CN111233535A - Aerobic compost fermentation system and fermentation method - Google Patents
Aerobic compost fermentation system and fermentation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111233535A CN111233535A CN202010041269.XA CN202010041269A CN111233535A CN 111233535 A CN111233535 A CN 111233535A CN 202010041269 A CN202010041269 A CN 202010041269A CN 111233535 A CN111233535 A CN 111233535A
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- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001706 oxygenating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002052 molecular layer Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004224 protection Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000006750 UV protection Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000000010 microbial pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003678 scratch resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of compost fermentation, and particularly relates to an aerobic compost fermentation system and a fermentation method, which comprise the following steps: at least one independently located sub-fermentation system; the sub-fermentation system is suitable for fermenting the manure in one period. The sub-fermentation system comprises a fermentation tank, an airflow membrane and an automatic control aeration device; wherein the airflow membrane is suitable for covering and sealing the manure in the fermentation tank; the automatic control aeration device is suitable for blowing and oxygenating the sealed fermentation tank to make the excrement fermented and mature. The aerobic composting fermentation system has the advantages that fermented excrement is removed every day, newly generated excrement is discharged, time consumption is low, occupied space is small, almost no odor exists, and the effect of rapid environment-friendly recycling treatment of the excrement is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of compost fermentation, and particularly relates to an aerobic compost fermentation system and a fermentation method.
Background
The existing farm can produce excrement every day, and when the excrement is fermented by adopting traditional compost, the excrement needs to be slowly accumulated and can be treated in a centralized manner after being accumulated to a certain degree, but the method is long in time consumption and large in occupied space, after long-term accumulation, odor is large, pathogenic microorganisms are easy to diffuse and spread, and the penetrating fluid can cause pollution to the land and water sources.
Therefore, an aerobic composting fermentation system is needed to treat the excrement generated by the farm every day, reduce the composting fermentation period and realize low-cost, high-efficiency and resource treatment of the excrement of the farm.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an aerobic composting fermentation system to solve the technical problem of traditional manure composting fermentation.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an aerobic composting fermentation system, comprising:
at least one independently located sub-fermentation system;
the sub-fermentation system is suitable for fermenting the mixture of the excrement and the auxiliary materials in one period.
Further: the sub-fermentation system comprises a fermentation tank, an airflow membrane and an automatic control aeration device; wherein
The airflow membrane is suitable for covering and sealing the manure in the fermentation tank;
the automatic control aeration device is suitable for blowing and oxygenating the sealed fermentation tank to make the excrement fermented and mature.
Further: the airflow film comprises a first base protection layer, a polytetrafluoroethylene nano layer and a second base protection layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the polytetrafluoroethylene nano layer is a PTFE microporous membrane.
Further: the automatic control aeration device comprises an aeration fan and aeration pipes connected with the aeration fan; wherein
Each aeration pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank, and an air outlet hole on each aeration pipe is arranged upwards;
the aeration fan provides oxygen for the manure fermentation process through each aeration pipe.
Further: the air outlet holes on the aeration pipe are symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the aeration pipe.
The aerobic composting fermentation system has the beneficial effects that the aerobic composting fermentation system is provided with a plurality of sub-fermentation systems according to the fermentation duration, one sub-fermentation system can perform fermentation treatment on feces in one day, after the fermentation is completed, organic materials in the sub-fermentation systems can be removed, newly generated feces are placed, the time consumption is low, the occupied space is small, almost no odor exists, and the rapid environment-friendly recycling of the feces is realized.
In another aspect, the invention also provides an aerobic composting fermentation method, comprising the following steps:
step S1, accumulating the excrement in a fermentation tank according to the period;
step S2, coating a film on the fermentation tank after accumulating the feces, fixing, and oxygenating for fermentation;
and step S3, repeating the step S1 and the step S2 to ferment the next fermentation tank, and taking out the organic materials after the fermentation is finished according to the cycle sequence.
Further: step S0, setting a place; the concrete ground is used as the bottom of the fermentation tank, and the fermentation tank is a concrete structure with three walls and an open top;
an aeration pipe groove suitable for placing an aeration pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank, and slopes are arranged between the two sides of the notch of the aeration pipe groove and the bottom of the fermentation tank for collecting percolate.
Further: in step S0, the number of fermentation tanks is determined according to the fermentation period.
Further: further comprising step S11: the temperature sensor and the oxygen sensor are inserted into the stack of the fermentation tank.
Further: in step S11, at least three temperature sensors are provided and inserted into the stack at different heights, respectively, and adapted to simultaneously measure the fermentation temperature at the height from the bottom of the fermentation tank.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of an aerobic composting fermentation system of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of a preferred embodiment of the sub-fermentation system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of the airflow membrane of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a preferred embodiment of an aeration tube tank of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 4.
In the figure:
1. a fermentation tank; 11. an aeration pipe groove; 12. a slope; 2. an air flow membrane; 21. a first base protective layer; 22. a polytetrafluoroethylene nanolayer; 23. a second base protective layer; 3. automatically controlling the aeration device; 31. an aeration fan; 32. an aeration pipe; 33. and (4) an air outlet.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present embodiment provides an aerobic composting fermentation system, which comprises at least one independently arranged sub-fermentation system, wherein the sub-fermentation system is suitable for fermentation treatment of manure in one period.
The sub-fermentation system in this embodiment comprises a fermentation tank 1, an airflow membrane 2 and an automatic control aeration device 3. Specifically, the airflow membrane 2 is suitable for covering and sealing the excrement in the fermentation tank 1, and the automatic control aeration device 3 is suitable for blowing and oxygenating the sealed fermentation tank 1 so as to ferment and mature the excrement.
As shown in fig. 3, the airflow membrane 2 in this embodiment includes a first base protective layer 21, a teflon nanolayer 22, and a second base protective layer 23, which are arranged in this order from top to bottom. The first base layer protective layer 21 is single-coating organic silicon canvas and has the functions of ultraviolet resistance, acid and alkali resistance and rainwater prevention. Meanwhile, the canvas is wear-resistant, scratch-resistant, good in flatness, firm and durable. The second base protective layer 23 is canvas subjected to acid and alkali resistance and hydrophilic treatment. Can be contacted with corrosive gases such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and the like for a long time. The polytetrafluoroethylene nano layer 22 is a PTFE microporous membrane, preferably a microporous membrane with a pore size of 100-200nm, and is a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane can freely permeate moisture molecules, carbon dioxide and air in the excrement, but odor, VOC, ammonia gas and the like are intercepted by the membrane. Can produce a large amount of heats in the compost in-process, when the inside and outside difference in temperature of air current membrane 2 is great, the surface of second basic level protective layer 23 can form the one deck water film, dissolves stink such as ammonia and falls back to the heap body with the form of water droplet and continues to be decomposed by the microbial community to reduce the loss of nitrogen, improve the stink entrapment rate.
As shown in fig. 2, the automatic control aeration apparatus 3 in the present embodiment includes an aeration fan 31 and respective aeration pipes 32 connected to the aeration fan 31; wherein each aeration pipe 32 is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank 1, and an air outlet 33 on each aeration pipe 32 is arranged upwards; the aeration fan 31 provides oxygen to the fermentation process of the manure through each aeration pipe 32.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the air outlet holes 33 of the aeration pipe 32 are symmetrically arranged about the axis of the aeration pipe 32, and preferably, the included angle between the central line of the air outlet holes 33 and the vertical line of the central axis of the aeration pipe 32 is 30 °, so that the contact surface between the air and the excrement is larger and more uniform when the aeration pipe 32 is oxygenated.
In the embodiment, the airflow membrane 2 is fixed on the fermentation tank 1 through the edge pressing device, so that the convenience and the rapidness are realized, and the airflow membrane 2 can be fixed in other modes.
Example 2
The embodiment provides an aerobic composting fermentation method, which comprises the following steps:
step S0, site setting; the concrete ground is used as the bottom of the fermentation tank 1, and the fermentation tank 1 is a concrete structure with three walls and an open top;
an aeration pipe groove 11 which is poured by concrete and is suitable for placing an aeration pipe 32 is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank 1, and slopes 12 are arranged between two sides of the notch of the aeration pipe groove 11 and the bottom of the fermentation tank 1 and used for collecting percolate;
step S1, accumulating the excrement in a fermentation tank 1 according to the period;
step S11: inserting a temperature sensor and an oxygen sensor into the stack body of the fermentation tank 1;
step S2, fixing the fermentation tank 1 after accumulating the feces, and then oxygenating for fermentation;
and step S3, repeating the step S1 and the step S2 to ferment the next fermentation tank 1, and taking out the organic materials after the fermentation is finished according to the periodic sequence.
In step S0, the number of fermentation tanks 1 is determined according to the fermentation period, and two aeration pipe tanks 11 are preferably provided at the bottom of each fermentation tank 1 to increase the oxygen supply area and increase the fermentation speed.
In step S1, the moisture content of the feces is first detected, and when the detected moisture content of the feces is high and viscous, the moisture content is reduced by adding the auxiliary material. The auxiliary materials are preferably rice hulls, straws and other auxiliary materials with good looseness.
At step S11, at least three temperature sensors are provided and inserted into the stack at different heights, respectively, and adapted to simultaneously measure the fermentation temperature at the height from the bottom of the fermentation tank 1. And when the temperature of the stack body exceeds 70 ℃, starting a fan to cool the stack body.
In step S11, the oxygen sensor can monitor the oxygen concentration between the stacked materials, and determine whether the oxygen environment in the fermentation process is favorable for fermentation and heat generation, so as to adjust the aeration duration in time. Preferably, the ventilation rate is controlled to 15% of oxygen concentration between the stack materials so as to improve the quality of fermentation. The oxygen concentration must not be lower than 5% at the lowest and not higher than 18% at the same time.
In step S2, the aeration time is preferably three minutes, and is suspended for fifteen minutes, and the above steps are repeated.
In step S3, the fermented material is transported to the after-ripening area and left standing for 30 days, during which the material is turned over twice to increase the loosening property of the material and a certain amount of oxygen is added.
The embodiment also comprises a main controller, wherein the main controller preferably selects a PLC (programmable logic controller) which has a manual mode and an automatic mode, and the PLC can set the start-stop time length of the aeration fan 31 according to the fermentation condition. And data measured by the temperature sensor and the oxygen sensor are transmitted to the PLC, and the operation of the fan is fed back and regulated through a set program.
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide,
according to the invention, the number of the fermentation tanks 1 is determined according to the fermentation period, and one sub-fermentation system can perform fermentation treatment on the manure in one day, so that after fermentation is completed, organic materials in the sub-fermentation system can be removed, newly generated manure is placed, and the purpose of cyclic treatment is further achieved.
All the parts of the devices selected in the present application are general standard parts or parts known to those skilled in the art, and the structures and principles thereof can be known to those skilled in the art through technical manuals or through routine experimental methods.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; either mechanically or electrically. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways, and the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An aerobic composting fermentation system comprising:
at least one independently located sub-fermentation system;
the sub-fermentation system is suitable for fermenting the mixture of the excrement and the auxiliary materials in one period.
2. The aerobic composting fermentation system of claim 1 wherein,
the sub-fermentation system comprises a fermentation tank, an airflow membrane and an automatic control aeration device; wherein
The airflow membrane is suitable for covering and sealing the manure in the fermentation tank;
the automatic control aeration device is suitable for blowing and oxygenating the sealed fermentation tank to make the excrement fermented and mature.
3. The aerobic composting fermentation system of claim 2 wherein,
the airflow film comprises a first base protection layer, a polytetrafluoroethylene nano layer and a second base protection layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the polytetrafluoroethylene nano layer is a PTFE microporous membrane.
4. The aerobic composting fermentation system of claim 2 wherein,
the automatic control aeration device comprises an aeration fan and aeration pipes connected with the aeration fan; wherein
Each aeration pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank, and an air outlet hole on each aeration pipe is arranged upwards;
the aeration fan provides oxygen for the manure fermentation process through each aeration pipe.
5. The aerobic composting fermentation system of claim 4 wherein,
the air outlet holes on the aeration pipe are symmetrically arranged relative to the axis of the aeration pipe.
6. An aerobic composting fermentation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, accumulating the excrement in a fermentation tank according to the period;
step S2, coating a film on the fermentation tank after accumulating the feces, fixing, and oxygenating for fermentation;
and step S3, repeating the step S1 and the step S2 to ferment the next fermentation tank, and taking out the organic materials after the fermentation is finished according to the cycle sequence.
7. The aerobic composting fermentation process of claim 6 wherein,
step S0, setting a place; the concrete ground is used as the bottom of the fermentation tank, and the fermentation tank is a concrete structure with three walls and an open top;
an aeration pipe groove suitable for placing an aeration pipe is arranged at the bottom of the fermentation tank, and slopes are arranged between the two sides of the notch of the aeration pipe groove and the bottom of the fermentation tank for collecting percolate.
8. The aerobic composting fermentation process of claim 7 wherein,
in step S0, the number of fermentation tanks is determined according to the fermentation period.
9. The aerobic composting fermentation process of claim 7 wherein,
further comprising step S11: the temperature sensor and the oxygen sensor are inserted into the stack of the fermentation tank.
10. The aerobic composting fermentation process of claim 9 wherein,
in step S11, at least three temperature sensors are provided and inserted into the stack at different heights, respectively, and adapted to simultaneously measure the fermentation temperature at the height from the bottom of the fermentation tank.
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CN112159262A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-01 | 福建农林大学 | Composting method for reducing resistance genes |
CN112300920A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-02-02 | 广东绿洁能源科技有限公司 | Membrane covering fermentation system, control method and equipment |
CN112661539A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-16 | 牧原食品股份有限公司 | Microporous black film aerobic fermentation composting process and system |
CN112759436A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-05-07 | 武汉美佳源环境工程有限公司 | Method for producing organic fertilizer by treating manure through static composting of biomass combined with molecular membrane |
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