CN111238354B - Lithium ion power battery safety early warning system and method based on penetration displacement monitoring - Google Patents
Lithium ion power battery safety early warning system and method based on penetration displacement monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN111238354B CN111238354B CN202010089013.6A CN202010089013A CN111238354B CN 111238354 B CN111238354 B CN 111238354B CN 202010089013 A CN202010089013 A CN 202010089013A CN 111238354 B CN111238354 B CN 111238354B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract
The invention relates to a lithium ion power battery safety early warning system and a method based on penetration displacement monitoring, wherein the system comprises: the device comprises a spiral screw rod, a detachable connecting part, a telescopic push rod, a grating ruler, a displacement calibrator, a displacement sensor, a thrust plate, an installation back plate and a DSP controller; the spiral lead screw is connected with the displacement calibrator through a detachable connecting part, one end of the telescopic push rod is connected with the extrusion testing machine, the other end of the telescopic push rod is fixedly connected with the displacement calibrator, the displacement calibrator is sleeved on the grating ruler, the grating ruler is fixedly installed on the installation backboard, the displacement sensor is fixedly connected with the displacement calibrator, the DSP controller is connected with the displacement sensor, and the thrust plate is fixedly installed on the installation backboard. The invention can judge the safety state of the battery in time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power battery monitoring, in particular to a lithium ion power battery safety early warning system and method based on penetration displacement monitoring.
Background
With the development of society, energy crisis and environmental issues have become the focus of world attention. The pure electric vehicle is known as an effective method for solving energy crisis and environmental problems due to the characteristics of zero emission and zero pollution. The current pure electric vehicle mainly carries a lithium ion power battery, and the lithium ion power battery has the characteristics of high energy density, no memory and the like, and is very suitable for the pure electric vehicle. However, the current lithium ion power battery with liquid-based electrolyte is very easy to generate fire and even explosion under mechanical abuse working conditions such as extrusion collision, and becomes one of the barriers restricting the safety of the electric automobile.
In recent years, serious casualties and property losses are caused by safety accidents of pure electric vehicles caused by the lithium ion power batteries, so that the safety of the lithium ion power batteries is widely concerned by the society. Therefore, in order to improve the safety of the high-purity electric new energy automobile, the latest version of the new automobile evaluation program (C-NCAP) was released in 2018 in china, and the safety test of the pure electric automobile was added.
Under the mechanical abuse condition, the basis for judging the failure of the lithium ion battery is sudden drop of force, sudden drop of voltage and sudden rise of temperature. Compared with a small battery, such as a 18650 cylindrical lithium ion power battery, the failure characteristic is obvious and can be distinguished almost immediately. However, due to the high capacity and large size of the large lithium ion power battery, when the battery is subjected to mechanical abuse conditions such as impact, the energy of the battery cannot be released immediately, the SOC cannot change obviously immediately, and conventional failure characteristics such as voltage and temperature cannot be judged in time, so that early failure warning of the battery is very difficult.
The safety early warning of the lithium ion power battery in the current engineering aspect mainly focuses on early warning of the voltage, the temperature, the circuit structure and the like of the battery. The capacity, namely the state of charge (SOC), of the high-capacity lithium ion power battery cannot be changed immediately under collision extrusion, so that the safety early warning of the lithium ion battery through voltage is not timely. Secondly, because the in-plane thermal conductivity of the lithium ion power battery is far larger than the thermal conductivity of the lithium ion power battery in the other two directions, when the temperature sensor monitors that the temperature of the battery rises, the internal temperature of the battery reaches an irreversible dangerous state, and therefore the safety state of the battery is judged to have hysteresis through the temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a safety early warning system and a safety early warning method for a lithium ion power battery, which can judge the safety state of the battery in time.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a lithium ion power battery safety early warning system based on penetration displacement monitoring comprises: the device comprises a spiral screw rod, a detachable connecting part, a telescopic push rod, a grating ruler, a displacement calibrator, a displacement sensor, a thrust plate, an installation back plate and a DSP controller;
the spiral screw rod is connected with a displacement calibrator through a detachable connecting part, one end of the telescopic push rod is connected with the extrusion testing machine, the other end of the telescopic push rod is fixedly connected with the displacement calibrator, the displacement calibrator is sleeved on the grating ruler, the grating ruler is fixedly installed on the installation backboard, the displacement sensor is fixedly connected with the displacement calibrator, the DSP controller is connected with the displacement sensor, and the thrust plate is fixedly installed on the installation backboard;
the spiral screw rod and the telescopic push rod are used for driving the displacement calibrator to move on the grating ruler, the displacement calibrator is used for outputting displacement in the displacement calibration process, the displacement sensor is used for outputting a voltage signal, the thrust plate is used for limiting the displacement sensor, and the DSP controller is used for converting the voltage signal of the displacement sensor into a displacement value and judging whether the extruded battery reaches an early warning state or not according to the displacement value.
Optionally, the screw rod comprises a rotating handle, a nut base, an adjusting screw rod and a screw nut, the rotating handle and the adjusting screw rod are of an integral structure, the nut base and the screw nut are sleeved on the adjusting screw rod, and the nut base is fixed at one end, close to the rotating handle, of the integral structure.
Optionally, scalable push rod includes connecting portion and pars contractilis, connecting portion be used for with extrusion test machine fixed connection, connecting portion still are used for driving the pars contractilis is flexible, pars contractilis includes a thick tubular metal resonator and a thin tubular metal resonator, thin tubular metal resonator cover is in the thick tubular metal resonator.
Optionally, the device further comprises a base.
Optionally, the base comprises legs.
Optionally, the legs are height adjustable.
Optionally, the screw nut is fixedly connected with the displacement calibrator through a detachable connecting component.
A safety early warning method for a lithium ion power battery based on penetration displacement monitoring is applied to a safety early warning system for the lithium ion power battery based on penetration displacement monitoring, and comprises the following steps:
connecting a screw nut with a displacement calibrator and rotating a rotating handle;
acquiring a first voltage signal and a first displacement;
establishing a corresponding relation between the voltage signal and the displacement according to the first voltage signal and the first displacement;
disconnecting the screw nut from the displacement calibrator and connecting the push rod with the extrusion tester;
acquiring a second voltage signal;
calculating a second displacement corresponding to a second voltage signal according to the corresponding relation between the voltage signal and the displacement;
judging whether the second displacement reaches the failure early warning displacement of the power battery;
if yes, outputting an early warning signal.
Optionally, formula x is usedfailure＝-0.5276·SOC3-0.4568·SOC2-1.503. SOC +7.899 determining the failure warning displacement of the power battery, wherein xfailureAnd (4) early warning displacement for the failure of the power battery, wherein the SOC is the capacity of the power battery.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
according to the invention, the extrusion displacement of the battery under the extrusion working condition is monitored and compared with the safety early warning displacement value, so that the safety state of the battery can be judged in time, and the early warning of the safety state of the battery is further realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium ion power battery safety early warning system based on penetration displacement monitoring according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a safety early warning method of a lithium ion power battery based on penetration displacement monitoring according to the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a safety early warning principle of a lithium ion power battery based on penetration displacement monitoring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the ability of the power battery to resist external force under different SOC according to the embodiment of the present invention;
description of the symbols: the device comprises a telescopic push rod 1, a rotary handle 2, a nut base 3, an adjusting screw rod 4, a screw rod nut 5, a detachable connecting component 6, a displacement sensor 7, a displacement sensor probe 8, a base 9, a DSP controller 10, a mounting back plate 11, a grating ruler 12, a displacement calibrator 13, a thrust plate 14 and a support leg 15.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a safety early warning system and a safety early warning method for a lithium ion power battery, which can judge the safety state of the battery in time.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lithium ion power battery safety early warning system based on penetration displacement monitoring according to the invention; as shown in fig. 1, a lithium ion power battery safety early warning system based on penetration displacement monitoring comprises a telescopic push rod 1, a rotating handle 2, a nut base 3, an adjusting screw rod 4, a screw rod nut 5, a detachable connecting component 6, a displacement sensor 7, a base 9, a DSP digital signal processing chip controller 10, an installation back plate 11, a grating ruler 12, a displacement calibrator 13, a thrust plate 14 and four support legs 15.
The telescopic push rod 1 comprises an upper connecting part and a lower telescopic part, the telescopic part comprises two thick and thin metal pipes, the thin metal pipes are sleeved in the thick metal pipes and are connected with the displacement calibrator 13 through bolts, and the length of the push rod can be changed by fixing the telescopic thick metal rods through the bolts; the rotating handle 2 is fixed at one end of an adjusting screw rod 4, the adjusting screw rod 4 is fixed on a mounting back plate 11 through a nut base 3, and then the fixing of a displacement calibration mechanism consisting of the rotating handle 2, the nut base 3, the adjusting screw rod 4 and a screw rod nut 5 is realized; the detachable connecting part 6 is connected with the displacement calibration mechanism and the displacement calibrator 13 through bolts in the displacement calibration stage, and the displacement calibration mechanism and the displacement calibrator 13 can be separated by detaching the bolts in the displacement measurement stage; the grating ruler 12 is fixedly connected to the mounting back plate 11 through bolts, the displacement calibrator 13 is sleeved on the grating ruler 12, the displacement sensor 7 is fixedly connected to the displacement calibrator 13 through a metal part in an interference manner, and then a displacement measuring mechanism consisting of the grating ruler 12, the displacement calibrator 13 and the displacement sensor 7 is fixed to the mounting back plate 11; thrust plate 14 is bolted to mounting backplate 11 to prevent movement of displacement sensor probe 8. The mounting back plate 11 is fixed on the base 9 through bolts, and four supporting legs 15 on the base 9 are made of thick bolts and used for adjusting the level of the whole system. The DSP controller 10 realizes signal communication with the displacement sensor 7 through a DuPont wire, the DSP controller 10 is placed on a mounting backboard 11 in a model in order to embody the DSP controller 10 in figure 1, the DSP controller 10 can not be directly mounted and connected with a system in the actual use process, and remote control monitoring can be realized through prolonging the DuPont wire.
The telescopic push rod 1 is used for being connected with an extrusion testing machine to realize synchronous displacement between the structure and the extrusion testing machine; the rotating handle 2-the adjusting screw rod-4 lead screw nut 5 form a displacement calibration mechanism; the displacement sensor 7 is used for recording the extruded displacement of the battery in real time; the base 9 is used for fixing the early warning equipment; the DSP controller 10 is connected with the displacement sensor 7 and directly receives a voltage signal of the displacement sensor 7, and an early warning algorithm and a displacement-voltage conversion algorithm are programmed in the DSP controller 10, so that the extruded displacement of the battery can be recorded in real time and x and the extruded displacement of the battery can be recordedfailureFailure early warning displacement comparisonWhen the obtained displacement reaches an early warning threshold value, outputting an early warning signal; the mounting back plate 11 is used for fixing each equipment component which is vertically arranged; the grating ruler 12-displacement calibrator 13-displacement sensor 7 form a movable combination body, and can be connected with a displacement calibration mechanism formed by a rotating handle 2-an adjusting screw rod 4-a screw rod nut 5 to perform displacement calibration work of the related displacement sensor 7, in the displacement calibration stage, the displacement calibration mechanism is connected with the displacement measurement mechanism through a detachable connecting part 6, the rotating handle 2 is rotated, the adjusting screw rod 4 converts rotary motion into linear motion of the displacement measurement mechanism to drive the displacement calibrator 13 to move up and down along the grating ruler 12, the motion displacement value of the displacement calibrator 13 on the grating ruler 12 and the voltage signal value of the displacement sensor 7 read by the DSP controller 10 are read, and the calibration process of displacement can be realized by fitting and calibrating displacement and voltage through MATLAB, and the corresponding relation between the voltage signal and the displacement is obtained; the thrust plate 14 is used for preventing the displacement sensor probe 8 from moving, so that relative displacement is generated inside the displacement sensor 7 and a voltage signal is output; the legs 15 are used to adjust the height of the device.
The invention also discloses a lithium ion power battery safety early warning method based on penetration displacement monitoring, as shown in figure 2, comprising the following steps:
step 201: connecting a screw nut with a displacement calibrator and rotating a rotating handle;
step 202: acquiring a first voltage signal and a first displacement;
step 203: establishing a corresponding relation between the voltage signal and the displacement according to the first voltage signal and the first displacement;
step 204: disconnecting the screw nut from the displacement calibrator and connecting the push rod with the extrusion tester;
step 205: acquiring a second voltage signal;
step 206: calculating a second displacement corresponding to a second voltage signal according to the corresponding relation between the voltage signal and the displacement;
step 207: judging whether the second displacement reaches the failure early warning displacement of the power battery;
step 208: if yes, outputting an early warning signal.
Wherein, a formula x is adoptedfailure＝-0.5276·SOC3-0.4568·SOC2-1.503. SOC +7.899 determining the failure warning displacement of the power battery, wherein xfailureAnd (4) early warning displacement for the failure of the power battery, wherein the SOC is the capacity of the power battery.
Specifically, the specific working process of the invention is as follows:
firstly, calibrating a displacement sensor, fixing the displacement sensor and the displacement calibrator together to form a combined body, then connecting a screw nut and the displacement calibrator through a detachable connecting part, so that a displacement calibration configuration is formed by the screw nut, the displacement calibrator and a grating ruler, the screw nut is positioned on an adjusting screw rod, a rotating handle is rotated, the adjusting screw rod rotates along with the screw nut, the rotating motion of the adjusting screw rod is converted into linear motion by the screw nut, the displacement sensor and the displacement calibrator are driven to move up and down along the grating ruler, a probe below the displacement sensor is prevented from moving by a thrust plate, so that relative motion is generated in the displacement sensor, further the resistance of the sensor is changed, the output voltage is changed, the voltage change is recorded by a DSP controller in real time, and meanwhile, the grating ruler outputs the displacement change of the displacement sensor and the displacement calibrator in real time, after the reading of the grating ruler is manually read out, the voltage value of the displacement sensor and the displacement value of the grating ruler are associated through MATLAB software, and then the calibration work of the displacement sensor can be completed.
And then, the power battery safety monitoring work is carried out, and before the power battery safety monitoring work is used, the detachable connecting part between the screw rod nut and the displacement sensor is firstly disconnected, so that the telescopic push rod is not limited by the adjusting screw rod to move the displacement sensor. The battery is arranged on a tray of the extrusion testing machine, the battery is extruded by the pressure head, the telescopic push rod is connected with the displacement sensor-displacement calibrator through bolts, but the displacement calibrator does not act in the process, and the telescopic push rod is pushed downwards to generate the action of moving the displacement sensor, so that the displacement sensor outputs a changed voltage signal. Scalable push rod is connected with extrusion testing machine, drives scalable push rod downstream when extrusion testing machine extrudees the battery, and scalable push rod and then drives displacement sensor and remove, because of displacement sensor below probe is stopped by the thrust plate, therefore the displacement sensor output is along with the voltage signal of displacement change, because the linear relation of voltage and displacement has been known in advance through displacement calibration work in earlier stage, therefore voltage signal is turned into the battery and is extruded displacement volume in DSP.
The displacement of the battery pressed in the DSP will be equal to xfailureComparing, when the extrusion displacement reaches xfailureWhen the failure early warning displacement (the failure early warning displacement of the power battery) occurs, the DSP outputs an early warning signal.
The invention determines xfailureThe principle of the failure early warning displacement is as follows:
the theory of the safety early warning theoretical model of the lithium ion power battery based on penetration displacement monitoring is shown in figure 3, and the equivalent mechanical structure of the model is formed by a spring (K) -damping (D)1s) series damping after parallel connection (D)2s, x (t) is input displacement, f (t) is output load force, and according to the theory of the spring-damping system, x (t) and f (t) in a time domain are represented by X(s) and f(s) in a frequency domain, so that the theory model principle in the frequency domain can be expressed by the formula (1), and the formula (2) is obtained after the theory,
in the formula D1、D2For the damping coefficient of damping, k is the spring elastic coefficient, s is the frequency domain expression symbol, s is ω t, and ω is the angular frequency.
The inverse laplace transform from frequency domain to time domain is shown in equation (3),
in the formula xo(t) and fi(t) displacement and force in the time domain, x, respectivelyo(s) and fi(s) displacement and force in the frequency domain, L, respectively-1Is the inverse laplacian transform symbol, t is time, j is the imaginary part of the imaginary number, and a is a positive real number.
The formula (2) is converted from the frequency domain to the time domain by the formula (3), the expression is shown as the formula (4x), and since the time t can be represented by the loading displacement x and the loading speed v in the experiment, the time t is shown as the loading displacement x and the loading speed v in the experiment
It is shown that,
according to the characteristics of the formula (4), the concavity and the convexity of the battery are changed from concavity to convexity in a defined domain, the first derivative of the formula (4) is shown as the formula (5), the relation between various parameters of the model and the SOC under different states of charge (SOC) obtained through experiments is shown as the formula (6), and the capacity f of the battery for resisting external forcedAs shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that when the battery deforms to a certain amount, the capacity of the battery for bearing external force changes, so that the formula (5) can be used for performing the failure early warning of the extrusion safety of the battery.
Through further analysis and calculation, the failure early warning displacement of the battery under different SOC is obtained as shown in the formula (7), and xfailureNamely failure early warning displacement. X is to befailureThe early warning can be realized by programming the expression into a DSP (digital signal processing chip) controller.
xfailure＝-0.5276·SOC3-0.4568·SOC2-1.503·SOC+7.899 (7)
Wherein x isfailureAnd (4) early warning displacement for the failure of the power battery, wherein the SOC is the capacity of the power battery.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a lithium ion power battery safety precaution system based on penetration displacement monitoring which characterized in that includes: the device comprises a spiral screw rod, a detachable connecting part, a telescopic push rod, a grating ruler, a displacement calibrator, a displacement sensor, a thrust plate, an installation back plate and a DSP controller;
the spiral screw rod is connected with a displacement calibrator through a detachable connecting part, one end of the telescopic push rod is connected with the extrusion testing machine, the other end of the telescopic push rod is fixedly connected with the displacement calibrator, the displacement calibrator is sleeved on the grating ruler, the grating ruler is fixedly installed on the installation backboard, the displacement sensor is fixedly connected with the displacement calibrator, the DSP controller is connected with the displacement sensor, and the thrust plate is fixedly installed on the installation backboard;
the spiral screw rod and the telescopic push rod are used for driving the displacement calibrator to move on the grating ruler, the displacement calibrator is used for outputting displacement in the displacement calibration process, the displacement sensor is used for outputting a voltage signal, the thrust plate is used for limiting the displacement sensor, the DSP controller is used for converting the voltage signal of the displacement sensor into a displacement value and judging whether the extruded battery reaches an early warning state or not according to the displacement value, and when the displacement value is larger than or equal to failure early warning displacement, the extruded battery reaches the early warning state and outputs an early warning signal; the calculation formula of the failure early warning displacement is as follows:
xfailure＝-0.5276·SOC3-0.4568·SOC2-1.503·SOC+7.899；
wherein x isfailureAnd (4) early warning displacement for the failure of the power battery, wherein the SOC is the capacity of the power battery.
2. The lithium-ion power battery safety early warning system based on penetration displacement monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the screw mandrel comprises a rotating handle, a nut base, an adjusting screw mandrel and a screw mandrel nut, the rotating handle and the adjusting screw mandrel are of an integral structure, the nut base and the screw mandrel nut are sleeved on the adjusting screw mandrel, and the nut base is fixed at one end of the integral structure close to the rotating handle.
3. The lithium ion power battery safety early warning system based on penetration displacement monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein the telescopic push rod comprises a connecting portion and a telescopic portion, the connecting portion is used for being fixedly connected with the extrusion testing machine, the connecting portion is also used for driving the telescopic portion to stretch, the telescopic portion comprises a thick metal pipe and a thin metal pipe, and the thin metal pipe is sleeved in the thick metal pipe.
4. The lithium-ion power battery safety early warning system based on penetration displacement monitoring of claim 1, further comprising a base.
5. The lithium-ion power battery safety precaution system based on penetration displacement monitoring of claim 4, wherein the base includes legs.
6. The lithium-ion power battery safety precaution system based on penetration displacement monitoring of claim 5, characterized in that the legs are height adjustable.
7. The lithium-ion power battery safety early warning system based on penetration displacement monitoring of claim 2, wherein the lead screw nut is fixedly connected with the displacement calibrator through a detachable connecting component.
8. A safety early warning method for a lithium ion power battery based on penetration displacement monitoring is applied to the safety early warning system for the lithium ion power battery based on penetration displacement monitoring, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
connecting a screw nut with a displacement calibrator and rotating a rotating handle;
acquiring a first voltage signal and a first displacement;
establishing a corresponding relation between the voltage signal and the displacement according to the first voltage signal and the first displacement;
disconnecting the screw nut from the displacement calibrator, and connecting the telescopic push rod with the extrusion tester;
acquiring a second voltage signal;
calculating a second displacement corresponding to a second voltage signal according to the corresponding relation between the voltage signal and the displacement;
judging whether the second displacement reaches the failure early warning displacement of the power battery;
if yes, outputting an early warning signal.
9. The lithium ion power battery safety early warning method based on penetration displacement monitoring as claimed in claim 8, wherein formula x is adoptedfailure＝-0.5276·SOC3-0.4568·SOC2-1.503. SOC +7.899 determining the failure warning displacement of the power battery, wherein xfailureAnd (4) early warning displacement for the failure of the power battery, wherein the SOC is the capacity of the power battery.
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