CN111230077A - Wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy - Google Patents
Wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN111230077A CN111230077A CN202010157608.0A CN202010157608A CN111230077A CN 111230077 A CN111230077 A CN 111230077A CN 202010157608 A CN202010157608 A CN 202010157608A CN 111230077 A CN111230077 A CN 111230077A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
- B22D27/045—Directionally solidified castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
- B22D2/006—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass for the temperature of the molten metal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/06—Ingot moulds or their manufacture
- B22D7/064—Cooling the ingot moulds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D7/00—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
- B22D7/12—Appurtenances, e.g. for sintering, for preventing splashing
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of directional solidification, in particular to a wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy, which comprises a container, a crucible, a heater, a crystallizer, a crystallization rod, a drawing device, a water-cooling machine, a vacuum pump and an experimental atmosphere source, wherein the crystallizer is arranged below the crucible and comprises a liquid metal ring layer with a hollow channel and a water-cooling ring layer wrapped outside the liquid metal ring layer; the pulling device is connected with the lower end of the crystallization rod, and the pulling device can pull the crucible into the hollow channel at a preset speed range through the crystallization rod. The device has a large drawing speed range, and can realize in-situ directional solidification of large-volume high-temperature alloy by skillfully combining smelting, liquid metal/water dual cooling and drawing devices, thereby meeting the requirements of more applications and researches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of directional solidification, in particular to a wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy.
Background
The high-temperature alloy is a metal material which can work for a long time at a high temperature of more than 600 ℃ under the action of certain stress, has excellent high-temperature strength, good oxidation resistance and hot corrosion resistance, good fatigue performance, good fracture toughness and other comprehensive properties, is also called as super alloy and is mainly applied to the fields of aerospace and energy. The high-temperature alloy is a key structural material in the fields of aerospace and industrial power, is a material which cannot be replaced by military and civil high-temperature gas turbines at present, and plays an important role in promoting the progress of industry and human civilization. Particularly in the military field, along with the continuous improvement of the performance requirements of military aircrafts, the proportion of the high-temperature alloy in the engine material is higher and higher, and higher requirements on the performance of the alloy are provided. Therefore, new manufacturing devices are continuously designed and optimized to further improve the properties of the high-temperature alloy, such as strength and specific strength. The directional solidification technology has good performance in improving the performance of the high-temperature alloy. Directional solidification is a technique in which a temperature gradient in a specific direction is established in a solidified metal and an unset melt by a forced means during solidification, so that the melt is solidified in a desired crystallographic orientation in a direction opposite to a heat flow after nucleation. Are widely used to obtain materials with a particular orientation of the texture and excellent properties. For example, the aeroengine blade prepared by adopting the directional solidification has better high-temperature strength, thermal fatigue resistance and creep property. The self-generated composite material obtained by directional solidification eliminates the influence of the interface of a reinforcing phase and a matrix in the preparation process, and greatly improves the performance of the material.
However, when the existing directional solidification device is adopted, the alloy needs to be melted in an electric arc furnace and then poured into a water-cooled crystallizer, and a water-cooled base in the crystallizer and the seed crystal at the top end of the water-cooled base move downwards so that the crystal grains grow along the seed crystal to finish directional solidification. The other high-temperature alloy directional solidification device comprises a heating chamber and a casting mold cold chamber, wherein a high-temperature alloy melt is poured into a mold shell in the heating chamber and enters the casting mold cold chamber along with the descending of a lifting workbench to complete directional solidification. In addition, there is also a device for directional solidification of cast ingot by medium frequency induction, the molten steel refined outside the furnace is transported to the ingot casting platform from the ladle for casting, the molten steel enters into the crystallizer and then is electromagnetically stirred by the medium frequency induction coil outside the crystallizer, and then the water cooling chassis drawing device is started to directionally solidify the molten steel. As can be seen from the directional solidification devices, the existing directional solidification device has the problems that the melting and directional solidification processes of materials are carried out in different containers, the process is complicated, the melting volume is small, the melting temperature is low and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention mainly aims to provide a wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy, and aims to solve the problems that the prior art is complex in process, cannot perform in-situ melting and directional solidification, cannot finish large-volume directional solidification of the high-temperature alloy and the like.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above object, the wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy of the present invention comprises:
a container having a sealed chamber formed therein;
the crucible is arranged in the sealed cavity and is used for containing alloy materials;
the heater is used for carrying out hot melting on the alloy material in the crucible;
the crystallizer is arranged below the crucible and comprises a liquid metal ring layer with a hollow channel and a water-cooling ring layer wrapped outside the liquid metal ring layer;
the upper end of the crystallization rod is connected with the bottom of the crucible, and the crystallization rod can move in the hollow channel;
a pulling device connected to a lower end of the crystallization rod and capable of pulling the crucible into the hollow channel through the crystallization rod at a predetermined speed range;
the water cooling machine is used for carrying out water cooling on the container, the heater, the water cooling ring layer and the crystallization rod;
the vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the sealed chamber;
and the experimental atmosphere source is used for filling protective gas required by the experiment into the sealed chamber.
Preferably, the predetermined speed range is 1.67 × 10-4mm/s～62.5mm/s。
Preferably, the drawing device comprises a lifting plate, an upper supporting plate, a lower supporting plate, a driving mechanism, a ball screw and a guide rod, wherein the end part of the guide rod is fixedly arranged on the upper supporting plate and the lower supporting plate respectively, and the guide rod is movably connected with the lifting plate; the ball screw is respectively connected with the upper supporting plate and the lower supporting plate through bearings, one end of the ball screw penetrates through the lower supporting plate and is connected with the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism can drive the lifting plate to move along the ball screw; the lower end of the crystallization rod is connected with the lifting plate.
Preferably, the crystallization rod comprises a mounting section and a crystallization section which are in threaded connection with each other, and the lower end of the mounting section is connected with the drawing device; the bottom of the crucible is provided with a groove with internal threads, the upper end of the crystallization section is provided with a heat-resistant supporting ring with external threads, and the heat-resistant supporting ring is in threaded connection with the groove;
and a water cooling layer is formed in the crystallization section and is communicated with the water cooler through a pipeline.
Preferably, a plurality of groups of dynamic sealing rings are arranged between the crystallization rod and the liquid metal ring layer.
Preferably, the heater comprises an electric conductor heating sleeve sleeved outside the crucible, an insulating layer wrapped outside the electric conductor heating sleeve and a high-frequency induction coil sleeved outside the insulating layer; the high-frequency induction coil can generate a vortex electromagnetic field to heat the electric conductor heating sleeve; the water cooling machine is used for carrying out water cooling on the high-frequency induction coil.
Preferably, the high-frequency induction coil is formed by winding a copper tube with a hollow channel, and the hollow channel is communicated with the water cooling machine through a pipeline.
Preferably, the high-temperature alloy wide-speed-regulation directional solidification device further comprises a temperature measuring mechanism, wherein the temperature measuring mechanism comprises a support frame and an infrared thermometer arranged on the support frame; the container is provided with a transparent observation window, and the support frame is arranged on the upper part of the container.
Preferably, the wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for the high-temperature alloy further comprises a feeding mechanism, the feeding mechanism comprises a screw and a feeding spoon, the screw penetrates through the container wall of the container from the outside and extends into the sealed cavity, the screw can axially rotate relative to the container wall, and the feeding spoon is arranged at one end, located in the sealed cavity, of the screw.
Preferably, a water-cooling interlayer is formed in the wall of the container and is communicated with the water cooler through a pipeline.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, when the device is used for preparing the directionally solidified high-temperature alloy material ingot, the melting and solidification processes of the alloy are carried out in the same crucible, the melting is full, the pouring is not needed, the components of the solidified ingot are uniform, and the defects of shrinkage cavity and the like are few.
Secondly, the heater of the device can keep the smelting metal in the crucible at a higher temperature, the crystallizer has double cooling functions of liquid metal and water cooling, and cooling water is also introduced into the crystal rod, so that a larger temperature gradient can be obtained, the temperature gradient at the front edge of the interface can be kept stable in a larger growth speed range, and the crystallization can be carried out under a relatively stable state. The solidified sample has good directionality, and the phase composition and the grain size of each position are consistent.
Then, the device can be drawn by a drawing device at 1.67 × 10-4The drawing speed of the directional solidification is accurately and conveniently controlled within the range of mm/s-62.5 mm/s, the directional solidification under different drawing speeds from slow speed to fast speed can be realized, and thus the high-temperature alloy material cast ingots with different structures and performance characteristics can be obtained.
In addition, the whole process in the device is carried out under the protection of inert atmosphere, and the processes of vacuumizing, inflating, smelting and solidifying are completed at one time. In addition, a sealed chamber is formed in the container in the device, so that ambient air can be effectively blocked, and the oxidation of a sample is avoided.
And finally, the container, the heater, the water-cooling ring layer and the crystallization rod are cooled by a water cooler, so that the corresponding parts can quickly reach the preset cooling temperature, and the device can be quickly switched to enter a directional solidification process after the smelting process is finished.
In conclusion, the device has a large drawing speed range and a relatively simple process, smelting, liquid metal/water double cooling and the drawing device are ingeniously combined, and in-situ directional solidification of large-volume high-temperature alloy can be realized, so that a large metal material ingot with more excellent performance can be obtained, and more research and application requirements can be met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the heater, crucible and crystallizer of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the drawer of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a left side view of the drawer of fig. 1.
[ description of reference ]
1: a container; 2: a heater; 3: a crucible; 4: crystallizing the rod; 5: a crystallizer; 6: a drawing device; 7: an infrared thermometer; 8: a support frame; 9: a water cooling machine; 10: a water-cooled tube; 11: a feeding mechanism; 12: an experimental atmosphere source; 13: a vacuum pump; 14: a threaded connection; 15: a high-frequency induction coil; 16: a heat-insulating layer; 17: an electrical conductor heating jacket; 18: an alloy material; 19: a liquid metal ring layer; 20: a water-cooled ring layer; 21: a movable sealing ring; 22: a lifting plate; 23: a ball screw; 24: a guide bar; 25: a lower support plate; 26: an upper support plate; 27: a speed reducer; 28: a servo motor.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy, which comprises: a container 1, a crucible 3, a heater 2, a crystallizer 5, a crystallization rod 4, a drawing device 6, a water cooler 9, a vacuum pump 13 and an experimental atmosphere source 12. Wherein, container 1 can be the reacting furnace, is formed with sealed cavity in the container 1, forms sealed cavity in container 1, can effectively obstruct ambient air, avoids the oxidation of sample. The crucible 3 is arranged in the sealed cavity and is used for containing alloy materials 18; the heater 2 is used for thermally melting the alloy material 18 in the crucible 3. The crystallizer 5 is arranged below the crucible 3, the crystallizer 5 is of an annular structure, a plurality of interlayers are separated from the inside of the crystallizer by cylindrical partition plates, and the whole crystallizer is made of stainless steel. In particular, the crystallizer 5 comprises a liquid metal ring 19 formed with hollow channels and wrapped in a liquid metalA water-cooled ring layer 20 outside the metal ring layer 19. The liquid metal in the liquid metal ring layer is gallium-indium alloy or gallium-indium-tin alloy and the like, and the melting points of the gallium-indium alloy and the gallium-indium-tin alloy are 6-10 ℃. The upper end of the crystallization rod 4 is connected with the bottom of the crucible 3, and the crystallization rod 4 can move in the hollow channel; a pulling device 6 is connected to the lower end of the crystallization rod 4, and the pulling device 6 is capable of pulling the crucible 3 into the hollow passage through the crystallization rod 4 at a predetermined speed range. Wherein the predetermined speed range may be 1.67 × 10-4mm/s-62.5 mm/s, and the drawing speed can be adjusted according to the required temperature gradient in the actual operation process.
By adopting the device, the cylindrical large-volume directional solidification high-temperature alloy material cast ingot (namely the directional solidification cast ingot) with the diameter of 10-100 mm and the height of 10-300 mm can be prepared, the smelting and solidification processes of the alloy material are carried out in the same crucible 3, the melting is full, the pouring is not needed, the components of the solidified cast ingot are uniform, and the defects such as shrinkage cavity and the like are few. Moreover, the heater 2 can keep the molten metal in the crucible 3 at a high temperature, the crystallizer 5 has the double cooling function of liquid metal and water cooling, and the cooling water is also introduced into the crystal rod 4, so that a larger temperature gradient can be obtained, the temperature gradient at the front edge of the interface can be kept stable in a larger growth speed range, and the crystallization can be carried out in a relatively stable state. The solidified sample has good directionality, and the phase composition and the grain size of each position are consistent. Then, the device can be drawn by the drawing device 6 at 1.67X 10-4The drawing speed of the directional solidification is accurately and conveniently controlled within the range of mm/s-62.5 mm/s, the directional solidification under different drawing speeds from slow speed to fast speed can be realized, and thus the high-temperature alloy material cast ingots with different structures and performance characteristics can be obtained.
In the above embodiment, the water cooler 9 may be used to water-cool the vessel 1, the heater 2, the water-cooling ring layer 20, and the crystallization rod 4, respectively. The water cooling machine 9 is used for carrying out water cooling on the container 1, the heater 2, the water cooling ring layer 20 and the crystallization rod 4, so that the corresponding parts can quickly reach the preset cooling temperature, and the device is favorable for quickly switching to enter the directional solidification process after the smelting process is finished. Furthermore, a vacuum pump 13 is used to feed the sealed chamberVacuum pumping is carried out, the sealed chamber is connected with a vacuum pump 13 (a mechanical pump and a molecular pump) through a stainless steel pipeline, and the vacuum degree of the sealed chamber can reach 1 multiplied by 10-6Pa. The experimental atmosphere source 12 is connected to the sealed chamber through a stainless steel pipe so that the sealed chamber can be filled with a protective gas (i.e., an inert gas) required for the experiment. The whole process in the device is carried out under the protection of inert atmosphere, and the processes of vacuumizing, inflating, smelting and solidifying are completed at one time.
Therefore, the device has a large drawing speed range and a relatively simple process, and the smelting, the liquid metal/water dual cooling and the drawing device are ingeniously combined, so that the in-situ directional solidification of large-volume high-temperature alloy can be realized, and a large metal material ingot with more excellent performance can be obtained to meet more research and application requirements.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the drawing device 6 may include a lifting plate 22, a lower supporting plate 25, an upper supporting plate 26, a driving mechanism, a ball screw 23, and a guide rod 24, wherein an upper end of the guide rod 24 is fixedly mounted on the upper supporting plate 26, a lower end of the guide rod 24 is fixedly mounted on the lower supporting plate 25, and the guide rod 24 is movably connected with the lifting plate 22; the ball screw 23 is connected with the lower support plate 25 and the upper support plate 26 through bearings, one end of the ball screw 23 penetrates through the lower support plate 25 and is connected with a driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism can drive the lifting plate 22 to move along the ball screw 23; the lower end of the crystallization rod 4 is connected to a lifting plate 22. Wherein the drive mechanism comprises a servo motor 28 and a reducer 27. The servo motor 28 is connected to the ball screw 23 through the reduction gear 27 to transmit torque, that is, the servo motor 28 drives the ball screw 23 to rotate through the reduction gear 27. Since the elevating plate 22 has a screw nut fitted to the ball screw 23 in one through hole and a linear bearing fitted to the guide rod 24 in the other through hole of the elevating plate 22, the elevating plate 22 moves up and down along the guide rod 24 with the rotation of the ball screw 23, and the elevating speed of the elevating plate 22 is determined by the rotation speed of the servo motor 28, the reduction ratio of the reducer 27, and the lead of the ball screw 23, and in a preferred embodiment, the elevating speed of the elevating plate 22 is 1.67 × 10-4The pulling speed of the crystal bar 4 is determined by the lifting speed of the lifting plate 22 within the range of mm/s to 62.5 mm/s.
Specifically, the bottom end of the ball screw 23 is connected to a speed reducer 27 through a coupling, and the power end of the speed reducer 27 is connected to the output end of the servo motor 28. The lead of the ball screw 23 is 2 mm-25 mm; the reduction ratio of the speed reducer 27 is 1/200-1/20; the rotating speed of the servo motor 28 is 1 r/min-3000 r/min. In the experiment, the servo motor 28 drives the speed reducer 27 to drive the ball screw 23 to rotate, and the lifting plate 22 fixed with the crystallization rod 4 is pulled down to complete the directional solidification process. The device can be 1.67 multiplied by 10 by skillfully connecting the servo motor 28, the speed reducer 27 and the ball screw 23-4The drawing speed of directional solidification is accurately and conveniently controlled within the range of mm/s-62.5 mm/s, and the three guide rods 24 are used for limiting and guiding, so that the stability of the drawing process is ensured, the directional solidification at different drawing speeds from slow speed to fast speed can be realized, and more research and application requirements are met.
Further, referring again to fig. 1 and 2, the crystallization rod 4 comprises a mounting section and a crystallization section that are threadedly connected to each other by a threaded connection 14. The length of the crystallization rod 4 can be adjusted by replacing the mounting section, i.e., the crystallization rod 4 can be extended or shortened. Wherein the threaded connection 14 may be a threaded sheath with internal threads or a connecting shaft with external threads. The lower end of the mounting section is connected with a pulling device 6 (specifically, a lifting plate 22), and the mounting section is inwardly abutted by three bolts in different directions so as to fix the lower end of the crystallization rod 4 on the lifting plate 22.
Further, the crucible 3 may be a cylindrical quartz crucible. The bottom of the crucible 3 is provided with a groove with an internal thread, and the upper end of the crystallization section is provided with a heat-resistant supporting ring with an external thread, such as a molybdenum supporting ring, wherein molybdenum is silvery white metal, and is hard and tough, high in melting point and high in heat conductivity. The heat-resistant supporting ring is in threaded connection with the groove, so that the crystallization rod 4 and the crucible 3 can be stably connected in a high-temperature environment and can be detached as required.
The crystallization section is formed with a water cooling layer, which is connected with the water cooling machine 9 through a pipeline, for example, in fig. 1, the water cooling pipe 10 includes a plurality of sets of circulating pipelines, the water cooling layer and the water cooling machine 9 form a water cooling circulating loop through one set of circulating pipelines, and the water cooling machine 9 supplies cold to the water cooling layer in the crystallization section to assist in forming a proper temperature gradient in the crystallizer 5. In addition, a water cooling interlayer may be formed in the wall of the container 1, the water cooling interlayer is communicated with the water cooling machine 9 through a pipeline to prevent the temperature of the container wall from being too high, and the water cooling interlayer is communicated with the water cooling machine 9 through a set of circulation pipelines of the water cooling pipe 10 to form a water cooling circulation loop. Wherein the compressor power of the water cooling machine 9 is 3 kW-6 kW.
As shown in FIG. 2, in order to ensure good sealing performance of the sealed chamber, a plurality of sets of dynamic sealing rings 21 are arranged between the crystallization rod 4 and the liquid metal ring layer 19. The dynamic seal ring 21 consists of two J-shaped rubber rings and two J-shaped seal gaskets, and the crystallization rod 4 and the liquid metal ring layer 19 are sealed in a dynamic seal mode through two layers of J-shaped rubber rings, so that the stability of the drawing process can be ensured, the ambient air can be effectively separated, and the oxidation of a sample is avoided.
Referring again to fig. 2, in the preferred embodiment, the heater 2 includes an electric conductor heating jacket 17 sleeved outside the crucible 3, an insulating layer 16 wrapped outside the electric conductor heating jacket 17, and a high-frequency induction coil 15 sleeved outside the insulating layer 16; the high-frequency induction coil 15 is capable of generating a swirling electromagnetic field to heat the electric conductor heating jacket 17. The electric conductor heating jacket 17 can be a graphite heating jacket, the graphite has excellent electric conduction and heat conduction performance, and the graphite is commonly used as a heating body in a special industrial furnace. The graphite heating jacket may be cylindrical. The insulation 16 may be a ceramic fiber insulation that maintains the molten metal in the electrical conductor heating jacket 17 at a relatively high temperature. In the heating process, the graphite heating jacket is heated in advance in an electromagnetic induction mode after the high-frequency induction coil 15 is electrified, and then the graphite heating jacket transfers heat to the crucible 3, so that the alloy raw material in the crucible 3 can be melted.
The water cooler 9 can also be used for water cooling of the high-frequency induction coil 15, and the water cooler 9 and the high-frequency induction coil 15 can be communicated through a water cooling pipe 10. The specific communication form can be that the high-frequency induction coil 15 is wound on a water flow pipeline to form a winding, the water flow pipeline is communicated with the water cooling machine 9, and refrigeration is realized through an indirect heat transfer mode between the water flow pipeline and the high-frequency induction coil 15. Alternatively, in a more preferred embodiment, the high-frequency induction coil 15 is wound from a copper tube formed with a hollow channel, i.e., the copper tube from which the coil is wound is itself a water flow conduit. The high-frequency induction coil 15 can generate a vortex electromagnetic field to enable the electric conductor heating jacket 17 to generate heat, and meanwhile, the hollow channel in the copper tube is directly communicated with the water cooling machine 9 through a pipeline, so that the high-frequency induction coil 15 can be prevented from being overheated. The mode of directly introducing cold water into the hollow channel of the copper tube for refrigeration can be suitable for the heater 2 with higher heating requirement.
In addition, referring to fig. 1 again, the wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy further comprises a temperature measuring mechanism, wherein the temperature measuring mechanism comprises a support frame 8 and an infrared thermometer 7 arranged on the support frame 8; the container 1 is provided with a transparent observation window (which can be a glass observation window), the support frame 8 is arranged at the upper part of the container 1, and the infrared thermometer 7 can be fixed on the transparent observation window at the top of the container 1 by the support frame 8. The infrared thermometer 7 has the advantages of fast response time, non-contact, safe use, long service life and the like, and can monitor the infrared radiation energy change inside the container 1 through the transparent observation window outside the container 1, thereby conveniently and quickly obtaining real-time temperature data. Wherein the temperature measuring range of the infrared thermometer 7 is 500-2000 ℃.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy may further include a feeding mechanism 11. Wherein, reinforced mechanism 11 includes screw rod and reinforced spoon, and the screw rod runs through the container wall of container 1 from the outside and stretches into in the sealed cavity, and the screw rod can be for container wall axial rotation, and reinforced spoon sets up in the one end that is located sealed cavity of screw rod, carries out the interpolation of elements such as tombarthite in melting process, can reduce losses such as metal volatilizees. The material to be added is placed on the feeding spoon in advance, and the screw rod is rotated from the outside of the container 1 at a preset temperature or time to turn over the feeding spoon, so that the material to be added can be added into the alloy material, and finally, a high-temperature alloy material ingot with better performance is obtained. Specifically, the device can add rare earth and other volatile elements into the alloy through the feeding mechanism 11, so as to further improve the performance of the alloy ingot, for example, adding a trace amount of Ce (cerium) into 2Cr13 stainless steel can improve the impact toughness of the alloy.
In conclusion, the device can realize the in-situ directional solidification of large-volume high-temperature alloy by skillfully combining induction melting, liquid metal/water dual cooling and the ball screw drawing device, and obtains a bulk metal material with more excellent performance.
The following describes specific experimental steps of the wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy based on the best mode, so as to further explain the technical scheme of the invention.
The specific experimental steps comprise:
1. vacuumizing and reversely filling protective gas: pumping the sealed chamber to 1 × 10 by mechanical pump and molecular pump-6Pa vacuum degree, reversely filling protective gas into the sealed chamber to 1 atmosphere, and repeating the process for 3-5 times;
2. heating the sample: starting a power supply of the high-frequency induction coil 15, heating the sample in the crucible 3 to be molten through the graphite heating sleeve, then carrying out heat preservation in preset time, observing the temperature of the sample in real time through the infrared thermometer 7, and feeding materials by using the feeding mechanism 11 in the heat preservation process; wherein the height of the crucible 3 is 15 mm-350 mm, and the outer diameter is 15-120 mm; the thickness of the graphite heating jacket is 10 mm-20 mm, and the height is 20 mm-400 mm; wherein, the thickness of the heat-insulating layer is 10 mm-30 mm;
3. starting the drawing device 6: after the sample is fully and uniformly melted, starting a servo motor 28 to pull the crucible 3 and the sample into a crystallizer 5 through a crystallization rod 4 to finish the directional solidification process; wherein, the length range of the crystallization rod 4 can be 200 mm-800 mm;
4. turning off the power supply and sampling: and after the solidification process is finished, closing the power supply of the servo motor 28 and the power supply of the high-frequency induction coil 15, lifting the sample to a position higher than the graphite heating sleeve, taking out the crucible 3 from a movable door on the front surface of the sealed cavity, and demolding to obtain the directionally solidified cast ingot.
It should be understood that the above description of specific embodiments of the present invention is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical lines and features of the present invention, and is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and to implement the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments. It is intended that all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy is characterized by comprising:
a container having a sealed chamber formed therein;
the crucible is arranged in the sealed cavity and is used for containing alloy materials;
the heater is used for carrying out hot melting on the alloy material in the crucible;
the crystallizer is arranged below the crucible and comprises a liquid metal ring layer with a hollow channel and a water-cooling ring layer wrapped outside the liquid metal ring layer;
the upper end of the crystallization rod is connected with the bottom of the crucible, and the crystallization rod can move in the hollow channel;
a pulling device connected to a lower end of the crystallization rod and capable of pulling the crucible into the hollow channel through the crystallization rod at a predetermined speed range;
the water cooling machine is used for carrying out water cooling on the container, the heater, the water cooling ring layer and the crystallization rod;
the vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the sealed chamber;
and the experimental atmosphere source is used for filling protective gas required by the experiment into the sealed chamber.
2. The wide speed regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the predetermined speed range is 1.67 × 10-4mm/s～62.5mm/s。
3. The wide speed regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drawing device comprises a lifting plate, an upper supporting plate, a lower supporting plate, a driving mechanism, a ball screw and a guide rod, wherein the end part of the guide rod is fixedly arranged on the upper supporting plate and the lower supporting plate respectively, and the guide rod is movably connected with the lifting plate; the ball screw is respectively connected with the upper supporting plate and the lower supporting plate through bearings, one end of the ball screw penetrates through the lower supporting plate and is connected with the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism can drive the lifting plate to move along the ball screw; the lower end of the crystallization rod is connected with the lifting plate.
4. A wide speed regulating directional solidification device for high temperature alloys as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the crystallization rod comprises an installation section and a crystallization section which are in threaded connection with each other, and the lower end of the installation section is connected with the drawing device; the bottom of the crucible is provided with a groove with internal threads, the upper end of the crystallization section is provided with a heat-resistant supporting ring with external threads, and the heat-resistant supporting ring is in threaded connection with the groove; and a water cooling layer is formed in the crystallization section and is communicated with the water cooler through a pipeline.
5. A wide speed regulating directional solidification device for high temperature alloys as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: and a plurality of groups of dynamic sealing rings are arranged between the crystallization rod and the liquid metal ring layer.
6. A wide speed regulating directional solidification device for high temperature alloys as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the heater comprises an electric conductor heating sleeve sleeved outside the crucible, an insulating layer wrapped outside the electric conductor heating sleeve and a high-frequency induction coil sleeved outside the insulating layer; the high-frequency induction coil can generate a vortex electromagnetic field to heat the electric conductor heating sleeve; the water cooling machine is used for carrying out water cooling on the high-frequency induction coil.
7. The wide speed regulating directional solidification device for high-temperature alloy as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the high-frequency induction coil is formed by winding a red copper pipe with a hollow channel, and the hollow channel is communicated with the water cooler through a pipeline.
8. A wide speed regulating directional solidification device for high temperature alloys as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the high-temperature alloy wide-speed-regulation directional solidification device further comprises a temperature measurement mechanism, wherein the temperature measurement mechanism comprises a support frame and an infrared thermometer arranged on the support frame; the container is provided with a transparent observation window, and the support frame is arranged on the upper part of the container.
9. A wide speed regulating directional solidification device for high temperature alloys as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the wide speed-regulating directional solidification device for the high-temperature alloy further comprises a feeding mechanism, the feeding mechanism comprises a screw and a feeding spoon, the screw penetrates through the container wall of the container from the outside and extends into the sealed cavity, the screw can axially rotate relative to the container wall, and the feeding spoon is arranged at one end, located in the sealed cavity, of the screw.
10. A wide speed regulating directional solidification device for high temperature alloys as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: and a water-cooling interlayer is formed in the wall of the container and is communicated with the water-cooling machine through a pipeline.
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