plant layout, the density of the dangerous gas, the wind direction and the wind speed of a chemical plantr，r∈[1，16]The hazardous gas concentration Q of the associated variable of the electronic protocoly＝δuQ, wherein δuThe plan target area of the electronic plan is shown in the azimuth of the leakage source, and Q is the concentration of the hazardous gas at the leakage source.
Preferably, the flow rate ratio δ of the hazardous gas in sixteen directions is determinedrThe method comprises the following steps: determining the flow ratio in the horizontal direction: selecting a certain airflow channel as a reference channel according to the plant layout of a chemical plant, further determining the resistance ratio of airflow channels in the rest seven horizontal directions relative to the reference channel, if no airflow channel exists in a certain direction, the resistance ratio of the airflow channels is infinite, taking the reciprocal of the resistance ratio in each direction as a weight, if a leakage area is windy, determining the flow proportion of a plurality of downward wind directions according to the weight distribution, wherein the flow proportion of the rest directions is 0, and if the leakage area is windless, determining the flow proportion of eight horizontal directions according to the weight distribution; determining the flow ratio in the vertical direction: if the hazardous gas is heavy gas, the flow rate ratio in the upper direction is 0, the flow rate ratios in the eight directions in the lower direction are equal to the flow rate ratios determined in the horizontal direction, if the hazardous gas density is equal to air, the flow rate ratios in the upper direction and the lower direction are respectively equal to half of the flow rate ratios determined in the horizontal direction, if the hazardous gas density is less than the air density, the flow rate ratio in the lower direction is 0, and the flow rate ratios in the eight directions in the upper direction are equal to the flow rate ratios determined in the horizontal direction.
The substantial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention realizes the online supervision of the safety of the chemical plant through the electronic plan, and the electronic plan can be conveniently formulated according to the existing paper plan and the process data of the chemical plant, and the invention is independent of the DCS system of the chemical plant, has low transplanting and popularizing cost and quick deployment; the escape route can be indicated through the route indicator, so that confusion during emergency is avoided; the development of the situation is tracked through the association variables and the cooperation table, the accident handling is assisted, and prospective reference is provided for the accident handling through the delay association variables, so that the accident handling strategy is better in pertinence, and the accident loss is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system configuration according to an embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a display terminal according to an embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a route indicator according to an embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of an embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a zoning process according to an embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a process for updating the status of the collaboration table according to an embodiment.
Wherein: 100. chemical plant DCS, 200, a display terminal, 201, a display screen, 202, a shell, 203, an indicator light, 204, a camera, 205, a voice call device, 206, a rack, 300, a data acquisition unit, 400, a memory, 500, a data processing unit, 600, a route indicator, 601, a shell, 602, a temperature sensor, 603 and a route indicator light.
Detailed Description
The following provides a more detailed description of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a system for guiding accident disposal and indicating escape routes of a chemical plant is disclosed, as shown in FIG. 1, the embodiment includes a data acquisition unit 300, a data processing unit 500, a memory 400, an interactive terminal, a plurality of display terminals 200 and a plurality of route indicating machines 600, the data acquisition unit 300 communicates with a chemical plant DCS100 and reads monitoring data of the chemical plant, when the chemical plant DCS100 is busy, the frequency of acquiring the monitoring data of the chemical plant can be reduced, the interactive terminal is installed in a monitoring duty room of the chemical plant and is used by a person on duty in the monitoring duty room, when an accident occurs in the chemical plant, a disposal plan corresponding to the accident can be displayed on the interactive terminal and is referred by the person on duty. The plurality of display terminals 200 are respectively located at the work posts of the chemical plant employees, as shown in fig. 2, the display terminals 200 comprise a rack 206, a display screen 201, a driver of the display screen 201, an indicator, a camera 204, a voice communicator 205, an alarm and a controller, the rack 206 is installed near the work posts of the chemical plant employees, the display screen 201 and the indicator are both fixedly installed on the rack 206, the driver of the display screen 201 is in communication connection with the data processing unit 500, the indicator comprises a shell 202, a plurality of indicator lights 203, a battery and a wireless communication module, the indicator lights 203, the battery, the wireless communication module and the controller are all installed in the shell 202, the wireless communication module is in communication connection with the data processing unit 500, the wireless communication module and the indicator lights 203 are both connected with the controller, and the battery supplies power for the wireless communication module, the indicator lights 203 and the controller. The display terminal 200 is used for interacting with the staff at the post and prompting the staff at the corresponding post to perform the operation when the accident occurs. The indicator lights 203 of the indicator are arranged in two rows, and the number of the indicator lights 203 in each row is the same and the positions of the indicator lights correspond. The current safety state of the corresponding indicator light 203 and the safety state after T time are respectively indicated, the interactive terminal comprises voice interaction equipment, the camera 204, the voice call device 205 and the alarm are all installed on the rack 206, and the camera 204, the voice call device 205 and the alarm are all connected with the data processing unit 500. Make the personnel on duty can look over whether the personnel that correspond the post correctly carry out according to the accident handling measure through camera 204 on the display terminal 200, in time discover its mistake and formulate the countermeasure, make the personnel on duty can instruct the personnel operation of corresponding post through intercom, the alarm can remind the personnel of corresponding post to look over display terminal 200.
A plurality of route indicating machines 600 are installed at a channel of a chemical plant, as shown in FIG. 3, the route indicating machines 600 comprise a shell 601, a plurality of route indicating lamps 603, a communication module, an MCU, a temperature sensor 602, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor, a hazardous gas detector and a power module, the route indicating lamps 603 are installed on the shell 601, the communication module, the MCU and the power module are installed in the shell 601, the route indicating lamps 603 and the communication module are connected with the MCU, the power module supplies power for the route indicating lamps 603, the communication module and the MCU, a data processing unit 500 is in communication connection with the communication module, a data acquisition unit 300, a memory 400, an interactive terminal and a display terminal 200 are all connected with the data processing unit 500. Temperature sensor 602, wind speed sensor, wind direction sensor and hazardous gas detector all install on shell 601, and the concentration of hazardous gas in the regional vicinity of hazardous gas detector detection route indicating machine 600, temperature sensor 602, wind speed sensor, wind direction sensor and hazardous gas detector all are connected with MCU. The data acquisition unit 300 acquires and stores real-time monitoring data of a chemical plant from the chemical plant DCS100, the data processing unit 500 judges whether a safety accident exists in the chemical plant by analyzing the real-time monitoring data of the chemical plant, so that the safety monitoring of the chemical plant is realized, if the safety accident occurs, a corresponding disposal mode is displayed to personnel on duty and related post personnel, if the personnel need to evacuate, the escape route is indicated through a route indicator 600 along the escape route, and confusion or wrong routes during personnel evacuation are avoided. The route indicator 600 can collect the wind speed, wind direction and concentration of the hazardous gas along the escape route and provide them to the data processing unit 500. The data processing unit 500 analyzes whether the area near the route indicator 600 is safe according to the received data, and further determines whether the relevant escape route is safe.
A method for indicating a chemical plant accident handling guidance and an escape route, which is suitable for the system for indicating a chemical plant accident handling guidance and an escape route, as shown in fig. 4, and comprises the following steps: A) the method comprises the steps that a plurality of electronic plans are input through an interactive terminal, the electronic plans comprise plan objects, levels, grading triggering conditions, grading plan contents, associated variables, associated triggering conditions, deduction time T, delay associated variables and release conditions, the plan object information comprises object names, object types and object areas, the grading triggering conditions are conditions which need to be met by monitoring data when the triggering plans correspond to the levels, the grading plan contents are accident handling methods under the corresponding levels, the release conditions are conditions which need to be met by the monitoring data when the plans are released, the associated variables comprise temperatures, dangerous gas types and dangerous gas concentrations of areas where the electronic plan objects are located, and the associated triggering conditions are conditions which need to be met by the associated variables when the electronic plans are triggered.
B) The method comprises the steps of obtaining a GIS model of a chemical plant, establishing a plurality of escape routes for each post, associating an electronic plan with the GIS model of a plan object thereof, associating a route indicator 600 on the escape routes and the electronic plan with the escape routes, and dividing equipment and areas which are not associated with the electronic plan in the GIS model of the chemical plant into sub-areas. As shown in fig. 4, the method for dividing the area between chemical plant devices and between the devices and the building into sub-areas includes: B11) importing a GIS model of a chemical plant, and removing pipelines and equipment with the volume smaller than a set threshold; B12) establishing an external cuboid of the equipment; B13) fill the cuboid region between extension cuboid and chemical plant building, make the cuboid region satisfy: a face next to the at least one circumscribed cuboid and having a face completely coincident with a face of smallest area among the faces of the next-to-circumscribed cuboid; B14) the cuboid region filled in the step B13 is regarded as an external cuboid, the step B13 is repeated until the chemical plant is filled with the external cuboid and the cuboid region, and the obtained cuboid region is used as a divided sub-region; B15) setting a side length threshold, and dividing the sub-area with the side length larger than the side length threshold into a plurality of sub-areas to ensure that the side lengths are smaller than the side length threshold. The sub-areas divided by the optimal scheme can enable each device to have 6 adjacent sub-areas at most, namely, the device can cover a chemical plant area, so that excessive sub-areas are not generated, each sub-area corresponds to at least one complete device side face at least, the state of the device side can be completely tracked, and the comprehensive efficiency is high. The interior of the subarea is regarded as the same state everywhere, and the condition that the subarea is too large and inaccurate is avoided by setting the side length threshold.
The side length threshold comprises a first side length threshold and a second side length threshold, the first side length threshold is a conduction distance of a fire source temperature within T time under a windless condition when a fire occurs in a chemical plant area, the second side length threshold is a distance of a leakage center spreading within T time under the windless condition when gas leakage occurs in the chemical plant area, the first side length threshold and the second side length threshold are used respectively for dividing and storing sub-areas, when the fire occurs in the chemical plant area, the sub-area corresponding to the first side length threshold is used, when dangerous gas leakage occurs in the chemical plant area, the sub-area corresponding to the second side length threshold is used, and if the fire occurs and the dangerous gas leakage occurs simultaneously, the sub-area corresponding to the smaller value of the first side length threshold and the second side length threshold is selected. When different accident types occur, different side length thresholds are adopted, and the accuracy of accident development simulation can be improved.
And establishing a cooperation table for each sub-area, wherein the cooperation table comprises cooperation objects, adjacent equipment, adjacent areas, states and state thresholds.
C) Reading the monitoring data of the chemical plant, comparing the monitoring data with the grading triggering conditions of each electronic plan in sequence, triggering the electronic plan and giving an alarm if the monitoring data meets the grading triggering conditions, setting the grade as the grade corresponding to the triggered grading triggering conditions, displaying the grading plan content for monitoring duty room personnel through an interactive terminal, displaying the grading plan content for chemical plant post personnel related to the grading plan content through a display terminal 200, and removing the alarm and stopping the display of the grading plan content if the removing conditions are met. C1) And updating the associated variable and the delay associated variable of each electronic scheme according to the monitoring data of the chemical plant. The method for updating the associated variables of each electronic protocol comprises the following steps: C11) if the electronic plans with the accident types as the fires are triggered, deducing and updating the temperature value of the associated variable of each electronic plan, and deducing T1After time, the temperature value of the associated variable of each electronic plan is updated, the temperature value of the associated variable is updated, C12) if the electronic plan with the accident type of dangerous gas leakage is triggered, the dangerous gas concentration of the associated variable of each electronic plan is deduced and updated, and T is deduced1And after time, the dangerous gas concentration of the associated variable of each electronic scheme is updated, and the dangerous gas concentration of the delay associated variable is updated, wherein the associated variable and the dangerous gas type in the delay associated variable are corresponding leakage types. In step C11), the method for deriving the temperature value of the associated variable of each electronic protocol is: if the plan object of the electronic plan is isolated from the airflow channel of the fire area or the airflow resistance of the airflow channel is largeIf the threshold value is set, the temperature value of the associated variable of the electronic plan is kept unchanged; if the resistance of the air flow channel between the plan object of the electronic plan and the fire condition area is less than or equal to the set threshold, judging whether the air flow channel area is windless, if the air flow channel area is windless, obtaining the temperature value of the associated variable of the electronic plan according to the air heat conduction rule, if the air flow channel area is windy, judging whether the plan object of the electronic plan is in the air outlet, if the plan object of the electronic plan is in the air outlet, the time t between the occurrence time of the fire condition is less than or equal to Ds/vwIn the interior, obtaining the temperature value of the associated variable of the electronic plan according to the air heat conduction rule, wherein DsIs the distance between the plan object area and the fire area, vwThe time t is more than D from the occurrence of the fire condition according to the wind speeds/vwThe temperature value of the related variable of the electronic plan is Cm，
Cm＝βCt，β∈[0.6，1]
CtThe temperature value of the edge of the fire area is β is an adjustment coefficient, the smaller the distance between the plan object area and the fire area is, or the smaller the resistance of the airflow channel between the plan object area and the fire area is, β takes a larger value, and if the plan object of the electronic plan is at the air inlet, the temperature value of the associated variable of the electronic plan is obtained according to the air heat conduction rule.
Comparing the associated variable with the associated triggering condition, and triggering the electronic plan if the associated variable meets the associated triggering condition; C2) deducing the state of each collaborative table after T time according to the delay associated variable of the electronic plan, judging the safety of each area of the chemical plant after T time according to the state of the collaborative table after T time and the value of the delay associated variable, and further judging the safety of each escape after T time; C3) each indicator lamp 203 of the display terminal 200 indicates the safety of one escape route, two indicator lamps 203 corresponding to the positions of two rows of display lamps indicate the safety of the same escape route, the first row of indicator lamps 203 indicates the current safety state of the escape route, and the second row of indicator lamps 203 indicates the safety of the escape route after T time. The method for judging the safety of each escape after the T time comprises the following steps: if the state of the associated variable or the cooperation table exceeds the safety threshold, the corresponding area is judged to be unsafe, otherwise, the area is judged to be safe, if the areas where the escape route passes are all safe, the escape route is judged to be safe, and if the areas where the escape route passes exist unsafe areas, the escape route is judged to be unsafe.
D) And updating the state of the cooperation table, and displaying the cooperation table with the state exceeding the state threshold value to an attendant. As shown in fig. 6, the method for updating the state of the cooperation table includes: D1) updating the state of the collaboration table with the adjacent equipment according to the monitoring data; D2) updating the states of the rest collaborative tables according to the states of the collaborative tables with the updated states; wherein step D1 includes: D11) if the adjacent equipment does not have an accident, maintaining the state information of the subareas; E12) if the fire accident happens to the adjacent equipment, updating the temperature of the sub-area, specifically: if no wind exists, the temperature of the sub-area is updated according to the heat conduction rule, if wind exists and the sub-area is positioned at the upper wind port of the adjacent equipment, the temperature of the sub-area is maintained, and if wind exists and the sub-area is positioned at the lower wind port of the adjacent equipment, the temperature of the sub-area is set as the temperature of the adjacent equipment in the last period T1Monitoring temperature of the process; D13) if the adjacent equipment has dangerous gas leakage accidents, updating the dangerous gas concentration and the dangerous gas type of the sub-area, specifically: if there is no wind, then ωA＝δn·ωEWherein ω isAConcentration of hazardous gas, omega, in sub-zonesEThe average value of the concentration of the dangerous gas in a region of a distance l near a leakage source is shown, n represents the period T of the updated time when the gas leakage occurs1Number, deltanRepresents the nth period T1The updated coefficient is obtained by searching a preset table, and n is less than nmaxWhen is deltanIncreases with the increase of n, n is more than or equal to nmaxWhen is deltan1 is ═ 1; if wind exists and the subarea is positioned at the upper wind port of the adjacent equipment, the dangerous gas concentration of the subarea is maintained; if there is wind and the sub-area is located at the downwind mouth of the adjacent device, ωA＝ωE|(n-1). By adopting the scheme, the state information of the sub-region can be updated rapidly, and the influence on timeliness of event follow-up caused by too long calculation time is avoided. Step D2), the status of the remaining collaboration table is updated according to the status of the collaboration table with updated statusThe method of states comprises: D21) enumerating all the adjacent regions of the updated sub-regions, regarding the enumerated sub-regions as the adjacent devices of the adjacent regions, and then executing steps D12-D13; D22) step D21 is repeatedly performed until the status of all sub-regions is updated. The method for deriving the concentration of the hazardous gas for the associated variable of each electronic protocol is: if the plan object of the electronic plan is isolated from the airflow channel of the dangerous gas leakage area or the airflow resistance of the airflow channel is greater than a set threshold value, the dangerous gas concentration of the associated variable of the electronic plan is kept unchanged; if the resistance of the plan object of the electronic plan and the airflow channel resistance of the dangerous gas leakage area is smaller than or equal to the set threshold, the leakage source is used as the center to divide eight directions uniformly along the horizontal direction, the upper direction and the lower direction are divided along the vertical direction, and the flow proportion delta of the dangerous gas in sixteen directions is judged according to the plant layout of a chemical plant, the density of the dangerous gas, the wind direction and the wind speedr，r∈[1，16]The hazardous gas concentration Q of the associated variable of the electronic protocoly＝δuQ, wherein δuThe plan target area of the electronic plan is shown in the azimuth of the leakage source, and Q is the concentration of the hazardous gas at the leakage source.
Determining the flow rate ratio delta of the dangerous gas in sixteen directionsrThe method comprises the following steps: determining the flow ratio in the horizontal direction: selecting a certain airflow channel as a reference channel according to the plant layout of a chemical plant, further determining the resistance ratio of airflow channels in the rest seven horizontal directions relative to the reference channel, if no airflow channel exists in a certain direction, the resistance ratio of the airflow channels is infinite, taking the reciprocal of the resistance ratio in each direction as a weight, if a leakage area is windy, determining the flow proportion of a plurality of downward wind directions according to the weight distribution, wherein the flow proportion of the rest directions is 0, and if the leakage area is windless, determining the flow proportion of eight horizontal directions according to the weight distribution; determining the flow ratio in the vertical direction: if the dangerous gas is heavy gas, the flow ratio of the upper direction is 0, the flow ratios of the lower direction and the eight directions are equal to the flow ratio determined in the horizontal direction, and if the density of the dangerous gas is equal to that of air, the flow ratios of the upper direction and the lower direction are respectively equal to the flow ratio determined in the horizontal directionFor example, if the hazardous gas density is smaller than the air density, the flow rate ratio in the lower direction is 0, and the flow rate ratios in the eight directions in the upper direction are equal to the flow rate ratio determined in the horizontal direction.
E) According to the electronic pre-arranged plan and the cooperation table, whether the plurality of routes indicated by each route indicator 600 are safe or not is judged, the indicator lamp 203 corresponding to the safe route is set to indicate safe, and the indicator lamp 203 corresponding to the unsafe route is set to indicate unsafe.
F) Steps C-E are performed periodically.
The beneficial effect of this embodiment does: the method has the advantages that the real-time monitoring of the safety state of the chemical plant is realized by periodically reading and analyzing the monitoring data of the chemical plant, the safety accidents of the chemical plant can be found in time, the corresponding electronic plans are displayed, the equipment or the area where the accidents happen can be deduced through the associated variables and the collaborative table, the influence on the surrounding equipment or the area is tracked, the development of the accidents is tracked, reference is provided for the handling of the accidents, and the handling strategy of the accidents is more targeted. And the accident state after T time is deduced through the delay associated variable, so that a prospective reference is provided for the operator on duty to formulate an accident handling strategy.
The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A system for guiding accident handling and indicating escape route in chemical plant is characterized in that,
comprises a data acquisition unit, a data processing unit, a memory, an interactive terminal, a plurality of display terminals and a plurality of route indicators, the data acquisition unit is communicated with a DCS of the chemical plant and reads monitoring data of the chemical plant, the interaction terminal is installed in a monitoring duty room of the chemical plant, a plurality of display terminals are respectively positioned at the working posts of the staff of the chemical plant, a plurality of route indicating machines are installed along an escape passage and at an intersection, the route indicator comprises a shell, a plurality of route indicating lamps, a communication module, an MCU and a power supply module, the route indicator light is arranged on the shell, the route indicator light and the communication module are both connected with the MCU, the power supply module supplies power to the route indicator light, the communication module and the MCU, the data processing unit is in communication connection with the communication module, the data acquisition unit, the memory, the interactive terminal and the display terminal are all connected with the data processing unit.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the display terminal comprises a rack, a housing, a display screen driver, an indicator and a controller, the rack is installed near the working position of the staff in the chemical plant, the housing, the display screen and the indicator are all fixedly installed on the rack, the display screen driver is in communication connection with the data processing unit, the indicator comprises a plurality of indicator lamps, a battery and a wireless communication module, the indicator lamps, the battery, the wireless communication module and the controller are all installed in the housing, the wireless communication module is in communication connection with the data processing unit, the wireless communication module and the indicator lamps are all connected with the controller, and the battery supplies power to the wireless communication module, the indicator lamps and the controller.
3. The indicating system for chemical plant accident disposal guidance and escape route according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the route indicator further comprises a temperature sensor, a wind speed sensor, a wind direction sensor and a hazardous gas detector, the temperature sensor, the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor and the hazardous gas detector are all mounted on the housing, the hazardous gas detector detects the concentration of hazardous gas in the area near the route indicator, and the temperature sensor, the wind speed sensor, the wind direction sensor and the hazardous gas detector are all connected with the MCU.
4. The system according to claim 2, wherein the display terminal further comprises a camera, a voice communication device and an alarm, the interaction terminal comprises voice interaction equipment, the camera, the voice communication device and the alarm are all mounted on the rack, and the camera, the voice communication device and the alarm are all connected with the data processing unit.
5. The system as claimed in claim 2 or 4, wherein the indicator lights of the indicator are arranged in two rows, and the number of the indicator lights in each row is the same and the positions of the indicator lights in each row correspond to each other.
6. A method for indicating the handling guidance and escape route of chemical plant accidents, which is applied to the system for indicating the handling guidance and escape route of chemical plant accidents according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the method comprises the following steps:
A) inputting a plurality of electronic plans through an interactive terminal, wherein each electronic plan comprises a plan object, a grade, a grading triggering condition, a grading plan content, an associated variable, an associated triggering condition, deduction time T, a delay associated variable and a release condition, the plan object information comprises an object name, an object type and an object area, the grading triggering condition is a condition which needs to be met by monitoring data when the triggering plan corresponds to the grade, the grading plan content is an accident handling method under the corresponding grade, the release condition is a condition which needs to be met by the monitoring data when the plan is released, the associated variable comprises the temperature of the area where the electronic plan object is located, the type of dangerous gas and the concentration of the dangerous gas, and the associated triggering condition is a condition which needs to be met by the associated variable when the electronic plan is triggered;
B) acquiring a GIS model of a chemical plant, establishing a plurality of escape routes for each post, associating an electronic plan with the GIS model of a plan object thereof, associating a route indicator on the escape route and the electronic plan with the escape route, dividing equipment and areas of the electronic plan not associated in the GIS model of the chemical plant into sub-areas, and establishing a cooperation table for each sub-area, wherein the cooperation table comprises cooperation objects, adjacent equipment, adjacent areas, states and state thresholds;
C) reading monitoring data of a chemical plant, comparing the monitoring data with the grading triggering conditions of each electronic plan in sequence, triggering the electronic plan and giving an alarm if the monitoring data meets the grading triggering conditions, setting the grade as the grade corresponding to the triggered grading triggering conditions, displaying grading plan contents for monitoring duty room personnel through an interactive terminal, displaying the grading plan contents for chemical plant post staff related to the grading plan contents through a display terminal, and removing the alarm and stopping displaying the grading plan contents if the removing conditions are met;
D) updating the state of the cooperation table, and displaying the cooperation table with the state exceeding the state threshold value to an attendant;
E) judging whether a plurality of routes indicated by each route indicator are safe or not according to the electronic pre-arranged plan and the cooperation table, setting the indicator lamps corresponding to the safe routes as safe indicators and setting the indicator lamps corresponding to the unsafe routes as unsafe indicators;
F) steps C-E are performed periodically.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step B of dividing the area between the chemical plant equipments and between the equipments and the building into sub-areas comprises:
B11) importing a GIS model of a chemical plant, and removing pipelines and equipment with the volume smaller than a set threshold;
B12) establishing an external cuboid of the equipment;
B13) fill the cuboid region between extension cuboid and chemical plant building, make the cuboid region satisfy: a face next to the at least one circumscribed cuboid and having a face completely coincident with a face of smallest area among the faces of the next-to-circumscribed cuboid;
B14) the cuboid region filled in the step B13 is regarded as an external cuboid, the step B13 is repeated until the chemical plant is filled with the external cuboid and the cuboid region, and the obtained cuboid region is used as a divided sub-region;
B15) setting a side length threshold, and dividing the sub-area with the side length larger than the side length threshold into a plurality of sub-areas to ensure that the side lengths are smaller than the side length threshold.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method for guiding the handling of accidents and indicating the escape route comprises the steps of, the method is characterized in that the side length threshold comprises a first side length threshold and a second side length threshold, when the fire occurs in the chemical plant area, under the windless condition, the conduction distance of the temperature of the fire source in T time, and the second side length threshold value is the length of the fire source when gas leakage occurs in the chemical plant area, under the windless condition, the distance of the leakage center spreading in the T time is divided and respectively stored by using a first side length threshold and a second side length threshold, when the fire occurs in the chemical plant area, the sub-area corresponding to the first side length threshold is used, when the dangerous gas leakage occurs in the chemical plant area, the sub-area corresponding to the second side length threshold is used, and if the fire and the dangerous gas leakage occur simultaneously, the sub-area corresponding to the smaller value of the first side length threshold and the second side length threshold is selected.
9. The method as claimed in claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein the method comprises the steps of,
step C also includes:
C1) updating the associated variable and the postponed associated variable of each electronic scheme according to the monitoring data of the chemical plant, comparing the associated variable with the associated triggering condition, and triggering the electronic scheme if the associated variable meets the associated triggering condition;
C2) deducing the state of each collaborative table after T time according to the delay associated variable of the electronic plan, judging the safety of each area of the chemical plant after T time according to the state of the collaborative table after T time and the value of the delay associated variable, and further judging the safety of each escape after T time;
C3) each indicator lamp of the display terminal indicates the safety of one escape route, two indicator lamps corresponding to the positions of the two rows of display lamps indicate the safety of the same escape route, the first row of indicator lamps indicate the current safety state of the escape route, and the second row of indicator lamps indicate the safety of the escape route after T time.
10. The method as claimed in claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein the method comprises the steps of,
in step D, the method for updating the state of the cooperation table includes:
D1) updating the state of the collaboration table with the adjacent equipment according to the monitoring data;
D2) updating the states of the rest collaborative tables according to the states of the collaborative tables with the updated states;
wherein step D1 includes:
D11) if the adjacent equipment does not have an accident, maintaining the state information of the subareas;
E12) if the fire accident happens to the adjacent equipment, updating the temperature of the sub-area, specifically: if no wind exists, the temperature of the sub-area is updated according to the heat conduction rule, if wind exists and the sub-area is positioned at the upper wind port of the adjacent equipment, the temperature of the sub-area is maintained, and if wind exists and the sub-area is positioned at the lower wind port of the adjacent equipment, the temperature of the sub-area is set as the temperature of the adjacent equipment in the last period T1Monitoring temperature of the process;
D13) if the adjacent equipment has dangerous gas leakage accidents, updating the dangerous gas concentration and the dangerous gas type of the sub-area, specifically:
if there is no wind, then ωA＝δn·ωEWherein ω isAConcentration of hazardous gas, omega, in sub-zonesEThe average value of the concentration of the dangerous gas in a region of a distance l near a leakage source is shown, n represents the period T of the updated time when the gas leakage occurs1Number, deltanRepresents the nth period T1The updated coefficient is obtained by searching a preset table, and n is less than nmaxWhen is deltanIncreases with the increase of n, n is more than or equal to nmaxWhen is deltan＝1；
If wind exists and the subarea is positioned at the upper wind port of the adjacent equipment, the dangerous gas concentration of the subarea is maintained;
if there is wind and the sub-area is located in the adjacent arrangementThe lower wind gap is omegaA＝ωE|(n-1)。
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| CN114724322A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-07-08 | 安徽上造智能设备科技有限公司 | Visual escape route guidance system and method for protective clothing |
| CN114724322B (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-06-23 | 安徽上造智能设备科技有限公司 | Visual escape route guiding system and method for protective clothing |
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