CN111236722A - Limit damper with variable inertial volume - Google Patents
Limit damper with variable inertial volume Download PDFInfo
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- CN111236722A CN111236722A CN202010065866.6A CN202010065866A CN111236722A CN 111236722 A CN111236722 A CN 111236722A CN 202010065866 A CN202010065866 A CN 202010065866A CN 111236722 A CN111236722 A CN 111236722A
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- hydraulic cylinder
- piston rod
- mild steel
- inertial volume
- limit damper
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
- E04H9/02—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate withstanding earthquake or sinking of ground
- E04H9/021—Bearing, supporting or connecting constructions specially adapted for such buildings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
- E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
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- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a limit damper with variable inertial volume, which comprises fixed supports, a piston, a wavy mild steel buffer limit device and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the fixed supports are arranged on a damping structure; the magnetorheological fluid is filled in the hydraulic cylinder, the inner wall of the container is provided with an electromagnetic coil, the outer wall of the container is wound with two circles of external spiral pipelines with different cross-sectional diameters, and a switch valve is arranged between each external spiral pipeline and the container; the wavy mild steel buffering and limiting device is installed on the fixed support. The device can realize that the inertial volume of being used to the container is adjustable to the power input of difference produces efficient damping effect, wave mild steel buffering stop device installed on fixing support can work with the hydraulic cylinder jointly when shock-absorbing structure produces great displacement, forms multistage power consumption combination, and avoids the structure to produce bigger displacement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of structural energy dissipation and shock absorption, in particular to a limit damper with variable inertial volume.
Background
Vibration is one of the major threats faced by civil engineering structures during use. Vibration caused by environmental factors, building use and the like can not only cause the reduction of the use comfort of the structure; in addition, the severe vibration causes structural damage, serious loss of people's lives and properties, and serious social impact. The damper is a common structural energy dissipation and shock absorption element, has small occupied volume and obvious damping effect, and with the gradual attention on structural vibration control in recent years, engineers conduct extensive research and practice on the damper from the structural and material level aiming at different structural types and vibration forms, and develop various novel dampers with new structures and new materials.
The inerter is a novel structural control element with acceleration correlation at two end points, can realize flexible adjustment of inertia and adjustment of frequency, changes structural inertia while basically not changing physical mass of a structure, and improves energy consumption efficiency of an energy dissipater in an inerter system.
However, the additional mass of the damper needs to be added by utilizing the energy consumption effect of the damper of the conventional inertial container, most of the dampers utilizing the conventional inertial container do not have adjustability, the self inertial container can not be adjusted according to different dynamic characteristics, and the requirements of multistage shock absorption and energy dissipation are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to achieve the same energy dissipation and shock absorption effects by using smaller additional mass, realize self inertia capacity adjustment aiming at different dynamic characteristics and provide a damper with multi-stage shock absorption and energy dissipation measures.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a limit damper with variable inertial volume comprises a pair of fixed supports, a piston rod and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the piston rod and the hydraulic cylinder are arranged between the pair of fixed supports;
the piston rod penetrates through the middle of the hydraulic cylinder, a piston head is arranged in the middle of the piston rod and is positioned in the hydraulic cylinder, and magnetorheological fluid is filled in the hydraulic cylinder;
the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder is wound with an electromagnetic coil, one or more external spiral pipelines communicated with the interior of the hydraulic cylinder are wound outside the hydraulic cylinder, and a flow switch valve is arranged at the joint of the external spiral pipelines and the hydraulic cylinder.
When the device is applied, the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the structure, when the structure vibrates less, the structure generates interlayer displacement, the displacement of the upper structure drives the interlayer cross brace to generate displacement, the interlayer cross brace drives the hydraulic cylinder to generate displacement, and the piston rod is fixed at the lower layer through the fixed support, so that the hydraulic cylinder and the piston rod slide relatively, the movement of the piston rod in the hydraulic cylinder enables the magnetorheological fluid in the hydraulic cylinder to be extruded or stretched, the volume of the liquid is difficult to compress, the liquid enters the external spiral pipeline through the passage of the hydraulic cylinder and the external spiral pipeline, the flow cross-sectional area of the liquid is rapidly reduced after entering the external spiral pipeline, the flow velocity of the liquid entering the external spiral pipeline is rapidly increased compared with the flow velocity of the liquid inside the hydraulic cylinder, the movement radius is increased, the inertial volume of the system is enlarged, and the absorption of; the liquid enters the outer spiral pipe at one end of the hydraulic cylinder and flows back to the hydraulic cylinder from the other end of the outer spiral pipe, which is also the other end of the hydraulic cylinder.
The inner wall of the liquid cylinder is provided with the electromagnetic coil, the winding direction of the electromagnetic coil is perpendicular to the flowing direction of liquid in the outer spiral pipeline, and according to the electromagnetic property of the magnetorheological fluid, the magnetic induction line is cut when the magnetorheological fluid flows, so that the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid is increased, and the energy consumption for the magnetorheological fluid to flow is increased.
When the structure vibration is large, the magnetorheological fluid can circulate between the hydraulic cylinder and the outer spiral pipeline through different outer spiral pipelines, and the energy consumption capacity of the device is further improved.
Furthermore, spacing buffer gear includes wave mild steel and rubber liner, wave mild steel one end is connected with fixing support, the other end with the rubber liner is connected, the rubber liner with the tip rigid coupling of piston rod, when the relative piston of hydraulic cylinder produced great displacement, hydraulic cylinder tip contact wave mild steel and rubber liner, and the interaction force passes through the rubber liner and transmits the wave mild steel to the wave mild steel, makes wave mild steel take place deformation and even bucking, reaches restriction hydraulic cylinder displacement and power consumption's purpose.
When the interlayer displacement of the structure reaches a certain value, the sliding range of the hydraulic cylinder relative to the piston rod is increased, the end part of the hydraulic cylinder is in contact with the rubber pad of the soft steel buffer device and extrudes the rubber pad and the wavy soft steel, the energy consumption of the device is increased due to the deformation of the rubber pad and the wavy soft steel, and the damage to the piston rod and the fixed supports at the two ends of the piston rod due to the overlarge movement range of the hydraulic cylinder is avoided.
Further, the wavy mild steel is installed on the fixed support through bolts and connected with the rubber gasket through bolts.
Further, the outside of hydraulic cylinder is around establishing first outer spiral pipeline and second outer spiral pipeline, the diameter of first outer spiral pipeline is greater than second outer spiral pipeline hydraulic cylinder and first outer spiral pipeline junction are equipped with first flow switch valve the outer spiral pipeline junction of hydraulic cylinder and second is equipped with second flow switch valve, and the hydraulic cylinder utilizes the ratio of piston area and the outer spiral pipeline cross sectional area of first outer spiral pipeline and second, and the effect is the inertial mass of amplification device.
Further, the ratio of the cross-sectional diameters of the first outer spiral pipe and the second outer spiral pipe is 2: 1.
furthermore, the distance between the fixed supports is 8-15 times of the height of the single fixed support, and the fixed supports are made of steel.
Further, the fixed support is fixed on the damping structure through bolts.
Furthermore, the horizontal two ends of the side wall of the hydraulic cylinder are provided with connecting pieces used for being connected with a damping structure.
Further, the hydraulic cylinder is a cylindrical container with a circular section, the diameter of the piston rod is not less than 1/5 of the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder, and the diameter of the piston head is slightly less than the diameter of the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder, so that the inside of the hydraulic cylinder is divided into two areas.
Furthermore, the flow switch valve is controlled by electronic induction, the inductor is installed on the outer wall of the hydraulic cylinder, and when the absolute acceleration of the hydraulic cylinder reaches a certain value, the flow switch valve is opened to enable the interior of the hydraulic cylinder to be communicated with the external spiral pipeline.
The mechanism of the invention is that the damper comprises a hydraulic inerter unit and a wavy mild steel buffering and limiting unit, wherein a hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic pipe container unit is arranged on a piston and slides along the piston, two ends of the piston are arranged on a fixed support, and the fixed support is fixedly arranged on a lower structure. The two sides of the hydraulic cylinder are connected with the interlayer cross braces through connecting pieces so as to form connection with the upper structure, and when the structure is subjected to interlayer displacement, the hydraulic cylinder is driven to slide relative to the piston, so that magnetorheological fluid in the hydraulic cylinder flows and completes circulation of the hydraulic cylinder, an external spiral pipeline and the hydraulic cylinder, and a first-stage energy dissipation and shock absorption mode is formed; when the structure vibrates greatly, when the acceleration sensing device arranged at one end of the hydraulic cylinder monitors that the absolute acceleration of the hydraulic cylinder reaches a certain value, the first flow switch valve is opened, so that the magnetorheological fluid completes flow circulation from the first outer spiral pipeline and the second outer spiral pipeline, the energy consumption capacity of the hydraulic inertial container unit is increased, and a second-stage energy dissipation and shock absorption mode is formed; when the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder relative to the piston is further increased, the end part of the hydraulic cylinder is in contact with a rubber gasket at the end part of a wavy mild steel buffering limiting device arranged on the fixed support, the impact force is transmitted to the wavy mild steel through the rubber gasket, the deformation of the mild steel further dissipates the energy input into the damper, and the increase of the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder is limited.
The invention has high damping characteristic under the condition of low additional mass and multiple energy consumption mechanisms, comprises a hydraulic inerter unit and a wavy mild steel buffering and limiting unit, plays corresponding energy consumption functions under different vibration strengths, and has continuous and effective energy consumption effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) by using the inertial volume principle, the damper has larger inertia based on smaller additional mass, thereby improving the energy consumption effect of the damper.
(2) The inertia capacity of the damper can be changed by utilizing the flow switch valve, and a multi-stage energy consumption mechanism is formed.
(3) Under the condition of large displacement between structural layers, the wavy mild steel buffering and limiting device participates in work, so that the energy consumption capacity of the damping system is greatly improved, and the overlarge displacement of the hydraulic type inertial container is effectively limited.
(4) The system has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability, low maintenance cost and simple replacement technology of the wavy mild steel buffering limiting device, and is suitable for the anti-seismic requirement in the whole life cycle of the building.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a side view of a variable inertance damper of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a position-limiting damper with variable inertial volume according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of a hydraulic inerter of a variable inerter limit damper according to an embodiment of the invention;
in the figure, 1 is a fixed support, 2 is wave-shaped mild steel, 3 is a rubber pad, 4 is a hydraulic cylinder, 5 is an electromagnetic coil, 6 is a first external spiral pipeline, 7 is a second external spiral pipeline, 8 is a first flow switch valve, 9 is a second flow switch valve, 10 is magnetorheological fluid, 11 is a connecting piece, and 12 is a piston rod.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the limit damper with variable inertial volume is composed of a fixed support 1, a wavy mild steel 2, a rubber pad 3, a hydraulic cylinder 4, an electromagnetic coil 5, a first external spiral pipeline 6, a second external spiral pipeline 7, a first flow switch valve 8, a second flow switch valve 9, magnetorheological fluid 10, a connecting piece 11 and a piston rod 12.
The method comprises the steps of fixedly installing fixed supports 1 on a lower structure, installing a piston rod 12 between the two fixed supports 1, installing a hydraulic cylinder 4 in the middle of the piston rod 12 to enable the piston head to be located inside the hydraulic cylinder 4, installing an electromagnetic coil 5 on the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder in a winding mode, connecting the end portion of the hydraulic cylinder 4 with a first outer spiral pipeline 6 and a second outer spiral pipeline 7, installing a first flow switch valve 8 at the joint of the hydraulic cylinder 4 and the first outer spiral pipeline 6, installing a second flow switch valve 9 at the joint of the hydraulic cylinder 4 and the second outer spiral pipeline 7, filling magnetorheological fluid 10 inside the hydraulic cylinder 4 and the first outer spiral pipeline 6, and filling the first flow switch valve 8 and the second flow switch valve 9 inside the second outer spiral pipeline 7 in an initial state, wherein the first flow switch valve 8 is closed and the second flow switch. When the hydraulic cylinder 4 slides relative to the piston rod 12, the magnetorheological fluid 10 in the hydraulic cylinder 4 flows to complete the flow circulation of the hydraulic cylinder 4-the first external spiral pipeline 6 (B7) -the hydraulic cylinder 4, the magnetic induction lines are cut, the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid is effectively improved, the damping is increased, and the energy consumption of the device is improved.
The hydraulic cylinders 4 are connected to the inter-floor shear braces by means of connecting pieces 11, thus forming a connection with the superstructure. The wavy mild steel 2 is installed at the joint of the two ends of the piston rod 12 and the fixed support 1 through bolts, and the rubber pad 3 is installed on the other side of the wavy mild steel through bolts, so that the impact force of the hydraulic cylinder 4 is transmitted to the wavy mild steel 2, and the instantaneous impact force is reduced.
The damper is mounted to a structure, the structure of which is shown in fig. 1.
In the embodiment, a building plane with 7mx7m is provided, two fixed supports are installed on a building structural surface, the plane size of each fixed support is 60cmx90cm, the height of each fixed support is 60cm, the clear distance between the two fixed supports is 2.5m, and the fixed supports are fixed on the structural surface through bolts. The piston is arranged between the fixed supports, the diameter of the piston rod is 15cm, the diameter of the piston head is 40cm, and the position of the piston head is at the middle point of the piston rod. The hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the middle of the piston rod, the piston head is located in the hydraulic cylinder, the outer length of the hydraulic cylinder is 80cm, the inner diameter of the hydraulic cylinder is 41.1cm, the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with an electromagnetic coil part wound by 1cm in thickness, the wall thickness of the hydraulic cylinder is 3cm, the hydraulic cylinder is externally connected with a first external spiral pipeline and a second external spiral pipeline, the inner diameter of the first external spiral pipeline is 4cm, the inner diameter of the second external spiral pipeline is 2cm, and the wall thickness of the external spiral pipeline is 0.5 cm. The joint of the hydraulic cylinder and the first external spiral pipeline is provided with a first flow switch valve, and the joint of the hydraulic cylinder and the second external spiral pipeline is provided with a second flow switch valve. The end part of the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a connecting piece which is connected with the interlayer cross brace to form connection with the upper structure. The two ends of the piston rod are provided with wavy mild steel through bolts, the wall thickness of the wavy mild steel is 1.5cm, the half wavelength is 5cm, the wave crest is 10cm, and the total length of the wavy mild steel is 60 cm. And a rubber pad is arranged on the outer side of the wavy mild steel through a bolt, and is annular, and the inner diameter of the rubber pad is 25cm, and the outer diameter of the rubber pad is 35 cm.
The hydraulic cylinder 4, the electromagnetic coil 5, the first external spiral pipeline 6, the second external spiral pipeline 7, the first flow switch valve 8, the second flow switch valve 9, the magnetorheological fluid 10, the connecting piece 11 and the piston rod 12 jointly form a hydraulic inertial container unit. When the structure generates interlayer displacement, the hydraulic cylinder 4 and the piston rod 12 are driven to relatively slide, so that the magnetorheological fluid 10 in the hydraulic cylinder flows, the flowing circulation of the hydraulic cylinder 4-the first external spiral pipeline 6 (B7) -the hydraulic cylinder 4 is completed, the magnetorheological fluid 10 flows to cut magnetic induction lines, the viscosity is increased, and the energy consumption of the device is increased. The wavy mild steel 2 and the rubber pad 3 form a wavy mild steel buffering limiting unit which is an energy consumption unit which plays a role when the structural displacement is large.
When the structure vibration is small, only the damping generated by the sliding of the hydraulic cylinder 4 relative to the piston rod 12 consumes energy; when the structural vibration is large, the magnetorheological fluid 10 in the two channels flows and circulates in the hydraulic cylinder 4, the energy consumption capacity of the hydraulic inerter unit is improved, meanwhile, the wavy mild steel buffering limiting unit participates in working, the overall energy consumption capacity of the damper is improved, and the excessive displacement of the hydraulic cylinder 4 relative to the piston rod 12 is limited.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The limit damper with the variable inertial volume is characterized by comprising a pair of fixed supports (1), a piston rod (12) and a hydraulic cylinder (4), wherein the piston rod (12) and the hydraulic cylinder (4) are arranged between the pair of fixed supports (1), and two ends of the piston rod (12) are connected with the fixed supports (1) through limit buffer mechanisms;
the piston rod (12) penetrates through the middle of the hydraulic cylinder (4), a piston head is arranged in the middle of the piston rod (12), the piston head is located in the hydraulic cylinder (4), and magnetorheological fluid (10) is filled in the hydraulic cylinder (4);
the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder (4) is wound with an electromagnetic coil (5), one or more external spiral pipelines communicated with the interior of the hydraulic cylinder (4) are wound on the exterior of the hydraulic cylinder (4), and a flow switch valve is arranged at the joint of the external spiral pipelines and the hydraulic cylinder (4).
2. The limit damper with variable inertial volume according to claim 1, characterized in that the limit buffering mechanism comprises a wavy mild steel (2) and a rubber gasket (3), one end of the wavy mild steel (2) is connected with the fixed support (1), the other end is connected with the rubber gasket (3), and the rubber gasket (3) is fixedly connected with the end of the piston rod (12).
3. Limit damper with variable inertial volume according to claim 2, characterized in that the said wavy mild steel (2) is mounted on the fixed support (1) by means of bolts, connected with the said rubber gasket (3) by means of bolts.
4. The limit damper with variable inertia capacity of claim 1, wherein a first outer spiral pipe (6) and a second outer spiral pipe (7) are wound outside the hydraulic cylinder (4), the diameter of the first outer spiral pipe (6) is larger than that of the second outer spiral pipe (7), a first flow switch valve (8) is arranged at the joint of the hydraulic cylinder (4) and the first outer spiral pipe (6), and a second flow switch valve (9) is arranged at the joint of the hydraulic cylinder (4) and the second outer spiral pipe (7).
5. Limit damper with variable inertial volume according to claim 4, characterized in that the ratio of the diameters of the sections of the first (6) and second (7) external helical ducts is 2: 1.
6. the limit damper with variable inertial volume according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance between the fixed abutments is 8-15 times the height of a single fixed abutment.
7. Limit damper with variable inertial volume according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixed support (1) is fixed on the shock-absorbing structure by means of bolts.
8. Limit damper with variable inertial volume according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal ends of the lateral walls of the hydraulic cylinder (4) are provided with connectors (11) for connection with the shock-absorbing structure.
9. The limit damper with variable inertial volume according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder is a cylindrical container with a circular section, the diameter of the piston rod is not less than 1/5 of the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder, and the diameter of the piston head is slightly less than the diameter of the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder.
10. The limit damper with variable inertial volume according to claim 1, characterized in that the flow switching valve is controlled by electronic induction.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010065866.6A CN111236722B (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Limit damper with variable inertial volume |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010065866.6A CN111236722B (en) | 2020-01-20 | 2020-01-20 | Limit damper with variable inertial volume |
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| CN111236722A true CN111236722A (en) | 2020-06-05 |
| CN111236722B CN111236722B (en) | 2021-06-04 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114033828A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-11 | 广州大学 | Novel hydraulic inertia capacity shock absorption device |
| CN115789160A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-14 | 福州大学 | Magnetorheological hydraulic inertial volume damper and control method thereof |
| FR3127795A1 (en) * | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-07 | Psa Automobiles Sa | INERTIAL SUSPENSION DEVICE, AXLE SYSTEM AND VEHICLE BASED ON SUCH SYSTEM |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205136453U (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-04-06 | 江苏大学 | Variably be used to dual circuit liquid of matter coefficient and be used to container |
| CN107387651A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-11-24 | 福州大学 | A kind of variation rigidity MR damper and its control method |
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2020
- 2020-01-20 CN CN202010065866.6A patent/CN111236722B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN205136453U (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-04-06 | 江苏大学 | Variably be used to dual circuit liquid of matter coefficient and be used to container |
| CN107387651A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-11-24 | 福州大学 | A kind of variation rigidity MR damper and its control method |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3127795A1 (en) * | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-07 | Psa Automobiles Sa | INERTIAL SUSPENSION DEVICE, AXLE SYSTEM AND VEHICLE BASED ON SUCH SYSTEM |
| WO2023057696A1 (en) * | 2021-10-04 | 2023-04-13 | Psa Automobiles Sa | Inertial suspension device, axle system and vehicle based on such a system |
| CN114033828A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-02-11 | 广州大学 | Novel hydraulic inertia capacity shock absorption device |
| CN114033828B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-07-14 | 广州大学 | Novel hydraulic type inertial damping device |
| CN115789160A (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2023-03-14 | 福州大学 | Magnetorheological hydraulic inertial volume damper and control method thereof |
| CN115789160B (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2024-05-03 | 福州大学 | Magnetorheological hydraulic inertia Rong Zuni device and control method thereof |
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| CN111236722B (en) | 2021-06-04 |
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