CN111248036A - Salt-isolated row-combining planting method for potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Salt-isolated row-combining planting method for potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fruit tree planting method in coastal saline-alkali soil, in particular to a salt-isolated row planting method for red-heart pitaya potted plants in coastal saline-alkali soil. Comprises the steps of selecting land and building frames, planting in a salt-isolated manner, assisting in planting of support frames, managing water and fertilizer and pruning. The method can increase the planting density of the red-heart pitaya from 400-600 plants/666.7 m2 of the traditional columnar planting to 600-1000 plants/666.7 m2, the prepared pot soil can provide a good salt isolation environment for root growth of the pitaya, and meanwhile, the arrangement of the whole support frames in parallel greatly improves the planting efficiency and benefit of the pitaya in the coastal saline-alkali soil, and the average yield of the red-heart pitaya in the full bearing period can be improved by 0.5-1.5 times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fruit tree planting method in coastal saline-alkali soil, in particular to a salt-isolated row planting method for red-heart pitaya potted plants in coastal saline-alkali soil.
Background
The pitaya belongs to the family of cactaceae and the genus trigonella, is a tropical and subtropical fruit, contains vegetable albumin, rich vitamins and water-soluble dietary fibers, integrates fruits, flowers, vegetables and health care into a whole, and has high economic value. The red-core pitaya is rich in anthocyanin, has the effects of resisting oxidation, free radicals and aging, has higher fruit sweetness and market price which is far higher than that of the common red-skin white-core pitaya, and is becoming the dominant variety for cultivating the current pitaya.
The red-core pitaya has the characteristics of light preference, yin tolerance, heat resistance, drought tolerance, fast growth, long fruit picking period, high sweetness, strong disease resistance and the like. After the cultivation is introduced from Taiwan province of China to Hainan, Guangdong and Fujian, the cultivation method can be suitable for various types of soil, and can be used for cultivation in paddy fields, dry lands and gentle slopes, but the weak acid and neutral soil with high organic matter content, good water and fertilizer retention and good drainage is the best. In recent years, coastal saline-alkali wastelands in coastal areas of Fujian province and coastal areas start to be cultivated sporadically, but due to poor soil, high salt content, high pH value, serious hardening and the like, the traditional column type cultivation method is added, so that the land utilization rate and the output rate of saline-alkali soil are low, and the planting income of the pitaya in the saline-alkali soil is directly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a salt-isolated row planting method for red-heart pitaya pots in coastal saline-alkali soil, which can improve the planting yield of the pitaya in the coastal saline-alkali soil.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention relates to a salt-isolated row-combination planting method of a red-heart pitaya pot in coastal saline-alkali soil, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land and building a frame: selecting land, ditching, and then building a row type support;
(2) planting in a salt-isolated manner: burying the planting buckets filled with the pot soil into the soil, wherein the buckets are 10-20 cm higher than the ground, arranging 2-3 planting buckets among the supports, and then transplanting and planting;
(3) planting assistance: supporting the dragon fruit plants by using a support frame;
(4) managing water and fertilizer;
(5) pruning and trimming.
Further:
and (3) transplanting seedlings and field planting: selecting dragon fruit seedlings with good growth vigor, no diseases and insect pests and 4-6 cm root length, planting in 10 months to 3 months of the next year, transplanting 3-4 fruit seedlings to a planting bucket, digging 5-10 cm shallow holes for planting, and covering surface soil.
The supporting frame comprises a hollow upright post, a supporting ring and a plurality of supporting ropes, wherein a plurality of through holes are formed in the side surface of the upright post, and basin soil is filled in the hollow structure of the upright post; the support ring is fixed at the top of the upright post, and the support rope is erected above the support ring and is vertical to the row type support; the top of stand with the top of planting the bucket is equipped with two pipes that fertilize respectively, goes up the pipe and fertilizes the pipe promptly and fertilizes down, and two pipes that fertilize intersect in same water-soluble fertile import, the top cavity position of stand is located to the dripper of going up the pipe that fertilizes, the dripper of the pipe that fertilizes down is located and plants bucket top opening part.
Furthermore, a cross-shaped iron frame is arranged in the support ring, or a flower-shaped iron frame is arranged outside the support ring.
Furthermore, the support frame further comprises a support pipe erected right above the upright column and parallel to the support ropes, the support ropes are distributed to two sides of the support pipe respectively, and the distance between the two sides of the support pipe and the central support pipe is 10-20 cm.
The row spacing of the salt-isolated dragon fruits is 2-2.5 m, and the barrel spacing is 1.5-1.8 m.
The planting barrel is 40-50 cm in diameter of the top, 30-40 cm in diameter of the bottom, 40-50 cm in depth and perforated at the bottom.
Furthermore, the holes at the bottom of the planting barrel are arranged at intervals on the circumference.
Preparing the pot soil: uniformly mixing 5-6 parts of laterite, 3-4 parts of fermented and decomposed manure and 1 part of coarse river sand, covering with a film, stacking for 10-20 days, and then adjusting the pH value to 5.5-7.
The selective building frame comprises the following steps: the coastal saline-alkali land with good ventilation and sunny exposure, good drainage performance and high topography is selected as a pitaya planting land, and an annular ditch with the width of 50-60 cm and the depth of 30-40 cm is excavated.
The invention has the following advantages: the method can increase the planting density of the red-heart pitaya from 400-600 plants/666.7 m2 of the traditional columnar planting to 600-1000 plants/666.7 m2, the prepared pot soil can provide a good salt isolation environment for root growth of the pitaya, and meanwhile, the arrangement of the whole support frames in parallel greatly improves the planting efficiency and benefit of the pitaya in the coastal saline-alkali soil, and the average yield of the red-heart pitaya in the full bearing period can be improved by 0.5-1.5 times.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1 planting bucket, 11 holes, 2 columns, 3 cross-shaped iron frames, 4 support rings, 5 iron pipes, 6 steel wire ropes or nylon wires, 7 upper fertilizing pipes, 71 upper fertilizing pipe drippers, 8 lower fertilizing pipes and 81 lower fertilizing pipe drippers.
Detailed Description
A salt-isolated row-combining planting method for potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a container: the pitaya is a shallow root system fruit tree without main roots, the root system growth depth is about 30cm, a thickened rubber barrel 1 with the top diameter of 40-50 cm, the bottom diameter of 30-40 cm and the depth of 40-50 cm is selected, and the bottom is punched 11. Soaking for several hours in clear water or showering for 1-2 days by rain before planting to remove residual impurities on the barrel wall so as to avoid influencing the growth of root systems;
(2) preparing pot soil: selecting red loam, fermented and decomposed manure soil and the like, uniformly mixing 5-6 parts of red loam, 3-4 parts of manure soil and 1 part of coarse river sand, laminating and stacking for about half a month, and adjusting the pH value to 5.5-7;
(3) selecting land and building a frame: the method comprises the steps of selecting coastal saline-alkali soil with good ventilation and sunny exposure, good drainage performance and high terrain as a pitaya planting field, excavating an annular ditch with the width of 50-60 cm and the depth of 30-40 cm, and building a row-connected type support, wherein the support is a plurality of inverted U-shaped base frames 10 or triangular support frames (the support frames are arranged at intervals of 2-3 rubber barrels). And (3) burying the rubber barrel in the soil in the step (1), wherein the vertical barrel is 10-20 cm higher than the ground so as to prevent the roots from being soaked by rainwater or irrigated by saline-alkali water in spring, summer and rainy seasons. The punched hollow PVC supporting tube (upright post 2) is inserted into the bottom of the rubber barrel 1, the top of the upright post 2 is sleeved with a cross-shaped iron frame 3, and the PVC tube sleeve heads of 1 waste tire are fixed outside the iron frame to form a supporting ring 4 so as to support the climbing edge of the dragon fruit branches. Meanwhile, the upright post 2 is punched to promote the growth of air roots of the dragon fruits to pot soil in the supporting pipe through the holes, so that the fixation of the root system is enhanced, and the water and fertilizer absorption is promoted. In order to increase the planting density of the dragon fruits, improve the supporting force of the fleshy stems of the dragon fruits in the full bearing period and prevent the fleshy stems from being broken by strong wind, the iron pipes 5 are used for stringing the row type supports 10 at the center of the top end of the upright post 2, and 1-2 steel wire ropes or nylon wires 6 are respectively pulled at the positions 10-20 cm away from the center of two sides to form a row type planting mode. The whole built iron pipe and the whole built PVC pipe are durable and convenient to disassemble and assemble, as shown in figure 1.
(4) Transplanting seedlings and field planting: and (3) selecting dragon fruit seedlings which are good in growth vigor, free of diseases and insect pests and 4-6 cm long in root length, and planting in 3-11 months every year. Firstly, filling the pot soil in the step (2) with a rubber barrel and a PVC supporting tube, transplanting 3-4 fruit seedlings to the rubber barrel, digging 5-10 cm shallow holes for planting, covering surface soil, finishing tree trays, and binding the fruit seedlings and the supporting tube together by using a cloth rope to enable the dragon fruit seedlings to grow upwards along the tube. The row spacing of the salt-isolated dragon fruits is 2-2.5 m, and the barrel spacing is 1.5-1.8 m;
(5) and (3) water and fertilizer management: after the dragon fruit seedlings are planted, enough root fixing water is poured. Then, watering the young trees for 1 time every 5-7 days. The fruit bearing trees adopt a water and fertilizer integration technology, and water is poured for 1 time at intervals of 2-4 days in the high-temperature full bearing period in summer, 5-7 days in the reproductive growth period in spring and autumn and 7-10 days in the later fruit period in winter. After the dragon fruit seedlings survive for 2 months, applying commercial organic fertilizer with the dosage of 1-3 kg in each barrel, and then applying for 1 time every 3-4 months. The organic fertilizer is applied in a barrel of fruit trees in a dosage of 2-5 kg in 12 months each year, weak-acid water-soluble fertilizer is mainly applied along with water drop irrigation in the topdressing process, high-nitrogen high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer is mainly applied in the vegetative growth period, high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is mainly applied in the reproductive growth period, foliar fertilizer is supplemented in the flower and fruit period, and flower thinning, fruit thinning and pest control are well carried out; drip irrigation and adopt the fertilization pipe, be located the top of stand 2 and the top of rubber bucket 1 respectively, fertilize pipe 7 and fertilize pipe 8 down promptly, two fertilization pipes intersect in same water-soluble fertile import, the top cavity position of stand 2 is located to the dripper 71 of going up fertilization pipe 7, the dripper 71 of fertilization pipe 8 is located and plants 1 top opening part down.
(6) Pruning: the dragon fruit pruning is generally carried out in winter and spring, a young tree is reserved with a strong branch growing upwards, the young tree is climbed to the top of a PVC pipe and then is maintained to grow on a single branch, a main branch is bound on the PVC pipe through a cloth rope, the head of the young tree is removed after the young tree grows to be 30cm away from the top of a cross-shaped frame of the PVC pipe, branches are promoted, the branches are guided to naturally droop and grow through a disc and a cross rod, and 1-3 strong branches are reserved on each branch according to growth conditions. Thinning all newly germinated buds of the fruiting tree in spring, and promoting branches to enter a flowering and fruiting period as early as possible; pruning branches which are backlighted, have diseases, have a lot of fruits but are aged or are dragged to the ground surface by fruits in winter.
Preferably, 4-6 holes are punched at the bottom of the rubber barrel in the step (1), and the diameter of each hole is 3-4 cm.
Preferably, the salt content of the coastal saline-alkali soil in the step (3) is 1-4 per mill.
Preferably, in the step (3), the height of the PVC support tube is 160-200 cm, the inner diameter is 11-13 cm, 5-10 holes are punched on each side of the tube wall, and the hole diameter is 1-1.5 cm.
Preferably, in the step (3), the PVC pipe sleeve is 15-20 cm high, the inner diameter is 13-15 cm, 1 hole is formed in each side of the pipe wall, and the diameter of each hole is 1-1.5 cm, so that the PVC pipe can penetrate through an iron pipe to form a cross-shaped iron frame.
Preferably, the organic matter of the commercial organic fertilizer in the step (5) is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the content of N + P2O5+ K2O is 5-8 percent.
Preferably, the pH value of the water-soluble fertilizer in the step (5) is 4.5-6.5.
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided to help those skilled in the art understand the present invention more fully with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
A salt-isolated row-combining planting method for potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a container: selecting a thickened rubber barrel with the top diameter of 40cm, the bottom diameter of 30cm and the depth of 45cm, punching 4 holes at the bottom, wherein the hole diameter is 3cm, and soaking the thickened rubber barrel with pond water for 12 hours before planting;
2) preparing pot soil: selecting red loam, fermented and decomposed manure soil and the like, uniformly mixing 6 parts of red loam, 3 parts of manure soil and 1 part of coarse river sand, laminating and stacking for 13 days, and adjusting the pH value to 6 by using oyster shell powder;
3) selecting land and building a frame: selecting coastal saline-alkali soil with ventilation and sunny exposure, good drainage performance and high terrain and salt content of 4.0 per mill as a pitaya planting field, excavating an annular ditch with the width of 50cm and the depth of 35cm, burying the rubber barrel in the soil in the step (1), and standing the barrel 15cm higher than the ground to prevent rainwater from soaking roots or saline-alkali water from irrigating the roots in spring, summer and rainy seasons. The length of the PVC supporting pipe is 160cm, the inner diameter of the PVC supporting pipe is 11cm, 8 holes are formed in each side of the pipe wall, the diameter of each hole is 1.5cm, and the inner diameter of each supporting ring is 13 cm. Erecting an iron pipe at the center of the top end of the supporting pipe, pulling 1 steel wire rope at the two sides of the iron pipe, which is 15cm away from the center, and supporting the iron pipe by using a plurality of inverted U-shaped iron frames to form a row type planting mode. The iron pipe and the PVC pipe of the whole building frame are durable and convenient to disassemble and assemble;
4) transplanting seedlings and field planting: and (3) selecting dragon fruit seedlings which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests and roots with the length of 5cm, and planting in 3 months. Firstly, filling the pot soil in the step (2) into a rubber barrel and a PVC pipe, transplanting 3 fruit seedlings into the rubber barrel, digging a shallow hole of 7cm for planting, covering surface soil, arranging a tree tray, and binding the fruit seedlings and a support pipe together by using a cloth rope to enable the dragon fruit seedlings to grow upwards along the pipe. The row spacing of the salt-isolated planting dragon fruits is 2m, and the column barrel spacing is 1.5 m;
5) and (3) water and fertilizer management: after the dragon fruit seedlings are planted, enough root fixing water is poured. Thereafter, the saplings were watered 1 time every 5 days. The fruit bearing trees adopt a water and fertilizer integration technology, and water is irrigated for 1 time at intervals of 2 days in the high-temperature full bearing period in summer, 5 days in the reproductive growth period in spring and autumn and 8 days in the later fruit period in winter. After the dragon fruit seedlings survive for 2 months, applying commercial organic fertilizer with the dosage of 2kg in each barrel, and then applying for 1 time every 3 months. The consumption of organic fertilizer in each barrel of the fruiting tree is 3kg, the organic matter of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the N + P2O5+ K2O is 6 percent, and the organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer in 12 months every year. The top dressing mainly comprises water soluble fertilizer and drop irrigation along with water, the high-nitrogen high-phosphorus water soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 4.5 is mainly used in the vegetative growth period, the high-potassium water soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 5.5 is mainly used in the reproductive growth period, the foliar fertilizer is supplemented in the flower and fruit period, and flower thinning, fruit thinning and pest control work are well carried out;
6) pruning: the dragon fruit is trimmed in winter and spring, a young tree is kept with a strong branch growing upwards, the young tree is climbed to the top of a PVC pipe and then is maintained to grow on a single branch, a main branch is bound on the PVC pipe through a cloth rope, the young tree is pinched after growing to the top of a cross-shaped frame of the PVC pipe for 35cm, branches are promoted, the branches are guided to naturally droop and grow through a disc and a cross rod, and 3 strong branches are left on each branch according to the growth condition. Thinning all newly germinated buds of the fruiting tree in spring, and promoting branches to enter a flowering and fruiting period as early as possible; in winter, pruning branches which are backlighted, have diseases, have a lot of fruits but are aged or are dragged to the ground surface by fruits.
Example 2
A salt-isolated row-combining planting method for potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a container: selecting a thickened rubber barrel with the top diameter of 50cm, the bottom diameter of 40cm and the depth of 40cm, punching 6 holes at the bottom, wherein the hole diameter is 3cm, and spraying rainwater for 2 days before planting;
2) preparing pot soil: selecting laterite, fermented and decomposed manure soil and the like, uniformly mixing 5 parts of laterite, 4 parts of manure soil and 1 part of coarse river sand, covering with a film, stacking for 13 days, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5;
3) selecting land and building a frame: selecting coastal saline-alkali soil with ventilation and sunny exposure, good drainage performance and high terrain and salt content of 2.2 per mill as a pitaya planting land, excavating an annular ditch with the width of 60cm and the depth of 35cm, burying the rubber barrel in the soil in the step (1), and standing the barrel 10cm higher than the ground to prevent rainwater from soaking roots or saline-alkali water from irrigating the roots in spring, summer and rain. The length of the supporting tube is 180cm, the inner diameter is 13cm, 10 holes are drilled on each side of the tube wall, the diameter of each hole is 1.5cm, the height of the supporting ring is 20cm, and the inner diameter is 15 cm. Erecting an iron pipe at the center of the top end of the supporting pipe, pulling 2 steel wire ropes at two sides 10cm and 20cm away from the center respectively, and supporting the iron pipe by using a plurality of inverted U-shaped iron frames to form a row type planting mode. The iron pipe and the PVC pipe of the whole building frame are durable and convenient to disassemble and assemble;
4) transplanting seedlings and field planting: and (3) selecting dragon fruit seedlings which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests and 6cm root length, and planting in 5 months. Firstly, filling the pot soil in the step (2) into a rubber barrel and a PVC pipe, transplanting 4 fruit seedlings into the rubber barrel, digging a 10cm shallow hole for planting, covering surface soil, arranging a tree tray, and binding the fruit seedlings and a support pipe together by using a cloth rope so that the dragon fruit seedlings grow upwards along the pipe. The row spacing of the salt-isolated dragon fruits is 2.2m, and the column barrel spacing is 1.8 m;
5) and (3) water and fertilizer management: after the dragon fruit seedlings are planted, enough root fixing water is poured. Thereafter, the saplings were watered 1 time every 5 days. The fruit bearing trees adopt a water and fertilizer integration technology, and water is irrigated for 1 time at intervals of 3 days in the high-temperature full bearing period in summer, 6 days in the reproductive growth period of spring and autumn and 7 days in the later fruit period in winter. After the dragon fruit seedlings survive for 2 months, applying commercial organic fertilizer with the dosage of 3kg in each barrel, and then applying for 1 time every 4 months. The using amount of organic fertilizer in each barrel of the fruiting tree is 4kg, the organic matter of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the N + P2O5+ K2O is 5 percent, and the organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer in 12 months every year. The top dressing mainly comprises water soluble fertilizer and drop irrigation along with water, the high-nitrogen high-phosphorus water soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 5 is mainly used in the vegetative growth period, the high-potassium water soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 6 is mainly used in the reproductive growth period, the foliar fertilizer is supplemented in the flower and fruit period, and the flower and fruit thinning and pest control work are well carried out;
6) pruning: the dragon fruit is trimmed in winter and spring, a young tree is kept with a strong branch growing upwards, the young tree is climbed to the top of a PVC pipe and then is maintained to grow on a single branch, a main branch is bound on the PVC pipe through a cloth rope, the young tree is pinched after growing to the top of a cross-shaped frame of the PVC pipe for 30cm, branches are promoted, the branches are guided to naturally droop and grow through a disc and a cross rod, and 3 strong branches are left on each branch according to the growth condition. Thinning all newly germinated buds of the fruiting tree in spring, and promoting branches to enter a flowering and fruiting period as early as possible; in winter, pruning branches which are backlighted, have diseases, have a lot of fruits but are aged or are dragged to the ground surface by fruits.
Example 3
A salt-isolated row-combining planting method for potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a container: selecting a thickened rubber barrel with the top diameter of 45cm, the bottom diameter of 40cm and the depth of 45cm, punching 4 holes at the bottom, wherein the hole diameter is 3.5cm, and soaking the thickened rubber barrel with clean water for 6 hours before planting;
2) preparing pot soil: selecting red loam, fermented and decomposed manure soil and the like, uniformly mixing 5.5 parts of red loam, 3.5 parts of manure soil and 1 part of coarse river sand, covering a film, stacking for 18 days, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5;
3) selecting land and building a frame: selecting coastal saline-alkali soil with ventilation and sunny exposure, good drainage performance and high terrain and salt content of 1.3 per mill as a pitaya planting land, excavating an annular ditch with the width of 55cm and the depth of 40cm, burying the rubber barrel in the soil in the step (1), and standing the barrel 10cm higher than the ground to prevent rainwater from soaking roots or saline-alkali water from irrigating the roots in spring, summer and rainy seasons. The PVC supporting pipe is 180cm long, 12cm in inner diameter, 8 holes are formed in each side of the pipe wall, the diameter of each hole is 1cm, the height of the supporting ring is 15cm, and the inner diameter is 14 cm. Erecting an iron pipe at the center of the top end of the supporting pipe, pulling 2 steel wire ropes at two sides 10cm and 20cm away from the center respectively, and supporting the iron pipe by using a plurality of inverted U-shaped iron frames to form a row type planting mode. The iron pipe and the PVC pipe of the whole building frame are durable and convenient to disassemble and assemble;
4) transplanting seedlings and field planting: and (3) selecting dragon fruit seedlings which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests and 7cm root length, and planting at the bottom of 10 months. Firstly, filling the pot soil in the step (2) into a rubber barrel and a PVC pipe, transplanting 4 fruit seedlings into the rubber barrel, digging a 10cm shallow hole for planting, covering surface soil, arranging a tree tray, and binding the fruit seedlings and a support pipe together by using a cloth rope so that the dragon fruit seedlings grow upwards along the pipe. The row spacing of the salt-isolated dragon fruits is 2.5m, and the column barrel spacing is 1.8 m;
5) and (3) water and fertilizer management: after the dragon fruit seedlings are planted, enough root fixing water is poured. Thereafter, the saplings were watered 1 time every 5 days. The fruit bearing trees adopt a water and fertilizer integration technology, and water is irrigated for 1 time at intervals of 3 days in the high-temperature full bearing period in summer, 5 days in the reproductive growth period in spring and autumn and 8 days in the later fruit period in winter. After the dragon fruit seedlings survive for 2 months, applying commercial organic fertilizer with the dosage of 3kg in each barrel, and then applying for 1 time every 4 months. The consumption of organic fertilizer in each barrel of the fruiting tree is 5kg, the organic matter of the organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the N + P2O5+ K2O is 6 percent, and the organic fertilizer is used as base fertilizer in 12 months every year. The top dressing mainly comprises water soluble fertilizer and drop irrigation along with water, the high-nitrogen high-phosphorus water soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 5.5 is mainly used in the vegetative growth period, the high-potassium water soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 6 is mainly used in the reproductive growth period, the foliar fertilizer is supplemented in the flower and fruit period, and flower thinning, fruit thinning and pest control are well carried out;
6) pruning: the dragon fruit is trimmed in winter and spring, a young tree is kept with a strong branch growing upwards, the young tree is climbed to the top of a PVC pipe and then is maintained to grow on a single branch, a main branch is bound on the PVC pipe through a cloth rope, the young tree is pinched after growing to the top of a cross-shaped frame of the PVC pipe for 35cm, branches are promoted, the branches are guided to naturally droop and grow through a disc and a cross rod, and 3 strong branches are left on each branch according to the growth condition. Thinning all newly germinated buds of the fruiting tree in spring, and promoting branches to enter a flowering and fruiting period as early as possible; in winter, pruning branches which are backlighted, have diseases, have a lot of fruits but are aged or are dragged to the ground surface by fruits.
The applicant compares the planting conditions of the red-heart pitaya in the third year full bearing period under the conventional non-salt-barrier column type cultivation in coastal saline-alkali soil, the test group adopts the planting method of the embodiments 1-3, the comparison group adopts the traditional column type cultivation method, each group treats 2 mu, the water and fertilizer management is basically consistent, the relevant indexes are sampled in the planting process, the data are counted, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of salt-isolated row of red-heart pitaya pots in coastal saline-alkali land with conventional columnar planting method
Note: the brix value was measured using a hand-held brix meter.
From the results in table 1, the average planting density, the single fruit weight, the per mu yield and the central sugar degree value of the red heart dragon fruits planted in the coastal saline-alkali soil potted plant in rows at the salt separation are all far higher than those of the conventional non-salt separation column type cultivation mode, and the method is suitable for the coastal saline-alkali soil with higher salt content. Therefore, the salt-isolated row-combination planting method for the red-heart pitaya pot plants in the coastal saline-alkali land can greatly improve the planting density, yield and taste of the pitaya, and can effectively prevent salt damage.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A salt-isolated row-combining planting method for potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land and building a frame: selecting land, ditching, and then building a row type support;
(2) planting in a salt-isolated manner: burying the planting buckets filled with the pot soil into the soil, wherein the buckets are 10-20 cm higher than the ground, arranging 2-3 planting buckets among the supports, and then transplanting and planting;
(3) planting assistance: supporting the dragon fruit plants by using a support frame;
(4) managing water and fertilizer;
(5) pruning and trimming.
2. The coastal saline-alkali soil red-heart dragon fruit pot salt-isolated row planting method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) transplanting seedlings and field planting: selecting dragon fruit seedlings with good growth vigor, no diseases and insect pests and 4-6 cm root length, planting in 10 months to 3 months of the next year, transplanting 3-4 fruit seedlings to a planting bucket, digging 5-10 cm shallow holes for planting, and covering surface soil.
3. The coastal saline-alkali soil red-heart dragon fruit pot salt-isolated row planting method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the supporting frame comprises a hollow upright post, a supporting ring and a plurality of supporting ropes, wherein a plurality of through holes are formed in the side surface of the upright post, and basin soil is filled in the hollow structure of the upright post; the support ring is fixed at the top of the upright post, and the support rope is erected above the support ring and is vertical to the row type support; the top of stand with the top of planting the bucket is equipped with two pipes that fertilize respectively, goes up the pipe and fertilizes the pipe promptly and fertilizes down, and two pipes that fertilize intersect in same water-soluble fertile import, the top cavity position of stand is located to the dripper of going up the pipe that fertilizes, the dripper of the pipe that fertilizes down is located and plants bucket top opening part.
4. The coastal saline-alkali soil red-heart dragon fruit pot salt-isolated row planting method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the supporting ring is internally provided with a cross-shaped iron frame, or the supporting ring is externally provided with a flower-shaped iron frame.
5. The coastal saline-alkali soil red-heart dragon fruit pot salt-isolated row planting method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the support frame further comprises a support pipe erected right above the upright column and parallel to the support ropes, the support ropes are distributed to two sides of the support pipe respectively, and the distance between the two sides of the support pipe and the central support pipe is 10-20 cm.
6. The coastal saline-alkali soil red-heart dragon fruit pot salt-isolated row planting method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the row spacing of the salt-isolated dragon fruits is 2-2.5 m, and the barrel spacing is 1.5-1.8 m.
7. The coastal saline-alkali soil red-heart dragon fruit pot salt-isolated row planting method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the planting barrel is 40-50 cm in diameter of the top, 30-40 cm in diameter of the bottom, 40-50 cm in depth and perforated at the bottom.
8. The coastal saline-alkali soil red-heart dragon fruit pot salt-isolated row planting method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: preparing the pot soil: uniformly mixing 5-6 parts of laterite, 3-4 parts of fermented and decomposed manure and 1 part of coarse river sand, covering with a film, stacking for 10-20 days, and then adjusting the pH value to 5.5-7.
9. The coastal saline-alkali soil red-heart dragon fruit pot salt-isolated row planting method as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the selective building frame comprises the following steps: the coastal saline-alkali land with good ventilation and sunny exposure, good drainage performance and high topography is selected as a pitaya planting land, and an annular ditch with the width of 50-60 cm and the depth of 30-40 cm is excavated.
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| CN106941898A (en) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-07-14 | 陆川县品养殖专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods of red heart dragon fruit |
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| CN104641925A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-05-27 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Salt-insulating planting method for potted plant in severe saline soil |
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