CN111254327A - High-silicon aluminum alloy and casting method thereof - Google Patents
High-silicon aluminum alloy and casting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
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- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
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- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-silicon aluminum alloy and a casting method thereof, wherein the high-silicon aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 17.2 to 33.6% of silicon, 2.1 to 3.5% of copper, 0.3 to 0.45% of magnesium, 0.1 to 0.2% of manganese, 0.08 to 0.12% of iron, 0.15 to 0.35% of zinc, 0.1 to 0.2% of titanium, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurity elements. The invention adopts an ultrasonic auxiliary means to effectively improve the quality of the high-silicon aluminum alloy and obtain an ideal structural state, the average size of primary crystal silicon in the obtained high-silicon aluminum alloy is less than 40 mu m, the average size of eutectic crystal silicon is less than 12 mu m, and the alloy has excellent mechanical properties, thereby finally realizing high-quality, low-cost and industrialized production of the high-silicon aluminum alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy casting, in particular to a high-silicon aluminum alloy and a casting method thereof.
Background
In the field of automobile manufacturing, the urgent demands for higher speed and higher power are provided for engines, and the traditional hypoeutectic and eutectic composition aluminum-silicon alloy can not meet the requirements of engine pistons, transmission casings, transmission devices and the like on material strength and wear resistance.
At present, the main key technology for limiting the industrialization of hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy (the content of Si is 17% -32%) is the size and form control of primary crystal silicon and eutectic silicon in the alloy. It is known that hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloys have excellent overall properties such as excellent mechanical properties, wear resistance, and good dimensional stability, when the average size of primary silicon in the hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is kept below 40 μm, the average size of eutectic silicon is kept below 12 μm, and the eutectic silicon is in a nearly spherical shape. In the prior art, when a modifier such as an aluminum-phosphorus master alloy is used, great resistance is met in the industrial process, and the technical transfer and the duplication are difficult to realize.
For example, the invention patent (201810075148.X) discloses a high-strength and high-toughness high-silicon aluminum alloy suitable for extrusion casting and a preparation process thereof, but the alloy components of the alloy contain rare earth elements, which can cause the manufacturing cost of the alloy to be remarkably increased; the invention patent (200410043855.9; 1279197C) discloses a preparation method of a low-expansion ultra-high silicon aluminum alloy, which realizes the manufacture of high-silicon aluminum alloy with Si content of 61.6-70.8%, but does not realize a modification process, and the comprehensive properties of the material are not suitable for the manufacture of automobile parts.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the high-silicon aluminum alloy and the casting method thereof, the ultrasonic technology treatment is assisted in the casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy, so that the nucleation and growth processes of primary silicon and eutectic silicon in the casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy are optimized, perfect double control is realized on the size and the shape, and high quality, low cost and industrialization are realized.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The high-silicon aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 17.2 to 33.6 percent of silicon, 2.1 to 3.5 percent of copper, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of magnesium, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of manganese, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of iron, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of zinc, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of titanium, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurity elements; wherein the total content of inevitable impurity elements is less than 0.15%.
A method of casting a high silicon aluminum alloy, the method comprising the steps of:
1) smelting aluminum alloy according to the mass ratio: weighing pure aluminum ingots, cathode copper, pure magnesium ingots, pure silicon particles, and intermediate alloys of aluminum manganese, aluminum iron, aluminum zinc and aluminum titanium according to the weight percentage (wt%); setting the temperature of a smelting furnace to 900-1000 ℃, charging pure aluminum ingots, pure silicon particles, cathode copper, and aluminum-manganese, aluminum-iron, aluminum-zinc and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloys, and controlling the furnace temperature to be 700-820 ℃ after all the materials are melted; carrying out ultrasonic-assisted smelting on the melt in the smelting furnace, stirring simultaneously, wherein the stirring times are 3 times in total, wherein slagging off is carried out after the first stirring, then, pure magnesium ingots are added, and then, the other two stirring processes are carried out, and the ultrasonic-assisted smelting is carried out until the stirring process is finished;
2) refining and heating: introducing the melt obtained in the step 1) into a standing furnace, introducing argon for refining for not less than 10min, and raising the temperature to 825-835 ℃ after refining;
3) ultrasonic-assisted modification treatment: preserving the heat of the melt obtained in the step 2) for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of 825 to 835 ℃, after the heat preservation is finished, performing ultrasonic-assisted modification on the melt in a standing furnace, adding an aluminum-phosphorus modifier, and stirring for 20 to 35 minutes;
4) casting: and (3) standing the melt obtained in the step 3), adding the melt into a casting disc for casting while adopting ultrasonic-assisted casting when the melt temperature is stabilized to 770-790 ℃, and obtaining the high-silicon aluminum alloy cast rod after the casting process is finished.
The casting method is characterized in that the ultrasonic-assisted smelting in the step 1) is to place ultrasonic probes around the smelting furnace, wherein the central axis of the ultrasonic probes is perpendicular to the central axis of the smelting furnace, the frequency of the ultrasonic probes is 0.5MHz-1MHz, and the power density is 0.3-0.32W/cm2。
The casting method is characterized in that the stirring time in the step 1) is 15min each time, and the stirring interval is 30 min.
The casting method according to the above, wherein the flow rate of argon gas in the step 2) is 5 to 10L/min.
The casting method according to the above, characterized in thatThe step 3) of ultrasonic-assisted modification is to arrange ultrasonic probes around the standing furnace to ensure that the central axis of the ultrasonic probes is vertical to the central axis of the standing furnace, the frequency of the ultrasonic waves is 2MHz-5MHz, and the power density is 0.32-0.35W/cm2。
The casting method is characterized in that the adding amount of the aluminum-phosphorus alterant in the step 3) is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the melt.
The casting method according to the above, characterized in that the step 4) casting process: cooling with water at flow rate of 2800 and 3200L/min; the casting speed is 60-120 mm/min.
According to the casting method, the ultrasonic-assisted casting in the step 4) is characterized in that an ultrasonic probe is arranged at a position 400mm away from the ground in the casting well, the axis of the ultrasonic probe is vertical to the axis of the casting rod, the frequency of the ultrasonic is 20KHz-50KHz, and the power density is 0.30W/cm2-0.32W/cm2。
According to the preparation method, the purpose of ultrasonic assistance in the step 1) is to accelerate the melting of silicon in a smelting furnace, and as the pure silicon is known to have a melting point as high as 1400 ℃ and is difficult to melt, ultrasonic assistance is adopted to control the parameters of an ultrasonic probe to be 0.5MHz-1MHz and the power density to be 0.3-0.32W/cm at the initial stage of smelting2Under the parameter, the melting of silicon can be effectively promoted, and a good foundation is laid for the size control of subsequent primary silicon.
According to the preparation method, ultrasonic assistance is adopted in the modification process in the step 3), the main purpose is to utilize the characteristic of high energy of ultrasonic waves to refine and increase nucleation centers of primary crystal silicon in the modification process and increase the number of nucleation centers so as to control the size of the primary crystal silicon, and the ultrasonic parameters adopted in the stage are that the frequency is 2MHz-5MHz, and the power density is 0.32-0.35W/cm2The ultrasonic wave with higher energy can effectively increase nucleation centers, the ultrasonic wave with lower energy can not have obvious effect, and the ultrasonic wave with higher energy can obviously deteriorate the tissue morphology of the alloy.
According to the preparation method, the step 4) of casting is also carried out by adopting ultrasonic assistanceThe manufacturing process is the main process of primary crystal silicon growth, so the most important thing at this moment is to control the growth speed of the primary crystal silicon in the alloy, and the ultrasonic parameters adopted in the process are that the frequency is 20KHz-50KHz, and the power density is 0.30W/cm2-0.32W/cm2The ultrasonic wave under the parameter condition can effectively reduce the growth speed of primary crystal silicon and realize the alloy structure form with composite requirements.
The ultrasonic assistance is a key process in the invention, and the key problem in the casting process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy can be solved by utilizing the ultrasonic assistance process. Firstly, the ultrasonic-assisted melting can completely melt the silicon with higher content in the melting furnace, so that the silicon content in the alloy can reach 33.6 percent at most. Secondly, the key point of controlling the size of the primary crystal silicon is to control the nucleation quantity and the growth speed of the primary crystal silicon, and ultrasonic auxiliary measures are adopted in the modification and casting processes of the alloy, so that on one hand, the nucleation quantity of the primary crystal silicon in the modification process is increased, and more nucleation centers of the primary crystal silicon are provided; on the other hand, in the casting process, an ultrasonic auxiliary measure is adopted, the growth speed of primary crystal silicon in the alloy is reduced, and the combination growth of a plurality of primary crystal silicon is avoided. Therefore, the invention finally realizes the high-quality, low-cost and industrialized production of the high-silicon aluminum alloy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a method for casting a high-silicon aluminum alloy by adopting an ultrasonic auxiliary technology, the quality of the high-silicon aluminum alloy is effectively improved by adopting an ultrasonic auxiliary means, an ideal structural state is obtained, the average size of primary crystal silicon in the obtained high-silicon aluminum alloy is less than 40 mu m, the average size of eutectic crystal silicon is less than 12 mu m, the alloy has excellent mechanical properties, and the high-quality, low-cost and industrialized production of the high-silicon aluminum alloy is finally realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic photograph of an ultrasonically assisted cast high silicon aluminum alloy prepared in the first example.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The high-silicon aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 17.2 to 33.6 percent of silicon, 2.1 to 3.5 percent of copper, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of magnesium, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of manganese, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of iron, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of zinc, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of titanium, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurity elements; wherein the total content of inevitable impurity elements is less than 0.15%. The inevitable impurity elements include: cr and Ni.
A casting method of a high-silicon aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
1) smelting aluminum alloy according to the mass ratio: weighing pure aluminum ingots, cathode copper, pure magnesium ingots, pure silicon particles, and intermediate alloys of aluminum manganese, aluminum iron, aluminum zinc and aluminum titanium according to the weight percentage (wt%); setting the temperature of a smelting furnace to 900-1000 ℃, charging pure aluminum ingots, pure silicon particles, cathode copper, and aluminum-manganese, aluminum-iron, aluminum-zinc and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloys, and controlling the furnace temperature to be 700-820 ℃ after all the materials are melted; installing ultrasonic probes on the periphery of the smelting furnace, wherein the central axis of the ultrasonic probes is perpendicular to the central axis of the smelting furnace, and carrying out ultrasonic-assisted smelting on the melt in the smelting furnace, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic is 0.5MHz-1MHz, and the power density is 0.3-0.32W/cm2Stirring is carried out simultaneously, the stirring frequency is 3 times in total, each stirring time is 15min, the stirring interval is 30min, wherein, slag is removed after the first stirring, then pure magnesium ingots are added, the other two stirring processes are carried out, and ultrasonic-assisted smelting is carried out until the whole stirring process is finished;
2) refining and heating: introducing the melt obtained in the step 1) into a standing furnace for refining, wherein the refining mode is gas refining, the refining agent is argon, the argon flow is 5-10L/min, the refining time is not less than 10min, and the temperature is raised to 825-835 ℃ after refining;
3) ultrasonic-assisted modification treatment: preserving the heat of the melt obtained in the step 2) for 1-3 h, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 825-835 ℃, and after the heat preservation is finished, performing modification treatment on the melt: installing ultrasonic probes on the periphery of the standing furnace, ensuring that the central axis of the ultrasonic probes is vertical to the central axis of the standing furnace, starting the ultrasonic probes to perform ultrasonic-assisted modification on the melt in the standing furnace, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic is 2MHz-5MHz, and the power density is 0.32-0.35W/cm2Simultaneously adding an aluminum-phosphorus alterant, wherein the addition amount of the aluminum-phosphorus alterant is 0.05-0.1 percent of the mass of the melt, and stirring for 20-35 min;
4) casting: standing the melt obtained in the step 3), adding the melt into a casting disc for casting when the temperature of the melt is stabilized to 770-790 ℃, cooling by adopting water in the casting process, and controlling the flow rate of the cooling water to be 2800-; the casting speed is 60-120 mm/min; meanwhile, an ultrasonic probe is arranged at a position 400mm away from the ground of the casting well, the axis of the ultrasonic probe is vertical to the axis of the casting rod, ultrasonic-assisted casting is adopted, the frequency of the ultrasonic is 20KHz-50KHz, and the power density is 0.30W/cm2-0.32W/cm2And finishing the casting process to obtain the high-silicon aluminum alloy cast rod.
The following examples were used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
example one
The high-silicon aluminum alloy in the embodiment comprises the following ingredients in percentage by mass: 17.2% of silicon, 3.5% of copper, 0.3% of magnesium, 0.2% of manganese, 0.08% of iron, 0.35% of zinc, 0.1% of titanium, 0.14% of the total mass percentage of inevitable impurity elements (Ni and Cr), and the balance of aluminum. The high-silicon aluminum alloy material in the embodiment is prepared according to the following steps:
an ultrasonic-assisted high-silicon aluminum alloy casting method comprises the following steps:
1) smelting aluminum alloy according to the mass ratio: and weighing pure aluminum ingot, cathode copper, pure magnesium ingot, pure silicon particles, aluminum manganese, aluminum iron, aluminum zinc and aluminum titanium intermediate alloy according to the weight percentage (wt%). Setting the furnace gas temperature at 900 ℃, charging pure aluminum ingots, pure silicon particles, cathode copper, and aluminum-manganese, aluminum-iron, aluminum-zinc and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloys, and controlling the furnace temperature at 820 ℃ after all the intermediate alloys are melted. Placing an ultrasonic probe around a smelting furnace, wherein the central axis of the ultrasonic probe is perpendicular to the central axis of the smelting furnace, and carrying out ultrasonic-assisted smelting on the melt in the smelting furnace, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic is 0.5MHz, and the power density is 0.32W/cm2. Stirring simultaneously for 3 times, each time for 15min, and stirring at 30min intervals, wherein slagging off is carried out after the first stirring, and thenAnd then adding the pure magnesium ingot, carrying out the other two stirring processes, and carrying out ultrasonic assistance until the stirring process is finished.
2) Refining and heating: and (2) refining the melt obtained in the step 1) by using argon as a gas refining agent, wherein the flow rate of the argon is controlled to be 5L/min. Refining time is 10min, and temperature is raised to 825 ℃ after refining.
3) Ultrasonic-assisted modification treatment: keeping the temperature of the melt obtained in the step 2) for 3 hours at 825 ℃. After the heat preservation process is finished, adding an aluminum phosphorus alterant to carry out alteration treatment on the melt: starting the ultrasonic probe to ensure that the central axis of the ultrasonic probe is vertical to the central axis of the standing furnace, and performing ultrasonic-assisted modification on the melt in the standing furnace, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic is 2MHz, and the power density is 0.35W/cm2(ii) a Meanwhile, adding an aluminum-phosphorus alterant, wherein the adding amount is 0.05 percent of the mass of the melt in the smelting furnace, and stirring for 20 min.
4) Casting: standing the melt after modification obtained in the step 3), adding the melt into a casting disc for casting when the temperature of the melt is stabilized to 770 ℃, cooling by adopting water in the casting process, and controlling the flow rate of the cooling water to 2800L/min; the casting speed is 120 mm/min; meanwhile, ultrasonic-assisted casting is adopted, the ultrasonic probe is arranged at a position 400mm away from the ground of the casting well, the axis of the ultrasonic probe is vertical to the axis of the casting rod, the frequency of the ultrasonic is 20KHz, and the power density is 0.32W/cm2. And after the casting process is finished, obtaining the novel high-silicon aluminum alloy casting rod.
Example two
The high-silicon aluminum alloy in the embodiment comprises the following ingredients in percentage by mass: 25% of silicon, 2.8% of copper, 0.36% of magnesium, 0.15% of manganese, 0.1% of iron, 0.2% of zinc, 0.15% of titanium, 0.13% of inevitable impurity elements (such as Cr and Ni) in percentage by mass, and the balance of aluminum. The high-silicon aluminum alloy material in the embodiment is prepared according to the following steps:
an ultrasonic-assisted high-silicon aluminum alloy casting method comprises the following steps:
1) smelting aluminum alloy according to the mass ratio: weighing pure aluminum ingot, pure silicon particles, cathode copper, pure magnesium ingot, aluminum manganese and aluminum according to the weight percentage (wt%) of the componentsIron, aluminum zinc and aluminum titanium intermediate alloy. Setting the furnace gas temperature at 950 ℃, charging pure aluminum ingots, pure silicon particles, cathode copper, aluminum manganese, aluminum iron, aluminum zinc and aluminum titanium intermediate alloy, and controlling the furnace temperature at 760 ℃ after all the intermediate alloy is melted. Placing an ultrasonic probe around a smelting furnace, wherein the central axis of the ultrasonic probe is perpendicular to the central axis of the smelting furnace, and carrying out ultrasonic-assisted smelting on the melt in the smelting furnace, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic is 0.75MHz, and the power density is 0.31W/cm2. Stirring simultaneously, wherein the stirring frequency is 3 times, each stirring time is 15min, and the stirring interval is 30min, wherein slag is removed after the first stirring, then pure magnesium ingots are added, the other two stirring processes are carried out, and ultrasonic assistance is carried out until the stirring process is finished.
2) Refining and heating: and (2) refining the melt obtained in the step 1) by using argon as a gas refining agent, wherein the flow rate of the argon is controlled to be 10L/min. The refining time is 11min, and the temperature is raised to 828 ℃ after refining.
3) Ultrasonic-assisted modification treatment: keeping the temperature of the melt obtained in the step 2) for 2 hours at 828 ℃. After the heat preservation process is finished, adding an aluminum phosphorus alterant to carry out alteration treatment on the melt: starting the ultrasonic probe to ensure that the central axis of the ultrasonic probe is vertical to the central axis of the standing furnace, and performing ultrasonic-assisted modification on the melt in the standing furnace, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic is 3.5MHz, and the power density is 0.33W/cm2(ii) a Meanwhile, adding an aluminum-phosphorus alterant, wherein the adding amount is 0.075 percent of the mass of the melt in the smelting furnace, and stirring for 28 min.
4) Casting: standing the deteriorated melt obtained in the step 3), adding the melt into a casting disc for casting when the temperature of the melt is stabilized to 780 ℃, cooling by adopting water in the casting process, and controlling the flow rate of cooling water to be 3200L/min; the casting speed is 60 mm/min; meanwhile, ultrasonic-assisted casting is adopted, the ultrasonic probe is arranged at a position 400mm away from the ground of the casting well, the axis of the ultrasonic probe is vertical to the axis of the casting rod, the frequency of the ultrasonic is 35KHz, and the power density is 0.31W/cm2. And after the casting process is finished, obtaining the novel high-silicon aluminum alloy casting rod.
EXAMPLE III
The high-silicon aluminum alloy in the embodiment comprises the following ingredients in percentage by mass: 33.6 percent of silicon, 2.1 percent of copper, 0.45 percent of magnesium, 0.1 percent of manganese, 0.12 percent of iron, 0.15 percent of zinc, 0.2 percent of titanium, 0.12 percent of the total mass percent of inevitable impurity elements (such as Cr, Ni and the like), and the balance of aluminum. The high-silicon aluminum alloy material in the embodiment is prepared according to the following steps:
an ultrasonic-assisted high silicon aluminum alloy casting method, comprising the steps of:
1) smelting aluminum alloy according to the mass ratio: and weighing pure aluminum ingot, cathode copper, pure magnesium ingot, pure silicon particles, and intermediate alloy of aluminum manganese, aluminum zinc, aluminum iron and aluminum titanium according to the weight percentage (wt%). Setting the furnace gas temperature to 1000 ℃, charging pure aluminum ingots, pure silicon particles, cathode copper, aluminum manganese, aluminum iron, aluminum zinc and aluminum titanium intermediate alloy, and controlling the furnace temperature to 700 ℃ after all the intermediate alloy is melted. Placing an ultrasonic probe around a smelting furnace, wherein the central axis of the ultrasonic probe is perpendicular to the central axis of the smelting furnace, and carrying out ultrasonic-assisted smelting on the melt in the smelting furnace, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic is 1MHz, and the power density is 0.3W/cm2. Stirring simultaneously, wherein the stirring frequency is 3 times, each stirring time is 15min, and the stirring interval is 30min, wherein slag is removed after the first stirring, then pure magnesium ingots are added, the other two stirring processes are carried out, and ultrasonic assistance is carried out until the stirring process is finished.
2) Refining and heating: and (2) refining the melt obtained in the step 1) by using argon as a gas refining agent, wherein the flow rate of the argon is controlled to be 7.5L/min. The refining time is 15min, and the temperature is raised to 835 ℃ after refining.
3) Ultrasonic-assisted modification treatment: keeping the temperature of the melt obtained in the step 2) for 1h, wherein the temperature is 835 ℃. After the heat preservation process is finished, adding an aluminum phosphorus alterant to carry out alteration treatment on the melt: starting the ultrasonic probe to ensure that the central axis of the ultrasonic probe is vertical to the central axis of the standing furnace, and performing ultrasonic-assisted modification on the melt in the standing furnace, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic is 5MHz, and the power density is 0.32W/cm2(ii) a Meanwhile, adding an aluminum-phosphorus alterant, wherein the adding amount is 0.1 percent of the mass of the melt in the smelting furnace, and stirring for 35 min.
4) Casting: modifying the obtained product in step 3)Standing the melt, adding the melt into a casting tray for casting when the temperature of the melt is stabilized to 790 ℃, cooling by adopting water in the casting process, and controlling the flow rate of the cooling water to be 3000L/min; the casting speed is 90 mm/min; meanwhile, ultrasonic-assisted casting is adopted, the ultrasonic probe is arranged at a position 400mm away from the ground of the casting well, the axis of the ultrasonic probe is vertical to the axis of the casting rod, the frequency of the ultrasonic is 50KHz, and the power density is 0.30/cm2And after the casting process is finished, obtaining the novel high-silicon aluminum alloy casting rod.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the average size of primary silicon in the structural photograph of the high-silicon aluminum alloy cast by ultrasonic assistance is lower than 40 μm, and the size of eutectic silicon is also lower than 12 μm, which shows that the high-quality casting of the high-silicon aluminum alloy can be realized by ultrasonic assistance.
Comparative example one: different from the first embodiment, the ultrasonic-assisted melting is not adopted in the step 1), and the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Comparative example two: different from the first embodiment, the ultrasonic-assisted modification is not adopted in the step 3), and the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
Comparative example three: different from the first embodiment, the ultrasonic-assisted casting is not adopted in the step 4), and the rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The following table shows that the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy materials prepared in the first to third examples of the invention and the first to third comparative examples are compared with the average sizes of the primary crystal silicon and the eutectic silicon, and the results are as follows:
the average size of the primary silicon of the high-silicon aluminum alloy obtained in the first embodiment and the third embodiment is lower than 40 microns, the average size of the eutectic silicon is lower than 12 microns, the mechanical properties are all higher than 200MPa, even in the first embodiment, the tensile strength of the high-silicon aluminum alloy is as high as 320MPa, and therefore the method can realize the industrial production of the high-quality high-silicon aluminum alloy. Compared with the first embodiment, the first embodiment does not adopt ultrasonic-assisted alloy melting, and the preparation result shows that: the melting point of silicon is high in the melting process and is difficult to melt, and if ultrasonic-assisted melting is adopted, the melting effect of silicon is not ideal, so that the size of primary crystal silicon in the alloy for subsequent casting is large, and the mechanical property is remarkably reduced. Compared with the first embodiment, the second embodiment does not adopt ultrasonic auxiliary treatment in the modification process of the high-silicon aluminum alloy, and the test result shows that: the average size of primary crystal silicon of the high-silicon aluminum alloy is as high as 90 mu m, and the average size of eutectic silicon is as high as 20 mu m, which shows that in the modification process, because an ultrasonic auxiliary means is not adopted, the nucleation number of the primary crystal silicon and the eutectic silicon is sharply reduced, so that the alloy structure does not reach an ideal state, and the tensile strength of the high-silicon aluminum alloy is reduced to 160 MPa. Compared with the first embodiment, the third embodiment adopts an ultrasonic auxiliary means in the casting process, and the test result shows that: the ultrasonic auxiliary means in the casting process is also very important, the growth speed of primary crystal silicon and eutectic silicon in the alloy can be effectively inhibited, and the size of the primary crystal silicon in the subsequent alloy structure is larger than 75 micrometers, the size of the eutectic silicon is larger than 35 micrometers, and the tensile strength of the material is reduced to 120MPa because the three comparative examples are not assisted by ultrasonic. The comparison result shows that the ultrasonic assistance is very favorable for casting the high-silicon aluminum alloy, can effectively promote the melting of silicon, increase the nucleation quantity of eutectic silicon and primary crystal silicon, reduce the growth speed of the primary crystal silicon and the eutectic silicon, and realize the high-quality, low-cost and industrialized production of the high-silicon aluminum alloy.
In addition, the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. It should be noted that other equivalent modifications can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the teachings of the present invention, and all such modifications can be made as are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The high-silicon aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 17.2 to 33.6 percent of silicon, 2.1 to 3.5 percent of copper, 0.3 to 0.45 percent of magnesium, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of manganese, 0.08 to 0.12 percent of iron, 0.15 to 0.35 percent of zinc, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of titanium, and the balance of aluminum and inevitable impurity elements; wherein the total content of inevitable impurity elements is less than 0.15%.
2. A method of casting the high silicon aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the method steps comprise:
1) smelting aluminum alloy according to the mass ratio: weighing pure aluminum ingots, cathode copper, pure magnesium ingots, pure silicon particles, and intermediate alloys of aluminum manganese, aluminum iron, aluminum zinc and aluminum titanium according to the weight percentage (wt%); setting the temperature of a smelting furnace to 900-1000 ℃, charging pure aluminum ingots, pure silicon particles, cathode copper, and aluminum-manganese, aluminum-iron, aluminum-zinc and aluminum-titanium intermediate alloys, and controlling the furnace temperature to be 700-820 ℃ after all the materials are melted; carrying out ultrasonic-assisted smelting on the melt in the smelting furnace, stirring simultaneously, wherein the stirring times are 3 times in total, wherein slagging off is carried out after the first stirring, then, pure magnesium ingots are added, and then, the other two stirring processes are carried out, and the ultrasonic-assisted smelting is carried out until the stirring process is finished;
2) refining and heating: introducing the melt obtained in the step 1) into a standing furnace, introducing argon for refining for not less than 10min, and raising the temperature to 825-835 ℃ after refining;
3) ultrasonic-assisted modification treatment: preserving the heat of the melt obtained in the step 2) for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of 825 to 835 ℃, after the heat preservation is finished, performing ultrasonic-assisted modification on the melt in a standing furnace, adding an aluminum-phosphorus modifier, and stirring for 20 to 35 minutes;
4) casting: and (3) standing the melt obtained in the step 3), adding the melt into a casting disc for casting while adopting ultrasonic-assisted casting when the melt temperature is stabilized to 770-790 ℃, and obtaining the high-silicon aluminum alloy cast rod after the casting process is finished.
3. The casting method according to claim 2, wherein the step 1) of ultrasonic-assisted melting is to place an ultrasonic probe around the melting furnace, and the ultrasonic probe is used for ultrasonic-assisted meltingThe central axis of the head is vertical to the central axis of the smelting furnace, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 0.5MHz-1MHz, and the power density is 0.3-0.32W/cm2。
4. The casting method according to claim 2, wherein the stirring time in step 1) is 15min each time, and the stirring interval is 30 min.
5. The casting method according to claim 2, wherein the argon flow in the step 2) is 5 to 10L/min.
6. The casting method according to claim 2, wherein the step 3) of ultrasonic-assisted modification is to arrange ultrasonic probes around the standing furnace, wherein the central axis of the ultrasonic probes is perpendicular to the central axis of the standing furnace, the frequency of the ultrasonic waves is 2MHz-5MHz, and the power density is 0.32-0.35W/cm2。
7. The casting method according to claim 2, wherein the aluminum-phosphorus modifier of step 3) is added in an amount of 0.05 to 0.1% by mass of the melt.
8. The casting method according to claim 2, wherein the step 4) casting process: cooling with water at flow rate of 2800 and 3200L/min; the casting speed is 60-120 mm/min.
9. The casting method according to claim 2, wherein the step 4) ultrasonic-assisted casting is implemented by installing an ultrasonic probe at a position 400mm away from the ground surface of the casting well, wherein the axis of the ultrasonic probe is perpendicular to the axis of the casting rod, the frequency of the ultrasonic is 20KHz-50KHz, and the power density is 0.30W/cm2-0.32W/cm2。
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