CN111254768A - Ultrasonic metal surface treatment method for steel rail welding joint - Google Patents
Ultrasonic metal surface treatment method for steel rail welding joint Download PDFInfo
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- CN111254768A CN111254768A CN201910841922.8A CN201910841922A CN111254768A CN 111254768 A CN111254768 A CN 111254768A CN 201910841922 A CN201910841922 A CN 201910841922A CN 111254768 A CN111254768 A CN 111254768A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003832 thermite Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B31/00—Working rails, sleepers, baseplates, or the like, in or on the line; Machines, tools, or auxiliary devices specially designed therefor
- E01B31/02—Working rail or other metal track components on the spot
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B31/00—Working rails, sleepers, baseplates, or the like, in or on the line; Machines, tools, or auxiliary devices specially designed therefor
- E01B31/02—Working rail or other metal track components on the spot
- E01B31/12—Removing metal from rails, rail joints, or baseplates, e.g. for deburring welds, reconditioning worn rails
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
Abstract
The ultrasonic metal surface treatment method for the steel rail welding joint comprises the following steps: (1) determining a surface to be processed, wherein the surface to be processed is a half n-shaped curved surface of a locomotive wheel in contact with a steel rail, and the cross section of the surface to be processed is a half n-shaped curve; (2) selecting a machining starting position of a surface to be machined of the steel rail, and setting an ultrasonic tool bit of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device at the starting position; (3) the ultrasonic tool bit is in the vertical direction and the horizontal simultaneous processing of the face of waiting to process, the ultrasonic tool bit is walked the straight line on vertical, the ultrasonic tool bit is walked on horizontal the half n shape curve of rail profile modeling. The ultrasonic metal surface treatment method for the steel rail welding joint provided by the invention is used for carrying out ultrasonic surface treatment on the non-revolution surface semi-n-shaped curved surfaces of the heat affected zones at two sides of the locomotive steel rail welding joint in use, and has the advantages of simple and accurate processing method and high processing efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic metal surface treatment methods, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic metal surface treatment method for a locomotive steel rail welding joint.
Background
Rail transit is an important component of modern traffic, wherein the rails are the main components of railway tracks and the important foundation in rail transit. The function of the rail is to carry and guide the wheels of the rolling stock forward. During the travel of the rolling stock, the rails are subjected to great pressure from the wheels and transmit this pressure to the ties. The rails must provide a continuous, smooth and minimally resistive rolling surface for the wheels, the surface condition of which is directly related to the operational safety of the train. As shown in figure 1, the section shape of the steel rail adopts an I-shaped section with the best bending resistance, and consists of a rail head (1), a rail web (2) and a rail bottom (3). The stressed part of the rail head (1) which is directly in friction contact with the wheel is a half n-shaped curved surface (4), the working contour line of the cross section of the half n-shaped curved surface (4) is a half n-shaped curved section (40), and the half n-shaped curved surface (4) comprises a tread (41), an R arc (42) and a side surface (43).
The rails on a locomotive track are connected by short rails of a certain length in a welding mode. The steel rail welding comprises three modes of welding in a base, welding in a track laying site, first-aid repair welding in the site and the like. The mechanical properties of the heat affected zone of the welded joint, such as tensile strength, hardness, wear resistance, fatigue life, and the like, are lower than those of the steel rail base metal under the influence of welding heat, and the heat affected zone of the welded joint is quickly worn and seriously steps low through rolling of train wheels, so that when a train runs through a low-stepping area, huge impact force is generated on a steel rail and a track bed, and accidents, such as rail breakage and the like, are easily generated if the train is not processed in time, and the driving safety is seriously threatened. Therefore, the steel rail needs to be overhauled and replaced irregularly, the workload is large, and the maintenance cost is high; and affects the operational order of rail traffic. It is necessary to carry out rapid metal surface treatment on the heat affected zone of the welded joint of the steel rail under the condition of not influencing the normal operation of the locomotive, and improve the mechanical properties such as surface hardness and the like.
There are many methods for increasing the hardness of the metal surface, and one of the methods for rapidly increasing the hardness of the metal surface is an ultrasonic metal treatment method. For example, the research results of the impact of ultrasonic impact on the structure and the performance of the high manganese steel frog (Shanggao, Zhaohui: "the impact of ultrasonic impact on the structure and the performance of the high manganese steel frog", Shenyang university school newspaper, 8 months in 2013) show that the ultrasonic impact can improve the metal hardness. The name of the ultrasonic strengthening method for improving the fatigue life of the metal workpiece is as follows: 201610128715.4, the ultrasonic processing can refine the crystal grains on the surface of the metal workpiece and increase the microhardness of the surface.
In the prior art, an ultrasonic metal surface treatment device usually clamps a workpiece to be processed on an ultrasonic machine tool for processing. Ultrasonic machining is generally performed by rotating a workpiece around a spindle and fixing an ultrasonic tool head. For example, the name "ultrasonic metal surface processing apparatus", patent nos.: 200410024057.1, and entitled "ultrasonic strengthening method for improving fatigue life of metal workpiece", the patent numbers are: 201610128715.4, all of which describe ultrasonic machining in which the workpiece rotates along a spindle.
The stressed part of the friction contact between the steel rail and the locomotive wheel is a non-rotary semi-n-shaped curved surface, and the existing ultrasonic processing method and the existing ultrasonic processing device cannot be directly applied to the part to be processed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an ultrasonic metal surface treatment method and a treatment device for a steel rail welded joint.
An ultrasonic metal surface treatment method for a steel rail welding joint comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a surface to be processed, wherein the surface to be processed is a half n-shaped curved surface of a locomotive wheel in contact with a steel rail, the cross section of the surface to be processed is a half n-shaped curve, and the width of the surface to be processed is 0-100mm wider than each side of the width of a heat influence area;
(2) selecting a machining starting position of a surface to be machined of the steel rail, and setting an ultrasonic tool bit of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device at the starting position;
(3) the ultrasonic tool bit is in the surface to be processed is processed simultaneously on the longitudinal direction and the horizontal direction, the ultrasonic tool bit is walked straight line on vertical, the ultrasonic tool bit is walked on horizontal half n shape curve (40) of rail profile modeling, the ultrasonic tool bit has walked all strokes on vertical and horizontal, then ultrasonic tool bit processing orbit covers whole half n shape curved surface, and the course of working finishes.
Preferably, the starting position of the step (2) is positioned on the boundary of the surface to be processed; in particular one of the four vertices of the surface to be machined.
As shown in fig. 3, after the ultrasonic cutting head has traveled one stroke every time from left to right or from right to left in the longitudinal direction, the ultrasonic cutting head has traveled one step a from front to back or from back to front along the semi-n-shaped curve of the rail profile in the transverse direction, and after the ultrasonic cutting head has traveled all the strokes in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, the machining trajectory of the ultrasonic cutting head covers all the semi-n-shaped curved surfaces, that is, all the machined surfaces, and the machining process is finished.
The processing frequency of the ultrasonic tool bit is 16KHz-40 KHz.
The step distance a is 0.01 mm-3 mm, the more preferable range is 0.1 mm-1 mm, and the optimal step distance a is 0.2 mm.
The mode of simultaneous processing of the ultrasonic tool tip in step (3) of the method may also be that, as shown in fig. 4, every time the ultrasonic tool tip makes a stroke from back to front or from front to back in the transverse direction, the ultrasonic tool tip makes a step a from left to right or from right to left in the longitudinal direction. And the ultrasonic tool bit finishes all the strokes in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, the processing track of the ultrasonic tool bit covers all the half n-shaped curved surfaces, namely all the processing surfaces, and the processing process is finished.
In order to realize the ultrasonic metal surface treatment method for the steel rail welding joint, the invention provides an ultrasonic metal surface treatment device for the steel rail welding joint.
As shown in fig. 5 and 7, the ultrasonic metal surface treatment apparatus for a rail weld joint includes: a frame (7) for housing the other components of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device for a welded rail joint; the clamping part is used for clamping the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device of the steel rail welding joint to a to-be-processed surface of a to-be-processed steel rail and is fixedly connected with the rack (7); the transverse profiling part is used for controlling a cutter head of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device to move along a half-n-shaped curve profiling track on the surface to be processed; a longitudinal advancing part for controlling the linear advancing of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device cutter head in the longitudinal direction of the surface to be processed; and the ultrasonic cutter part is used for providing the cutter head of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device, providing pre-pressure required by machining and machining the surface to be machined of the steel rail.
The housing (7) may be any device capable of housing the other components of the apparatus for ultrasonic metal surfacing of welded rail joints.
The first specific structure of the rack (7) is that, as shown in fig. 5, the rack comprises a left profile plate (71), a right profile plate (72) and a rear connecting plate (73), the left profile plate (71) and the right profile plate (72) are respectively and fixedly connected with the rear connecting plate (73), a left clamping groove (710) is arranged below the left profile plate (71), a right clamping groove (720) is arranged below the right profile plate (72), and the left clamping groove (710) and the right clamping groove (720) are used for accommodating a rail head part of a steel rail to be processed.
On the basis of the frame structure, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, a half n-shaped curve profiling left track groove (711) and a half n-shaped curve profiling right track groove (721) are respectively arranged on two opposite inner side surfaces of the left profiling plate (71) and the right profiling plate (72), and the shape of the half n-shaped curve profiling left track groove (711) and the half n-shaped curve profiling right track groove (721) is a half n-shaped curve (40) of the section of the steel rail machining surface to be machined.
On the basis of the frame structure, a structure shown in fig. 5 and 10 can also be adopted to replace the half n-shaped curve profiling left track groove (711) and the half n-shaped curve profiling right track groove (721), namely, half n-shaped curve profiling sliding rails (28) are respectively arranged on two opposite inner side surfaces of the left profiling plate (71) and the right profiling plate (72), and the shape of the half n-shaped curve profiling sliding rail (28) is a half n-shaped curve (40) of the section of the steel rail processing surface to be processed.
The clamping part can be any device for clamping the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device for the steel rail welded joint to the position to be processed of the steel rail to be processed.
The first structure of the clamping part is as follows: as shown in fig. 7, the clamping part comprises a clamping cylinder (20), a clamping block seat (15) and a clamping block (21), the clamping cylinder (20) is fixed behind the rear connecting plate (73), and the rear connecting plate (73) is provided with a first through hole (74); the clamp splice seat (15) is installed back connecting plate (73) with the corresponding opposite side of die clamping cylinder (20), clamp splice seat (15) sets up hole (151), hole (151) with first through-hole (74) position corresponds, the first cylinder pole (201) of die clamping cylinder (20) are in hole (151) in with clamp splice (21) are connected, make clamp splice (21) can slide back and forth in hole (151). In the machining process, the clamping block (21) is driven by the first cylinder rod (201) to slide along the inner hole (151) to extend out to abut against a rail head (1) of a steel rail to be machined. And under the joint clamping action of the clamping block (21), the left clamping groove (710) and the right clamping groove (720), clamping the steel rail welding joint ultrasonic metal surface treatment device to the steel rail to be processed.
Preferably, the part of the front end of the clamping block (21) abutting against the rail head (1) of the steel rail adopts an end surface shape matched with the rail head.
The second structure of the clamping part is the same as the first structure, except that, as shown in fig. 10, the clamping part adopts a clamping oil cylinder (27) to replace the clamping cylinder (20), and correspondingly, the first cylinder rod (201) is replaced by an oil cylinder rod.
The transverse travel portion may be any means for urging the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device of the rail weld joint in a transverse direction of the rail.
The transverse traveling part of the first structure, as shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, comprises a profiling action plate (8) and a first through stepping motor (16), wherein the frame (7) adopts the frame (7) of the first structure, and the left end and the right end of the profiling action plate (8) are connected with a part which is embedded into the half n-shaped curve profiling left track groove (711) and the half n-shaped curve profiling right track groove (721) and can freely rotate or move in the left track groove (711) and the right track groove (721). The part which is embedded in the left track groove (711) and the right track groove (721) and can freely rotate or move in the left track groove (711) and the right track groove (721) can be a pulley (12) or other similar parts. As shown in fig. 8, taking a pulley (12) as an example, the left and right ends of the profiling operating plate (8) are respectively connected with the pulley (12), and the pulley (12) can freely profile and move in the half n-shaped curve profiling left track groove (711) and the half n-shaped curve profiling right track groove (721); in order to increase the load bearing capacity, the number of pulleys (12) can be increased to two or more per side.
As shown in fig. 7, the first through stepping motor (16) is rotatably mounted on the rear connecting plate (73) of the frame (7) around a mounting shaft (11), an axial direction of the mounting shaft (11) is the same as a longitudinal direction of a rail to be processed, and one end of a first lead screw (22) of the first through stepping motor (16) is rotatably connected with the profiling action plate (8). The ultrasonic cutter part is transversely and movably arranged on the profiling action plate (8) in a fixed and movable way.
The transverse advancing part of the second structure is the same as that of the first structure, the transverse advancing part comprises a profiling action plate (8) and a first penetrating type stepping motor (16), the difference is that as shown in fig. 5 and fig. 10, the rack (7) of the second structure is adopted as the rack (7), the left end and the right end of the profiling action plate (8) are connected with a curve sliding block (29) embedded in the half n-shaped curve profiling sliding rail (28), and the curve sliding block (29) performs profiling movement in the half n-shaped curve profiling sliding rail (28) to drive the profiling action plate (8) to freely move along the half n-shaped curve profiling direction of the surface to be processed of the steel rail; in order to increase the bearing capacity, the number of curved sliders (29) can be increased to two or more per side.
When the transverse advancing parts of the two structures work, the first penetrating type stepping motor (16) drives the first screw rod (22) to move forwards or backwards to drive the profiling action plate (8) to profile and move forwards and backwards along the semi-n-shaped curve profiling track to drive the ultrasonic cutter part to profile and move forwards and backwards, so that the transverse processing of the surface to be processed is realized.
As shown in FIG. 10, the first through stepping motor (16) of the transverse traveling part of the two structures can be replaced by a first servo hydraulic cylinder (24), and the first screw rod (22) can be replaced by a first hydraulic lever (241).
The longitudinal advancing means may be any means for urging the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device of the rail weld joint to advance in the longitudinal direction of the rail to be machined.
A longitudinal advancing part of a first structure, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, comprises a longitudinal acting plate (10), a second through hole (80) is formed in the middle of the profiling acting plate (8) and used for accommodating the ultrasonic cutter part, the bottom of the ultrasonic cutter part is fixed on the longitudinal acting plate (10), longitudinally extending first sliding rail and sliding block pairs (14) are arranged at the bottoms of the front side edge and the rear side edge of the second through hole (80), the longitudinal acting plate (10) is connected with the first sliding rail and sliding block pairs (14), and the longitudinal acting plate (10) drives the ultrasonic cutter part to advance in the longitudinal direction of a steel rail surface to be processed; the second through stepping motor (33) is fixed on the bottom surface of the profiling action plate (8), one end of a second lead screw (23) of the second through stepping motor (33) is fixedly connected with the longitudinal action plate (10), the second through stepping motor (33) drives the second lead screw (23), the second lead screw (23) drives the longitudinal action plate (10) to move longitudinally on the profiling action plate (8) along the first slide rail and slide block pair (14) so as to drive the ultrasonic cutter part to move longitudinally on the steel rail to be processed.
The longitudinal travel section of the second construction is identical to the longitudinal travel section of the first construction except that, as shown in fig. 9, a second servo hydraulic cylinder (26) is used in place of the second through stepping motor (33) described in the longitudinal travel section of the first construction, and correspondingly, the second lead screw (23) is replaced with a second servo hydraulic cylinder rod (261).
The ultrasonic tool part can be any device which can provide a tool bit of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device, provide pre-pressure required by machining and machine the surface to be machined of the steel rail.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the ultrasonic blade portion includes an ultrasonic blade (18), a blade holder (9), and a preload adjusting device. The tool rack (9) can be any structure capable of bearing the tools, preferably the tool rack (9) is a door-shaped frame or an L-shaped frame, and most preferably the tool rack (9) is a door-shaped frame. The bottom of the tool rest (9) is fixedly connected with the longitudinal action plate (10), at least one vertical side edge of the tool rest (9) is provided with a second sliding rail and sliding block pair (13), and the left side edge and the right side edge of the tool rest (9) are both provided with the second sliding rail and sliding block pair (13); the ultrasonic tool (18) is mounted on the tool holder (9) by means of the second slide rail-slide pair (13). The pre-pressure adjusting device comprises a pressure cylinder (17), the pressure cylinder (17) is installed at the top end of the door-shaped tool rest (9), a second cylinder rod (170) of the pressure cylinder (17) is connected with the ultrasonic tool (18), and the ultrasonic tool (18) slides up and down on the vertical side face of the tool rest (9) along a track of the second sliding rail and sliding block pair (13) under the driving of the second cylinder rod (170). In the machining preparation stage, the pressure cylinder (17) applies working pre-pressure to the ultrasonic cutter (18) through the second cylinder rod (170), and after the machining process is finished, the pressure cylinder (17) lifts the ultrasonic cutter (18) through the second cylinder rod (170).
The pre-pressure adjusting device of the ultrasonic cutter part can also adopt the following scheme: as shown in fig. 9, the preliminary pressure adjusting device includes a lock nut (25), a pressure adjusting screw (30), and a pressure spring (31). The top end of the tool rack (9) is provided with a threaded hole (90), the pressure adjusting screw (30) is installed in the threaded hole (90) in the top end of the tool rack (9), and the pressure spring (31) is installed between the ultrasonic tool (18) and the pressure adjusting screw (30). The pressure adjusting screw rod (30) is rotated clockwise, the pressure adjusting screw rod (30) compresses the pressure spring (31), and the processing pressure of the ultrasonic cutter (18) is increased. Conversely, by rotating the pressure adjusting screw (30) counterclockwise, the processing pressure of the ultrasonic tool (18) is reduced. And after the processing pre-pressure is adjusted, the pressure adjusting screw rod (30) is locked by the locking nut (25) and is locked at a locking position.
During the working process, the ultrasonic cutter (18) completes the ultrasonic processing of the rail processing area under the common control of the transverse advancing part and the longitudinal advancing part.
The method for processing the metal surface of the steel rail welding joint provided by the invention is used for carrying out ultrasonic surface processing on the non-revolution surface semi-n-shaped curved surface of the heat affected zone at two sides of the locomotive steel rail welding joint in use, can complete the processing process of the whole non-revolution surface at one time, and is simple and accurate in processing method and high in processing efficiency. The ultrasonic metal surface treatment device for the steel rail welded joint can realize ultrasonic processing of a half-n-shaped curved surface of a locomotive steel rail and improve the hardness and the wear resistance of a surface to be processed of the steel rail; the device has simple structure and small volume, can be clamped and quickly processed on the paved steel rail on site, and does not influence the normal operation of the locomotive.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a rail to be machined;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a surface to be processed and a heat affected zone of a rail to be processed;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a first method of treating the metal surface of a rail weld joint along a path traversed by a tool bit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a second method of treating the metal surface of a rail weld joint along a path traversed by a tool bit;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a metal surface treatment apparatus for a welded joint of a steel rail according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a longitudinal traveling part of the metal surface treatment apparatus for a welded joint of a steel rail according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of section E-E of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of a transverse traveling part of the metal surface treatment device for a welded joint of a steel rail according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the cutter portion of the metal surface treatment apparatus for a welded joint of a steel rail according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of the cross-section F-F of fig. 9.
Wherein, 1, a rail head 2, a rail web 3, a rail bottom 4, a half n-shaped curved surface 40, a half n-shaped curved section 41, a tread 42, an R arc 43, a side surface 5, a heat affected zone 6, a welding seam 7, a frame 71, a left cam plate 710, a left clamping groove 711, a left track groove 72, a right cam plate 720, a right clamping groove 721, a right track groove 73, a rear connecting plate 74, a first through hole 8, a cam action plate 80, a second through hole 9, a cutter frame 10, a longitudinal action plate 11, a mounting shaft 12, a roller 13, a second slide rail slide block pair 14, a first slide rail slide block pair 15, a clamping block seat 151, an inner hole 16, a first penetrating type stepping motor 17, a pressure cylinder 170, a second cylinder rod 18, an ultrasonic cutter 19, a second penetrating type stepping motor 20, a clamping cylinder 201, a first cylinder rod 21, a clamping block 22, The device comprises a first screw rod 23, a second screw rod 24, a first servo hydraulic cylinder 241, a first hydraulic cylinder rod 25, a locking nut 26, a second servo hydraulic cylinder 261, a second hydraulic cylinder rod 27, a clamping cylinder 28, a half n-shaped curve profiling slide rail 29, a curve slide block 30, a pressure adjusting screw rod 31, a pressure spring 90, a threaded hole
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, the surface to be processed is a half n-shaped curved surface of the locomotive wheel contacting the rail, and the cross section of the surface to be processed is a half n-shaped curve 40. Four vertexes of the half n-shaped curved surface 4 to be processed are respectively a vertex A at the upper left corner, a vertex B at the upper right corner, a vertex C at the lower left corner and a vertex D at the lower right corner, four vertexes of the heat affected zone 5 on two sides of the welding seam 6 are respectively a vertex A 'at the upper left corner, a vertex B' at the upper right corner, a vertex C 'at the lower left corner and a vertex D' at the lower right corner. The surface to be processed of the steel rail covers the heat affected zone 5 on two sides of the welding seam 6 on the upper surface of the rail head of the steel rail, namely the width of the surface to be processed of the steel rail is more than or equal to the width of the heat affected zone 5, namely the distance between a line segment AC and a line segment BD is more than the distance between a line segment A ' C ' and a line segment B ' D ', the width of the surface to be processed can be 0-100mm wider than each side of the width of the heat affected zone 5, namely the length of AA ' is 0-100 mm. The widths of the heat affected zone 5 generated by different welding methods are different, for example, when thermite welding is adopted, the width of the heat affected zone 5 is the largest and can reach 200mm at most, that is, the range of 100mm on each side of the welding seam 6 belongs to the heat affected zone 5, then, the width of the surface to be processed is 200-400mm, that is, each side of the welding seam 6 is 100-200 mm.
Example 1:
a method for processing the metal surface of a steel rail welding joint comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a surface to be processed, wherein the surface to be processed is a half n-shaped curved surface of a locomotive wheel in contact with a steel rail, the cross section of the surface to be processed is a half n-shaped curve, and the width of the surface to be processed is 20mm wider than each side of the width of a heat influence area;
(2) selecting a top point A at the upper left corner of a surface to be machined of the steel rail as a machining starting position, setting a cutter head of the metal surface treatment device to be an ultrasonic metal surface treatment device cutter head and setting the ultrasonic cutter head at the starting position A;
(3) the ultrasonic wave tool bit is in waiting to process the vertical of face and processing simultaneously on horizontal, the ultrasonic wave tool bit walks the straight line on vertical, walks on horizontal half n-shaped curve 40 of rail profile modeling, as shown in fig. 3, the ultrasonic wave tool bit is from left to right once to walk a stroke on vertical, for example from upper left corner summit A to the summit B of the upper right corner, the ultrasonic wave tool bit walks a step a from the front to the back along the half n-shaped curve of rail profile modeling on horizontal simultaneously, the ultrasonic wave tool bit walks to the diagonal summit of initial position summit A, and the lower right corner summit D of waiting to process the face promptly, the ultrasonic wave tool bit has walked all strokes on vertical and horizontal, then ultrasonic wave tool bit processing orbit covers whole half n-shaped curved surface promptly, covers all processing faces promptly, and the course of processing finishes.
The processing frequency of the ultrasonic tool bit is 16 KHz.
The step distance a is 0.01 mm.
Example 2:
the same as in example 1, except that the width of the surface to be processed was 40mm wider than each side of the width of the heat-affected zone; and (2) selecting a point G between a top left corner vertex A and a top right corner vertex B of the surface to be machined of the steel rail as a machining starting position, wherein the machining frequency of the ultrasonic cutter head is 18KHz, and the step distance a is 0.2 mm.
Example 3:
the same as in example 1, except that the width of the surface to be processed was 50mm wider than each side of the width of the heat-affected zone; in step (3), the ultrasonic tool tip is simultaneously machined, as shown in fig. 4, after every pass of the ultrasonic tool tip from back to front in the transverse direction, for example, the ultrasonic tool tip passes from the top left vertex a to the bottom left vertex C, the ultrasonic tool tip simultaneously passes from left to right in the longitudinal direction by a step distance a, the step distance a is 3mm, and the machining frequency of the ultrasonic tool tip is 20 KHz.
Example 4:
the same as in example 3, except that the width of the surface to be processed was 100mm wider than each side of the width of the heat-affected zone; and (2) selecting a point H between a top left corner vertex A and a bottom right corner vertex C of the surface to be processed of the steel rail as a processing starting position, wherein the processing frequency of the ultrasonic cutter head is 40KHz, and the step distance a is 0.5 mm.
In order to realize the method for processing the metal surface of the steel rail welding joint, the invention provides an ultrasonic metal surface processing device for the steel rail welding joint.
As shown in fig. 5 and 7, the ultrasonic metal surface treatment apparatus for a rail weld joint includes: a frame 7 for housing the other components of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device for a welded rail joint; the clamping part is used for clamping the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device of the steel rail welding joint to a to-be-processed surface of a to-be-processed steel rail and is fixedly connected with the rack 7; the transverse profiling part is used for controlling a cutter head of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device to move along a half-n-shaped curve profiling track on the surface to be processed; a longitudinal advancing part for controlling the linear advancing of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device cutter head in the longitudinal direction of the surface to be processed; and the ultrasonic cutter part is used for providing the cutter head of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device, providing pre-pressure required by machining and machining the surface to be machined of the steel rail.
The housing 7 may be any device capable of housing the other components of the apparatus for ultrasonic metal surfacing of welded rail joints. Three specific frame configurations are described in example 5, example 6 and example 7 below, respectively.
Example 5:
the first specific structure of the rack 7 is, as shown in fig. 5, that the rack includes a left cam 71, a right cam 72, and a rear connecting plate 73, where the left cam 71 and the right cam 72 are respectively and fixedly connected to the rear connecting plate 73, a left engaging groove 710 is disposed below the left cam 71, a right engaging groove 720 is disposed below the right cam 72, and the left engaging groove 710 and the right engaging groove 720 are used for receiving a rail head portion of a rail to be processed.
Example 6:
on the basis of the frame structure of the foregoing embodiment 5, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, further, two opposite inner side surfaces of the left cam plate 71 and the right cam plate 72 are respectively provided with a half n-shaped curve-copying left track groove 711 and a half n-shaped curve-copying right track groove 721, and the shape of the half n-shaped curve-copying left track groove 711 and the half n-shaped curve-copying right track groove 721 is the half n-shaped curve 40 of the section of the processed surface of the steel rail to be processed.
Example 7:
on the basis of the frame structure of the foregoing embodiment 5, further, as shown in fig. 5 and 10, half n-shaped curved profile rails 28 are respectively disposed on two opposite inner side surfaces of the left profile plate 71 and the right profile plate 72, and the shape of the half n-shaped curved profile rail 28 is the half n-shaped curve 40 of the section of the processed surface of the rail to be processed.
The clamping part can be any device for clamping the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device for the steel rail welded joint to the position to be processed of the steel rail to be processed. Two specific clamping portions are described in example 8 and example 9 below, respectively.
Example 8:
the first structure of the clamping part is as follows: as shown in fig. 7, the clamping part comprises a clamping cylinder 20, a clamping block seat 15 and a clamping block 21, the clamping cylinder 20 is fixed behind the rear connecting plate 73, and the rear connecting plate 73 is provided with a first through hole 74; the clamp block seat 15 is installed on the other side of the rear connecting plate 73 corresponding to the clamp cylinder 20, the clamp block seat 15 is provided with an inner hole 151, the inner hole 151 corresponds to the first through hole 74, and a first cylinder rod 201 of the clamp cylinder 20 is connected with the clamp block 21 in the inner hole 151, so that the clamp block 21 can slide back and forth in the inner hole 151. During the machining process, the clamping block 21 is driven by the first cylinder rod 201 to slide along the inner hole 151 to extend and abut against the rail head 1 of the rail to be machined. And under the clamping action of the clamping blocks 21, the left clamping groove 710 and the right clamping groove 720, clamping the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device of the steel rail welding joint to the steel rail to be processed.
Preferably, the part of the front end of the clamping block 21 abutting against the rail head 1 adopts an end surface shape matched with the rail head.
Example 9:
the second structure of the chuck section is the same as the first structure of embodiment 8, except that, as shown in fig. 10, the chuck section employs a chuck cylinder 27 instead of the chuck cylinder 20, and correspondingly, the first cylinder rod 201 is replaced by an oil cylinder rod.
The transverse travel portion may be any means for urging the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device of the rail weld joint in a transverse direction of the rail. Specific lateral travel portions are described in example 10, example 11, and example 12 below, respectively.
Example 10:
as shown in fig. 6, 7 and 8, the transverse traveling part includes a profiling motion plate 8 and a first through stepping motor 16, the frame 7 adopts the frame 7 of the first structure provided in embodiment 6, and the left and right ends of the profiling motion plate 8 are connected to a member which is embedded in the half n-shaped curve profiling left track groove 711 and the half n-shaped curve profiling right track groove 721 and can freely rotate or move in the left track groove 711 and the right track groove 721. The member, which is inserted into the left track groove 711 and the right track groove 721 and can freely rotate or move in the left track groove 711 and the right track groove 721, may be a pulley 12 or the like. As shown in fig. 8, taking the use of the pulley 12 as an example, both left and right ends of the profiling operation plate 8 are connected to the pulley 12, respectively, and the pulley 12 is freely profiled and moved in the half n-shaped curve profiling left track groove 711 and the half n-shaped curve profiling right track groove 721; to increase the load bearing capacity, the number of pulleys 12 may be increased to two or more per side.
As shown in fig. 7, the first through stepping motor 16 is rotatably mounted on the rear connecting plate 73 of the frame 7 about a mounting shaft 11, an axial direction of the mounting shaft 11 is the same as a longitudinal direction of the rail to be processed, and one end of the first lead screw 22 of the first through stepping motor 16 is rotatably connected to the copying operation plate 8. The ultrasonic cutter part is arranged on the profiling action plate 8 in a transverse fixed position and a longitudinal movable position.
Example 11:
the transverse traveling part comprises a profiling action plate 8 and a first through stepping motor 16, which is the same as that in the embodiment 10, and is different from the above, as shown in fig. 5 and 10, the frame 7 adopts the frame 7 with the second structure provided by the embodiment 7, the left and right ends of the profiling action plate 8 are connected with curve sliders 29 embedded in the half n-shaped curve profiling slide rails 28, and the curve sliders 29 perform profiling movement in the half n-shaped curve profiling slide rails 28 to drive the profiling action plate 8 to freely move along the half n-shaped curve profiling direction of the surface to be processed of the steel rail; to increase the bearing capacity, the number of curved sliders 29 can be increased to two or more per side.
In the working of the transverse advancing part provided in embodiments 10 and 11, the first through stepping motor 16 drives the first lead screw 22 to move forward or backward, so as to drive the profiling action plate 8 to profile forward or backward along the semi-n-shaped curved profiling track, and drive the ultrasonic cutting tool part to profile forward or backward, thereby realizing the transverse processing of the surface to be processed.
Example 12:
as shown in fig. 10, the first through stepping motor 16 can be replaced by a first servo hydraulic cylinder 24 and the first lead screw 22 can be replaced by a first hydraulic lever 241 in the lateral traveling portions provided in embodiments 10 and 11.
The longitudinal advancing means may be any means for urging the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device of the rail weld joint to advance in the longitudinal direction of the rail to be machined. Examples 13 and 14 below describe two specific longitudinal travel sections, respectively.
Example 13:
a longitudinal advancing part of a first structure, as shown in fig. 5 and 6, comprises a longitudinal acting plate 10, a second through hole 80 is formed in the middle of the profiling acting plate 8 and used for accommodating the ultrasonic cutter part, the bottom of the ultrasonic cutter part is fixed on the longitudinal acting plate 10, the bottoms of the front side and the rear side of the second through hole 80 are provided with a first slide rail and slide block pair 14 extending longitudinally, the longitudinal acting plate 10 is connected with the first slide rail and slide block pair 14, and the longitudinal acting plate 10 drives the ultrasonic cutter part to advance in the longitudinal direction of the surface to be processed of the steel rail; the second through stepping motor 33 is fixed on the bottom surface of the profiling action plate 8, one end of a second lead screw 23 of the second through stepping motor 33 is fixedly connected with the longitudinal action plate 10, the second through stepping motor 33 drives the second lead screw 23, and the second lead screw 23 drives the longitudinal action plate 10 to move longitudinally on the profiling action plate 8 along the first slide rail and slide block pair 14 to drive the ultrasonic cutter part to move longitudinally on the steel rail to be processed.
Example 14:
this embodiment is the same as the embodiment 13 except that, as shown in fig. 9, a second servo hydraulic cylinder 26 is used instead of the second through stepping motor 33 described in embodiment 13, and accordingly, the second lead screw 23 is replaced with a second servo hydraulic cylinder rod 261.
According to the method provided by the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2, the ultrasonic tool 18 completes ultrasonic machining on the rail machining area under the joint control of the transverse advancing part and the longitudinal advancing part.
The ultrasonic tool part can be any device which can provide a tool bit of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device, provide pre-pressure required by machining and machine the surface to be machined of the steel rail. Two specific ultrasonic cutter segments are described in example 15 and example 16 below, respectively.
Example 15:
as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the ultrasonic blade section includes an ultrasonic blade 18, a blade holder 9, and a preload adjusting device. The tool rack 9 may be any structure capable of carrying the tools, preferably the tool rack 9 is a portal frame or L-shaped rack, in this embodiment the tool rack 9 is portal. The bottom of the tool rack 9 is fixedly connected with the longitudinal action plate 10, at least one vertical side edge of the tool rack 9 is provided with a second slide rail and slide block pair 13, and the left side edge and the right side edge of the tool rack 9 in the embodiment are both provided with the second slide rail and slide block pair 13; the ultrasonic tool 18 is mounted on the tool holder 9 via the second slide carriage pair 13. The pre-pressure adjusting device comprises a pressure cylinder 17, the pressure cylinder 17 is mounted at the top end of the portal tool rest 9, a second cylinder rod 170 of the pressure cylinder 17 is connected with the ultrasonic tool 18, and the ultrasonic tool 18 slides up and down on the vertical side surface of the tool rest 9 along the track of the second slide rail slider pair 13 under the driving of the second cylinder rod 170. In the preparation stage of machining, the pressure cylinder 17 pre-presses the ultrasonic tool 18 through the second cylinder rod 170, and after the machining process is finished, the pressure cylinder 17 lifts the ultrasonic tool 18 through the second cylinder rod 170.
Example 16:
this example is the same as the ultrasonic blade section provided in example 15, except that a different pre-pressure adjusting device was used. As shown in fig. 9, the preliminary pressure adjusting means includes a lock nut 25, a pressure adjusting screw 30, and a pressure spring 31. The top end of the tool frame 9 is provided with a threaded hole 90, the pressure adjusting screw 30 is installed in the threaded hole 90 at the top end of the tool frame 9, and the pressure spring 31 is installed between the ultrasonic tool 18 and the pressure adjusting screw 30. When the pressure adjustment screw 30 is rotated clockwise, the pressure adjustment screw 30 compresses the pressure spring 31, and the processing pressure of the ultrasonic tool 18 is increased. Conversely, rotating the pressure-adjusting screw 30 counterclockwise, the machining pressure of the ultrasonic cutter 18 decreases. After the machining pre-pressure is adjusted, the pressure adjusting screw 30 is locked by the locking nut 25 and locked in a position.
Claims (10)
1. The ultrasonic metal surface treatment method for the steel rail welding joint comprises the following steps:
(1) determining a surface to be processed, wherein the surface to be processed is a half n-shaped curved surface of a locomotive wheel in contact with a steel rail, the cross section of the surface to be processed is a half n-shaped curve, and the width of the surface to be processed is 0-100mm wider than each side of the width of a heat influence area;
(2) selecting a machining starting position of a surface to be machined of the steel rail, and setting an ultrasonic tool bit of the ultrasonic metal surface treatment device at the starting position;
(3) the ultrasonic tool bit is in the surface to be processed is processed simultaneously in the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction, the ultrasonic tool bit is straight on the longitudinal direction, the ultrasonic tool bit is horizontal to walk the semi-n-shaped curve of the steel rail profile modeling, all the strokes are longitudinally and transversely walked by the ultrasonic tool bit, then the processing track of the ultrasonic tool bit covers all the semi-n-shaped curved surfaces, and the processing process is finished.
2. A method for ultrasonic metal surface treatment of a rail weld joint according to claim 1, wherein said machining start position of step (2) is located on the boundary of the surface to be machined.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said machining start position of step (2) is a vertex of a surface to be machined.
4. A method for ultrasonic metal surfacing of a rail weld joint according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the simultaneous machining of the ultrasonic tool bits in step (3) of the method is performed by: the ultrasonic cutter head finishes one stroke every time when moving from left to right or from right to left in the longitudinal direction, and the ultrasonic cutter head finishes one step a from front to back or from back to front along the half n-shaped curve of the steel rail profile modeling in the transverse direction.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the ultrasonic cutting head is machined at a frequency of 16KHz to 40 KHz.
6. A method for ultrasonic metal surface treatment of a welded rail joint according to claim 4, wherein the step distance a is 0.01mm to 3 mm.
7. A method for ultrasonic metal surface treatment of a welded rail joint according to claim 5, wherein the step distance a is 0.01mm to 3 mm.
8. A method for ultrasonic metal surfacing of a rail weld joint according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the simultaneous machining of the ultrasonic tool bits in step (3) of the method is performed by: the ultrasonic wave cutter head finishes one stroke every time when going from back to front or from front to back in the transverse direction, and the ultrasonic wave cutter head finishes one step a from left to right or from right to left in the longitudinal direction.
9. A method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the ultrasonic cutting head is machined at a frequency of 16KHz to 40 KHz.
10. The method for ultrasonic metal surface treatment of a rail weld joint according to claim 8, wherein the step distance a is 0.01mm to 3 mm.
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| CN201910841922.8A CN111254768A (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | Ultrasonic metal surface treatment method for steel rail welding joint |
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| CN201910841922.8A CN111254768A (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | Ultrasonic metal surface treatment method for steel rail welding joint |
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| CN101252861A (en) * | 2005-07-01 | 2008-08-27 | U.I.T.有限责任公司 | Method of improving quality and reliability of welded rail joint properties by ultrasonic impact treatment |
| WO2011059395A1 (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | Industrispår I Ystad Ab | Method and machine for treatment of railway joints |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CH675440A5 (en) * | 1988-03-04 | 1990-09-28 | Speno International | |
| FR2661698A1 (en) * | 1990-05-03 | 1991-11-08 | Repcorail Sarl | Portable reprofiling grinder using copying of the rail |
| JP2000237931A (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-09-05 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Curved surface working method |
| JP2004169339A (en) * | 2002-11-19 | 2004-06-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | Working method for reinforcing and repairing rail |
| JP2005029975A (en) * | 2003-07-08 | 2005-02-03 | East Japan Railway Co | Cutting-correcting device of rail head part joint welding residual part |
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