CN111240015B - Diffraction waveguide with uniform double-side outgoing light - Google Patents
Diffraction waveguide with uniform double-side outgoing light Download PDFInfo
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- CN111240015B CN111240015B CN202010055477.5A CN202010055477A CN111240015B CN 111240015 B CN111240015 B CN 111240015B CN 202010055477 A CN202010055477 A CN 202010055477A CN 111240015 B CN111240015 B CN 111240015B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
Abstract
The invention discloses a diffraction waveguide with two sides capable of uniformly emitting light, which comprises: the incident grating, the first turning grating, the second turning grating, the third turning grating, the fourth turning grating and the emergent grating are all distributed on the waveguide substrate; the incident grating and the emergent grating are arranged in the middle of the waveguide substrate at intervals up and down; a first turning grating and a second turning grating are respectively arranged at two sides of the incident grating at intervals; and a third turning grating and a fourth turning grating are respectively arranged at two sides of the emergent grating at intervals. By respectively arranging the four turning gratings on the two sides of the incident grating and the exit grating, the + 1-level diffraction light and the-1-level diffraction light of the incident grating can be simultaneously utilized, the light transmission efficiency is improved, and the image uniformity is complementarily improved by utilizing the two-level diffraction efficiency; and because the light beams enter the emergent grating from two sides through the two turning gratings respectively, the light intensity attenuation crossing the emergent grating is offset, the light-emitting uniformity is directly improved, and the display effect of the diffraction waveguide is finally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of near-to-eye display devices, in particular to a diffraction waveguide with double-side emission light uniformity.
Background
Near-eye display devices have been rapidly developed in recent years as one of the most critical hardware for augmented reality technology. A number of near-eye display devices based on different optical principles have appeared on the market. Among them, the near-to-eye display device based on the diffraction waveguide has light weight, high transparency, and can be promoted to have large space, and the like, and has attracted much attention in recent years.
The diffraction light waveguide for near-eye display mainly utilizes the principle of grating diffraction on a transparent waveguide to realize the turning of light, so that virtual light generated by a micro projector or a micro display screen at the corner of the waveguide is transmitted to the right front of human eyes. The virtual light is combined with the light of the real world which directly penetrates through the waveguide sheet and is simultaneously incident into human eyes, and finally the augmented reality effect is achieved.
At present, in diffraction waveguides with several structures, whether one turning grating or two gratings are provided, light from an incident grating or a turning grating enters an exit grating from one side. Such as: fig. 3 shows a two-dimensional pupil-expanding diffraction waveguide including two turning gratings, which can utilize ± 1 st order diffracted lights at two sides of an incident grating to improve the grating efficiency, so that the diffracted lights have complementary efficiencies at various angles to improve the uniformity of a virtual image, but the lights from the incident grating and the turning gratings enter the exit grating from one side. This has the problems that: because the light beam continuously couples part of light out of the diffraction waveguide when transversely passing through the emergent grating, the intensity of the light beam passing through the emergent grating is continuously reduced, so that the light intensity of the emergent grating is also gradually reduced, and finally, the diffraction waveguide has high efficiency and low side and uneven light emission.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems in the prior art, the present invention is to provide a diffraction waveguide with two sides capable of emitting light uniformly, which can solve the problem of non-uniform light emission in the existing diffraction waveguide that the light from the incident grating or the turning grating enters the exit grating from one side, which is high in efficiency and low in side.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an embodiment of the present invention provides a diffraction waveguide with bilaterally uniform emitted light, including:
the grating structure comprises a waveguide substrate, an incident grating, a first turning grating, a second turning grating, a third turning grating, a fourth turning grating and an emergent grating; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the incident grating, the first turning grating, the second turning grating, the third turning grating, the fourth turning grating and the emergent grating are all distributed on the waveguide substrate;
the incident grating and the emergent grating are arranged in the middle of the waveguide substrate at intervals up and down;
the first turning grating and the second turning grating are respectively arranged on two sides of the incident grating at intervals;
and the third turning grating and the fourth turning grating are respectively arranged at two sides of the emergent grating at intervals.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the diffraction waveguide with the two sides capable of uniformly emitting light has the beneficial effects that:
the waveguide has the advantages of double-turn diffraction waveguide, can simultaneously utilize + 1-level and-1-level diffraction light of the incident grating, improve the transmission efficiency of light and utilize two-level diffraction efficiency to complement and improve the image uniformity; and because the light beam enters the emergent grating from two sides through the two turning gratings respectively, the intensity attenuation of the light traversing the emergent grating is offset, the emergent light uniformity is directly improved, and the display effect of the diffraction waveguide is finally improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art diffractive waveguide with two turning gratings;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a diffractive waveguide with two sides for uniform outgoing light according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a diffractive waveguide with two sides for uniform outgoing light according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a diffractive waveguide with two sides for uniform outgoing light according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a diffractive waveguide with two sides for uniform outgoing light according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
the parts corresponding to the marks in fig. 1 are: 300-two-dimensional extended pupil dual-refractive diffracted light waveguide; 301-a waveguide; 302-an incident grating; 303-turning grating one; 304-turning grating two; 305-an exit grating; 306-incident light from a micro-projection or micro-display screen; 307-emergent light after passing through a double-refraction diffraction waveguide two-dimensional pupil expansion;
the parts corresponding to the marks in fig. 2 to 5 are: 200-four turn double-side correlation diffraction optical waveguide; 201-waveguide substrate; 202-an incident grating; 203-a first turning grating; 204-a second turning grating; 205-a third turning grating; 206-a fourth-turn grating; 207-exit grating; 208-incident light.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific contents of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a diffraction waveguide with two sides uniformly emitting light, which is a diffraction waveguide with four turning gratings, and realizes that light from a virtual image is incident from two sides of an exit grating, and transmission efficiency and exit uniformity of the diffraction grating can be improved, including:
the grating structure comprises a waveguide substrate, an incident grating, a first turning grating, a second turning grating, a third turning grating, a fourth turning grating and an emergent grating;
the incident grating, the first turning grating, the second turning grating, the third turning grating, the fourth turning grating and the emergent grating are all distributed on the waveguide substrate;
the incident grating and the emergent grating are arranged in the middle of the waveguide substrate at intervals up and down;
the first turning grating and the second turning grating are respectively arranged on two sides of the incident grating at intervals;
and the third turning grating and the fourth turning grating are respectively arranged at two sides of the emergent grating at intervals.
In the diffraction waveguide, the groove direction of the incident grating (the groove direction refers to the grating groove direction on the grating surface) and the groove direction of the exit grating are parallel to each other, and both directions are vertical.
In the diffraction waveguide, the groove direction of the first turning grating and the groove direction of the second turning grating on two sides of the incident grating form an included angle of 45 degrees with the groove direction of the incident grating, and the groove direction of the first turning grating is vertical to the groove direction of the second turning grating;
the groove direction of the third turning grating and the groove direction of the fourth turning grating on both sides of the emergent grating form an included angle of 45 degrees with the groove direction of the emergent grating, and the groove direction of the third turning grating is perpendicular to the groove direction of the fourth turning grating;
the groove direction of the first turning grating is parallel to the groove direction of the fourth turning grating;
the groove direction of the second turning grating is parallel to the groove direction of the third turning grating.
In the above diffractive waveguide, the period d of the incident gratingIPeriod d of the first turning gratingT1Period d of the second turning gratingT2Period d of the third-turn gratingT3Period d of the third-turn gratingT4And period d of the exit gratingOThe following relationship is satisfied:
in the diffraction waveguide, the heights of the grating areas of the first turning grating and the second turning grating on two sides of the incident grating are both greater than the height of the incident grating;
the heights of the grating areas of the third turning grating and the fourth turning grating on the two sides of the emergent grating are both larger than or equal to the height of the emergent grating.
In the diffraction waveguide, the grating regions of the first-turn grating, the second-turn grating, the third-turn grating and the fourth-turn grating are in any one of a square shape, a rectangular shape, a trapezoidal shape and a quadrangular shape.
In the diffraction waveguide, the incident grating and the emergent grating are gratings with symmetrical structures;
the incident grating adopts any one of a rectangular grating, a trapezoidal grating and a holographic grating;
the emergent grating adopts any one of rectangular grating, trapezoidal grating and holographic grating.
Preferably, the incident grating is a coated grating, which can improve the grating efficiency.
In the diffraction waveguide, the first turning grating, the second turning grating, the third turning grating and the fourth turning grating all adopt any one of rectangular gratings, trapezoidal gratings, holographic gratings, inclined gratings and blazed gratings.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
Example one
The invention provides a diffraction waveguide with uniform emergent light and high light utilization efficiency, which utilizes four turning gratings to guide light into an emergent grating from two sides of the emergent grating, eliminates the problem of nonuniform emergent light caused by nonuniform emergent light intensity at two sides through bilateral correlation, has the advantages of high light transmission efficiency provided by +/-1-order diffracted light of the traditional double-turning grating, high emergent light uniformity and great improvement on the imaging effect of the diffraction waveguide.
The specific grating layout and the transmission of the light beam in the diffractive waveguide 200 are shown in fig. 2 and 3, and the diffractive waveguide is composed of a waveguide substrate 201, an incident grating 202, four turning gratings (a first turning grating 203, a second turning grating 204, a third turning grating 205, a fourth turning grating 206) and an exit grating 207; the incident grating 202 is disposed on the upper portion of the middle portion of the waveguide substrate 201, the first turning grating 203 and the second turning grating 204 are disposed at intervals on two sides of the incident grating 202, the emergent grating 207 is disposed on the lower portion of the middle portion of the waveguide substrate 201 and is located below the incident grating 202, and the third turning grating 205 and the fourth turning grating 206 are disposed at intervals on two sides of the emergent grating 207.
In the above-described diffractive waveguide application, when a light beam from a micro display screen or a micro projection is incident on the incident grating 202, the light beam is diffracted and split due to the diffractive property of the grating. The +1 order and-1 order diffracted lights are respectively transmitted to two turning gratings (i.e. the first turning grating 203 and the second turning grating 204) at the left and right sides of the incident grating 202; the light beam is then deflected by the two turning gratings and transmitted towards the two turning gratings (i.e. the third turning grating 205 and the fourth turning grating 206) on both sides of the exit grating 207; the light beam reaches the two turning gratings on the two sides of the exit grating 207, is turned again and transmitted to the exit grating 207, and finally the expanded light beam is coupled out of the waveguide by the exit grating 207; the human eye is positioned right in front of the exit grating 207, so light generated by the micro-projection or micro-display enters the human eye through the diffraction waveguide; since the diffractive waveguide is entirely transparent, light from the real world directly passes through the diffractive waveguide to enter the human eye, and finally the coincidence of the virtual image and the real image is realized.
Since the diffraction direction of light is determined by the grating period, the wavelength of light and the refractive index of the waveguide. Therefore, the period of the grating needs to be determined according to the wavelength and the refractive index of the waveguide when designing the diffraction waveguide. In addition, in order to ensure that the image generated by the micro-projection or micro-display screen can be imaged in the human eye after passing through the diffraction waveguide, the period d of the incident gratingIPeriod d of the first turning gratingT1Period d of the second turning gratingT2Period d of the third-turn gratingT3Period d of the third-turn gratingT4And period d of the exit gratingOThe following relationship is satisfied:
the direction of the grating also affects the transmission direction of the light beam, and the groove directions of the incident grating 202 and the emergent grating 207 are parallel; the first turning grating 203 and the second turning grating 204 on two sides of the incident grating are orthogonal in groove direction and form an included angle of 45 degrees with the groove direction of the incident grating; the groove direction of the third turning grating 205 is parallel to the groove direction of the second turning grating 204, and the groove direction of the fourth turning grating 206 is parallel to the groove direction of the first turning grating 203.
Preferably, in the diffraction waveguide, the shape (height, duty ratio, etc.) of the grating may be designed and optimized according to a specific production process and requirements, so as to ensure the diffraction efficiency of the grating and finally influence the imaging effect, and the present application is not particularly limited.
The diffraction waveguide of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: by arranging the four turning gratings and distributing the four turning gratings on two sides of the incident grating and the emergent grating, the diffraction waveguide has the advantages that the double-turning diffraction waveguide can simultaneously utilize + 1-order and-1-order diffraction light of the incident grating, the transmission efficiency of light is improved, and the image uniformity is improved by utilizing the complementation of two-stage diffraction efficiency; moreover, because the light beams respectively pass through the two turning gratings and enter the emergent grating from two sides, the intensity attenuation of the light traversing the emergent grating is offset, the uniformity of the emergent light is directly improved, and the display effect of the diffraction waveguide is finally improved.
Example two
The configuration of the diffraction waveguide and the layout of each grating provided in this embodiment are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment, except that the third-turn grating and the fourth-turn grating both have a smaller width than the corresponding first-turn grating and second-turn grating, although they are rectangular gratings.
EXAMPLE III
The configuration of the diffraction waveguide and the layout of each grating provided in this embodiment are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment, except that the first turning grating, the second turning grating, the third turning grating and the fourth turning grating all adopt trapezoidal gratings, and the width of the adjacent edge of the third turning grating and the first turning grating is greater than that of the first turning grating, and the width of the adjacent edge of the fourth turning grating and the second turning grating is greater than that of the second turning grating.
The diffraction waveguide with the four turning gratings can realize bilateral light guide and light entering into the emergent grating while utilizing +/-1-order diffraction, and greatly improves the light transmission efficiency and the light emitting uniformity.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A diffractive waveguide that is bilaterally homogeneous with respect to emitted light, comprising:
the grating structure comprises a waveguide substrate, an incident grating, a first turning grating, a second turning grating, a third turning grating, a fourth turning grating and an emergent grating; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the incident grating, the first turning grating, the second turning grating, the third turning grating, the fourth turning grating and the emergent grating are all distributed on the waveguide substrate;
the incident grating and the emergent grating are arranged in the middle of the waveguide substrate at intervals up and down;
the first turning grating is arranged on the left side of the incident grating at intervals, and the second turning grating is arranged on the right side of the incident grating at intervals;
the third turning grating is arranged on the left side of the emergent grating at intervals, and the fourth turning grating is arranged on the right side of the emergent grating at intervals;
the heights of the grating areas of the first turning grating and the second turning grating on the two sides of the incident grating are both larger than the height of the incident grating;
the heights of the grating areas of the third turning grating and the fourth turning grating on the two sides of the emergent grating are both more than or equal to the height of the emergent grating;
when light beams from a micro display screen or micro projection are incident on the incident grating, the light beams are diffracted and split by the diffraction characteristics of the grating, and the + 1-order and-1-order diffracted light is respectively transmitted to the first turning grating and the second turning grating on the left side and the right side of the incident grating; then the light beam is turned by the first turning grating and the second turning grating and is transmitted towards the third turning grating and the fourth turning grating on two sides of the emergent grating; and the light beam reaches the third turning grating and the fourth turning grating on the two sides of the emergent grating, is transmitted, is turned again and is transmitted to the emergent grating, and finally the expanded light beam is coupled out of the waveguide by the emergent grating.
2. The double-sided, uniform-emission diffractive waveguide according to claim 1, wherein said entrance grating has a groove direction parallel to a groove direction of said exit grating, both being vertical.
3. The double-sided uniform-light-emission diffraction waveguide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the groove direction of the first turning grating and the groove direction of the second turning grating on both sides of the incident grating form an included angle of 45 ° with the groove direction of the incident grating, and the groove direction of the first turning grating and the groove direction of the second turning grating are perpendicular to each other;
the groove direction of the third turning grating and the groove direction of the fourth turning grating on both sides of the emergent grating form an included angle of 45 degrees with the groove direction of the emergent grating, and the groove direction of the third turning grating is perpendicular to the groove direction of the fourth turning grating;
the groove direction of the first turning grating is parallel to the groove direction of the fourth turning grating;
the groove direction of the second turning grating is parallel to the groove direction of the third turning grating.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2The diffraction waveguide with the two sides capable of emitting light uniformly is characterized in that the period d of the incident gratingIPeriod d of the first turning gratingT1Period d of the second turning gratingT2Period d of the third-turn gratingT3Period d of the third-turn gratingT4And period d of the exit gratingOThe following relationship is satisfied:
5. the double-sided uniform-light-emission diffraction waveguide of claim 1 or 2, wherein the grating regions of the first, second, third and fourth turning gratings have a quadrilateral shape.
6. The double-sided, uniform-out-going diffractive waveguide according to claim 1 wherein said entrance and exit gratings are symmetrically structured gratings;
the incident grating adopts any one of a rectangular grating, a trapezoidal grating and a holographic grating;
the emergent grating adopts any one of rectangular grating, trapezoidal grating and holographic grating.
7. The double-sided uniform-light-emission diffraction waveguide of claim 1 or 6, wherein the incident grating is a coated grating;
8. the double-sided uniform-light-emission diffraction waveguide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first, second, third, and fourth turning gratings each employ any one of a rectangular grating, a trapezoidal grating, a holographic grating, an inclined grating, and a blazed grating.
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| WO2019185973A1 (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2019-10-03 | Dispelix Oy | Exit pupil expander |
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| CN111240015A (en) | 2020-06-05 |
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