CN111245085B - Solar double-battery charging and discharging management system and method - Google Patents
Solar double-battery charging and discharging management system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111245085B CN111245085B CN202010103793.5A CN202010103793A CN111245085B CN 111245085 B CN111245085 B CN 111245085B CN 202010103793 A CN202010103793 A CN 202010103793A CN 111245085 B CN111245085 B CN 111245085B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/36—Arrangements using end-cell switching
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention provides a solar double-battery charging and discharging management system and a solar double-battery charging and discharging management method, which belong to the technical field of battery charging and discharging management. The battery state detection unit detects the working states of the two batteries, if the two batteries are in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, the battery state detection unit directly controls the battery switching unit to cut off all charging loops or load loops, when the two batteries are in other states, the battery state detection unit respectively transmits battery state signals to the over-discharge protection unit and the charging control unit, the over-discharge protection unit controls the on-off of the load loops in the battery switching unit, and the charging control unit controls the on-off of the charging loops in the battery switching unit. The charging mode of the invention does not select to fully charge the battery, but improves the charging efficiency by controlling the charging degree, and can not cause energy waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery charging and discharging management, and particularly relates to a solar double-battery charging and discharging management system and method.
Background
The existing method for charging a battery in a solar application scenario is to use a single battery for charging, but due to polarization of the battery, charging efficiency decreases as the SOC (state of charge) of the battery increases during charging. At present, the charging logic of most photovoltaic charging is the same as that of commercial power charging, the existing photovoltaic charging mode is to perform constant-current and constant-voltage charging by tracking a maximum power point, the constant-current and constant-voltage charging mode is to perform constant-current charging in a first stage, when the voltage reaches a preset value, the constant-voltage charging is switched to a second stage, at the moment, the current is gradually reduced, and when the charging current is reduced to zero, the storage battery is fully charged; however, in practice, most of the charging time is used to overcome the polarization effect by using the charging method of fully charging the battery, the charging efficiency is low and the energy is wasted. Solar energy has the characteristics of limitation, randomness, discontinuity and randomness of load requirements, and is different from the condition of commercial power, so that the traditional charging mode is obviously not suitable for solar charging.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a solar double-battery charging and discharging management system and method, which control the charging degree of a battery by switching charging and discharging of double batteries, have small influence on battery polarization and can collect solar energy more efficiently in the same time.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
A solar double-battery charging and discharging management system comprises double battery units, wherein the double battery units are connected with a battery state detection unit, the battery state detection unit is respectively connected with an over-discharge protection unit, a charging control unit and a battery switching unit, and the over-discharge protection unit and the charging control unit are both connected with the battery switching unit; the battery state detection unit detects the working state of the battery, and directly controls the battery switching unit to disconnect all charging loops or load loops when the battery is in an overvoltage state or an undervoltage state; when the battery is not in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, the battery state detection unit transmits a battery state signal to the over-discharge protection unit and the charging control unit respectively, the over-discharge protection unit controls the on-off of the load loop, and the charging control unit controls the on-off of the charging loop.
Furthermore, the battery state detection unit comprises a first comparator, the first comparator is connected with a first decoder, the first decoder is connected with a first XOR operator, and an output end of the first XOR operator is connected with the over-discharge protection unit; the first comparator is also connected with the charging control unit.
Furthermore, the over-discharge protection unit comprises a second decoder connected with the battery state detection unit, the second decoder is connected with a 555 timer, the 555 timer is connected with a first latch, and an output end of the first latch is connected with the battery switching unit to control the on-off of the load loop.
Furthermore, the charging control unit comprises a second exclusive-or operator connected with the battery state detection unit, the second exclusive-or operator is respectively connected with a second 555 timer and a second latch, the second 555 timer is connected with the second latch, and the output end of the second latch is connected with the battery switching unit to control the on-off of the charging loop.
Furthermore, the battery switching unit comprises a solar charging interface, the solar charging interface is connected with a first triode, the first triode is respectively connected with the battery state detection unit and a first relay, and the first relay is respectively connected with the battery interface and the battery switching unit to form a charging loop; the battery interface is also connected with a second relay, and the second relay is respectively connected with the load interface and the over-discharge protection unit to form a load loop.
A solar double-battery charging and discharging method comprises the following steps: the battery state detection unit detects the working state of the battery, and when the batteries are in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, the battery state detection unit directly controls the battery switching unit to disconnect all charging loops or load loops; when the battery is not in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, the battery state detection unit transmits a battery state signal to the over-discharge protection unit and the charging control unit respectively, the over-discharge protection unit controls the on-off of the load loop, and the charging control unit controls the on-off of the charging loop.
Further, in the process of charging the battery by the charging loop, the battery is subjected to constant current charging firstly, when the voltage of the battery reaches the switching voltage, the charging control unit starts timing, and after the set time t, the charging control unit controls the charging loop to be disconnected.
Further, the set time t is t2-t 1; where t2 is the time required for the battery SOC to rise from 0 to 0.7; t1 is the constant current charging time.
Further, the t1 and the t2 are obtained through simulation of a single-cell constant-current constant-voltage charging equivalent model.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the double-battery management system to switch the solar charging loop and the load loop, compared with the traditional constant-current and constant-voltage charging mode, the invention keeps the constant-current charging process, starts the timer in the system when the battery voltage reaches the constant-current and constant-voltage switching voltage, continues to charge the battery, and after the set time, the SOC (state of charge) of the battery rises to 0.7, and disconnects the charging loop; the charging mode of the invention does not fully charge the battery, but improves the efficiency by controlling the charging degree, solves the problems of low charging efficiency and energy waste caused by long-time charging in order to overcome the polarization effect of the battery in the traditional charging mode, and under the same charging time and charging scene, the double-battery charging and discharging management system can obtain more energy storage and has higher efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of a dual battery charge and discharge management system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a battery status detecting unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an over-discharge protection unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of the charge control unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of a battery switching unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a general circuit diagram of a dual battery charge and discharge management system according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the current and voltage of a battery in a constant current and constant voltage charging mode according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of SOC of a battery in a constant current and constant voltage charging mode according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the solar dual-battery charging and discharging management system of the present invention includes a dual-battery unit, a battery state detection unit, an over-discharge protection unit, a charging control unit, and a battery switching unit. The battery state detection unit collects the working state (undervoltage, normal and overvoltage) information of the battery 1 and the battery 2 in the double battery units, and if the battery 1 and the battery 2 are both in an overvoltage (reaching cut-off voltage) or undervoltage (reaching threshold voltage) state, the battery state detection unit directly controls the battery switching unit to disconnect all charging loops or load loops; if the battery 1 and the battery 2 are in other states except overvoltage or undervoltage, the battery state detection unit controls the over-discharge protection unit and the charging control unit to work independently; the over-discharge protection unit and the charging control unit respond to the current battery state, transmit control signals to the battery switching unit, control the battery switching unit to perform double-battery charging and discharging switching, ensure that one battery is switched to another battery for continuous use when the battery is used to be under-voltage, and switch to another battery for charging after the battery is well charged.
As shown in fig. 2, the battery state detection unit includes a comparator LM193(U1A, U1B, U2A, U2B), a decoder 74HC154(U3), and an exclusive or operator 74LS386(U4A, U4B); VCC1 and VCC2 respectively represent the access voltage of the two batteries, and Vin1 and Vin2 respectively represent the threshold voltage and the cut-off voltage of the batteries, which can be adjusted by a potentiometer, and the threshold voltage value is generally increased, so that the system can work normally under the state of no electricity; VCC1 and Vin1, VCC1 and Vin2, VCC2 and Vin1, VCC2 and Vin2 are respectively paired and connected to U1A, U1B, U2A and U2B; the output ends of U1A, U1B, U2A and U2B are all connected with the input end of U3, the output end of U3 is connected with U4A and U4B, the U3 processes the obtained four-bit binary signal into an execution signal, and the execution signal is subjected to XOR operation by U4A and U4B and then transmitted to an over-discharge protection unit; the output ends of the U1A and the U1B are also connected with a charging control unit; the battery state detection unit is directly connected with the battery switching unit through the COM port and the D7 port of the U3, and direct control over the battery switching unit is achieved.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the over-discharge protection unit includes 555 timers (U6, U13), a decoder 74HC154(U10), a latch 74LS74(U7A, U7B), an exclusive or operator 74LS386(U4C, U4D), an inverter 74LS04(U5A, U5B, U5C, U5D); the input end of U10 is connected with the ports D1 and D2 of the execution signal output end of the battery state detection unit respectively, and the input end of U10 is also connected with the ports Q of U7A and U7B respectively, and is used for receiving the state signal of the relay of the battery switching unit; the output end of the U10 is respectively connected with U6, U13, U7A and U7B, U6 is connected with U7A, U13 is connected with U7B, and the output signal of the over-discharge protection unit is output to the battery switching unit through the D3 and D4 ends of U7A and U7B, so as to control the on-off of the load circuit.
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the charging control unit includes an exclusive or operator 74LS386(U14A), a 555 timer (U16) unit, and a latch 74LS74(U15A, U15B). The ends V1 and V2 in the battery state detection unit are connected with the U14A, the end V1 is also connected with the D port of the U15A, and the end V2 is also connected with the D port of the U15B, so that the battery state information is transmitted to the charging control unit; the output end of the U14A is connected with the U16, and the output end of the U16 is respectively connected with the CLK ports of the U15A and the U15B; when a certain battery is at a constant-current and constant-voltage switching voltage, the U16 starts to operate in a timing mode, a signal is generated after the timing is finished and is transmitted to the CLK ports of the U15A and the U15B, and the U15A and the U15B transmit charging switching signals to the power supply switching unit through the D5 ends and the D6 ends.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the battery switching unit comprises relays (U8, U9, U11, U12), triodes (Q1, Q2), and interfaces (P1, P2, P3, P4); the P1 interface is an interface of the battery 1, the P2 interface is an interface of the battery 2, the P3 is a solar charging interface, and the P4 is a load interface. The circuit in the battery switching unit is as follows:
charging circuit 1: the solar charging interface P3 is connected with a triode Q1, the triode Q1 is connected with a relay U9, and the relay U9 is respectively connected with an interface P1 of the battery 1 and a D5 port of a latch U15A in the charging control unit;
charging circuit 2: the solar charging interface P3 is connected with a triode Q1, the triode Q1 is connected with a relay U12, and the relay U12 is respectively connected with an interface P2 of the battery 2 and a D6 port of a latch U15B in the charging control unit.
Load circuit 1: an interface P1 of the battery 1 is connected with a relay U8, a relay U8 is respectively connected with a triode Q2 and a D3 port of a latch U7A in the over-discharge protection unit, and the triode Q2 is connected with a load interface P3;
the load circuit 2: the interface P2 of the battery 2 is connected with a relay U11, the relay U11 is respectively connected with a triode Q2 and a D4 port of a latch U7B in the over-discharge protection unit, and the triode Q2 is connected with a load interface P3.
The other states described in this embodiment are specifically described by taking the case where the battery 1 is under-voltage and the battery 2 is normal, and the charging and discharging processes are as follows:
when the battery 1 is under-voltage and the battery 2 is normal, the port of the battery state detection unit V1 transmits a battery 1 state signal to the latch U15A of the charging control unit, and the port D5 of the latch U15A outputs a high-level signal to prompt the relay U9 in the battery switching unit to be switched on, so that the battery 1 is charged through the charging loop 1; meanwhile, the over-discharge protection unit receives a signal transmitted from a port D1 in the battery state detection unit, a port D3 of the latch U7A outputs a low-level signal, a relay U8 in the battery switching unit is prompted to be disconnected, and the battery 1 stops supplying power to the load; in the process of charging the battery 1, when the voltage of the battery 1 reaches the constant current-constant voltage switching voltage, a 555 timer U16 in the charging control unit starts to count time, after a set time t, the U16 outputs an edge jumping signal to the latch U15A, and a D5 port of the latch U15A outputs a low level signal to prompt the relay U9 to be disconnected, so that the charging of the battery 1 is stopped. The set time t is obtained as follows:
HPPC (hybrid power pulse capability characteristic) testing is carried out on the battery used in the embodiment to obtain battery performance parameters, a traditional single-battery constant-current constant-voltage charging equivalent model is established in a simulink unit of Matlab (matrix laboratory) software according to the parameters, the battery current and voltage variation situation under constant current and constant voltage obtained through simulation is shown in figure 7, and the battery SOC variation under constant current and constant voltage is shown in figure 8; the battery constant current charging time t1 and the time t2 required for the battery SOC to rise from 0 to 0.7 are obtained from a model simulation diagram, and the set time t is t2-t1, and R9 and C11 in the 555 timer U16 in the present embodiment satisfy t-R9 × C11 × ln 3.
In the process of charging the battery 1, the port of the battery state detection unit V2 transmits a battery 2 state signal to the latch U15B of the charging control unit, the port D6 of the latch U15B outputs a low-level signal, a relay U12 in the battery switching unit is prompted to be switched off, and the battery 2 is not charged; meanwhile, the over-discharge protection unit receives a signal transmitted from a port D2 in the battery state detection unit, a port D4 of the latch U7B outputs a high-level signal, so that the relay U11 in the battery switching unit is switched on, and the battery 2 supplies power to a load through the load loop 2.
The triode Q1 is also directly connected to the D7 port of the battery state detection unit, and when the battery 1 and the battery 2 are both in an overvoltage (reaching a cut-off voltage) state, the battery state detection unit directly controls the triode Q1 to be non-conductive, disconnects the charging loop 1 and the charging loop 2, and supplies power to the load through the load loop 1 and the load loop 2. The triode Q2 is also directly connected to the COM port in the battery state detection unit, and when the battery 1 and the battery 2 are both under-voltage (reach threshold voltage), the battery state detection unit directly controls the triode Q2 to be non-conductive, disconnects the load loop 1 and the load loop 2, and charges through the charge loop 1 and the charge loop 2.
The foregoing description discloses the general principles, features and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing embodiments, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, but rather, various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A solar double-battery charging and discharging management system is characterized by comprising double battery units, wherein the double battery units are connected with a battery state detection unit, the battery state detection unit is respectively connected with an over-discharge protection unit, a charging control unit and a battery switching unit, and the over-discharge protection unit and the charging control unit are both connected with the battery switching unit; the battery state detection unit detects the working state of the battery, and when the battery is in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, the battery switching unit is directly controlled to disconnect all charging loops or load loops; when the battery is not in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, the battery state detection unit transmits a battery state signal to the over-discharge protection unit and the charging control unit respectively, the over-discharge protection unit controls the on-off of the load loop, and the charging control unit controls the on-off of the charging loop; the over-discharge protection unit comprises a second decoder connected with the battery state detection unit, the second decoder is connected with a 555 timer, the 555 timer is connected with a first latch, and the output end of the first latch is connected with the battery switching unit to control the on-off of a load loop; the charging control unit comprises a second exclusive OR operator connected with the battery state detection unit, the second exclusive OR operator is respectively connected with a second 555 timer and a second latch, the second 555 timer is connected with the second latch, and the output end of the second latch is connected with the battery switching unit to control the on-off of the charging loop.
2. The solar dual-battery charge-discharge management system according to claim 1, wherein the battery state detection unit comprises a first comparator, the first comparator is connected with a first decoder, the first decoder is connected with a first exclusive-or operator, and an output end of the first exclusive-or operator is connected with the over-discharge protection unit; the first comparator is also connected with the charging control unit.
3. The solar dual-battery charge-discharge management system according to claim 1, wherein the battery switching unit comprises a solar charging interface, the solar charging interface is connected with a first triode, the first triode is respectively connected with the battery state detection unit and a first relay, and the first relay is respectively connected with the battery interface and the battery switching unit to form a charging loop; the battery interface is also connected with a second relay, and the second relay is respectively connected with the load interface and the over-discharge protection unit to form a load loop.
4. A solar double-battery charging and discharging method based on the solar double-battery charging and discharging management system of claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps: the battery state detection unit detects the working state of the battery, and when the batteries are in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, the battery state detection unit directly controls the battery switching unit to disconnect all charging loops or load loops; when the battery is not in an overvoltage or undervoltage state, the battery state detection unit transmits a battery state signal to the over-discharge protection unit and the charging control unit respectively, the over-discharge protection unit controls the on-off of the load loop, and the charging control unit controls the on-off of the charging loop.
5. The solar dual-battery charging and discharging method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the charging loop performs constant current charging on the battery during charging the battery, when the battery voltage reaches the switching voltage, the charging control unit starts timing, and after a set time t, the charging control unit controls the charging loop to be disconnected.
6. The solar bicell charging and discharging method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the set time t = t2-t 1; where t2 is the time required for the battery SOC to rise from 0 to 0.7; t1 is the constant current charging time.
7. The solar double-battery charging and discharging method according to claim 6, wherein the t1 and t2 are obtained through simulation of a single-cell constant-current constant-voltage charging equivalent model.
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| CN114069564A (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2022-02-18 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Relay protection circuit, method, battery management system and electric vehicle |
| CN112737044A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 北京谊安医疗***股份有限公司 | Double-battery switching circuit |
| CN117526543B (en) * | 2024-01-03 | 2024-03-22 | 成都汉度科技有限公司 | Power supply system adopting solar panel and battery dual power supply |
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