CN111254274A - Grain refinement method for ferrite superalloy ring piece - Google Patents
Grain refinement method for ferrite superalloy ring piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN111254274A CN111254274A CN202010124265.8A CN202010124265A CN111254274A CN 111254274 A CN111254274 A CN 111254274A CN 202010124265 A CN202010124265 A CN 202010124265A CN 111254274 A CN111254274 A CN 111254274A
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- temperature
- forging
- ingot
- ferritic
- ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
- B21K1/761—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a grain refining method for a ferrite superalloy ring piece, which belongs to the technical field of a superalloy forging process, and the technical scheme is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, heating: putting the ingot into a furnace, then raising the temperature to 850-1230 ℃, and preserving the temperature for a period of time, then raising the temperature to 1180-1230 ℃; s2, forging: upsetting a ferrite high-temperature cast ingot, punching the cast ingot, and finally carrying out trestle reaming on the cast ingot; s3, hot material returning: putting the cast ingot into a furnace for heating, and preserving heat for a period of time; s4, ring rolling: rolling the ring to a preset size; s5, cooling: cooling the forging to room temperature after forging; s6, solution heat treatment: heating the forging, and then rapidly cooling the forging to room temperature; s7, checking the grain size: the method has the advantages of improving the rolling temperature, reducing the deformation resistance of the material, reducing the requirement on the equipment capacity and realizing the grain refinement of the ferrite high-temperature alloy ring piece.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature alloy forging processes, in particular to a grain refining method for a ferrite high-temperature alloy ring piece.
Background
The high-temperature alloy is a metal material which takes iron, nickel and cobalt as the base and can work for a long time at the high temperature of more than 600 ℃ under the action of certain stress; and has high-temperature strength, good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, good fatigue performance, good fracture toughness and other comprehensive properties. The high-temperature alloy is a single austenite structure and has good structure stability and use reliability at various temperatures. Based on the performance characteristics, the high-temperature alloy has higher alloying degree, is also called as super alloy, and is an important material widely applied to aviation, aerospace, petroleum, chemical industry and ships. The high-temperature alloy is divided into iron-based, nickel-based, cobalt-based and other high-temperature alloys according to matrix elements, plays a special important role in the whole high-temperature alloy field, and is widely used for manufacturing the hottest end parts of aviation jet engines and various industrial gas turbines.
At present, due to the interference of various external factors such as personnel, equipment, environment and the like, the ferrite superalloy is forged, the rolling force is large during low-temperature rolling, when the equipment cannot meet the requirements, coarse crystals and mixed crystals are easy to appear, in the production process, the production procedures are more, the requirements on the equipment capacity are higher, the production efficiency is lower, and the product is not easy to be qualified.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a grain refining method for a ferritic high-temperature alloy ring piece, which has the advantages of improving the rolling temperature, reducing the deformation resistance of materials, reducing the requirement on equipment capacity, realizing grain refining of the ferritic high-temperature alloy ring piece and solving the problems of coarse grains and mixed grains of the ferritic high-temperature alloy.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a grain refining method for a ferritic high-temperature alloy ring piece is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps: s1, heating: putting the ferrite high-temperature ingot into a furnace, then raising the temperature to 850-DEG C-900 ℃ and preserving the heat for a period of time, then raising the temperature to 1180-DEG C-1230 ℃ and preserving the heat for a period of time; s2, forging: upsetting a ferrite high-temperature cast ingot, punching the cast ingot, and finally carrying out trestle reaming on the cast ingot; s3, hot material returning: putting the forged ferrite high-temperature ingot into the furnace again, heating to 1180-1230 ℃, and preserving heat for a period of time; s4, ring rolling: rolling the ring to a preset size; s5, cooling: after forging, rapidly cooling the forging to room temperature; s6, solution heat treatment: heating the forging to 1180-1230 ℃, and then rapidly cooling the forging to room temperature; s7, checking the grain size: and selecting a forging pattern, shooting a metallographic image of the pattern by using an electron microscope, and determining the grain size of the forging by observing the metallographic image.
Further, in the step 1, the initial temperature of the ferrite high-temperature ingot is less than or equal to 400 ℃.
Further, in the step 1, the ferrite high-temperature ingot is heated to 850-.
Further, in the step 1, the ferrite high-temperature ingot is heated to 1180-1230 ℃ within 3-4 hours, and then heat preservation is carried out, wherein the heat preservation time is 5-7 hours.
Further, in the step 3, the heat preservation time of the furnace returning is 2-3 h.
Further, in step 5, the forging is cooled to room temperature by using a water cooling mode.
Further, in step 2, during the reaming of the trestle, the reaming size is phi 400 × phi 260 × 300.
Further, in step 4, the preset size of the rolling ring of the forging is phi 600 x phi 517 x 300.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. under the condition of high temperature (1230-1280 ℃), crystal grains of the ferritic high-temperature alloy can grow rapidly, and the method of forging, punching and high-temperature large-deformation ring rolling is adopted to cause the crystal grains of the ferritic high-temperature alloy to deform greatly under the condition of high temperature (1180-1230 ℃), so that the crystal grains of the ferritic high-temperature alloy can be crushed fully, not only can the crystal grains be refined, but also the crystal grains are very uniform, and the situations of coarse grains and mixed grains can not occur;
2. after the forge piece hot material is returned to the furnace and is insulated for a period of time, the forge piece is discharged from the furnace and is subjected to trestle reaming, and after the forge piece is again returned to the furnace and is insulated for a period of time, the forge piece is discharged from the furnace and is subjected to ring rolling, so that the forge piece is heated and forged for a plurality of times, and the crystal tissue is broken for a plurality of times in the process, thereby being beneficial to further refining the crystal tissue and improving the quality of.
3. The forging equipment with larger rolling force is not needed, which means that the requirement on the forging equipment is low, thereby being beneficial to reducing the equipment cost and improving the economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the steps of a grain refining method for a ferritic superalloy ring.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In which like parts are designated by like reference numerals. It should be noted that the terms "front," "back," "left," "right," "upper" and "lower" used in the following description refer to directions in the drawings, and the terms "bottom" and "top," "inner" and "outer" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of a particular component.
Example (b): a grain refining method for a ferritic high-temperature alloy ring piece is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
s1, heating: and putting the ferrite high-temperature ingot into a furnace, ensuring that the initial temperature of the ferrite high-temperature ingot is less than or equal to 400 ℃, then heating the ferrite high-temperature ingot to 850-1230 ℃ within 5-7 h, then heating the ferrite high-temperature ingot to 1180-1230 ℃ within 3-4 h, and then carrying out heat preservation, wherein the heat preservation time is 5-7 h.
Each heating process needs to be carried out for a period of time, so as to ensure that the crystal structure is more thoroughly refined and transformed.
Under the temperature condition of 850-900 ℃, interstitial solid solution of carbon dissolved in α -Fe is called ferrite, the ferrite is a body-centered cubic lattice structure, the lattice interstitial is small, and when heat treatment is carried out in the temperature range of 1180-1230 ℃, carbon is gradually dissolved into the lattice interstitial, so that the crystal structure is further refined, the problems of coarse crystal and mixed crystal of the large-scale ferrite superalloy ring piece are solved, and the mechanical property of the large-scale ferrite superalloy is improved.
In the heating process, the temperature needs to be lower than 1394 ℃, and ferrite above 1394 ℃ is converted into a delta solid solution, so that the deformability of the crystal itself is reduced, the hardness is increased, and the subsequent forging process is difficult.
S2, forging: upsetting a ferrite high-temperature cast ingot, punching the cast ingot, and finally carrying out trestle reaming on the cast ingot, wherein the reaming size is phi 400 multiplied by phi 260 multiplied by 300.
S3, hot material returning: and (3) putting the forged ferrite high-temperature ingot into the furnace again, heating to 1180-1230 ℃, and preserving the heat for a period of time, wherein the range of the heat preservation time is 2-3 h.
After the ingot is forged, the ingot is influenced by external force, and part of crystal structure change is inevitably caused. Therefore, the melting is carried out again, the further refinement of the crystal structure is ensured, and the coarse crystals and the mixed crystals are eliminated.
S4, ring rolling: and rolling the ring to a preset size, wherein the preset size of the rolled ring of the forging is phi 600 multiplied by phi 517 multiplied by 300. The rolling process meets the condition that the strain quantity epsilon min of each part of the ring is more than or equal to 0.85 at high temperature (1180-1230 ℃), and coarse crystals and mixed crystals caused by rolling are avoided.
S5, cooling: and cooling the forging to room temperature by using a water cooling mode after forging.
S6, solution heat treatment: the forging is heated to 1180-1230 ℃, and then the forging is rapidly cooled to room temperature. The solid solution treatment enables carbide in steel to be dissolved when the steel is heated at high temperature, carbon can enter gaps of crystals, high-temperature tissues are fixed at room temperature to obtain supersaturated austenite, and the supersaturated austenite has good corrosion resistance, so that the corrosion resistance of the forged piece is improved.
During the solution treatment, the carbon content of the forging is increased along with the dissolution of carbides, so that the hardness of the forging is reduced, the plasticity and the toughness are increased, and the deformation processing performance is improved. The condition of over high temperature (more than 1394 ℃) is avoided, and the phenomenon that a delta solid solution is caused to cause the hardening of a forged piece and influence on the deformation processing performance is avoided.
S7, checking the grain size: selecting leftover materials of the forge piece, shooting a metallographic image of the pattern by using an electron microscope, and determining the grain size of the forge piece by observing the metallographic image, wherein the grain size of the forge piece processed by the process is 6-7 grade.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A grain refinement method for a ferritic high-temperature alloy ring piece is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, heating: putting the ferrite high-temperature ingot into a furnace, then raising the temperature to 850-DEG C-900 ℃ and preserving the heat for a period of time, then raising the temperature to 1180-DEG C-1230 ℃ and preserving the heat for a period of time;
s2, forging: upsetting a ferrite high-temperature cast ingot, punching the cast ingot, and finally carrying out trestle reaming on the cast ingot;
s3, hot material returning: putting the forged ferrite high-temperature ingot into the furnace again, heating to 1180-1230 ℃, and preserving heat for a period of time;
s4, ring rolling: rolling the ring to a preset size;
s5, cooling: after forging, rapidly cooling the forging to room temperature;
s6, solution heat treatment: heating the forging to 1180-1230 ℃, and then rapidly cooling the forging to room temperature;
s7, checking the grain size: and selecting a forging pattern, shooting a metallographic image of the pattern by using an electron microscope, and determining the grain size of the forging by observing the metallographic image.
2. The method for grain refinement of a ferritic superalloy ring according to claim 1, wherein: in step 1, the initial temperature of the ferrite high-temperature ingot is less than or equal to 400 ℃.
3. The method for grain refinement of a ferritic superalloy ring according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the ferrite high-temperature ingot is heated to 850-.
4. The method for grain refinement of a ferritic superalloy ring according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1, the ferrite high-temperature ingot is heated to 1180-1230 ℃ within 3-4 hours, and then heat preservation is carried out, wherein the heat preservation time is 5-7 hours.
5. The method for grain refinement of a ferritic superalloy ring according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 3, the heat preservation time of the furnace returning is 2-3 h.
6. The method for grain refinement of a ferritic superalloy ring according to claim 1, wherein: in step 5, the forging is cooled to room temperature by using a water cooling mode.
7. The method for grain refinement of a ferritic superalloy ring according to claim 1, wherein: in step 2, the reaming size is Φ 400 × Φ 260 × 300 during the trestle reaming.
8. The method for grain refinement of a ferritic superalloy ring according to claim 1, wherein: in step 4, the preset size of the rolling ring of the forging is phi 600 multiplied by phi 517 multiplied by 300.
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| CN202010124265.8A CN111254274A (en) | 2020-02-27 | 2020-02-27 | Grain refinement method for ferrite superalloy ring piece |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113967718A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-25 | 重庆新承航锐科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving grain size of ferrite stainless steel annular forging |
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| CN109822024A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-05-31 | 无锡派克新材料科技股份有限公司 | A kind of forging and heat treatment process of 750 DEG C of grades high temperature alloy forging |
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2020
- 2020-02-27 CN CN202010124265.8A patent/CN111254274A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104148550A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-11-19 | 贵州安大航空锻造有限责任公司 | Method for rolling iron-based high temperature alloy rectangular ring blank to form special-shaped thin wall ring piece |
| CN104550586A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-29 | 贵州安大航空锻造有限责任公司 | Rolling and forming method for iron-based high-temperature alloy thick-walled ring forging |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113967718A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-01-25 | 重庆新承航锐科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving grain size of ferrite stainless steel annular forging |
| CN113967718B (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2024-03-12 | 重庆新承航锐科技股份有限公司 | Method for improving grain size of ferrite stainless steel annular forging |
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