CN111233916A - Long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111233916A
CN111233916A CN202010081446.7A CN202010081446A CN111233916A CN 111233916 A CN111233916 A CN 111233916A CN 202010081446 A CN202010081446 A CN 202010081446A CN 111233916 A CN111233916 A CN 111233916A
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silane
bis
polysulfide
ether
sulfur
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陶再山
李春华
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Nanjing Shuguang Fine Chemical Co ltd
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Nanjing Shuguang Fine Chemical Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic System
    • C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
    • C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
    • C07F7/18—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages as well as one or more C—O—Si linkages
    • C07F7/1804—Compounds having Si-O-C linkages
    • C07F7/1872—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20
    • C07F7/1892—Preparation; Treatments not provided for in C07F7/20 by reactions not provided for in C07F7/1876 - C07F7/1888
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
    • C08K5/548—Silicon-containing compounds containing sulfur
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
    • C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group

Abstract

The invention provides a long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent has a structural general formula as follows: [ (X)mX’nX”3‑m‑n)SiCaH2a]bScYd(ii) a And mixtures, partial hydrolysates, oligomers, polymers of the above compounds of the general structure or mixtures thereof; the a is 4, 5, 6 … 10 or the average value of a is more than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 10. And silicon of the specific carbon chain lengthAlkanes are particularly useful as silane coupling agents for elastomeric compositions, such as rubber formulations employed in the manufacture of tires. The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent can realize better cured rubber filling performance by improving the dispersion of the filler in the rubber composition, thereby improving the comprehensive performance of rubber products.

Description

Long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent, and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent with restricted length, a preparation method thereof and application in rubber.
Background
The use of sulfur-containing silane coupling agents in rubber has been a well established commercial practice, particularly in green tires. The sulfur-containing silane coupling agent contains basic elements of sulfur and silicon, one end of the silicon-containing element is called an inorganic group part and is used for being connected with the inorganic filler, one end of the sulfur-containing element is called an organic group part and is used for being combined with vulcanized rubber, and two groups with different performances respectively perform chemical reaction with the inorganic filler and an organic matter to generate a chemical bond or a covalent bond, so that the sulfur-containing silane coupling agent has the effect of a coupling agent between the inorganic filler and the organic matter.
Sulfur-containing silane coupling agents, which generally contain the following organic groups: -SH (mercapto), -S- (polysulfide), -S-C (═ O) - (thiocarboxylic acid group), -SCN (thiocyano), etc., and inorganic groups: -SiR3(R is a hydroxyl group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkyl polyether group, etc., or a mixture thereof). At present, whether in research application or products of industrial mass production and application, the group connecting the silicon element and the sulfur element is a divalent propyl group-C containing 3 carbons3H6-, or as a propyl group-C3H6Further groups, such as phenyl, -C ═ O, etc., are added to the prototype. Because the carbon chain of the divalent propyl group is not long enough, the inorganic filler such as white carbon black modified by the sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the type cannot have enough distance between the particles of the inorganic filler and is easy to reunite, cannot be fully dispersed in the rubber composition, and is applied to the final rubber product to influence the full play of the coupling performance and the performance of the rubber product. Therefore, the structure of the sulfur-containing silane coupling agent should be redesigned to improve the coupling performance of the sulfur-containing silane coupling agent and its related applications, improve the processing operation of the rubber composition and enhance the performance of the rubber product.
As the prior art, sulfur-containing silane coupling agents containing the above organic groups and inorganic groups are disclosed, and the structural general formula thereof mentions that the silicon element and the sulfur element are connected by alkyl, but the specific structure of the alkyl group with more than 3 carbons connecting the silicon element and the sulfur element is not disclosed, and the application of the compounds as potential sulfur-containing silane coupling agents is not disclosed, nor the advantages of the compounds in the application as potential sulfur-containing silane coupling agents are disclosed or suggested in any way.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Technical problem to be solved
With the problems and disadvantages of the prior art in mind, it is an object of the present invention to provide a novel product of a sulfur-containing silane coupling agent, namely, a long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent, another object of the present invention to provide a method for synthesizing a long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane, and yet another object of the present invention to provide a rubber composition containing the above-mentioned long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent, and to produce a rubber article.
The silane of the present invention is a long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent in which the linking group between silicon and sulfur is a divalent alkyl group of not less than 4 carbons and not more than 10 carbons, that is, a long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent having a specific constraint length. Specifically, the sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the present invention is a silane coupling agent in which the length between a sulfur-containing organic group and a silicon-containing inorganic group is appropriately increased to have an optimum constraint distance therebetween. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the sulfur-containing silane coupling agent. The invention also discloses a rubber composition containing the sulfur-containing silane coupling agent and a rubber product.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent has the structural general formula as follows:
[(XmX’nX”3-m-n)SiCaH2a]bScYdgeneral formula (I)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(i) m and n are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, b is 1 or 2, c is 1-10, and d is 0 or 1;
(ii) x, X ' and X ' are the same OR different and independently represent hydrogen, hydroxy, straight, cyclic OR branched alkyl, alkoxy, R (OR ')LO-, R (═ O) O-, -ORO-, or N (RO-)3At least one of X, X ' and X ' is reactive (i.e., hydrolyzable), R, R ' each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group, and L has an average value of 1 to 30;
(iii) y represents hydrogen-H, cyano-CN, acyloxy-C (═ O) R '(R' is straight chain or branched chain alkyl and alkoxy with 1-20 carbon atoms);
and mixtures, partial hydrolysates, oligomers, polymers of the above compounds of the general structure or mixtures thereof;
characterized in that a is 4, 5, 6 … 10 or the average value of a is 4-10.
The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent includes, depending on the sulfur-containing group: long carbon chain based polysulfide silane coupling agents, long carbon chain based mercapto silane compounds, long carbon chain based thiocyano silane compounds, long carbon chain based thiocarboxylic silane compounds, and partial hydrolyzates, oligomers, polymers thereof, or mixtures thereof; wherein the long carbon chain group refers to a connecting group between sulfur and silicon, and the specific structure is-CaH2a-, a is 4, 5, 6 … 10 or the average value of a is 4. ltoreq. a.ltoreq.10.
Further, X, X ' and X ' are independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, stearoyloxy, oleanoyloxy, ethyl polyethylene ether, propyl polypropylene ether, tridecyl polyethylene ether, tridecyl polypropylene ether, ethylene glycol subunit, 1, 3-propylene glycol subunit, 2-methyl-1, 3-propylene glycol subunit or 2,2 ' -nitrilotriethoxy.
Further, X, X 'and X' are the same.
Further, X and X 'are the same, and X' is different.
Further, the X, X 'and X' are all different.
Furthermore, at least one of X, X ' and X ' is one of methyl, ethyl, stearic acyloxy, oleic acyloxy, ethyl polyethylene ether, propyl polypropylene ether, tridecyl polyethylene ether, tridecyl polypropylene ether, ethylene glycol subunit, 1, 3-propylene glycol subunit, 2-methyl-1, 3-propylene glycol subunit or 2,2 ' -nitrilotriethoxy.
Further, at least one of X, X 'and X' is methoxy or ethoxy.
Furthermore, at least one of X, X 'and X' is hydroxyl.
Further, R' is one of hexyl, heptyl and octyl or a mixture thereof.
Further, representative examples of long carbon chain sulfur-containing silanes of the present invention include, but are not limited to: bis (trimethoxysilylbutyl) polysulfide, bis (trimethoxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (trimethoxysilylhexyl) polysulfide, bis (trimethoxysilylheptyl) polysulfide, bis (trimethoxysilyloctyl) polysulfide, bis (trimethoxysilylnonyl) polysulfide, bis (trimethoxysilyldecyl) polysulfide, bis (triethoxysilyl) polysulfide, bis (triethoxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (triethoxysilyl) polysulfide, bis (triethoxysilheptyl) polysulfide, bis (triethoxysiloctyl) polysulfide, bis (triethoxysilnonyl) polysulfide, bis (triethoxysildecyl) polysulfide, bis (triisopropoxybutyl) polysulfide, bis (triisopropoxyphenyl) polysulfide, bis (triisopropoxysilicoheptyl) polysulfide, bis (triisopropoxysilicooctyl) polysulfide, bis (triisopropoxysiononyl) polysulfide, bis (triisopropoxysilicodecyl) polysulfide, bis (2,2 ' -nitrilotriethoxysilylbutyl) polysulfide, bis (2,2 ' -nitrilotriethoxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (2,2 ' -nitrilotriethoxysilylhexyl) polysulfide, bis (2,2 ' -nitrilotriethoxysilylheptyl) polysulfide, bis (2,2 ' -nitrilotriethoxysilyloctyl) polysulfide, bis (2,2 ' -nitrilotriethoxysilylnonyl) polysulfide, bis (2,2 ' -nitrilotriethoxysilyldecyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldimethoxysilylbutyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldimethoxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldimethoxysilohexyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldimethoxysilyloctyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldimethoxysilonoyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldimethoxysiladecyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylmethoxysilylbutyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylmethoxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylmethoxyhexyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylmethoxyheptyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylmethoxyoctyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylmethoxynonyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylmethoxydecyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiethoxysilylbutyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiethoxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiethoxysilylhexyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiethoxysilylheptyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiethoxysilyloctyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiethoxysilylnonyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiethoxysilyldecyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylethoxysilbutyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylethoxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylethoxysilyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylethoxysilylheptyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylethoxysilyloctyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylethoxysilonoyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylethoxysildecyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiisopropyloxysilylbutyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiisopropyloxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiisopropyloxysilylhexyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiisopropyloxysilyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiisopropyloxysilyl octyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiisopropyloxysilonyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiisopropyloxysilyldecyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylisopropoxysilylbutyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylisopropoxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylisopropoxysilylhexyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylisopropoxysilylheptyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylisopropoxysilyloctyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylisopropoxysilylnonyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylisopropoxysilyldecyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiisacyloxybutyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiisacyloxypentyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldiisacyloxyhexyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldioctadecanoxysilylheptyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldioctadecanoxysilyloctyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldioctadecanoxysilylnonyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldioctadecanoxysilyldecyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylstearoyloxybutylpolysulfide, bis (dimethylstearoyloxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylstearoyloxyhexyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylstearoyloxyheptyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylstearoyloxyoctylsyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylstearoyloxynonyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethylstearoyloxydecyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldioctadecanoyloxybutylyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldioctadecanoxysilylamyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldialkenoyl oxylsilyl) polysulfide, bis (methyldialkenyl acyloxylsilyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethyloleanoyloxysilylbutyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethyloleanoyloxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethyloleanoyloxysilyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethyloleanoyloxyheptyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethyloleanoyloxyoctyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethyloleanoyloxysilylnonyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethyloleanoyloxydecyl) polysulfide, bis (methoxydistearoyloxybutylyl) polysulfide, bis (methoxydistearoyloxylsilyl) polysulfide, bis (methoxydistearoyl oxysilyl) polysulfide, bis (methoxydistearoyl silylheptyl) polysulfide, bis (methoxydistearoyl siloxy) polysulfide, bis (dimethoxystearoyl acyloxy) pentyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethoxystearoyl acyloxy silylheptyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethoxystearoyl acyloxy) nonyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethoxystearoyl acyloxy) polysulfide, bis (methoxydioleayl acyloxy silylbutyl) polysulfide, bis (methoxydioleacyloxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (methoxydioleacyloxysilylhexyl) polysulfide, bis (methoxydioleacyloxysilylheptyl) polysulfide, bis (methoxydioleacyloxysilyloctyl) polysulfide, bis (methoxydioleacyloxysilonoyl) polysulfide, bis (methoxydioleacyloxysilyldecyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethoxyoleanoyloxybutylyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethoxyoleanoyloxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethoxyoleanoyloxysilylhexyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethoxyoleanoyloxyheptyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethoxyoleanoyloxysilyloctyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethoxyoleanoyloxysilylnonyl) polysulfide, bis (dimethoxyoleanoyloxysilyldecyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxydistearoyloxybutylsilyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxydistearoyloxysilylpentyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxydistearoyloxysilylhexyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxydistearoyloxysilyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxydistearoyloxysilyloctyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxydistearoyloxysilonoyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxydistearoyloxysilyldecyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxystearoyloxybutylsilyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxystearoyloxypentyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxystearoyloxysilyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxystearoyloxysilylheptyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxystearoyloxybutyloxyinyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxystearoyloxynonyloxyinylnonyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxy stearic acid acyloxy siladecyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxy dioleacyl acyloxy silabutyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxy dioleacyl acyloxy silapentyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxy dioleacyl acyloxy silahexyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxy dioleacyl acyloxy silaheptyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxy dioleacyl acyloxy silaoctyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxy dioleacyl acyloxy silanonyl) polysulfide, bis (ethoxy dioleacyl acyloxy siladecyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxy oleic acid acyloxy silabutyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxy oleic acid acyloxy silapentyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxy oleic acid acyloxy hexyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxy oleic acid acyloxy silaheptyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxy oleic acid acyloxy silaoctyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxyoleanoyloxysilylnonyl) polysulfide, bis (diethoxyoleanoyloxysilyldecyl) polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (ethylpolyether) silylbutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (ethylpolyether) silylpentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (ethylpolyether) silylhexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (ethylpolyether) silylheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (ethylpolyether) silyloctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (ethylpolyether) silylnonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (ethylpolyether) silyldecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (ethylpolyether) silylbutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (ethylpolyether) silylpentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (ethylpolyether) silylhexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (ethyl polyethylene ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (ethyl polyethylene ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (ethyl polyethylene ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (ethyl polyethylene ether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (ethyl polyethylene ether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (ethyl polyethylene ether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (ethyl polyethylene ether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (ethyl polyethylene ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (ethyl polyethylene ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (ethyl polyethylene ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (ethyl polyethylene ether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (ethyl polyethylene) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (ethyl polyethylene ether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (ethyl polyethylene ether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (ethyl polyethylene ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (ethyl polyethylene ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (ethyl polyethylene ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (ethyl polyethylene ether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (ethylpolyether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (ethylpolyether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (ethylpolyether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (ethylpolyether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (ethylpolyether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (ethylpolyether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (ethylpolyether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (ethylpolyether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyldi (propylpolypropylether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyldi (propylpolypropylether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyldi (propylpolypropylether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyldi (propylpolypropylether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl di (propyl polypropylether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl di (propyl polypropylether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl di (propyl polypropylether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (propyl polypropylether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (propyl polypropylether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (propyl polypropylether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (propyl polypropylether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (propyl polypropylether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (propyl polypropylether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (propyl polypropylether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silanyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (propyl polypropylether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silanyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (propylpolypropylether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (propylpolypropylether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (propylpolypropylether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (propylpolypropylether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (propylpolypropylether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (propylpolypropylether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (propylpolypropylether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (propylpolypropylether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (tridecylpolyethylether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (tridecylpolyethylether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (tridecylpolyethylether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (tridecylpolyethylether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (tridecylpolyethylether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (tridecylpolyethylether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl bis (tridecylpolyethylether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolyethylether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolyethylether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silacyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silanyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silacyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecyl polyethylene ether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecyl polyethylene ether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecyl polyethylene ether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecyl polyethylene ether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecyl polyethylene ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecyl polyethylene ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecyl polyethylene ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecyl polyethylene ether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy di (tridecyl polyethylene ether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy di (tridecyl polyethylene ether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy di (tridecyl polyethylene ether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silylbutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silylpentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silylhexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silylheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silyloctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silylnonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silyldecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silylbutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silylpentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silylhexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silylheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) siloxy ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silono ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxydi (tridecylpolypropylene ether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ diethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (ethyleneglycol subunit) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (ethyleneglycol subunit) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silanyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silanyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silanonyl polysulfide, bis [ methyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silaoctyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silanonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ methoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) siladecyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silabutyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silapentyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silahexyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silaheptyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silicon octyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silicon nonyl ] polysulfide, bis [ ethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silicon decyl ] polysulfide, mercaptobutyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptopentyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptohexyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptoheptyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptooctyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptononyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptodecyltrimethoxysilane, mercaptobutyltriethoxysilane, mercaptopentyltriethoxysilane, mercaptohexyltriethoxysilane, mercaptoheptyltriethoxysilane, mercaptooctyltriethoxysilane, mercaptononyltriethoxysilane, mercaptodecyltriethoxysilane, mercaptobutyl (2, 2', 2 "-nitrilotriethoxy) silane, mercaptopentyl (2,2 ', 2" -nitrilotriethoxy) silane, mercaptohexyl (2, 2', 2 "-nitrilotriethoxy) silane, mercaptoheptyl (2,2 ', 2" -nitrilotriethoxy) silane, mercaptooctyl (2, 2', 2 "-nitrilotriethoxy) silane, mercaptononyl (2,2 ', 2" -nitrilotriethoxy) silane, mercaptodecyl (2, 2', 2 "-nitrilotriethoxy) silane, mercaptobutyltriisopropoxysilane, mercaptopentyltriisopropoxysilane, mercaptohexyl triisopropoxysilane, mercaptoheptyl triisopropoxysilane, mercaptooctyl triisopropoxysilane, mercaptononyl triisopropoxysilane, mercaptodecyl triisopropoxysilane, mercaptobutylmethyldimethoxysilane, mercaptopentylmethyldimethoxysilane, mercaptohexylmethyldimethoxysilane, mercaptoheptylmethyldimethoxysilane, mercaptooctylmethyldimethoxysilane, mercaptononylmethyldimethoxysilane, mercaptodecylmethyldimethoxysilane, mercaptobutyldimethylmethoxysilane, mercaptopentyldimethoxysilane, mercaptohexyldimethylmethoxysilane, mercaptoheptyldimethylmethoxysilane, mercaptooctyldimethylmethoxysilane, mercaptononyldimethylmethoxysilane, mercaptodecyldimethylmethoxysilane, mercaptobutylmethyldiethoxysilane, mercaptopentylmethyldiethoxysilane, mercaptomethyldiethoxysilane, mercaptoheptylmethyldiethoxysilane, mercaptooctylmethyldiethoxysilane, mercaptononylphenyldiethoxysilane, mercaptomethyldiethoxysilane, mercaptobutyldimethylethoxysilane, mercaptopentyldimethylethoxysilane, mercaptodimethylethoxysilane, mercaptohexyldimethylethoxysilane, mercaptoheptyldimethylethoxysilane, mercaptooctyldimethylethoxysilane, mercaptononyldimethylethoxysilane, mercaptodecyldimethylethoxysilane, mercaptobutylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, mercaptopentylmethyldiisopropoxysilane, mercaptohexylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, mercaptoheptylmethyldiisopropoxysilane, mercaptooctylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, mercaptononylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, mercaptodecylmethyldiisopropoxysilane, mercaptobutyldimethylisopropoxysilane, mercaptopentyldimethylisopropyloxysilane, mercaptohexyldimethylisopropoxysilane, mercaptoheptyldimethylisopropyloxysilane, mercaptooctyldimethylisopropoxysilane, mercaptononyldimethylisopropyloxysilane, mercaptodecyldimethyldiisopropyloxysilane, mercaptobutylmethyldiocyanatoxysilane, mercaptopentyldimethylsarcoxysilane, mercaptohexyl methyldiocyanatoxysilane, mercaptoheptyl methyldiocyanatoxysilane, mercaptooctyl methyldiocyanatoxysilane, mercaptononyl methyldiocyanatoxysilane, mercaptodecyl methyldiocyanatoxysilane, mercaptobutyl dimethylstearoxysilane, mercaptopentyldimethylstearoyloxysilane, mercaptohexyl dimethylstearoxysilane, mercaptoheptyl dimethylstearoxysilane, mercaptooctyl dimethylstearoxysilane, mercaptononyl dimethylstearoxysilane, mercaptodecyl dimethylstearoxysilane, mercaptobutyl methoxydistearoyloxysilane, mercaptopentylmethoxydistearoyloxysilane, mercaptohexyl methoxydistearoyloxysilane, mercaptoheptyl methoxydistearoyloxysilane, mercaptooctyl methoxydistearoyloxysilane, mercaptononylmethoxydiactoxysilane, mercaptodecylmethoxydistearoyloxysilane, mercaptobutyldimethoxystearoyloxysilane, mercaptopentyldimethoxysilanoxysilane, mercaptohexyldimethoxystearoyloxysilane, mercaptoheptyldimethoxystearoyloxysilane, mercaptooctyldimethoxystearoyloxysilane, mercaptononyldimethoxystearoyloxysilane, mercaptodecyldimethoxystearoyloxysilane, mercaptobutylethoxydistearoyloxysilane, mercaptopentylethyloxydistearoyloxysilane, mercaptohexylethoxydistearoyloxysilane, mercaptoheptylethoxyethylenedistearoyloxysilane, mercaptooctylethoxydistearoyloxysilane, mercaptononylethoxyethylenedistearoyloxysilane, mercaptodecylethoxyethylenedistearoyloxysilane, mercaptobutyldiethoxyethylenedistearoyloxysilane, mercaptopentyldiethoxy acyloxysilane, mercaptohexyldiethoxy stearoyloxy silane, mercaptoheptyldiethoxy stearoyloxy silane, mercaptooctyldiethoxy stearoyloxy silane, mercaptononyldiethoxy stearoyloxy silane, mercaptodecyldiethoxystearoyloxy silane, mercaptobutylmethyldialkoxyacyloxysilane, mercaptopentyldimethylenedioleacyloxysilane, mercaptohexylmethyldialkoxydioleacyloxysilane, mercaptoheptylmethyldioleacyloxysilane, mercaptooctylmethyldialkoxylsiloxysilane, mercaptononylmethyldioleacyloxysilane, mercaptodecylmethyldioleacyloxysilane, mercaptobutyldimethyloleacyloxysilane, mercaptopentyldimethylosyloxysilane, mercaptohexyldimethyloleacyloxysilane, mercaptoheptyldimethyloleacyloxysilane, mercaptooctyldimethyloleacyloxysilane, mercaptononyl dimethyloleanoxysilane, mercaptodecyl dimethyloleanoxysilane, mercaptobutyl methoxydioleactoxysilane, mercaptopentylmethoxydioleactoxysilane, mercaptohexyl methoxydioleactoxysilane, mercaptoheptyl methoxydioleactoxysilane, mercaptooctyl methoxydioleactoxysilane, mercaptononyl methoxydioleactoxysilane, mercaptodecyl methoxydioleactoxysilane, mercaptobutyl dimethoxyoleanoxysilane, mercaptopentyl dimethoxyoleanoxysilane, mercaptohexyl dimethoxyoleanoxysilane, mercaptoheptyl dimethoxyoleanoxysilane, mercaptooctyl dimethoxyoleanoxysilane, mercaptononyl dimethoxyoleanoxysilane, mercaptodecyl dimethoxyoleanoxysilane, mercaptobutyl ethoxydioleaxysilane, mercaptopentylethyloxydioleaxysilane, mercaptohexyl ethoxydioleacyloxysilane, mercaptoheptyl ethoxydioleacyloxysilane, mercaptooctyl ethoxydioleacyloxysilane, mercaptononyl ethoxydioleacyloxysilane, mercaptodecyl ethoxydioleacyloxysilane, mercaptobutyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, mercaptopentyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, mercaptohexyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, mercaptoheptyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, mercaptooctyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, mercaptononyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, mercaptodecyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, mercaptobutyl methyl bis (ethylpolyether) silane, mercaptopentylmethyl bis (ethylpolyether) silane, mercaptohexyl methyl bis (ethylpolyether) silane, mercaptoheptyl methyl bis (ethylpolyether) silane, mercaptooctyl methyl bis (ethylpolyether) silane, mercaptononylmethylbis (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptodecylmethylbis (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptobutyldimethyl (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptopentyldimethyl (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptohexyldimethyl (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptoheptyldimethyl (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptooctyldimethyl (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptononyldimethyl (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptodecyldimethyl (ethylpolyether) silane, mercaptobutylmethoxy-bis (ethylpolyether) silane, mercaptopentylmethoxy-bis (ethylpolyether) silane, mercaptohexylmethoxy-bis (ethylpolyether) silane, mercaptoheptylmethoxy-bis (ethylpolyether) silane, mercaptooctylmethoxy-bis (ethylpolyether) silane, mercaptononylmethoxy-bis (ethylpolyether) silane, mercaptodecylmethoxydi (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptobutyldimethoxy (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptopentyldimethoxy (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptohexyldimethoxy (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptoheptyldimethoxy (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptooctyldimethoxy (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptononyldioxy (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptodecyldimethoxy (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptobutylethoxydi (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptopentylethoxyethbis (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptohexylethoxydi (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptoheptylethoxyethyldi (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptooctylethoxydi (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptononylethoxyethyldi (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptodecylethoxyethyldi (ethylpolyethyether) silane, mercaptobutyldiethoxy (ethyl polyethyether) silane, mercaptopentyldiethoxy (ethyl polyethyether) silane, mercaptohexyldiethoxy (ethyl polyethyether) silane, mercaptoheptyldiethoxy (ethyl polyethyether) silane, mercaptooctyldiethoxy (ethyl polyethyether) silane, mercaptononyldiethoxy (ethyl polyethyether) silane, mercaptodecyldiethoxy (ethyl polyethyether) silane, mercaptobutylmethyldi (propylpolypropylether) silane, mercaptopentylmethylbis (propylpolypropylether) silane, mercaptohexylmethyldi (propylpolypropylether) silane, mercaptoheptylmethyl bis (propylpolypropylether) silane, mercaptooctylmethyldi (propylpolypropylether) silane, mercaptononylmethyldi (propylpolypropylether) silane, mercaptodecylmethylbis (propylpolypropylether) silane, mercaptobutyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, mercaptopentyldimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptohexyl-dimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptoheptyl-dimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptooctyl-dimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptononyl-dimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptodecyl-dimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptobutyl-methoxy-di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptopentylmethoxy-di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptohexyl-methoxy-di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptoheptyl-methoxy-di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptooctyl-methoxy-di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptononyl-methoxy-di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptodecyl-methoxy-di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptobutyl-dimethoxy (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptopentyldimethoxy (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, mercaptohexyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptoheptyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptooctyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptononyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptodecyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptobutyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptopentylethoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptohexyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptoheptyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptooctyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptononyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptodecyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptobutyl diethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptopentyl diethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptohexyl diethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptoheptyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, mercaptooctyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, mercaptononyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, mercaptodecyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, mercaptobutylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptopentylmethylbis (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptohexylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptoheptylmethyl bis (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptooctylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptononylmethyl bis (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptodecylmethylbis (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptobutyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptopentyldimethyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptodimethylhexyldimethylether (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptoheptyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptooctyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptononyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptodecyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptobutylmethoxyditridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptopentylmethoxyditridecylmethoxyethyl (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptohexylmethoxyditridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptoheptylmethoxydiethoxyditridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptooctylmethoxyditridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptononylmethoxydiethyl (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptodecylmethoxyditridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptobutyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptopentyldimethoxysilyl (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptohexyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptoheptyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptooctyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptononyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptodecyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptobutylethoxydi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptopentylethyloxy di (tridecylether) silane, mercaptohexylethoxydi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptoheptylethoxyethdi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptooctylethoxydi (tridecylether) silane, mercaptononylethoxyethdi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptodecylethoxyethdi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptobutyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptopentyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, mercaptohexyl diethoxy (tridecyl polyethylether) silane, mercaptoheptyl diethoxy (tridecyl polyethylether) silane, mercaptooctyl diethoxy (tridecyl polyethylether) silane, mercaptononyl diethoxy (tridecyl polyethylether) silane, mercaptodecyl diethoxy (tridecyl polyethylether) silane, mercaptobutyl methyl bis (tridecyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptopentylmethyl bis (tridecyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptohexyl methyl bis (tridecyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptoheptyl methyl bis (tridecyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptooctyl methyl bis (tridecyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptononyl methyl bis (tridecyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptodecyl methyl bis (tridecyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptobutyl dimethyl (tridecyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptopentyl dimethyl (tridecyl polypropylether) silane, mercaptohexyl dimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptoheptyl dimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptooctyl dimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptononyl dimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptodecyl dimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptobutyl methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptopentylmethoxydi (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptohexyl methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptoheptyl methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptooctyl methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptononyl methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene) ether silane, mercaptodecyl methoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene) ether silane, mercaptobutyl dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptopentyl dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptohexyl dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptoheptyl dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptooctyl dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptononyl dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptodecyl dimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptobutylethoxydi (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptopentylethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptohexyl ethoxydi (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptoheptyl ethoxydi (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptooctylethoxydi (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptononylethoxybis (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptodecylethyloxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptobutyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptopentyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptohexyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptoheptyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptooctyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptononyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptodecyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, mercaptobutylmethyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, mercaptopentylmethyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, mercaptohexylmethyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, mercaptoheptylmethyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, mercaptooctylmethyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, mercaptononylmethyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, mercaptodecylmethyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, mercaptobutylmethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, mercaptopentylmethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, mercaptohexylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptoheptylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptooctylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptononylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptodecylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptobutylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptopentylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptohexylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptoheptylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptooctylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptononylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptodecylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptobutylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptopentylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptohexylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptoheptylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptooctylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptononylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptodecylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptobutylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptopentylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptohexylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptoheptylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptooctylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptononylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptodecylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptobutylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptopentylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptohexylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptoheptylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptooctylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptononylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptodecylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptobutylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptopentylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptohexylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptoheptylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptooctylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptononylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptodecylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptobutylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptopentylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptohexylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptoheptylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptooctylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptononylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptodecylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptobutylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptopentylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptohexylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptoheptylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptooctylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptononylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, mercaptodecylethyloxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatobutyltrimethoxysilane, thiocyanatopentyltrimethoxysilane, thiocyanatohexyltrimethoxysilane, thiocyanatoheptyltrimethoxysilane, thiocyanatooctyltrimethoxysilane, thiocyanatononyltrimethoxysilane, thiocyanatodecyltrimethoxysilane, thiocyanatobutyltriethoxysilane, thiocyanatopentyltriethoxysilane, thiocyanatohexyltriethoxysilane, thiocyanatoheptyltriethoxysilane, thiocyanatooctyltriethoxysilane, thiocyanatononyltriethoxysilane, thiocyanatodecyltriethoxysilane, thiocyanatobutyl (2,2 ', 2 "-nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocyanatopentyl (2,2 ', 2" -nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocyanatohexyl (2,2 ', 2 "-nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocyanatoheptyl (2,2 ', 2" -nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocyanatooctyl (2,2 ', 2 "-nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocyanatononyl (2,2 ', 2" -nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocyanatodecyl (2, 2', 2 "-nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocyanobutyltiisopropoxysilane, thiocyanatopentyltriisopropoxysilane, thiocyanatohexyltriisopropoxysilane, thiocyanatoheptyltriipropoxysilane, thiocyanatooctyltriisopropoxysilane, thiocyanatononyltriipropoxysilane, thiocyanatodecyltripropoxysilane, thiocyanobutylmethyldimethoxysilane, thiocyanatopentylmethyldimethoxysilane, thiocyanatohexylmethyldimethoxysilane, thiocyanatoheptylmethyldimethyldimethoxysilane, thiocyanatooctylmethyldimethoxysilane, thiocyanatononylmethyldimethoxysilane, thiocyanatodecylmethyldimethoxysilane, thiocyanobutyldimethoxysilane, thiocyanatopentyldimethylmethoxysilane, thiocyanatodimethylmethoxysilane, thiocyanatoheptyldimethylmethoxysilane, thiocyanatooctyldimethylmethoxysilane, thiocyanatononyldimethylmethoxysilane, thiocyanatodecyldimethylmethoxysilane, thiocyanatobutylmethyldiethoxysilane, thiocyanatopentylmethyldiethoxysilane, thiocyanatohexylmethyldiethoxysilane, thiocyanatoheptylmethyldiethoxysilane, thiocyanatooctylmethyldiethoxysilane, thiocyanatononylmethyldiethoxysilane, thiocyanatodecylmethyldiethoxysilane, thiocyanatobutyldimethylethoxysilane, thiocyanatopentyldimethylethoxysilane, thiocyanatohexyldimethylethoxysilane, thiocyanatoheptyldimethylethoxysilane, thiocyanatooctyldimethylethoxysilane, thiocyanatononyldimethylethoxysilane, thiocyanatodecyldimethylethoxysilane, thiocyanatobutylmethyldiisopropoxysilane, thiocyanatopentylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, thiocyanatohexylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptylmethyl-diisopropyloxysilane, thiocyanatooctylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, thiocyanatononylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutyldimethylisopropyloxysilane, thiocyanatopentyldimethylisopropyloxysilane, thiocyanatohexyldimethylisopropyloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptyldidimethylisopropyloxysilane, thiocyanatooctyldimethylisopropyloxysilane, thiocyanatononyldimethylisopropyloxysilane, thiocyanatodecyldimethylisopropyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutylmethyldiicacidoxysilane, thiocyanatopentylmethyldiicacyloxysilane, thiocyanatohexylmethyldiicacyloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptylmethyldistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatooctylmethyldiicacyloxysilane, thiocyanatononylmethyldistearic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatodecylmethyldistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutyldimethylstearic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatopentyldimethylstearic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatohexyldimethylstearic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptyldimethylstearic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatooctyldimethylstearic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatononyldimethylstearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatodecyldimethylstearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutylmethoxydistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatopentylmethoxydistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatohexylmethoxydistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptylmethoxydianoyloxysilane, thiocyanatooctylmethoxydistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatononylmethoxydialoyloxysilane, thiocyanatodecylmethoxydistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutyldimethoxystearic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatopentyldimethoxystearic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatohexyldimethoxystearic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptyldimethoxystearic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatooctyldimethoxystearic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatononyldimethoxystearic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatodecyldimethoxysilane, thiocyanatobutylethoxydistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatopentylethoxydistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatohexylethoxydistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptylethyloxydistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatooctylethoxydistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatononyloxydistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatodecyloxethoxydistearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutyldiethoxystearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatopentyldiethoxystearoyloxysilane, thiocyanatodiethoxysilane, thiocyanatoheptyldiethoxyoctadecyloxysilane, thiocyanatooctyldiethoxystearyloxysilane, thiocyanatononyldiethoxyoctadecyloxysilane, thiocyanatodecyldiethoxyoctadecyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutylmethyldioleoyloxysilane, thiocyanatopentylmethyldioleoyloxysilane, thiocyanatomethyldioleoyloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptylmethyldioleayloxysilane, thiocyanatooctylmethyldioleayloxysilane, thiocyanatononylmethyloxidyloxysilane, thiocyanatodecylmethyldioleoyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutyldimethyloleayloxysilane, thiocyanatopentyldimethyloleayloxysilane, thiocyanatohexyldimethyloleayloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptyldimethyloleayloxysilane, thiocyanatooctyldimethyloleayloxysilane, thiocyanatononyldimethyloleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatodecyldimethyloleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutylmethoxydiooleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatopentylmethoxydiooleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatohexylmethoxydiooleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptylmethoxydioleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatooctylmethoxydioleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatononylmethoxydioleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatodecylmethoxydioleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutyldimethoxyoleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatopentyldimethoxyoleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatohexyldimethoxyoleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptyldimethoxyoleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatooctyldimethoxyoleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatononyldimethoxyoleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatodecyldimethoxyoleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutylethoxydioleic acyloxysilane, thiocyanatopentylethoxydioleacyloxysilane, thiocyanatohexylethoxydioleacyloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptylethoxydioleacyloxysilane, thiocyanatooctylethoxydioleacyloxysilane, thiocyanatoethoxydioleacyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutyldiethoxyoleacyloxysilane, thiocyanatopentyldiethoxyoleacyloxysilane, thiocyanatohexyldiethoxyoleacyloxysilane, thiocyanatoheptyldiethoxyoleacyloxysilane, thiocyanatooctyldiethoxyoleacyloxysilane, thiocyanatononyldiethoxyoleacyloxysilane, thiocyanatodecyldiethoxyoleacyloxysilane, thiocyanatobutylmethyl bis (ethylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethyl bis (ethylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatohexylmethyl bis (ethylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatoheptylmethyl bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethyl bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatononylmethyl bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatodecylmethyl bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatobutyldimethyl (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatopentyldimethyl (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatohexyldimethyl (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyldimethyl (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatooctyldimethyl (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatononyldimethyl (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatodecyldimethyl (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatobutylmethoxy bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethoxy bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatohexylmethoxy bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatoheptylmethoxy bis (ethyl polyethylene ether) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatononylmethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatodecylmethoxydi (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatobutyldimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatopentyldimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatohexyldimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyldimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatooctyldimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatonondimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatodecyldimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatobutylethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatopentylethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatohexylethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatoheptylethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatooctylethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatononoxyethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatodecyoxyethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatobutyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatopentyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatohexyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatooctyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatononyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatodecyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, thiocyanatobutylmethyl di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethyl di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatohexylmethyl di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatoheptylmethyl di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethyl bis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatononylmethyl bis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatodecylmethylbis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatobutyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatopentyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatooctyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatononyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatodecyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatobutylmethoxy bis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethoxy bis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatohexylmethoxy bis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatoheptylmethoxy bis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethoxy bis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatononylmethoxy bis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatodecylmethoxybis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatobutyldimethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatopentyldimethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatohexyldimethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyldioxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatooctyldimethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatononyldioxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatodecyldimethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatobutylethoxybis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatopentylethoxy bis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatohexylethoxy bis (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatoheptylethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatoethoxydi (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatodecyoxyethdi (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatobutyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatopentyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatohexyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatooctyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatononyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatodecyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylether) silane, thiocyanatobutylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, thiocyanatomethylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, thiocyanatoheptylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethylether) silane, thiocyanatononylmethyl bis (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatodecylmethylbis (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatobutyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatopentyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatohexyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatooctyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatononyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatodecyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatobutylmethoxybis (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethoxybis (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatohexylmethoxybis (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatoheptylmethoxybis (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatononylmethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatodecylmethoxydi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatobutyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatopentyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatohexyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatooctyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatononyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatodecyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatobutylethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatoethoxydi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatohexylethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatoheptylethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatooctylethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatoethoxydi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatodecyoxyethyl di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatobutyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatopentyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatohexyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatooctyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatononyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatodecyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocyanatobutylbis (tridecylpolypropylene) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethyldi (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatohexyl methyl di (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyl methyl di (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatooctyl methyl di (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatononyl methyl di (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatodecyl methyl di (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatobutyl dimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatopentyl dimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatohexyl dimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyl dimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatooctyl dimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatononyl dimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatodecyl dimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatobutyl methoxy di (tridecylpolyether) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatohexylmethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatoheptylmethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatononylmethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatodecylmethoxydi (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatobutyldimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatopentyldimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatohexyldimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyldimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatooctyldimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene) ether-silane, thiocyanatononyldimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatodecyldimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatobutylethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatopentylethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatohexylethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatoheptoxyethbis (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatooctylethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatononyloxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatodecyoxyethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatobutyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatohexyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatoheptyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatooctyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatononyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, thiocyanatodecyldiethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether-based) silane, thiocyanatobutylmethyl (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethyl (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatohexylmethyl (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatoheptylmethyl (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethyl (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatononylmethyl (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatobutylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatohexylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatoheptylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatononylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatodecylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatobutylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatopentylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatohexylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatoheptylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatooctylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatononylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatodecylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatobutylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatohexylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatoheptylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatononylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatodecylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatobutylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanopentylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanohexymethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanheptylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatononylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatodecylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanobutylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanopentylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanohexyethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatooctylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatononyloxy (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silane, thiocyanatodecyloxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, thiocyanatobutylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, thiocyanatomethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, thiocyanatoheptylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, thiocyanatononylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, thiocyanatodecylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, thiocyanatobutylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silane, thiocyanatopentylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silane, thiocyanatohexylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silane, thiocyanatoheptylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silane, thiocyanatooctylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silane, thiocyanatononylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, thiocyanatodecylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, thiocyanatobutylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, thiocyanatopentylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatohexylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatoheptylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatooctylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatononylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocyanatodecylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, butyltrimethoxysilane thiocaprylate, pentyltrimethoxysilane thiocaprylate, hexyltrimethoxysilane, heptyltrimethoxysilane, octyltrimethoxysilane, nonyltrimethoxysilane, thiocaprylate decyltrimethoxysilane, thiocaprylate butyltriethoxysilane, thiocaprylate pentyltriethoxysilane, thiocaprylate hexyltriethoxysilane, thiocaprylate heptyltriethoxysilane, thiocaprylate octyltriethoxysilane, thiocaprylate nonyltriethoxysilane, thiocaprylate decyltriethoxysilane, thiocaprylate butyl (2,2 ', 2 "-nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocaprylate pentyl (2,2 ', 2" -nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocaprylate hexyl (2,2 ', 2 "-nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocaprylate heptyl (2,2 ', 2" -nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocaprylate octyl (2,2 ', 2 "-nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocaprylate nonyl (2,2 ', 2 "-nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocaprylate decyl (2, 2', 2" -nitrilotriethoxy) silane, thiocaprylate butyltriisopropoxysilane, thiocaprylate pentyltriisopropoxysilane, thiocaprylate hexyltriisopropoxysilane, thiocaprylate heptyltriipropoxysilane, thiocaprylate octyltriisopropoxysilane, thiocaprylate nontriisopropoxysilane, thiocaprylate decyltripropoxysilane, thiocaprylate butylmethyldimethoxysilane, thiocaprylate pentylmethyldimethoxysilane, thiocaprylate hexylmethyldimethoxysilane, thiocaprylate heptylmethyldimethoxysilane, thiocaprylate octylmethyldimethoxysilane, thiocaprylate nonylmethyldimethoxysilane, decyl methyldimethoxysilane, butyl dimethylmethoxysilane, pentyl dimethylmethoxysilane, hexyl dimethylmethoxysilane, heptyl dimethylmethoxysilane, octyl dimethylmethoxysilane, nonyl dimethylmethoxysilane, decyl dimethylmethoxysilane, butyl methyldiethoxysilane, pentyl methyldiethoxysilane, hexyl methyldiethoxysilane, heptyl methyldiethoxysilane, octyl methyldiethoxysilane, nonyl methyldiethoxysilane, decyl methyldiethoxysilane, butyl dimethylethoxysilane, thio-octanoate hexyldimethylethoxysilane, thio-octanoate heptyldimethylethoxysilane, thio-octanoate octyldimethylethoxysilane, thio-octanoate nonyldimethylethoxysilane, thio-octanoate decyldimethylethoxysilane, thio-octanoate butylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, thio-octanoate pentylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, thio-octanoate hexylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, thio-octanoate heptylmethyl-diisopropoxysilane, thio-octanoate octylmethyl-diisopropoxysilane, thio-octanoate nonylmethyldipropylenoxysilane, thio-octanoate decylmethyldiisopropoxysilane, thio-octanoate butyldimethylisopropoxysilane, thio-octanoate pentyldimethylisopropoxysilane, thio-octanoate hexyldimethylisopropoxysilane, thio-octanoate heptyldimethylisopropyloxysilane, thiocaprylate octyldimethylisopropoxysilane, thiocaprylate nondimethylisopropoxysilane, thiocaprylate decyldimethisopropoxysilane, thiocaprylate butylmethyldiscapryloxysilane, thiocaprylate pentylmethyldiscapryloxysilane, thiocaprylate hexylmethyldiscapryloxysilane, thiocaprylate heptylmethyldistearoyloxysilane, thiocaprylate octylmethyldiscapryloxysilane, thiocaprylate nonylmethyldistearoyloxysilane, thiocaprylate decylmethyldistearyloxysilane, thiocaprylate butyldimethylstearoyloxysilane, thiocaprylate pentyldimethylstearoyloxysilane, thiocaprylate hexyldimethylstearoyloxysilane, thiocaprylate heptyldimethylstearoyloxysilane, caprylic thioacetate octyldimethylstearoyloxysilane, caprylic thioacetate nonyldimethylstearoyloxysilane, caprylic thioacetate decyldimethylsstearoyloxysilane, butylmethoxydistearyloxysilane, pentylmethoxydistearyloxysilane, caprylic thioate hexylmethoxydistearyloxysilane, caprylic thioacetate heptylmethoxyditadecanoyloxysilane, caprylic thioacetate octylmethoxydistearyloxysilane, nonylmethoxybisoylsilane, caprylic thioacetate decylmethoxydistearyloxysilane, caprylic thiobutyldimethoxystearoyloxysilane, caprylic thioacetate pentyldimethoxystearoyloxysilane, caprylic thioacetate hexyldimethoxystearoyloxysilane, heptyldimethoxystearate acyloxy silane, octyldimethoxystearate acyloxy silane, nonyloctoate nonyldimethoxystearate acyloxy silane, decyldimethoxysilstearate acyloxy silane, butylethoxydistearoyloxysilane, pentylethoxydistearoyloxysilane, hexylethoxydistearoyloxysilane, heptethoxydistearoyloxysilane, octylethoxydistearoyloxysilane, nonylothoxydistearoyloxysilane, decylethoxyethylsarcosidasesilane, butyldiethoxydtearoyloxysilane, pentyldiethoxydearoyloxysilane, butyldiethoxydearoyloxysilane, pentyldiethoxystearoyloxysilane, thio-octanoate hexyl diethoxy stearic acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate heptyl diethoxy stearic acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate octyl diethoxy stearic acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate nonyl diethoxy stearic acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate decyl diethoxy stearic acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate butyl methyl dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate pentyl methyl dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate hexyl methyl dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate heptyl methyl dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate octyl methyl dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate nonyl methyl dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate decyl methyl dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate butyl dimethyl dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate pentyl dimethyl dioleate acyloxy silane, thiocaprylate hexyldimethyloleanoxysilane, thiocaprylate heptyldimethyloleanoxysilane, thiocaprylate octyldimethyloleanoxysilane, thiocaprylate nondimethyloleanoxysilane, thiocaprylate decydimethyloleanoxysilane, thiocaprylate butylmethoxydioleaxysilane, thiocaprylate pentylmethoxydioleaxysilane, thiocaprylate hexylmethoxydioleaxysilane, thiocaprylate heptylmethoxydialoyloxysilane, thiocaprylate octylmethoxydioleaxysilane, thiocaprylate nonylmethoxydialoylsilane, thiocaprylate decylmethoxydioleaxysilane, thiocaprylate butyldimethoxyoleanoxysilane, thiocaprylate pentyldimethoxyoleanoxysilane, thio-octanoate hexyl dimethoxy oleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate heptyl dimethoxy oleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate octyl dimethoxy oleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate nonyl dimethoxy oleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate decyl dimethoxy oleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate butyl ethoxy dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate pentyl ethoxy dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate hexyl ethoxy dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate heptyl ethoxy dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate octyl ethoxy dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate nonyl ethoxy dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate decyl ethoxy dioleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate butyl diethoxy oleate acyloxy silane, thio-octanoate pentyl diethoxy oleate acyloxy silane, thiooctanoate hexyl diethoxy oleate acyloxy silane, thiooctanoate heptyl diethoxy oleate acyloxy silane, thiooctanoate octyl diethoxy oleate acyloxy silane, thiooctanoate nonyl diethoxy oleate acyloxy silane, thiooctanoate decyl diethoxy oleate acyloxy silane, thiooctanoate butyl methyl di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiooctanoate pentyl methyl di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiooctanoate hexyl methyl di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiooctanoate heptyl methyl di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiooctanoate octyl methyl di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiooctanoate nonyl methyl di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiooctanoate decyl methyl di (ethyl polyether) silane, thiooctanoate butyl dimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane, a thiooctanoate pentyldimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane, a thiooctanoate hexyldimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane, a thiooctanoate heptyldimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane, a thiooctanoate octyldimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane, a thiooctanoate nondimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane, a thiooctanoate decyldimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane, a thiooctanoate butylmethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, a thiooctanoate pentylmethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, a thiooctanoate hexylmethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, a thiooctanoate heptylmethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, a thiooctanoate octylmethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, a thiooctanoate nonylmethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, decyl methoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, butyl dimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, pentyl dimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, hexyl dimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, heptyl dimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, octyl dimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, nonyl dimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, decyl dimethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, butyl ethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, pentyl ethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, hexyl ethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, heptyl ethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, octylethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, nonyloctoate nonylphenoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, decyethoxy di (ethyl polyether) silane, butyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, pentyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, hexyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, heptyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, octyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, nonyloctoate nonyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, decyldiethoxy (ethyl polyether) silane, butylmethylpropyl dimethyl (propyl polypropylene) silane, thio-octanoate hexyl methyl di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thio-octanoate heptyl methyl di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thio-octanoate octyl methyl di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thio-octanoate nonyl methyl di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thio-octanoate decyl methyl di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thio-octanoate butyl dimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thio-octanoate pentyl dimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thio-octanoate hexyl dimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thio-octanoate heptyl dimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thio-octanoate octyl dimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thio-octanoate nonyl dimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thio-octanoate decyl dimethyl (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, thio-octanoate butyl methoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, pentylmethoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, hexylmethoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, heptylmethoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, octylmethoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, nonylmethoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, decylmethoxydi (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, butyldimethoxy (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, pentyldimethoxy (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, hexyldimethoxy (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, heptyldimethoxy (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, octyldimethoxy (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, decyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, butyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, pentyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, hexyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, heptyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, octyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, nonyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, decyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, butyl diethoxy (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, pentyl diethoxy (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, hexyl diethoxy (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, heptyl diethoxy (propyl polypropylene ether) silane, octyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylene ether) silane, nonyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylene ether) silane, decyldiethoxy (propylpolypropylene ether) silane, butylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, pentylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, hexylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, heptylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, octylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, nonylmethyldi (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, decyldimethylethylbis (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, butyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, pentyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane ether, thiocaprylate hexyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocaprylate heptyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocaprylate octyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocaprylate nonyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocaprylate decyldimethyl (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocaprylate butylmethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocaprylate pentylmethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocaprylate hexylmethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocaprylate heptylmethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocaprylate octylmethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thiocaprylate nonylmethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, decyl methoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane, butyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, pentyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, hexyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, heptyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, octyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, nonyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, decyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, butyl ethoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane, pentyl ethoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane, hexyl ethoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane, thietanoate heptylethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thietanoate octylethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thietanoate nonylethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thietanoate decylethoxy di (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thietanoate butyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thietanoate pentyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyethyl ether) silane, thietanoate hexyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, thietanoate heptyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, thietanoate octyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, thietanoate nonyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, thietanoate decyldiethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, butyldi (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, pentylmethyl di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, hexylmethyl di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, heptyldi (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, octylmethyl di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, nonylmethyl di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, decylmethyl di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, butyldimethyl (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, pentyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, hexyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, heptyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, octyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, nonyl dimethyl (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, decyl dimethyl (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, butyl methoxy di (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, pentyl methoxy di (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, hexyl methoxy di (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, heptyl methoxy di (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, octyl methoxy di (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, nonyl methoxy di (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, decyl methoxy di (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, butyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, pentyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, lipoctylate hexyldimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, lipoctylate heptyldimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, lipoctylate octyldimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, lipoctylate nondimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, lipoctylate decydimethoxy (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, lipoctylate butylethoxydi (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, lipoctylate pentylethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, lipoctylate hexylethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, lipoctylate heptylethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, lipoctylate octylethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, lipolate nonylethoxy di (tridecylpolypropylene ether) silane, decyl ethoxy di (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, butyl diethoxy (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, pentyl diethoxy (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, hexyl diethoxy (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, heptyl diethoxy (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, octyl diethoxy (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, nonyl diethoxy (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, decyl diethoxy (tridecyl polypropylene ether) silane, butyl methyl (ethylene glycol subunit) silane, pentyl methyl (ethylene glycol subunit) silane, hexyl methyl (ethylene glycol subunit) silane, octylmethyl (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, nonylmethyl (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, decylmethyl (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, butylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, pentylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, hexylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, heptylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, octylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, nonylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, decylmethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, butylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, pentylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, hexylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thietanoate heptylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thietanoate octylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thietanoate nonylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thietanoate decylethoxy (ethyleneglycol subunit) silane, thietanoate butylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thietanoate pentylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thietanoate hexylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thietanoate heptylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thietanoate octylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thietanoate nonylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thietanoate decylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thietanoate butylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate pentylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate hexylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate heptylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate octylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate nonylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate decylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate butylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate pentylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate hexylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate heptylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, octylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, nonylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, decyethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, butylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, pentylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, hexylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, heptylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, octylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate nonylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate decylmethyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate butylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate pentylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate hexylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate heptylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate octylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol subunit) silane, thiocaprylate nonylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propanediol subunit) silane, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, decamethylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, butylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, pentylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, hexylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, heptylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, octylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, nonylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, decyl ethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, butyl trimethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, pentyl trimethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, hexyl trimethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, heptyl trimethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, octyl trimethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, nonyl trimethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, decyl trimethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, butyl triethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, pentyl triethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, hexyl triethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, heptyl triethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, octyl triethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, nonyl triethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, decyl triethoxy silane thiocarboxylate, butyl (2, 2' -nitrilyl triethoxy) silane thiocarboxylate, pentyl (2,2 '-nitrilotriethoxy) silane thiocarboxylate, hexyl (2, 2' -nitrilotriethoxy) silane thiocarboxylate, heptyl (2,2 '-nitrilotriethoxy) silane thiocarboxylate, octyl (2, 2' -nitrilotriethoxy) silane thiocarboxylate, nonyl (2,2 '-nitrilotriethoxy) silane thiocarboxylate, decyl (2, 2' -nitrilotriethoxy) silane thiocarboxylate, butyl triisopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, pentyl triisopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, hexyl triisopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, heptyl triisopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, octyl triisopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, nonyl triisopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, decyl triisopropoxysilane, butyl methyldimethoxysilane, pentyl methyldimethoxysilane, hexyl hexylmethyldimethoxysilane, heptyl methyldimethoxysilane, octyl methyldimethoxysilane, nonyl methyldimethoxysilane, decyl methyldimethoxysilane, butyl dimethylmethoxysilane, pentyl dimethylmethoxysilane, hexyl dimethylmethoxysilane, heptyl dimethylmethoxysilane, octyl dimethylmethoxysilane, nonyl dimethylmethoxysilane, decyl dimethylmethoxysilane, butyl methyldiethoxysilane, hexyl dimethylmethoxysilane, thiohexanoate hexylmethyldiethoxysilane, thiahexanoate heptylmethyldiethoxysilane, thiahexanoate octylmethyldiethoxysilane, thiahexanoate nonylmethyldiethoxysilane, thiahexanoate decylmethyldiethoxysilane, thiahexanoate butyldimethylethoxysilane, thiahexanoate pentyldimethylethoxysilane, thiahexanoate hexyldimethylethoxysilane, thiahexanoate heptyldimethylethoxysilane, thiahexanoate octyldimethylethoxysilane, thiahexanoate nonyldimethylethoxysilane, thiahexanoate decyldimethylethoxysilane, thiahexanoate butylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, thiahexanoate pentylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, thiahexanoate hexylmethyldiisopropyloxysilane, thiahexanoate heptylmethyldipropylenemethyldiisopropyloxysilane, octyl methyl diisopropoxy silane thiocarboxylate, nonyl methyl diisopropoxy silane thiocarboxylate, decyl methyl diisopropoxy silane thiocarboxylate, butyl dimethyl isopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, pentyl dimethyl isopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, hexyl dimethyl isopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, heptyl dimethyl isopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, octyl dimethyl isopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, nonyl dimethyl isopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, decyl dimethyl isopropoxysilane thiocarboxylate, butyl methyl distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, pentyl methyl distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, hexyl methyl distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, heptyl methyl distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, octyl methyl distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, nonyl methyl distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, decyl methyl distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, butyl dimethyl distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, pentyl dimethyl distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, hexyl dimethyl distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, heptyl dimethyl distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, octyl dimethyl stearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, nonyl dimethyl stearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, decyl dimethyl stearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, butyl methoxy distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, pentyl methoxy distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, hexyl methoxy distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, heptyl methoxy distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, octyl methoxy distearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, nonyl methoxydistearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, decyl methoxydistearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, butyl dimethoxystearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, pentyl dimethoxystearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, hexyl dimethoxystearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, heptyl dimethoxystearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, octyl dimethoxystearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, nonyl dimethoxystearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, decyl dimethoxystearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, butyl ethoxydistearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, pentyl ethoxydistearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, hexyl ethoxydistearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, heptyl ethoxydistearoyloxysilane thiocarboxylate, acyloxysilane of octyl ethoxy distearate, acyloxysilane of nonyl ethoxy distearate, acyloxysilane of decyl ethoxy distearate, acyloxysilane of butyl diethoxy distearate, acyloxysilane of pentyl diethoxy stearate, acyloxysilane of hexyl diethoxy stearate, acyloxysilane of heptyl diethoxy stearylate, acyloxysilane of octyl diethoxy stearylate, acyloxysilane of nonyl diethoxy stearylate, acyloxysilane of decyl diethoxy stearylate, butylmethyldioleate acyloxysilane of sulfo hexanoate, pentylmethyldioleate acyloxysilane of sulfo hexanoate, acyloxysilane of hexyl methylhydrodioleate, acyloxysilane of heptyl methyldioleate, octyl methyl dioleacyloxysilane, nonyl methyl dioleacyloxysilane, decyl methyl dioleacyloxysilane, butyl dimethyl dioleacyloxysilane, pentyl dimethyl dioleacyloxysilane, hexyl dimethyl dioleacyloxysilane, heptyl dimethyl dioleacyloxysilane, octyl dimethyl dioleacyloxysilane, nonyl dimethyl dioleacyloxysilane, decyl dimethyl dioleacyloxysilane, butyl methoxy dioleacyloxysilane, pentyl methoxy dioleacyloxysilane, hexyl methoxy dioleacyloxysilane, heptyl methoxy dioleacyloxysilane, octyl methoxy dioleacyloxysilane, nonyl methoxydioleacyloxysilane, decyl methoxydioleacyloxysilane, butyl dimethoxyoleate acyloxysilane, pentyl dimethoxyoleate acyloxysilane, hexyl dimethoxyoleate acyloxysilane, heptyl dimethoxyoleate acyloxysilane, octyl dimethoxyoleate acyloxysilane, nonyl dimethoxyoleate acyloxysilane, decyl dimethoxyoleate acyloxysilane, butyl ethoxydioleacyloxysilane, pentyl ethoxydioleacyloxysilane, hexyl ethoxydioleacyloxysilane, heptyl ethoxydioleacyloxysilane, octyl ethoxydioleacyloxysilane, nonyl ethoxydioleacyloxysilane, decyl ethoxydioleacyloxysilane, butyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, pentyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, hexyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, heptyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, octyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, nonyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, decyl diethoxyoleacyloxysilane, butyl methyl bis (ethyl polyether ether) silane, pentyl methyl bis (ethyl polyether ether) silane, hexyl methyl bis (ethyl polyether ether) silane, heptyl methyl bis (ethyl polyether ether) silane, octyl methyl bis (ethyl polyether ether) silane, nonyl methyl bis (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, decyl methyl bis (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, butyl dimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, amyl dimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, hexyl dimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, heptyl dimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, octyl dimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, nonyl dimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, decyl dimethyl (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, butyl methoxy bis (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, amyl methoxy bis (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, hexyl methoxy bis (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, heptyl methoxy bis (ethyl polyether) silane hexathioate, octyl methoxyhexamate bis (ethyl polyethether) silane, nonyl methoxyhexamate bis (ethyl polyethether) silane, decyl methoxyhexamate bis (ethyl polyethether) silane, butyl dimethoxyhexamate (ethyl polyethether) silane, pentyl dimethoxyhexamate (ethyl polyethether) silane, hexyl hexanoate hexyl dimethoxyl (ethyl polyethether) silane, heptyl dimethoxyhexamate (ethyl polyethether) silane, octyl dimethoxyhexamate (ethyl polyethether) silane, nonyl dimethoxyhexamate (ethyl polyethether) silane, decyl dimethoxyhexamate (ethyl polyethether) silane, butyl ethoxyhexamate bis (ethyl polyethether) silane, pentyl ethoxybis (ethyl polyethether) silane, a hexakis (ethyl polyether) silane, a hexakis (nonyl polyether) silane, a hexakis (decyl ethoxy bis (ethyl polyether) silane, a hexakis (butyl diethoxy) silane, a hexakis (amyl diethoxy) silane, a hexakis (ethyl polyether) silane, a hexakis (heptyl diethoxy) silane, a hexakis (ethyl polyether) silane, a hexakis (octyl diethoxy) silane, a hexakis (nonyl diethoxy) silane, a hexakis (ethyl polyether) silane, butylmethyldi (propylpolypropylether) silane, pentylmethyldi (propylpolypropylether) silane, hexylmethyldi (propylpolypropylether) silane, heptylmethyldi (propylpolypropylether) silane, octylmethyldi (propylpolypropylether) silane, nonylmethyldi (propylpolypropylether) silane, decylmethylbis (propylpolypropylether) silane, butyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, pentyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, hexyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, heptyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, octyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, nonyldimethyl (propylpolypropylether) silane, decyl dimethyl (propyl polypropyether) silane, butyl methoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, pentyl methoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, hexyl methoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, heptyl methoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, octyl methoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, nonyl methoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, decyl methoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, butyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropyether) silane, pentyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropyether) silane, hexyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropyether) silane, heptyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropyether) silane, octyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropyether) silane, nonyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropyether) silane, decyl dimethoxy (propyl polypropyether) silane, butyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, pentyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, hexyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, heptyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, octyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, nonyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, decyl ethoxy di (propyl polypropyether) silane, butyl diethoxy (propyl polypropyether) silane, pentyl diethoxy (propyl polypropyether) silane, hexyl thiohexanoate diethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, heptyl thiohexanoate diethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, octyl thiohexanoate diethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, nonyl thiohexanoate diethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, decyl thiohexanoate diethoxy (propyl polypropylether) silane, butyl methyl bis (tridecyl polyetheth) silane, pentyl methyl bis (tridecyl polyetheth) silane, hexyl methyl bis (tridecyl polyetheth) silane, heptyl methyl bis (tridecyl polyetheth) silane, octyl methyl bis (tridecyl polyetheth) silane, nonyl methyl bis (tridecyl polyetheth) silane, decyl methyl bis (tridecyl polyetheth) silane, butyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, pentyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, hexyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, heptyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, octyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, nonyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, decyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, butylmethoxy di (tridecylpolyether) silane, pentylmethoxy di (tridecylpolyether) silane, hexylmethoxy di (tridecylpolyether) silane, heptylmethoxy di (tridecylpolyether) silane, octyl methoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane, nonyl methoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane, decyl methoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane, butyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, pentyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, hexyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, heptyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, octyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, nonyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, decyl dimethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane, butyl ethoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane, pentyl ethoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane of ethylhexanoate, hexyl ethoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane of ethylhexanoate, heptyl ethoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane of ethylhexanoate, octyl ethoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane of ethylhexanoate, nonyl ethoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane of ethylhexanoate, decyl ethoxy di (tridecyl polyether) silane of ethylhexanoate, butyl diethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane of ethylhexanoate, pentyl diethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane of ethylhexanoate, hexyl diethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane of ethylhexanoate, heptyl diethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane of ethylhexanoate, octyl diethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane of ethylhexanoate, nonyl diethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane as a thiohexanoate, decyl diethoxy (tridecyl polyether) silane as a thiohexanoate, butyl methyl di (tridecyl polypropylene) silane as a thiohexanoate, amyl methyl di (tridecyl polypropylene) silane as a thiohexanoate, hexyl methyl di (tridecyl polypropylene) silane as a thiohexanoate, heptyl methyl di (tridecyl polypropylene) silane as a thiohexanoate, octyl methyl di (tridecyl polypropylene) silane as a thiohexanoate, nonyl methyl di (tridecyl polypropylene) silane as a thiohexanoate, decyl methyl di (tridecyl polypropylene) silane as a thiohexanoate, butyl dimethyl (tridecyl polypropylene) silane as a thiohexanoate, amyl dimethyl (tridecyl polypropylene) silane as a thiohexanoate, hexyl dimethyl (tridecyl polypropylene) silane as a thiohexanoate, heptyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, octyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, nonyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, decyldimethyl (tridecylpolyether) silane, butylmethoxy ditridecylpolypropyether) silane, pentylmethoxy ditridecylpolypropyether silane, hexylmethoxy ditridecylpolypropyether silane, heptylmethoxy ditridecylpolypropyether) silane, octylmethoxy ditridecylpolypropylether (tridecylpolyether) silane, nonylmethoxy ditridecylpolypropylether (tridecylpolyether) silane, decyldimethoxy ditridecylpolypropylether (tridecylpolyether) silane, butyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, pentyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, hexyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, heptyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, octyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, nonyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, decyldimethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, butylethoxy di (tridecylpolyether) silane, pentylethoxy di (tridecylpolyether) silane, hexylethoxy di (tridecylpolyether) silane, heptylethoxy di (tridecylpolyether) silane, octyl ethoxy di (tridecylpolyether) silane, nonyl ethoxy di (tridecylpolyether) silane, decyl ethoxy di (tridecylpolyether) silane, butyl diethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, pentyl diethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, hexyl diethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, heptyl diethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, octyl diethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, nonyl diethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, decyl diethoxy (tridecylpolyether) silane, pentyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, hexyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, heptyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, octyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, nonyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, decyl (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, butyl methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, pentyl methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, heptyl methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, octyl methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, nonyl methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, decyl methoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, butyl ethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane thioglycolate, a thiahexanoate pentylethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, a thiahexanoate hexylethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, a thiahexanoate heptylethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, a thiahexanoate octylethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, a thiahexanoate nonylethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, a thiahexanoate decylethoxy (ethyleneglycolylidene) silane, a thiahexanoate butylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silane, a thiahexanoate pentylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silane, a thiahexanoate hexylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silane, a thiahexanoate heptylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silane, a thiahexanoate octylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycolylidene) silane, a thiahexanoate nonylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thioglycol ester decylmethyl (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thioglycol ester butylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thioglycol ester pentylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thioglycol ester hexylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thioglycol ester heptylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thioglycol ester octylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thioglycol ester nonylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thioglycol ester decylmethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, thioglycol ester pentylethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, hexyl ethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, heptyl ethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, octyl ethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, nonyl ethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, decyl ethoxy (1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, butyl methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, pentyl methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, hexyl methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol) silane, heptyl methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, octyl methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, nonyl methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, decyl methyl (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, butyl methoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, pentyl methoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, hexyl methoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, heptyl methoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol subunit) silane, octyl methoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, thiocaproate nonylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, thiocaproate decylmethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, thiocaproate butylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, thiocaproate pentylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, thiocaproate hexylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, thiocaproate heptylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, thiocaproate octylethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, nonyl ethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, decyl ethoxy (2-methyl-1, 3-propyleneglycol ylidene) silane, or mixtures thereof, and their partial hydrolyzates, oligomers and polymers.
The raw material source may be a mixture, and different synthetic methods, and the silane may be a mixture of long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agents. Alternatively, a mixture of long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agents is obtained by a deliberate method.
Further, the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the present invention is a mixture having a controlled distribution of the components.
Further, the long-carbon-chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent is a mixture, wherein the average value of the carbon chain length a is more than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 10; preferably, a has an average value of 4. ltoreq. a.ltoreq.8, more preferably an average value of 4 < a < 6.
These new silane products may be hydrolyzed and polymerized due to moisture, moisture introduced from raw materials or moisture intentionally added from raw materials of the preparation process or may be generated during storage, particularly under humid conditions or under conditions where residual moisture remaining from the preparation is not completely removed after their preparation, and partial hydrolyzates, oligomers and polymers of these new silanes are also included in the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agents of the present invention.
In embodiments of the invention, the novel silane products herein, including mixtures thereof, may be supported or reacted on a support. Further, it is supported on an inert organic or inorganic support, or it is first reacted with an organic or inorganic support. Such as loading on carbon black and white carbon black, or reacting with white carbon black. Loaded or reacted on a carrier, can play a role of early dispersion and is also beneficial to feeding and metering the rubber composition. Preferably, the carrier may be part of an inorganic filler for the rubber. Preferably, the weight ratio of silane to carrier may be 1:100 to 100:100, more preferably 100: 100.
The preparation of the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent comprises the following steps:
the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent can be prepared by the following method:
the first method comprises the following steps: and (3) performing substitution reaction, namely reacting the sulfur-containing compound with halogenated hydrocarbon silane corresponding to a long carbon chain in the target product to generate the target product, wherein the reaction principle is as follows:
(XmX’nX”3-m-n)SiCaH2aA+BScYd→[(XmX’nX”3-m-n)SiCaH2a]bScYd+AB
wherein (X)mX’nX”3-m-n)SiCaH2aA is a compound having the same carbon chain length as the target productHalohydrocarbon silanes, A is a halide, such as Cl-, Br-, such as: chlorobutylalkylalkoxysilanes, chloropentylalkylalkoxysilanes, and the like;
BSYdis a sulfur-containing compound, such as sodium sulfide Na2S, sodium polysulfide Na2ScSodium hydrosulfide NaSH, sodium thiocyanate NaSCN, sodium thiocarboxylate NaSC (═ O) R '(R' is straight chain or branched chain alkyl or alkoxy with 1-20 carbon atoms).
The reaction can be carried out under the condition of a solvent or under the condition of no solvent and under the condition of other auxiliary agents.
The halohydrocarbylsilanes, sulfur-containing compounds, having the same carbon chain length as the desired product, may be prepared using reaction schemes or methods known to those skilled in the art.
And the second method comprises the following steps: addition reaction, i.e. addition reaction of organosilane containing active hydrogen and sulfur-containing unsaturated compound, or addition reaction of organosilane containing unsaturated bond and sulfur-containing compound, wherein the reaction principle is as follows:
(XmX’nX”3-m-n)SiH+[CaH2a-1]bScYd→[(XmX’nX”3-m-n)SiCaH2a]bScYd
alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
(XmX’nX”3-m-n)SiE+FScYd→[(XmX’nX”3-m-n)SiCaH2a]bScYd
wherein (X)mX’nX”3-m-n) SiH is an active hydrogen-containing organosilane, such as: (alkyl) alkoxy hydrosilanes, alkoxy (alkyl polyether group) hydrosilanes, and the like.
[CaH2a-1]bScYdIs a sulfur-containing compound with the same carbon chain length as the target product, such as alkylene thiol, alkylene sulfide, etc.
(XmX’nX”3-m-n) SiE is an organosilane containing an unsaturated bond, and E is an alkyl group containing an unsaturated bond.
FScYdIs a sulfur-containing compound, the F-group contains an active group capable of undergoing an addition reaction with-E, and the number of carbons of F-and E-together is a and 4. ltoreq. a.ltoreq.10.
This type of reaction, which is generally carried out under catalytic conditions, can be prepared by reaction routes or methods known to those skilled in the art.
Thirdly, another long carbon chain based sulfur-containing silane is prepared by using a long carbon chain based sulfur-containing silane having the same carbon chain length as the target product as a raw material.
Further, the alkali metal salt of the long carbon chain mercaptosilane is reacted with an acid halide or an acid anhydride to produce the long carbon chain thiocarboxylic silane.
Further, the long carbon chain based mercaptosilane is reacted with an ester to produce a long carbon chain based thiocarboxylic silane.
Further, the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane is subjected to exchange reaction with alcohol or ester or (alkyl) polyether to prepare the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane with low VOC, and the reaction can be carried out by selecting a proper catalyst such as acid and an organic titanium compound according to the needs.
The long carbon chain based sulfur-containing silane having the same carbon chain length as the target product is used as a raw material to prepare another long carbon chain based sulfur-containing silane, and can be prepared by a reaction route or a method known to those skilled in the art.
The partial hydrolysate, oligomer and polymer of the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the present invention can be easily obtained by using the silane monomer or mixture of the present invention as a raw material, and by adding water or an aqueous solvent, hydrolyzing and polymerizing by a preparation process well known to those skilled in the art.
The technological operation for preparing the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent comprises the following steps: the reaction raw materials are reacted at the temperature of 0-200 ℃ and the pressure of-0.01 mPa, and the existence of catalyst, solvent and the like.
The present invention also provides a method for significantly improving the coupling between an organic polymer and an inorganic filler.
The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the present invention is suitable for use as a coupling agent between an organic polymer (e.g., rubber) and a filler.
Further, it is suitable for use as a coupling agent between rubber and an inorganic filler.
Further, there is provided a rubber composition comprising: at least one elastomer containing carbon-carbon double bonds; at least one inorganic particulate filler; and at least one silane comprising at least one of the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agents described above.
Further within the scope of the invention are articles, particularly tires, made from the above-described rubber compositions.
The compositions herein based on the novel silane products provide significant advantages over conventional coupling agents widely used in the rubber and tire industry.
The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the present invention is unique in that the silane coupling agent has a long carbon chain structure with a specific constraint length in the molecular structure, the linking group between silicon and sulfur is a divalent alkyl group having not less than 4 carbons and not more than 10 carbons, and the length between the sulfur-containing organic group and the silicon-containing inorganic group is suitably increased to have an optimum constraint distance therebetween without causing various adverse side effects such as poor filler dispersibility upon use like other sulfur-containing silane coupling agents. Compared with a sulfur-containing silane coupling agent with the length of 3 carbon chains, the silane coupling agent can enable the exposed 'antenna' of the inorganic filler particles after silane modification to be longer, increase the distance between the filler particles and keep the distance within a restricted controllable range, and reduce the capability of hydroxyl or other rubber complexes on the surface of the filler for forming hydrogen bonds between the filler particles, thereby enhancing the easiness and completeness of filler dispersion and preventing the reversion of the process, namely the reaggregation of the filler, facilitating the dispersion of the filler into a polymer during mixing, and preventing the reaggregation between the inorganic fillers or reducing the possibility of secondary agglomeration; compared with sulfur-containing silane coupling agents having longer carbon chains, for example, those having a length of more than 10 carbon chains, the silane coupling agent can keep the distance between the inorganic filler and the rubber within a controlled range without negative consequences caused by too long carbon chains, such as "flexible breakage between the filler and the rubber", "reduction in reinforcing properties due to voids between the filler and the filler particles, and the like" adverse effects. The silane coupling agent of the invention improves the dispersion of the filler in the rubber composition, and simultaneously improves the final application performance such as the reinforcement index of tire abrasion, thereby realizing better balance of cured filling rubber performance such as high modulus and abrasion resistance and improving the comprehensive performance of rubber products.
When used, the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agents of the present invention may be mixed with the organic polymer before, during, or after the filler is compounded into the organic polymer. The silane coupling agent of the present invention is preferably added before or during the incorporation of the filler into the organic polymer, which is advantageous in improving the dispersibility of the filler.
The total amount of the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the present invention in the resulting rubber mixture is generally: the silane may be present in an amount of about 0.05 to about 50 parts by weight, more preferably about 1 to about 20 parts by weight, and the filler may be present in an amount of about 5 to about 150 parts by weight, more preferably about 25 to about 100 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the organic polymer.
The rubber composition may contain, in addition to the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the present invention, a filler and a rubber, other optional components such as a vulcanization accelerator, carbon black and the like.
The rubber composition may contain, in addition to the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the present invention, other coupling agents, which are optional.
The rubber composition can be compounded by various methods known in the rubber compounding art.
The rubber composition of the present invention can be used for various purposes. For example, they can be used in various tire compositions such as pneumatic tires, tire treads, cable jackets, hoses, conveyor belts, roller covers, shoe soles, sealing rings, damping elements and other industrial products. These articles may be manufactured, shaped, molded and cured by a variety of known and conventional methods that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
The rubber articles can be prepared by the usual procedures, such as the preparation of vulcanized rubber: the rubber and various ingredients are mixed and then formed into a vulcanized product by shaping and curing of the rubber mix.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the present invention is unique in that the silane coupling agent has a long carbon chain structure with a specific constraint length in the molecular structure, the linking group between silicon and sulfur is a divalent alkyl group having not less than 4 carbons and not more than 10 carbons, and the length between the sulfur-containing organic group and the silicon-containing inorganic group is suitably increased to have an optimum constraint distance therebetween without causing various adverse side effects such as poor filler dispersibility upon use like other sulfur-containing silane coupling agents.
(2) The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the invention can make the exposed 'antenna' of the inorganic filler particles after silane modification longer, increase the distance between the filler particles and keep in a controlled range of constraint, reduce the ability of hydroxyl or other rubber complexes on the surface of the filler to form hydrogen bonds between the filler particles, thereby enhancing the easiness and completeness of filler dispersion and hindering the reversion of the process, i.e. the re-aggregation of the filler, facilitating the dispersion of the filler into the polymer during mixing, preventing the re-aggregation of the inorganic filler or reducing the possibility of secondary aggregation.
(3) The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the present invention can keep the distance between the inorganic filler and the rubber within a controllable range without negative consequences caused by too long carbon chains, such as "flexible breakage between the filler and the rubber", "reduction in reinforcing properties possibly brought about by voids between the filler and filler particles", and the like.
(4) The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of the invention improves the dispersion of the filler in the rubber composition, and simultaneously improves the final application performance such as the reinforcement index of tire abrasion, thereby realizing better balance of cured filling rubber performance such as high modulus and abrasion resistance and improving the comprehensive performance of rubber products.
(5) The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agents of the present invention may be mixed with the organic polymer before, during, or after the filler is compounded into the organic polymer. The silane coupling agent of the present invention is preferably added before or during the incorporation of the filler into the organic polymer, which is advantageous in improving the dispersibility of the filler.
(6) The rubber composition of the present invention can be used for various purposes. For example, they can be used in various tire compositions such as pneumatic tires, tire treads, cable jackets, hoses, conveyor belts, roller covers, shoe soles, sealing rings, damping elements and other industrial products. Greatly expands the application range of the rubber composition and has wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The invention may be better understood by reference to the following examples in which parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1Bis (triethoxysilyl) polysulfides
The structural formula of the bis (triethoxysilyl) polysulfide is [ (C)2H5O)3SiCaH2a]2ScWherein a is 5, c is 1-10, and the average value of c is 3.0-4.0, the preparation steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: sodium polysulfide and chloropentyltriethoxysilane are reacted under the conditions of a phase transfer catalyst, other optional auxiliary agents, an aqueous phase or a mixed phase (a mixed phase of water and other organic solvents) and under the conditions of normal pressure, slight positive pressure or slight negative pressure to generate a reaction mixture.
Wherein (1) sodium polysulfide or its aqueous solution can be synthesized by known published techniques, such as using sodium hydrosulfide or sodium sulfide or sodium hydroxide or their combination, and sulfur under aqueous phase conditions;
(2) the phase transfer catalyst, optional other auxiliary agents, optional organic solvent or water can be added to the chloropentyltriethoxysilane in any manner, sequentially or after being mixed with each other, one or more times before, during or after the synthesis of the sodium polysulfide aqueous solution, or the phase transfer catalyst, optional other auxiliary agents and optional organic solvent can be added to the chloropentyltriethoxysilane.
(3) Heating the mixed solution of sodium polysulfide to 70-100 ℃, and then dropwise adding chloropentyltriethoxysilane for reaction.
Wherein, the adding proportion of the sodium polysulfide and the chloropentyltriethoxysilane is as follows by mole ratio: 1: 1.8-2.2, the dosage of the phase transfer catalyst is 0.5-10% of the mass of the chloropentyltriethoxysilane, and the phase transfer catalyst is quaternary ammonium salts, such as tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium chloride, tetrapentylammonium bromide, tetrapropylammonium bromide, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium chloride and the like.
The second step is that: the product bis (triethoxysilyl) polysulfide is isolated from the reaction mixture by:
(1) phase separation: the organic phase contains organic solvent and product which are insoluble in water, the water phase contains water and byproduct sodium chloride, and the organic phase is separated.
(2) Purifying an organic phase: the organic phase is purified by distillation to remove the solvent and small amounts of other low-boiling substances, and the product bis (triethoxysilyl) polysulfide is obtained. The distillation equipment is high-efficiency separation equipment, such as molecular distillation equipment, falling film type distillation equipment, wiped film type distillation equipment, centrifugal distillation equipment and the like.
60g of sodium hydrosulfide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 46%, 60g of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 32%, 45g of sulfur powder, 15g of pH regulator and 60g of water are put into a 1000ml four-neck flask with a stirring and heating device, heated to 80 ℃, reacted at the temperature of 80-85 ℃ until no solid exists, and then kept for half an hour. Dissolving 3.5g of catalyst in 10g of water, adding the solution into an aqueous solution of sodium polysulfide, then dropwise adding 265g of 98% content chloropentyltriethoxysilane into the mixed solution of sodium polysulfide for reflux reaction, keeping the temperature at 80-90 ℃, and preserving the heat for half an hour after the dropwise addition is finished. The aqueous phase was separated and the organic phase was transferred to a short path molecular distillation apparatus and the fractions collected to yield 270g of the substrate as bis (triethoxysilylpentyl) polysulfide product.
Example 2Bis (triethoxysilyl) polysulfides
The structural formula of the bis (triethoxysilyl) polysulfide is [ (C)2H5O)3SiCaH2a]2ScWherein a is 5, c is 1-10, and the average value of c is 2.0-2.5, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
adding 60g of 46% sodium hydrosulfide aqueous solution, 60g of 32% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, 16g of sulfur powder and 50g of water into a 1000ml three-neck flask with a stirring and heating device, heating to 80 ℃, reacting at the temperature of 80-85 ℃ until no solid exists, and then preserving heat for half an hour. 4.5g of catalyst is dissolved in 80g of toluene, then is uniformly mixed with 257g of 98 percent chloro-pentyltriethoxysilane, then is dripped into the sodium polysulfide solution for reflux reaction, the temperature is kept between 90 ℃ and 95 ℃, and the temperature is kept for half an hour after the dripping is finished. The aqueous phase was separated and the organic phase was transferred to a short path molecular distillation apparatus and the fractions collected to yield 247g of the substrate as bis (triethoxysilylpentyl) polysulfide product.
Example 3MercaptopentyltriethoxysilaneStructural formula is (C)2H5O)3SiC5H10The preparation method of SH comprises the following steps:
adding 200g of 71 percent sodium hydrosulfide, 50gpH regulator and 380g of water into a 3000ml three-neck flask with a stirring and heating device, uniformly stirring, heating to 85 ℃, then adding 10g of phase transfer catalyst tetrabutylammonium bromide, uniformly stirring, dropwise adding 730g of chloropentyltriethoxysilane, controlling the reaction temperature to be 90-100 ℃, and preserving heat for 8 hours after dropwise adding; cooling to room temperature, transferring to a separating funnel for phase separation, transferring the organic phase to a distillation device, collecting fractions, and obtaining a substrate which is a mercaptopentyltriethoxysilane product.
Example 4Mercaptopentylethoxy di (tridecylpentafluoroethyl) silaneThe structural formula: (C)2H5O)[C13H27O(C2H4O)5]2SiC5H10The preparation method of SH comprises the following steps:
1mol of mercaptopentyl triethoxysilane and 2 mol of tridecyl pentaglycol ether are added into a three-neck flask which is provided with a stirrer, a thermometer, a distillation condenser and a vacuum device, then 5g of p-toluenesulfonic acid is added, the temperature is raised, ethanol flows out when the reaction temperature reaches more than 95 ℃, the temperature is slowly raised to 90-120 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5 hours, the distillation is carried out under the vacuum of-0.1 MPa, when no material flows out, the distillation is stopped, the cooling and the filtration are carried out, and the obtained substrate is mercaptopentyl ethoxy di (tridecyl pentaglycol ether) silane.
Example 5Mercaptopentylethoxy di (dodecyl heptapolyether) silaneThe structural formula: (C)2H5O)[C12H25O(C2H4O)7]2SiC5H10The preparation method of SH comprises the following steps:
1mol of mercaptopentyl triethoxysilane and 2 mol of dodecyl heptapolyethylene glycol ether are added into a three-neck flask which is provided with a stirrer, a thermometer, a distillation condenser and a vacuum device, then 10g of tetraisopropyl titanate is added, the temperature is raised, ethanol flows out when the reaction temperature reaches more than 95 ℃, the temperature is slowly raised to 90-120 ℃, the temperature is kept for 5 hours, the distillation is carried out under the vacuum of-0.1 MPa, when no material flows out, the distillation is stopped, the cooling and the filtration are carried out, and the obtained substrate is mercaptopentyl ethoxy di (dodecyl heptapolyethylene ether) silane.
Example 6The thiooctanoate is a mixture of pentyltriethoxysilane,structural formula is (C)2H5O)3SiC5H10SC(＝O)C7H15The preparation method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparation of crude sodium Thiocatanoate aqueous solution
276g of sodium sulfide nonahydrate (1.15mol) and 150g of water are put into a four-neck flask provided with a thermometer, a stirrer and a charging hole, the temperature is raised to 50 ℃, 20g of mixed catalyst aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 20 percent (the mass ratio of tetrabutylammonium bromide to tetrapropylammonium bromide is 1:1) is added at one time, 162.5g of octanoyl chloride (1mol) is added dropwise, and the temperature is kept at 48-50 ℃ for 0.5h, thus obtaining the crude product of sodium thiocaprylate aqueous solution.
The second step is that: preparation of crude product of thiooctanoate pentyltriethoxysilane
Heating the crude product of sodium thiooctanoate aqueous solution to 90 ℃, adding 20g of mixed catalyst aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 20% at one time (the mass ratio of tetrabutylammonium bromide to tetrapropylammonium bromide is 1:1), dripping 330g of chloropentyltriethoxysilane, and keeping the temperature at 90-100 ℃ for 8 hours to obtain the crude product of the pentyltriethoxysilane thioctanoate.
The third step: purification of Pentyltriethoxysilane Thiocatanoate
Transferring the crude product of the thiocaprylate amyl triethoxysilane into a separating funnel, carrying out phase separation, transferring the organic phase into a flask for distillation, distilling under the vacuum degree of-0.01 mPa, and then filtering and decoloring the substrate to obtain the product of the thiocaprylate amyl triethoxysilane.
Example 7Thiooctanoate pentylethoxydioleacyloxysilane,structural formula is (C)2H5O)[CH3(CH2)7CH＝CH(CH2)7C(＝O)O]2SiC5H10SC(＝O)C7H15The preparation method comprises the following steps:
adding 1mol of thio-caprylate amyl triethoxysilane and 2 mol of oleic acid into a three-neck flask provided with a stirrer, a thermometer, a distillation condenser and a vacuum device, then adding 3 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, heating, slowly heating to 100-130 ℃ when the reaction temperature reaches above 95 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5 hours, distilling under-0.1 MPa vacuum, stopping distilling when no material flows out, cooling and filtering to obtain a substrate, namely thio-caprylate amyl ethoxy dioleate acyloxy silane.
Comparative example 1Silanes of the prior art
A, silane: bis (triethoxysilylpropyl) polysulfide having an average sulfur chain length of from 3.0 to 4.0;
b, silane: thio-octanoate propyltriethoxysilane;
example 8 preparation of rubber composition
Rubber compositions were prepared and cured using the silanes of examples 1 and 6 and the silane of comparative example 1, and their properties were measured. The silica-rubber formulation described below was used and banburying was carried out in a 1000ml intermeshing mixer. The dosage of different types of silane coupling agents is the same, and the specific addition amount is detailed in table 1:
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002380451440000491
Figure BDA0002380451440000501
Preparation of rubber composition:
(1) adding butadiene styrene rubber and butadiene rubber, and plasticating for 2 minutes;
(2) adding white carbon black, a silane coupling agent and processing oil twice, and mixing for 3 minutes;
(3) adding zinc oxide, stearic acid and an anti-aging agent, and mixing for 2 minutes;
(4) banburying for 7 minutes at constant temperature;
(5) discharging and cooling to room temperature;
(6) and (3) carrying out second-stage mixing: adding the rubber compound, sulfur and an accelerator in the first section, and banburying for 3 minutes; (7) discharging, calendering into sheets by an open mill, and testing.
The performance was measured and the test results were as follows:
TABLE 2
Figure BDA0002380451440000502
Figure BDA0002380451440000511
From the test results of the examples and comparative examples in the above table, it can be seen that the "pentyl" sulfur-containing silane having a carbon chain length of 5 provides a rubber composition having improved processability and mechanical properties of the rubber compound properties, as compared to the "propyl" sulfur-containing silane coupling agent having a carbon chain length of 3, which reflects the phenomenon that the sulfur-containing silane coupling agent improves the dispersibility of the white carbon filler in the rubber composition by increasing the longer carbon chain length, i.e., the antenna, and can achieve a better balance of cured filled rubber properties such as high modulus and abrasion resistance, improving the overall properties of the rubber product.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any particular exemplary implementation disclosed herein.

Claims (14)

1. A long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent has a general structural formula as follows:
[(XmX’nX”3-m-n)SiCaH2a]bScYdgeneral formula (I)
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(i) m and n are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, b is 1 or 2, c is 1-10, and d is 0 or 1;
(ii) x, X ' and X ' are the same OR different and independently represent hydrogen, hydroxy, straight, cyclic OR branched alkyl, alkoxy, R (OR ')LO-, R (═ O) O-, -ORO-, or N (RO-)3At least one of X, X ' and X ' is reactive (i.e., hydrolyzable), R, R ' each independently represents a linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl group, and L has an average value of 1 to 30;
(iii) y represents hydrogen-H, cyano-CN, acyloxy-C (═ O) R '(R' is straight chain or branched chain alkyl and alkoxy with 1-20 carbon atoms);
and mixtures, partial hydrolysates, oligomers, polymers of the above compounds of the general structure or mixtures thereof;
the method is characterized in that a is 4, 5, 6 … 10 or the average value of a is more than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 10.
2. The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent according to claim 1, wherein the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent comprises: long carbon chain based polysulfide silane coupling agents, long carbon chain based mercapto silane compounds, long carbon chain based thiocyano silane compounds, long carbon chain based thiocarboxylic silane compounds, and partial hydrolyzates, oligomers, polymers thereof, or mixtures thereof; wherein the long carbon chain group refers to a connecting group between sulfur and silicon, and the specific structure is-CaH2a-, a is 4, 5, 6 … 10 or the average value of a is 4. ltoreq. a.ltoreq.10.
3. The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent of claim 1 or 2, wherein X, X 'and X "are each independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, stearoyloxy, oleayloxy, ethyl polyethylene ether, propyl polypropylene ether, tridecyl polyethylene ether, tridecyl polypropylene ether, ethylene glycol subunit, 1, 3-propylene glycol subunit, 2-methyl-1, 3-propylene glycol subunit, or 2, 2', 2" -nitrilotriethoxy group.
4. The long-carbon-chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the long-carbon-chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent is a mixture in which the average value of the carbon chain length a is 4. ltoreq. a.ltoreq.10.
5. The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a has an average value of 4 < a < 6.
6. The long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the coupling agent is supported on an inert organic or inorganic support or is reacted with an organic or inorganic support.
7. The process for producing the long-carbon-chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the following production process: (1) a substitution reaction, wherein a sulfur-containing compound reacts with halogenated hydrocarbon silane corresponding to a long carbon chain in a target product to prepare a long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent; (2) addition reaction, namely performing addition reaction on the organosilane containing active hydrogen and a sulfur-containing unsaturated compound, or performing addition reaction on the organosilane containing an unsaturated bond and a sulfur-containing compound to prepare a long-carbon-chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent; (3) the other long carbon chain based sulfur-containing silane is prepared by using a long carbon chain based sulfur-containing silane with the same carbon chain length as the target product as a raw material.
8. The method for producing a long-carbon-chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent according to claim 7, wherein in the method (1), the long-carbon-chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent is produced by a substitution reaction under aqueous phase conditions.
9. The method for producing a long-carbon-chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent according to claim 7, wherein in the method (1), the long-carbon-chain thiocarboxylic silane is produced by reacting an alkali metal salt of a long-carbon-chain mercaptosilane with an acid halide or an acid anhydride.
10. The method for producing a long-carbon-chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent according to claim 7, wherein in the method (1), the long-carbon-chain mercaptosilane is reacted with an ester to produce the long-carbon-chain thiocarboxylic silane.
11. The method for producing a long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent according to claim 7, wherein in the method (1), the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane is subjected to an exchange reaction with an alcohol or an ester or an (alkyl) polyether to produce the long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane having a low VOC.
12. A rubber composition comprising at least one rubber component, at least one filler and at least one coupling agent and optionally further rubber auxiliary agents, characterized in that at least one of said coupling agents is a long carbon chain sulfur-containing silane coupling agent according to claim 1.
13. Use of the rubber composition according to claim 12 for the preparation of pneumatic tires, tire treads, cable jackets, hoses, conveyor belts, roller coverings, tires, shoe soles, sealing rings and damping elements.
14. A tire obtained by using the rubber composition according to claim 12.
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