CN111239547B - Fault positioning method based on lightning overvoltage gradient transmission characteristic - Google Patents
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/085—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution lines, e.g. overhead
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
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- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
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Abstract
The invention provides a fault positioning method based on lightning overvoltage gradient transmission characteristics, which comprises the steps of arranging a voltage monitoring sensor on a line, injecting a voltage signal to a certain position of the line, finding out the end point of two adjacent side sections of the position, and calculating gradient attenuation coefficients propagated in the two side sections of the position of the injected voltage signal; when lightning overvoltage occurs, finding out the steepness of the maximum lightning overvoltage wave head and the corresponding position, and respectively calculating the steepness attenuation coefficient of lightning overvoltage signal propagation in intervals at two sides of the position; judging the section of a lightning stroke point according to the obtained gradient attenuation coefficient before and after the lightning stroke fault; and calculating the distance from the lightning strike point to the voltage monitoring sensors on the two sides of the lightning strike point, and judging the accurate position of the lightning strike point. The lightning stroke overvoltage protection method and the lightning stroke overvoltage protection device can accurately and quickly locate the lightning stroke fault position on the line by using the change of the lightning stroke overvoltage gradient in a certain time interval and the gradient attenuation coefficient change before and after the lightning stroke fault, reduce the workload of operation and maintenance operators and improve the power supply reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lightning positioning of power transmission and distribution lines of a power system, in particular to a fault positioning method based on lightning overvoltage gradient transmission and transformation characteristics.
Background
As an important component of a power grid system, a power transmission line is receiving more attention and attention in recent years with the development of smart grid construction. The installation of various state monitoring devices on transmission line towers is the basic work for constructing intelligent transmission lines, and the construction of power grids in various places at present also takes the monitoring devices as the main development direction.
Lightning is one of main factors damaging the safety of a power system, the lightning has great harm to the safe operation of a power transmission line and often causes an insulator flashover accident, and the lightning strike on the power transmission and distribution line is one of main reasons causing tripping. The direct lightning overvoltage is an overvoltage form that thunderclouds directly hit power distribution lines, power towers and other electric equipment. The reason for this is that the lightning overvoltage occurs because the voltage drop is very large after the very strong current of the thundercloud itself is transmitted to the ground by the power equipment. Especially in suburbs in mountainous areas and in areas with inconvenient traffic, great difficulty is added to daily operation and maintenance and fault finding. The overvoltage caused by lightning is called atmospheric overvoltage. Such overvoltage hazards are considerable. The atmospheric overvoltage can be divided into two basic forms of direct lightning overvoltage and inductive lightning overvoltage. The electrothermal effect of lightning can generate lightning overvoltage, which causes the phenomena of electric insulation breakdown, insulator flashover, switch tripping and line power failure. In addition, when lightning strikes, a huge induction electromagnetic field is generated near a lightning current channel due to the extremely high change speed of the lightning current, so that interference on power equipment in a building is easily caused, and therefore, surrounding metal objects generate induction current, and then a large amount of heat is generated to cause disasters such as fire disasters.
In order to quickly locate the lightning voltage position on the distribution line and improve the power supply reliability, a plurality of lightning overvoltage locating methods have been proposed in the prior art.
On one hand, the prior art discloses a 10kV power distribution line lightning stroke fault identification and positioning method, the method comprises the steps of selecting a plurality of lightning stroke monitoring points in the 10kV power distribution line, constructing a coupling ground wire between two towers where the lightning stroke monitoring points are located, obtaining the relation between the amplitude of ground wire induced current and the amplitude of lightning current and the distance between the lightning stroke points at each monitoring point through a simulation method, and constructing a positioning database; acquiring induced current generated by a lightning arrester or a coupling ground wire in lightning stroke by using a high-frequency current monitoring device, and remotely transmitting the induced current to a system background; acquiring a lightning current amplitude at the fault moment by using a lightning positioning system based on a lightning electromagnetic signal; leading the lightning current amplitude into a positioning database, and carrying out fuzzy positioning on the lightning stroke position; and carrying out the fuzzy positioning of the lightning stroke fault position according to the fuzzy positioning of the lightning stroke, the tripping condition of a switch and the lightning protection performance of a circuit. However, this method requires a large database to be constructed, is too complicated to operate, and is not accurate enough for locating the lightning fault point.
On the other hand, the prior art also discloses a power transmission line lightning fault positioning method based on accurate voltage measurement, which comprises the steps of obtaining real-time voltage waveforms of points to be measured on a power transmission line, judging whether current voltages of the points to be measured on the power transmission line are overvoltage or not according to the measured voltage waveforms, if the current voltages are overvoltage, respectively selecting a plurality of voltage acquisition points from two sides of the points to be measured on the power transmission line, calculating to obtain a power transmission line voltage attenuation coefficient according to voltage values of the voltage acquisition points and distances between the voltage acquisition points on the same side of the points to be measured on the power transmission line, and finally determining the positions of faults of the lightning power transmission line according to the power transmission line voltage attenuation coefficient and the distances between the voltage acquisition points on the two sides of the points to be measured on the power transmission line. However, the method still needs manual measurement to obtain the distance between the voltage acquisition point positions on the line after the lightning stroke position is determined, and an online distance measurement technology is not introduced, so that the time and the labor are consumed, and the labor cost is too high.
In addition, the prior art also discloses a method for transmitting a lightning stroke position signal by using a satellite positioning navigation system, which is characterized in that a plurality of numbered sensors are arranged on an electric pole, an insulating porcelain bottle of a live transmission line at the side of an iron tower, a live arrester, a live breaker, a live disconnecting link or a live distribution transformer, the sensors sense lightning stroke and generate induced potential, the sensors are provided with a signal transmitting circuit, and the signal transmitting circuit is in communication connection with terminal signal receiving equipment through the satellite positioning navigation system so as to determine the lightning stroke position. However, the method needs satellite communication to determine the lightning stroke position, so that errors existing in positioning time and the limitation of the existing communication level can affect the final positioning of the fault to a certain extent, and the precision of fault positioning is not high enough.
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the technical staff in the field is urgently needed to be solved by providing the lightning stroke fault positioning method which is simpler in operation and calculation, higher in positioning fault accuracy, capable of greatly saving labor cost and improving distribution line maintenance efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fault positioning method based on lightning overvoltage gradient transmission characteristics, and aims to solve the problems that operation calculation is not simple enough, labor cost consumption is overlarge, fault positioning precision is low, and distribution line maintenance efficiency is too low in the prior art.
A fault location method based on lightning overvoltage steepness transmission characteristics comprises the following steps:
arranging a plurality of voltage monitoring sensors on a three-phase power transmission and distribution line, and monitoring the voltage condition of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line in real time;
injecting voltage signals into a position x of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line, finding out two voltage monitoring sensors at a position y and a position z in an interval [ y, x ] at two sides adjacent to the position x and the interval [ x, z ], and starting to record characteristic quantities of each voltage monitoring sensor;
calculating and recording gradient attenuation coefficients gamma and delta of the injection voltage signal in an interval [ y, x ] and an interval [ x, z ] in a propagation mode;
calculating the gradient attenuation coefficient of the transmission of the injection voltage signal in all sections of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line;
when the three-phase power transmission line has lightning overvoltage, calculating the steepness of the lightning overvoltage wave head of each voltage monitoring sensor, recording the steepness D of the maximum lightning overvoltage wave head, wherein the steepness is detected by the voltage monitoring sensor closest to a lightning stroke pointx' and the corresponding position x, and calculating the interval [ y, x ] on both sides of the position]And the interval [ x, z ]]Attenuation coefficients gamma 'and delta' of the steepness of the propagation of the internal lightning overvoltage signal;
comparing the steepness attenuation coefficient of the injection voltage signal propagation with the steepness attenuation coefficient of the lightning overvoltage signal propagation, and judging the section of a lightning stroke point;
calculating the distance from the lightning stroke point to the voltage monitoring sensors on the two sides of the lightning stroke point, and judging the accurate position of the lightning stroke point;
the positions x, y and z are any three adjacent voltage monitoring sensors on the three-phase power transmission and distribution line, the interval length of the interval [ y, x ] is a, and the interval length of the interval [ x, z ] is b.
In the technical scheme, the voltage monitoring sensor monitors the line voltage condition in real time, when the minimum value of the voltage amplitude monitored in two voltage monitoring periods exceeds 4 times of the rated voltage amplitude of the system, the lightning stroke condition of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line is judged, and the voltage monitoring sensor starts to record characteristic quantities such as voltage waveform in the monitoring period and the next monitoring period.
Optionally, the characteristic quantities recorded by the voltage monitoring sensor include voltage waveforms, amplitudes of voltage wave heads, and corresponding moments of the voltage wave heads.
In the technical scheme, the voltage waveform is acquired by the voltage monitoring sensor, and the amplitude of the voltage wave head and the corresponding moment are acquired by the background system.
Optionally, the calculation method of the steepness attenuation coefficient of the injection voltage signal propagating on the interval of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line is as follows:
calculating the steepness of a voltage wave head according to the time interval of the transmission of the injection voltage signal in the interval;
finding out the maximum value of the voltage wave head gradient in a certain period as the voltage wave head gradient of the position;
calculating the steepness attenuation coefficient of the interval.
Optionally, the voltage wave head steepness is calculated as follows:
wherein D is the voltage wave head gradient, Deltat is the time interval, and DeltaU is the voltage amplitude difference in the time interval.
Optionally, the time interval ranges from 0.1us to 0.2 us.
Optionally, the steepness attenuation coefficient of the injection voltage signal propagating in the interval is calculated as follows:
where σ is the attenuation coefficient of the steepness in the interval, D1、D2Is the steepness of the voltage wave head at both sides of the interval, L12And monitoring the distance between the sensors for the voltages at two sides of the interval.
Optionally, the certain period ranges from 20ms to 100 ms.
Optionally, the steepness attenuation coefficient of the injection voltage signal propagating in the interval [ y, x ] and the interval [ x, z ] is calculated as follows:
wherein D isx、Dy、DzAre respectively the interval [ y, x]And the interval [ x, z ]]The steepness of voltage wave heads on both sides, a being the interval [ y, x]B is the interval [ x, z ]]The interval length of (2).
Optionally, the judging process of judging the lightning strike point section is as follows:
recording the steepness D of the maximum lightning overvoltage wave headx' and corresponding position x, find the interval [ y, x ] on both sides of the position x]And the interval [ x, z ]]Lightning overvoltage wave head gradient D at inner position yy' and the steepness D of the lightning overvoltage wave head at the position zz'；
Calculating the attenuation coefficient gamma 'of the propagation gradient of the lightning overvoltage signal in the interval [ y, x ], and the attenuation coefficient delta' of the propagation gradient of the lightning overvoltage signal in the interval [ x, z ];
comparing attenuation coefficients gamma 'and delta' of the propagation of the lightning overvoltage signal with attenuation coefficients gamma and delta of the propagation of the injection voltage signal, wherein if gamma 'is not equal to gamma and delta' is equal to delta, the lightning point is located between a position x and a position y; conversely, the lightning strike point is located between position x and position z;
wherein D isx'、Dy'、Dz' and Dx、Dy、DzThe calculation methods are the same, and the calculation methods of gamma and delta are the same as those of gamma and delta.
Optionally, a calculation process of a distance between the lightning stroke point and the voltage monitoring sensors on two sides of the lightning stroke point is as follows:
recording the lightning stroke point as o, if the lightning stroke point is positioned in the interval [ y, x ], the distance between the lightning stroke point and the position x and the position y are
Wherein loxIs the distance interval [ y, x ] of the lightning stroke point o]Of the end position x, loyIs the distance interval [ y, x ] of the lightning stroke point o]The distance of the end point position y of (a);
if the lightning stroke point is located in the interval [ x, z ], the distance between the lightning stroke point and the position x and the position z is
Wherein loxFor the distance interval [ x, z ] of the lightning strike point o]Of the end position x, lozFor the distance interval [ x, z ] of the lightning strike point o]Is measured at the distance of the end point position z.
Compared with the prior art, the fault positioning method based on the lightning overvoltage gradient transmission characteristic has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the method, the descending speed of the lightning overvoltage gradient is enhanced according to the promotion effect of the voltage monitoring sensors arranged on the three-phase power transmission and distribution line on the attenuation of the lightning overvoltage signal traveling wave, the change of the wave head gradient of the overvoltage signal received by each voltage monitoring sensor in a passing interval in a certain time interval and the change of the gradient attenuation coefficient in the same interval before and after the lightning fault are carried out, the position where the lightning fault is produced is quickly and accurately positioned, the workload of three-phase power transmission and distribution line operation and maintenance personnel is greatly reduced, the labor cost is saved, and the power supply reliability is improved.
(2) The method and the device obtain the lightning stroke position on the three-phase power transmission and distribution line by utilizing the change of the lightning stroke overvoltage gradient, can make the fault location more targeted and effective, improve the accuracy of the lightning stroke fault location, have higher fault maintenance efficiency, and further improve the intelligent level of a power grid.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention in which the lightning strike point is between the intervals [ y, x ];
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of the present invention in which the lightning strike point is between the intervals [ x, z ];
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an implementation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a fault location method based on the transmission and transformation characteristics of lightning overvoltage steepness on the premise of the existence of lightning overvoltage on a three-phase power transmission and distribution line, the method includes the following steps:
arranging a plurality of voltage monitoring sensors on a three-phase power transmission and distribution line, and monitoring the voltage condition of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line in real time;
injecting voltage signals into a position x of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line, finding out two voltage monitoring sensors at a position y and a position z in an interval [ y, x ] at two sides adjacent to the position x and the interval [ x, z ], and starting to record characteristic quantities of each voltage monitoring sensor;
calculating and recording gradient attenuation coefficients gamma and delta of the injection voltage signal in an interval [ y, x ] and an interval [ x, z ] in a propagation mode;
calculating the gradient attenuation coefficient of the transmission of the injection voltage signal in all sections of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line;
when the three-phase power transmission line has lightning overvoltage, calculating the steepness of the lightning overvoltage wave head of each voltage monitoring sensor, recording the maximum lightning stroke when the voltage monitoring sensor closest to the lightning stroke point detects the maximum steepnessSteepness D of overvoltage wave headx' and the corresponding position x, and calculating the interval [ y, x ] on both sides of the position]And the interval [ x, z ]]Attenuation coefficients gamma 'and delta' of the steepness of the propagation of the internal lightning overvoltage signal;
comparing the steepness attenuation coefficient of the injection voltage signal propagation with the steepness attenuation coefficient of the lightning overvoltage signal propagation, and judging the section of a lightning stroke point;
calculating the distance from the lightning stroke point to the voltage monitoring sensors on the two sides of the lightning stroke point, and judging the accurate position of the lightning stroke point;
the positions x, y and z are any three adjacent voltage monitoring sensors on the three-phase power transmission and distribution line, the interval length of the interval [ y and x ] is a, and the interval length of the interval [ x and z ] is b.
In the technical scheme, the voltage monitoring sensor monitors the line voltage condition in real time, when the minimum value of the voltage amplitude monitored in two voltage monitoring periods exceeds 4 times of the rated voltage amplitude of the system, the lightning stroke condition of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line is judged, and the voltage monitoring sensor starts to record characteristic quantities such as voltage waveform in the monitoring period and the next monitoring period.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the characteristic quantities recorded by the voltage monitoring sensor include a voltage waveform, an amplitude of a voltage wave head, and a corresponding time.
In the technical scheme, the voltage waveform is acquired by the voltage monitoring sensor, and the amplitude of the voltage wave head and the corresponding moment are acquired by the background system.
In addition to the above embodiment, the steepness attenuation coefficient of the injection voltage signal propagating in the section of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line is calculated as follows:
calculating the steepness of a voltage wave head according to the time interval of the transmission of the injection voltage signal in the interval;
finding out the maximum value of the voltage wave head gradient in a certain period as the voltage wave head gradient of the position;
calculating the steepness attenuation coefficient of the interval.
In addition to the above embodiment, the voltage wave head steepness is further calculated as follows:
wherein D is the voltage wave head gradient, Deltat is the time interval, and DeltaU is the voltage amplitude difference in the time interval.
In addition to the above embodiment, the time interval may range from 0.1us to 0.2 us.
In addition to the above embodiment, the steepness attenuation coefficient of the injection voltage signal propagating in the interval is further calculated as follows:
where σ is the attenuation coefficient of the steepness in the interval, D1、D2Is the steepness of the voltage wave head at both sides of the interval, L12And monitoring the distance between the sensors for the voltages at two sides of the interval.
In addition to the above embodiment, the fixed period may be in a range of 20ms to 100 ms.
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the steepness attenuation coefficient of the injection voltage signal propagating in the interval [ y, x ] and the interval [ x, z ] is calculated as follows:
wherein D isx、Dy、DzAre respectively the interval [ y, x]And the interval [ x, z ]]The steepness of voltage wave heads on both sides, a being the interval [ y, x]B is the interval [ x, z ]]The interval length of (2).
On the basis of the above embodiment, further, the determination process for determining the lightning strike point section is as follows:
recording the steepness D of the maximum lightning overvoltage wave headx' and corresponding position x, find the interval [ y, x ] on both sides of the position x]And the interval [ x, z ]]Lightning overvoltage wave head gradient D at inner position yy' and the steepness D of the lightning overvoltage wave head at the position zz'；
Calculating the attenuation coefficient gamma 'of the propagation gradient of the lightning overvoltage signal in the interval [ y, x ], and the attenuation coefficient delta' of the propagation gradient of the lightning overvoltage signal in the interval [ x, z ];
comparing attenuation coefficients gamma 'and delta' of the propagation of the lightning overvoltage signal with attenuation coefficients gamma and delta of the propagation of the injection voltage signal, wherein if gamma 'is not equal to gamma and delta' is equal to delta, the lightning point is located between a position x and a position y; conversely, the lightning strike point is located between position x and position z;
wherein D isx'、Dy'、Dz' and Dx、Dy、DzThe calculation methods are the same, and the calculation methods of gamma and delta are the same as those of gamma and delta.
Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, on the basis of the above embodiment, further, the distance between the lightning strike point and the voltage monitoring sensors on both sides of the lightning strike point is calculated as follows:
recording the lightning stroke point as o, if the lightning stroke point is positioned in the interval [ y, x ], the distance between the lightning stroke point and the position x and the position y are
Wherein loxIs the distance interval [ y, x ] of the lightning stroke point o]Of the end position x, loyIs the distance interval [ y, x ] of the lightning stroke point o]The distance of the end point position y of (a);
if the lightning stroke point is located in the interval [ x, z ], the distance between the lightning stroke point and the position x and the position z is
Wherein loxFor the distance interval [ x, z ] of the lightning strike point o]Of the end position x, lozFor the distance interval [ x, z ] of the lightning strike point o]Is measured at the distance of the end point position z.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, and the embodiments are only examples of the general inventive concept, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Any other embodiments extended by the solution according to the invention without inventive step will be within the scope of protection of the invention for a person skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A fault positioning method based on lightning overvoltage gradient transmission characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging a plurality of voltage monitoring sensors on a three-phase power transmission and distribution line, and monitoring the voltage condition of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line in real time;
injecting a voltage signal to a position x of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line, finding out two voltage monitoring sensors at a position y and a position z in an interval [ y, x ] at two sides and an interval [ x, z ] adjacent to the position x, and starting to record characteristic quantity of each voltage monitoring sensor;
calculating and recording the interval [ y, x ] of the injection voltage signal]And the interval [ x, z ]]Attenuation coefficient of propagation steepness
And
；
calculating the gradient attenuation coefficient of the transmission of the injection voltage signal in all sections of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line;
when the three-phase power transmission and distribution line has lightning overvoltage, calculating the steepness of the lightning overvoltage wave head of each voltage monitoring sensor and the voltage closest to the lightning stroke pointThe steepness detected by the monitoring sensor is maximum, and the steepness of the maximum lightning overvoltage wave head is recorded
And corresponding position x, and calculating the interval [ y, x ] on both sides of the position]And the interval [ x, z ]]Steepness attenuation coefficient of internal lightning stroke overvoltage signal propagation
And
；
comparing the steepness attenuation coefficient of the injection voltage signal propagation with the steepness attenuation coefficient of the lightning overvoltage signal propagation, and judging the section of a lightning stroke point;
calculating the distance from the lightning stroke point to the voltage monitoring sensors on the two sides of the lightning stroke point, and judging the accurate position of the lightning stroke point;
the positions x, y and z are any three adjacent voltage monitoring sensors on the three-phase power transmission and distribution line, the interval length of the interval [ y, x ] is a, and the interval length of the interval [ x, z ] is b.
2. The method for fault location based on the lightning overvoltage steepness transmission characteristic as claimed in claim 1, wherein the characteristic quantities recorded by the voltage monitoring sensor comprise voltage waveform, amplitude of voltage wave head and corresponding time.
3. The method for fault location based on the lightning overvoltage steepness transmission characteristic of claim 1, wherein the steepness attenuation coefficient of the injected voltage signal propagating on the section of the three-phase power transmission and distribution line is calculated as follows:
calculating the steepness of a voltage wave head according to the time interval of the transmission of the injection voltage signal in the interval;
finding out the maximum value of the voltage wave head gradient in a certain period as the voltage wave head gradient of the position;
calculating the steepness attenuation coefficient of the interval.
4. The method for fault location based on the lightning overvoltage steepness transmission characteristic as claimed in claim 3, wherein the voltage wave head steepness is calculated as follows:
wherein D is the steepness of the voltage wave head,
for the said time interval it is known that,
is the difference in voltage amplitude over the time interval.
5. The method for fault location based on the lightning overvoltage steepness propagation characteristic as claimed in claim 4, wherein the time interval is in a range of 0.1 us-0.2 us.
6. The method for fault location based on the lightning overvoltage steepness transmission characteristic as claimed in claim 3, wherein the steepness attenuation coefficient of the injected voltage signal propagating in the interval is calculated as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the steepness attenuation factor in said interval,
、
the steepness of the voltage wave heads at both sides of the interval,
and monitoring the distance between the sensors for the voltages at two sides of the interval.
7. The method for positioning the fault based on the lightning overvoltage steepness propagation characteristic as claimed in claim 3, wherein the certain period is in a range of 20ms to 100 ms.
8. The method for fault location based on the lightning overvoltage steepness propagation characteristic according to claim 1 or 6, wherein the steepness attenuation coefficient of the propagation of the injection voltage signal in the interval [ y, x ] and the interval [ x, z ] is calculated as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
、
、
are respectively the interval [ y, x]And the interval [ x, z ]]The steepness of voltage wave heads on both sides, a being the interval [ y, x]B is the interval [ x, z ]]The interval length of (2).
9. The method for fault location based on the transmission characteristic of the lightning overvoltage steepness as claimed in claim 8, wherein the judgment process for judging the lightning stroke point section is as follows:
recording maximum lightning overvoltage wave head gradient
And corresponding position x, finding out the interval [ y, x ] on two sides of position x]And the interval [ x, z ]]Steepness of lightning overvoltage wave head at internal position y
And the steepness of the lightning overvoltage wave head at position z
；
Calculating the lightning overvoltage signal in the interval [ y, x]Attenuation coefficient of internal propagation steepness
The lightning overvoltage signal is in the interval [ x, z ]]Attenuation coefficient of internal propagation steepness
；
Attenuation coefficient of steepness of lightning overvoltage signal propagation
And
attenuation coefficient of steepness of signal propagation with the injection voltage
And
make a comparison if
，
Then the lightning strike point is located between position x and position y; conversely, the lightning strike point is located between position x and position z;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
、
、
and
、
、
the calculation method of (a) is the same,
、
and
、
the calculation method is the same.
10. The method for fault location based on the transmission and variation characteristics of the lightning overvoltage steepness as claimed in claim 9, wherein the distance between the lightning stroke point and the voltage monitoring sensors on the two sides of the lightning stroke point is calculated as follows:
recording the lightning stroke point as o, if the lightning stroke point is positioned in the interval [ y, x ], the distance between the lightning stroke point and the position x and the position y are
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the distance interval [ y, x ] of the lightning stroke point o]Is measured by the distance of the end point position x,
is the distance interval [ y, x ] of the lightning stroke point o]The distance of the end point position y of (a);
if the lightning stroke point is located in the interval [ x, z ], the distance between the lightning stroke point and the position x and the position z is
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
for the distance interval [ x, z ] of the lightning strike point o]Is measured by the distance of the end point position x,
for the distance interval [ x, z ] of the lightning strike point o]Is measured at the distance of the end point position z.
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