CN111238638B - Distributed area array thin slice imaging system - Google Patents
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Abstract
A distributed area array sheet imaging system comprises a distributed area array lens array, a micro-nano photon integrated device, a linear detector array and an image reconstruction algorithm, wherein the distributed area array lens array is in a radial linear arrangement mode, the micro-nano photon integrated device is coupled in the space of a focal plane of a lens at the rear end of each linear array, the micro-nano photon integrated device divides coupling light of each lens into two beams, an interference base line is formed by coupling lens pairs with odd pitches, and an interference base line is formed by coupling lens pairs with even pitches. The scheme for optimally designing the spatial light path of the distributed area array thin-sheet imaging system optimizes the combination mode of the lens pair, improves the spatial frequency coverage rate, reduces information loss and improves the quality of a reconstructed image.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-precision military detection, remote environment monitoring and deep space exploration, in particular to a distributed area array thin sheet imaging system.
Background
In recent years, high-resolution detection systems play more and more important roles in remote sensing terrain exploration, high-precision military detection, remote environment monitoring and the like, are limited by rayleigh resolution limit and diffraction limit, and the aperture of a telescopic objective lens is increased when a high-resolution image is required to be obtained. The length of the traditional longitudinal telescopic optical system is linearly increased along with the increase of the caliber, so that the volume and the weight of the whole system are increased, and the application range of the system is severely limited. At present, the maximum single-caliber Space-based high-precision telescopic system Hubble Space Telescope (Hubble Space Telescope) is known, the effective caliber is only 2.4m, the length of the whole system is 13m, and the weight reaches 11 tons. The latest James Webb Space telescope (James Webb Space telescope) of NASA adopts a sub-mirror splicing mode, and on the premise that the effective aperture is increased to 6.5m, the weight of the system is only half of that of a harb Space telescope, but the system needs high-precision mechanical adjustment to enable the focuses of the sub-mirrors to coincide. Therefore, the volume, the weight and the power consumption of the traditional high-resolution imaging system are difficult to compress due to the space structure and the imaging mode. Therefore, new high-resolution imaging technologies with light weight and miniaturization have been the focus of worldwide research.
The micro-nano photonic device is a carrier applied to photonic technology, is the core for improving information transmission and processing capability in the future, has the advantages of high speed, high capacity, low power consumption, light weight and the like, plays a more important role in the future intelligentization and informatization processes, and is deeply concerned by countries in the world. In recent years, with the development of micro-nano photonic Integrated optical paths and aperture synthesis technologies, researchers propose the concept of an optical interference thin-sheet imaging system according to the Van circle-zernike theorem, the technology adopts a micro-lens array and a micro-nano Integrated photonic device pic (photonic Integrated circuit) to replace a large-aperture lens and a complex spatial optical path, and compared with the traditional imaging technology, the technology is remarkably reduced in the aspects of weight, size, power consumption and the like. Through theoretical calculation, under the condition of the same resolution, the SWaP (size Weight and Power) of the system can be reduced to 10 of that of the traditional imaging technology-1-100-1. In addition, compared with the complicated integration, manufacture and debugging of a standard photoelectric system, the PIC can be manufactured by adopting a Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) platform process, the manufacturing process of the system is simplified, a structural optical path is etched on the flat waveguide, the complicated optical path debugging is not needed, and the manufacturing time and the manufacturing cost of the system are reduced.
The imaging of the optical interference sheet is realized by analyzing the mutual intensity of the space light intensity and the aperture surface of an object to obtain a Fourier transform pair by utilizing the Van-Citter Zernike theorem. Meanwhile, according to the theorem, after the complete incoherent light (natural light) is transmitted in a long distance, the complete incoherent light can be converted into partial coherent light, the coherence of the partial coherent light is enhanced through the distributed area array lens and the micro-nano photon integrated device, namely, the contrast of coherent fringes is increased, and finally, the spatial light intensity distribution information of the object is inverted through Fourier transform.
Compared with the traditional imaging system, the optical interference thin slice imaging and micro-nano integration key technology has obvious advantages, but the technology is still in the initial research stage, and more problems need to be solved. At present, the problem of a spatial light path structure is that the number of formed base line pairs is too small under the condition of the same number of lenses, so that the spatial frequency coverage is small, and the image reconstruction quality is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a distributed area array thin sheet imaging system, which is designed to at least partially solve at least one of the above problems.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a distributed area array thin slice imaging system, comprising a distributed area array lens array, a micro-nano photonic integrated device, a linear detector array and an image reconstruction algorithm, wherein,
the distributed area array lens array is in a radial linear arrangement mode, and a micro-nano photonic integrated device is coupled in a lens focal plane space at the rear end of each linear array, wherein the micro-nano photonic integrated device divides coupling light of each lens into two beams, couples odd-pitch lens pairs to form an interference baseline, and couples even-pitch lens pairs to form an interference baseline.
The micro-nano photonic integrated device comprises a beam splitting structure, a waveguide structure, an array waveguide grating structure and an MMI structure.
After the space light enters the micro-nano photonic integrated device through the coupling of the lens, the light beam is divided into 1 by the beam splitting structure: 1.
And the diameter of each lens on each linear array is 1, the center distance of adjacent lenses is 1, the maximum distance between 2n lenses is 2n-1, and n is a positive integer.
The odd-pitch lens pairs refer to lens pairs with the pitch of 1, 3, 5 … 2n-1, and the even-pitch lens pairs refer to lens pairs with the pitch of 2, 4, 6 … 2 n-2.
Based on the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the distributed area array sheet imaging system has at least one part of the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a scheme for optimally designing a spatial light path of a distributed area array thin slice imaging system, optimizes the combination mode of lens pairs, improves the spatial frequency coverage rate, reduces information loss and improves the quality of reconstructed images.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a distributed area array wafer imaging system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a distributed area array lens arrangement according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an odd-even spacing matching structure of the lens of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an original image used in the simulation of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a comparison graph of a two-dimensional space spectrum of a conventional system pairing structure and a two-dimensional space spectrum of a lens odd-even spacing pairing structure according to the present invention, wherein fig. 5(a) is the two-dimensional space spectrum of the conventional system pairing structure, and fig. 5(b) is the two-dimensional space spectrum of the lens odd-even spacing pairing structure according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a comparison diagram of a simulation reconstructed image of a conventional system pairing structure and a lens odd-even spacing pairing structure according to the present invention, wherein fig. 6(a) is a simulation reconstructed image of a conventional system pairing structure, and fig. 6(b) is a simulation reconstructed image of a lens odd-even spacing pairing structure according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a novel high-resolution imaging system, which mainly solves the problem that the space frequency domain coverage range of the existing distributed area array thin-sheet imaging system is small. The method mainly comprises a distributed area array lens array, a micro-nano photonic integrated device (PIC), a linear detector array and an image reconstruction algorithm. The distributed area array lens array is in a radial linear arrangement mode, a PIC chip is coupled in a lens focal plane space at the rear end of each linear array, the photonic integrated circuit divides coupling light of each lens into two beams, the odd-pitch lens pairs are coupled to form an interference base line, and the even-pitch lens pairs are coupled to form an interference base line. Under the condition of the same number of lenses, the invention enlarges the coverage rate of one time of spatial frequency, does not lose the high-frequency base line and the low-frequency base line and effectively improves the image reconstruction quality.
Specifically, the invention discloses a distributed area array slice imaging system, which comprises a distributed area array lens array, a micro-nano photon integrated device, a linear detector array and an image reconstruction algorithm, wherein,
the distributed area array lens array is in a radial linear arrangement mode, and a micro-nano photonic integrated device is coupled in a lens focal plane space at the rear end of each linear array, wherein the micro-nano photonic integrated device divides coupling light of each lens into two beams, couples odd-pitch lens pairs to form an interference baseline, and couples even-pitch lens pairs to form an interference baseline.
The micro-nano photonic integrated device comprises a beam splitting structure, a waveguide structure, an array waveguide grating structure and an MMI structure.
After the space light enters the micro-nano photonic integrated device through the coupling of the lens, the light beam is divided into 1 by the beam splitting structure: 1.
And the diameter of the lens on each linear array is 1, the central distance between adjacent lenses is 1, the maximum distance between 2n lenses is 2n-1, and n is a positive integer.
The odd-pitch lens pairs refer to lens pairs with the pitch of 1, 3, 5 … 2n-1, and the even-pitch lens pairs refer to lens pairs with the pitch of 2, 4, 6 … 2 n-2.
In order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the structural schematic diagram of the distributed area array sheet imaging system of the present invention specifically includes a distributed area array lens array, a micro-nano photonic integrated device (PIC), a linear detector array, and an image reconstruction algorithm. The distributed area array lens array is in a radial linear arrangement mode, a schematic diagram is shown in fig. 2, a PIC chip is coupled in a lens focal plane space at the rear end of each linear array, and coupled light is combined pairwise to form an interference base line.
The interference base line combination mode is that each linear lens array of the distributed area array is combined pairwise to form interference base lines with different lengths and directions. It is assumed, but not limited to, that the number of linear arrays is 37, the diameter of the microlenses is 5mm, the linear arrays of microlenses are densely arranged, no gap is left between adjacent lenses, and the number of single linear lenses is 30. The number of 30 lenses is 1, 2, 3 … 30, and the length of the interference baseline is 5mm, 10mm, and 15mm … 145mm in sequence. According to the existing baseline combination mode, only 15 baselines can be obtained by 30 lenses, and low-frequency or high-frequency section baselines are lost. The invention describes an odd-even pairing mode, 29 baselines can be obtained by 30 lenses, and frequency information is not lost.
As described with respect to fig. 3, the light coupled by each lens is now split into two beams, a and B being identical. The odd pitch combinations are (1A, 30A), (2A, 29A) (3A, 28A) … … (15A, 16A), and the corresponding lengths are 145mm, 135mm and 125mm … … 5mm in sequence. The even-numbered pitch combinations are (1B, 29B), (2B, 28B), (3B, 27B) … … (14B, 16B), and the corresponding lengths are 140mm, 130mm and 120mm … … 10mm in sequence.
The distance matching in the above way can cover all base line lengths from 5mm to 145mm, and compared with the existing base line combination way, the number of the base lines is increased by nearly one time, and the space frequency coverage area is increased by nearly one time. Then, coupling light is subjected to phase shifting, beam splitting and multimode interference through a micro-nano photonic integrated device (PIC), interference fringes can be obtained through a detector, and therefore inverse Fourier transform is carried out to carry out image reconstruction.
The micro-nano photonic integrated device (PIC) comprises a beam splitting structure, a waveguide structure, an array waveguide grating structure, an MMI structure and the like. After the space light enters the micro-nano photonic integrated device through the coupling of the lens, the light beam is divided into 1 by the beam splitting structure: 1.
The working principle of the invention is described as follows: and analyzing the mutual intensity of the space light intensity and the aperture surface of the object to obtain a Fourier transform pair by using Van-Citter Zernike theorem. Meanwhile, according to the theorem, after the complete incoherent light (natural light) is transmitted in a long distance, the complete incoherent light can be converted into partial coherent light, the coherence of the partial coherent light is enhanced through the distributed area array lens and the micro-nano photon integrated device, namely, the contrast of coherent fringes is increased, and finally, the spatial light intensity distribution information of the object is inverted through Fourier transform.
The effects of the invention can be further illustrated by the following simulations:
fig. 4 shows an original image used for simulation, which has only gradation information.
Fig. 5(a) is a spatial frequency domain coverage map obtained by the existing pitch pairing method, and fig. 5(b) is a spatial frequency domain coverage map obtained by the odd-even pitch pairing method of the present invention, and it is obvious from each linear array that the coverage area obtained by the pairing method of the present invention is larger than that obtained by the existing pairing method.
Fig. 6 shows the results of image reconstruction in two ways. Fig. 6(a) shows the result of image reconstruction by the conventional pitch pairing method, and fig. 6(b) shows the result of image reconstruction by the parity pairing method according to the present invention. The better quality of the resulting image of the present invention is apparent from the two restored images. Comparing the root mean square with the original image gray scale value, fig. 6(a) is 260 and fig. 6(b) is 240, and it can be seen that fig. 6(b) is also closer to the original image.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a distributed area array thin slice imaging system which characterized in that, includes distributed area array lens array, receives photon integrated device and linear detector array a little, wherein:
the distributed area array lens array is in a radial linear arrangement mode, and the micro-nano photonic integrated device is coupled in the lens focal plane space at the rear end of each linear array, wherein the micro-nano photonic integrated device divides the coupled light of each lens into two beams, couples the lens pairs with odd pitches to form an interference baseline, and couples the lens pairs with even pitches to form an interference baseline;
the central distance between adjacent lenses on each linear array is 1, the odd-pitch lens pair refers to a lens pair formed by lenses at two ends with any pitch of 1, 3 and 5 … 2n-1, and the even-pitch lens pair refers to a lens pair formed by lenses at two ends with any pitch of 2, 4 and 6 … 2 n-2.
2. The distributed area array wafer imaging system of claim 1, wherein the micro-nano photonic integrated device comprises a beam splitting structure, a waveguide structure, an arrayed waveguide grating structure and an MMI structure.
3. The distributed area array sheet imaging system of claim 2, wherein after spatial light enters the micro-nano photonic integrated device through the coupling of the lens, the beam is divided into 1: 1.
4. The distributed area array sheeting imaging system of claim 1, wherein the lenses on the distributed area array lens array have a diameter that is the same distance from the center of the adjacent lens.
5. The distributed area array sheet imaging system of claim 1, wherein the number of odd-pitch lens pairs and the number of even-pitch lens pairs are the same.
6. The distributed area array sheet imaging system of claim 1, wherein the number of the odd-pitch lens pairs and the even-pitch lens pairs is 20-50.
7. The distributed area array sheet imaging system of claim 1, wherein the number of odd-pitch lens pairs and even-pitch lens pairs is 30.
8. The distributed area array sheet imaging system of claim 1, wherein a focal plane of a lens at the rear end of each linear detector array is spatially coupled with the micro-nano photonic integrated device chip, and coupled light is combined pairwise to form an interference baseline.
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| CN113433688B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2023-03-24 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Interference imaging method and system based on micro-lens array and photonic integrated chip |
| CN112925050B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-06-21 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Interference imaging method and imaging system based on superlens array and photonic integrated chip |
| CN112924027B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2022-06-21 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Interference imaging method and system based on micro-lens array and photonic integrated chip |
| CN113179360B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-04-08 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Intensive azimuth sampling block type plane photoelectric imaging system |
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