CN111229232B - Foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nano-sheet and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents

Foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nano-sheet and preparation and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111229232B
CN111229232B CN202010202643.XA CN202010202643A CN111229232B CN 111229232 B CN111229232 B CN 111229232B CN 202010202643 A CN202010202643 A CN 202010202643A CN 111229232 B CN111229232 B CN 111229232B
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nickel
nife
based porous
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reaction solution
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CN111229232A (en
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郎建平
赵中胤
黄小青
倪春燕
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Suzhou University
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    • B01J35/33—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/74—Iron group metals
    • B01J23/755—Nickel
    • B01J35/647—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
    • B01J37/0018—Addition of a binding agent or of material, later completely removed among others as result of heat treatment, leaching or washing,(e.g. forming of pores; protective layer, desintegrating by heat)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
    • C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
    • C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

Abstract

The invention relates to a foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nano-sheet and preparation and application thereof. The preparation method of the foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nanosheets comprises the following steps: immersing foam nickel into a reaction solution, wherein the reaction solution comprises divalent nickel salt, trivalent ferric salt, urea, ammonium fluoride, hydrogen peroxide and water, and reacting at 100-120 ℃ under a closed condition, so as to obtain the foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nano-sheet after the reaction is completed.

Description

Foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nano-sheet and preparation and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nano material preparation and electrocatalysis, in particular to a foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nano sheet and preparation and application thereof.
Background
With the increase in global energy crisis and environmental pollution, efficient electrolyzed water catalysts are considered an important approach to achieve clean, sustainable energy conversion and storage systems and have been studied intensively. However, in anodic reactions, thermodynamic and slow electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics during electrolysis tend to limit the overall efficiency of the system due to the four electron transfers involved and the formation of O-O bonds at high potential. At present, noble metal oxides (iridium oxide and ruthenium oxide) are the best OER catalysts, and although the catalytic activity is high, the industrialization of noble metal resources is greatly limited by the disadvantages of scarcity, high cost and the like. Therefore, the development of the non-noble metal water electrolysis OER catalyst with high activity, low price and rich resources has important significance.
In recent years, research and development has been devoted to the use of transition metal oxides, hydroxides, nitrides, phosphides and perovskite oxides as OER catalysts. Among them, niFe LDH (hydrotalcite) ultrathin nanoplatelets are receiving increasing attention because of their unique physical and electronic structures, which are recognized as an excellent OER catalyst. (Y.F.Zhao, X.Zhang, X.D.Jia, G.I.N.Waterhouse, R.Shi, X.R.Zhang, F.Zhan, Y.Tao, L.Z.Wu, C. -H.Tung, D.O' Hare, T.R.adv.energy Mater.2018,8,1703585.). However, its limited specific surface area and poor conductivity prevent further improvement of OER performance. It is well known that catalytic reactions occur at the catalyst surface, which suggests that electrocatalytic activity is closely related to the surface nanostructure of the catalyst. To increase the catalytic activity of the catalyst, one approach is to dope the catalyst with a third element (G.B.Chen, T.Wang, J.Zhang, P.Liu, H.J.Sun, X.D.Zhuang, M.W.Chen, X.L.Feng, adv.Mater.2018,30,1706279); another approach introduces porous structures on the catalyst surface, increasing its surface area, shortening the electron or ion transfer pathway (J.Rosen, G.S.Hutchings, F.Jiao, J.Am.Chem.Soc.2013,135,4516-4521.). However, at present, the experimental difficulty of introducing a porous structure under the condition of not changing the catalyst component is great. On the other hand, the electronic structure of the catalyst plays an important role in the OER process. By adjusting the electronic structure of the catalyst, the adsorption energy of the intermediate product can be effectively optimized, and the catalytic activity is obviously improved.
CN 108554413A discloses a preparation method of three-dimensional multilevel structure high-dispersion nickel-based electrocatalytic material, which uses foam nickel as conductive matrix and provides nickel source required by reaction, uses urea as precipitant, uses ammonium fluoride as etchant, grows NiAl-LDH/NF precursor on the surface of foam nickel skeleton structure in situ, and uses ion exchange method to make anion H 2 PO 4- ，B(OH) 4- The high-dispersion nickel-based material with a three-dimensional multi-stage structure is obtained after the high-temperature reduction of the hydrotalcite intermediate containing the anions is introduced into hydrotalcite interlayers. CN 108950596a discloses a method for synthesizing low-cost ferronickel nano-sheet array electrocatalyst at normal temperature and normal pressure. Which is a kind ofAnd reacting foam nickel with ferric salt to obtain the ferronickel nano-sheet array electrocatalyst. CN 109201060a provides a preparation method of a foam nickel-nickel iron oxide composite oxygen evolution catalyst, which comprises the steps of carrying out hydrothermal reaction on a mixed aqueous solution containing nickel salt, ferrous salt and urea and foam nickel, and growing nickel iron hydroxide on the foam nickel to obtain a composite oxygen evolution catalyst precursor; and calcining the obtained composite oxygen evolution catalyst precursor to obtain the foam nickel-iron oxide composite oxygen evolution catalyst. CN 110354862a discloses a method for in-situ modification of three-dimensional ferronickel hydrotalcite electrocatalytic oxygen evolution electrode with the aid of cerium ions on the surface of a foam nickel matrix, wherein nickel nitrate hexahydrate and ferric nitrate nonahydrate are respectively used as an iron source and a nickel source, cerium nitrate hexahydrate is used as an auxiliary synthesizer, urea is used as a hydrolytic agent, foam nickel is used as a conductive matrix, and a hydrothermal method is adopted to synthesize the three-dimensional ferronickel hydrotalcite nano sheet material on the surface of the foam nickel conductive matrix in one step in situ. The materials constructed by the method have some porous structures, and some methods for forming the porous structures are complex.
Thus, it remains a great challenge to precisely construct the NiFe LDH ultrathin nanoplatelet porous structure in a rapid, simple and green manner, and to precisely tailor the electronic configuration of the surface cations.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide the foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite (LDH) nanosheets and the preparation and application thereof.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nanosheet, which comprises the following steps:
immersing foam nickel into a reaction solution, wherein the reaction solution comprises divalent nickel salt, trivalent ferric salt, urea, ammonium fluoride, hydrogen peroxide and water, and reacting at 100-120 ℃ (preferably 120 ℃) under a closed condition, and obtaining the foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nano-sheet after the reaction is completed.
Further, the divalent nickel salt is selected from one or more of nickel chloride, nickel nitrate and nickel sulfate (preferably nickel chloride); the concentration of the divalent nickel salt in the reaction solution is 0.025 to 0.054mol/L (preferably 0.045 mol/L). Preferably, the divalent nickel salt is selected from nickel chloride hexahydrate.
Further, the ferric salt is selected from ferric chloride and/or ferric nitrate (preferably ferric chloride); the concentration of the ferric salt in the reaction solution is 0.006-0.025mol/L (preferably 0.015 mol/L). Preferably, the ferric salt is selected from ferric chloride hexahydrate.
Further, the concentration of urea in the reaction solution was 0.415mol/L; the concentration of ammonium fluoride in the reaction solution was 0.16mol/L.
Further, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in the reaction solution is 0.01-0.15mol/L.
Further, the preparation method of the reaction liquid comprises the following steps:
divalent nickel salt, trivalent iron salt, urea and ammonium fluoride are dissolved in water, and then hydrogen peroxide solution is added thereto.
Further, the foam nickel is treated by the following steps before being immersed in the reaction liquid:
cutting the nickel foam to 2.8X2 cm 2 After removing the surface oxide layer by ultrasonic cleaning in 6M HCl for 30min, the surface oxide layer is respectively cleaned with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water and dried.
Further, the reaction was carried out in a stainless steel reaction vessel containing a polytetrafluoroethylene liner.
Further, the reaction time is 10 to 24 hours, preferably 16 hours.
Further, after the reaction is finished, the method further comprises the steps of naturally cooling to room temperature, centrifuging, washing and drying the product.
Further, the washing is to alternately wash for 3 times by adopting deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol; the centrifugation step is to centrifuge for 2min at 10000 rpm; drying means drying in a forced air drying oven at 60℃for 12 hours.
In the invention, foam nickel is used as a conductive matrix and provides a nickel source required by reaction, urea is used as a precipitator, ammonium fluoride is used as an etchant, divalent nickel salt and trivalent ferric salt are used as a nickel source and an iron source for synthesizing hydrotalcite nano-sheets, hydrogen peroxide has strong oxidizing property, divalent nickel ions on the oxidized surface form trivalent nickel ions, oxygen vacancies are formed, and the trivalent nickel ions can be used as active sites to improve the catalytic performance.
The invention also discloses a foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nano-sheet prepared by the preparation method, which comprises foam nickel and a plurality of NiFe hydrotalcite nano-sheets positioned on the surface of the foam nickel, wherein a plurality of porous structures are distributed on the NiFe hydrotalcite nano-sheets.
Further, the NiFe hydrotalcite nanosheets have a thickness of 1-5nm, preferably 1-2nm.
The invention also discloses application of the foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nanosheets as catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions.
The invention also discloses an electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst, which comprises the foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nano-sheet prepared by the preparation method
By means of the scheme, the invention has at least the following advantages:
1. the invention can obtain the foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nanosheets by a solvothermal reaction method in one step, and has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, high efficiency, strong repeatability and easy further industrial production.
2. The foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nano-sheet obtained by the invention has uniform appearance and obvious porous structure.
3. The foam nickel-based porous NiFe LDH nanosheet material has excellent catalytic performance. In a 1.0M KOH solution, when the current density was 10mA.cm -2 When the OER overpotential has a value of 170mV only, the Tafil slope is as low as 39.3 mV.dec -1 。
4. The foam nickel-based porous NiFe LDH nanosheet material obtained by the invention shows high stability in the electrocatalytic process.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the present invention, and is presented in terms of preferred embodiments of the present invention and the following detailed description of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 (a) is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200, scale 2 μm; FIGS. 1 (b) and (c) are Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200, with scales of 100nm and 20nm; FIG. 1 (d) is a high resolution electron microscope (HRTEM) image of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 nanosheets with a scale of 2nm; FIG. 1 (e) is an elemental distribution plot of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 nanosheets, scale bar 100nm; FIG. 1 (f) is an atomic force microscope image of the NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 nanosheets of FIG. 1; FIG. 1 (g) is an X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) diagram of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 and p-NiFe LDHs/NF;
FIG. 2 (a) is a histogram of pore size distribution of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200; FIG. 2 (b) is a Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) diagram of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200; FIG. 2 (c) is a diagram illustrating the effect of tyndall with NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 nanoplatelets dispersed in an ethanol solution and irradiated with laser light;
FIGS. 3 (a), (b) are Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images of p-NiFe LDHs/NF nanoplatelets, scale bars of 100nm and 20nm;
FIG. 3 (c) is a high resolution electron microscope (HRTEM) image of p-NiFe LDHs/NF nanoplatelets, scale 2nm; FIGS. 3 (d 1) - (d 4) are elemental profiles of p-NiFe LDHs/NF nanoplatelets, scale 20nm;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the polarization curve of (a) of a prepared sample when it catalyzes OER in 1M KOH; (b) a histogram of overpotential and current density at the time of reaction; (c) a tafel slope plot; (d 1) - (d 2) an Electrochemical Impedance (EIS) plot;
FIGS. 5 (a) (b) are a polarization curve and a Tafil slope plot, respectively, of nickel foam when catalyzing OER in 1M KOH;
FIG. 6 is an OER polarization curve of a sample after surface area normalization;
FIG. 7 (a) is a plot of polarization of a sample of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 before and after 1000 CV cycles; FIG. 7 (b) shows that the NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 sample has a current density of 10mA cm during OER reaction -2 Timing potential diagram.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the following examples and comparative examples of the present invention, nickel Foam (NF) was used which was treated by the following method:
the cutting specification size of the foam nickel is 2.8X2 cm 2 After ultrasonic cleaning in 6M HCl for 30min to remove the surface oxide layer, the surface oxide layer is respectively cleaned with absolute ethyl alcohol and deionized water and dried for standby.
Example 1: preparation of foam Nickel-based porous NiFe LDH ultra-thin nanosheet material (NiFe LDHMs/NF-200)
0.214g (0.9 mmol) of nickel chloride hexahydrate, 0.081g (0.3 mmol) of iron chloride hexahydrate, 0.498g (8.3 mmol) of urea and 0.118g (3.2 mmol) of ammonium fluoride were weighed out and dissolved in 20mL of deionized water, and stirred to form a uniform solution. Dropwise adding 200 mu L of hydrogen peroxide solution (the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.0979 mol/L) into the solution, transferring the solution into a 50mL stainless steel reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, immersing the treated foam nickel into the prepared reaction solution, sealing the reaction solution, placing the reaction solution into an oven for reaction at 120 ℃ for 16 hours, naturally cooling the reaction solution to room temperature after the reaction is finished, taking out the reaction solution, centrifuging the reaction solution at 10000rpm for 2 minutes, alternately washing the obtained product with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and finally drying the obtained product in a blast drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the porous NiFe LDH ultrathin nano-sheet, which is abbreviated as NiFe LDHMs/NF-200.
As shown in FIG. 1 (a), niFe LDHMs/NF-200 nanoplatelets were uniformly grown on the nickel foam. FIGS. 1 (b) and 1 (c) are low-power and high-power Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) images of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200, respectively, and it is apparent from the images that the NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 nanosheets have a porous structure. FIG. 1 (d) is a high resolution electron microscope (HRTEM) image of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 nanosheets, and compared with the p-NiFe LDHs/NF nanosheets prepared in comparative example 1 below, the lattice spacing is still 0.25nm after hydrogen peroxide is added, and the corresponding crystal face is (012). FIGS. 1 (e 1) - (e 4) are element distribution diagrams of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200, FIG. 1 (e 1) is a merge diagram, and FIGS. 1 (e 2) - (e 4) are element distribution diagrams of Ni, fe and O in sequence, from which it can be seen that Ni, fe and O are uniformly distributed on the nanoplatelets; FIG. 1 (f) is an atomic force microscope image of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 nanoplatelets, from which it can be seen that the nanoplatelets are extremely thin, about 1.8nm. FIG. 1 (g) is an X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) diagram of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 and p-NiFe LDHs/NF, and it can be seen from the diagram that no new diffraction peak appears after hydrogen peroxide is added.
As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the pore size on the surface of the NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 nanosheets was 8.3nm; FIG. 2 (b) shows a Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) pattern of NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 nanosheets. From this figure it can be seen that the corresponding crystal planes are the (012) and (110) crystal planes. FIG. 2 (c) shows the NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 nanosheets dispersed in an ethanol solution and showing the tyndall phenomenon under laser irradiation, which indicates that the NiFe LDHMs/NF-200 nanosheets have good dispersibility and uniformity.
Comparative example 1: preparation of foam nickel-based NiFe LDH ultra-thin nanosheet material (p-NiFe LDHs/NF)
0.214g (0.9 mmol) of nickel chloride hexahydrate, 0.081g (0.3 mmol) of iron chloride hexahydrate, 0.498g (8.3 mmol) of urea and 0.118g (3.2 mmol) of ammonium fluoride were weighed out and dissolved in 20mL of deionized water, and stirred to form a uniform solution. Then transferring the obtained product into a 50mL stainless steel reaction kettle with polytetrafluoroethylene lining, immersing the treated foam nickel into the reaction liquid prepared above, sealing the reaction liquid, placing the reaction liquid in an oven for reaction at 120 ℃ for 16 hours, naturally cooling the reaction liquid to room temperature after the reaction is finished, taking out the reaction liquid, centrifuging the reaction liquid at 10000rpm for 2 minutes, alternately washing the obtained product with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and finally drying the obtained product in a blast drying box at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the NiFe LDH ultrathin nano-sheet, which is abbreviated as p-NiFe LDHs/NF.
As shown in fig. 3 (a) and fig. 1 (b), the surface of the p-NiFe LDHs/NF nanosheets is smooth and no holes appear under the condition that no hydrogen peroxide is added; FIG. 3 (c) is a high resolution electron microscope (HRTEM) image of p-NiFe LDHs/NF nanoplatelets, from which the lattice spacing can be 0.25nm, the corresponding crystal plane (012); FIGS. 3 (d 1) - (d 4) are element distribution diagrams of p-NiFe LDHs/NF nano-sheets, FIG. 3 (d 1) is a merge diagram, and FIGS. 3 (d 2) - (d 4) are element distribution diagrams of Ni, fe and O in sequence, wherein the Ni, fe and O are uniformly distributed on the nano-sheets.
Example 2: preparation of foam Nickel-based porous NiFe LDH ultra-thin nanosheet material (NiFe LDHMs/NF-20)
0.214g (0.9 mmol) of nickel chloride hexahydrate, 0.081g (0.3 mmol) of iron chloride hexahydrate, 0.498g (8.3 mmol) of urea and 0.118g (3.2 mmol) of ammonium fluoride were weighed out and dissolved in 20mL of deionized water, and stirred to form a uniform solution. Dropwise adding 20 mu L of hydrogen peroxide solution (the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.0979 mol/L) into the solution, transferring the solution into a 50mL stainless steel reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, immersing the treated foam nickel into the prepared reaction solution, sealing the reaction solution, placing the reaction solution in an oven for reaction at 120 ℃ for 16 hours, naturally cooling the reaction solution to room temperature after the reaction is finished, taking out the reaction solution, centrifuging the reaction solution at 10000rpm for 2 minutes, alternately washing the obtained product with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and finally drying the obtained product in a blast drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the porous NiFe LDH ultrathin nano-sheet, which is abbreviated as NiFe LDHMs/NF-20.
Example 3: preparation of foam Nickel-based porous NiFe LDH ultra-thin nanosheet material (NiFe LDHMs/NF-60)
0.214g (0.9 mmol) of nickel chloride hexahydrate, 0.081g (0.3 mmol) of iron chloride hexahydrate, 0.498g (8.3 mmol) of urea and 0.118g (3.2 mmol) of ammonium fluoride were weighed out and dissolved in 20mL of deionized water, and stirred to form a uniform solution. Dropwise adding 60 mu L of hydrogen peroxide solution (the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.02937 mol/L) into the solution, transferring the solution into a 50mL stainless steel reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, immersing the treated foam nickel into the prepared reaction solution, sealing the reaction solution, placing the reaction solution in an oven for reaction at 120 ℃ for 16 hours, naturally cooling the reaction solution to room temperature after the reaction is finished, taking out the reaction solution, centrifuging the reaction solution at 10000rpm for 2 minutes, alternately washing the obtained product with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and finally drying the obtained product in a blast drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the porous NiFe LDH ultrathin nanosheets, which are abbreviated as NiFe LDHMs/NF-60.
Example 4: preparation of foam Nickel-based porous NiFe LDH ultra-thin nanosheet material (NiFe LDHMs/NF-300)
0.214g (0.9 mmol) of nickel chloride hexahydrate, 0.081g (0.3 mmol) of iron chloride hexahydrate, 0.498g (8.3 mmol) of urea and 0.118g (3.2 mmol) of ammonium fluoride were weighed out and dissolved in 20mL of deionized water, and stirred to form a uniform solution. Dropwise adding 300 mu L of hydrogen peroxide solution (the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide solution is 0.14685 mol/L) into the solution, transferring the solution into a 50mL stainless steel reaction kettle with a polytetrafluoroethylene lining, immersing the treated foam nickel into the prepared reaction solution, sealing the reaction solution, placing the reaction solution in a baking oven for reaction at 120 ℃ for 16 hours, naturally cooling the reaction solution to room temperature after the reaction is finished, taking out the reaction solution, centrifuging the reaction solution at 10000rpm for 2 minutes, alternately washing the obtained product with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times, and finally drying the obtained product in a blast drying oven at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the porous NiFe LDH ultrathin nano-sheet, which is abbreviated as NiFe LDHMs/NF-300.
Example 5: OER Performance test
The whole electrocatalytic test was carried out under a standard three-electrode system, using the foam nickel-based composite materials prepared in the above examples and comparative examples as working electrodes, with no effective electrolytic area of 1X 0.5cm 2 The reference electrode is an Ag/AgCl (saturated chlorine KCl solution) electrode, and the auxiliary electrode is a platinum wire electrode. The electrolyte solution used for the Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) test was saturated 1M KOH, the potential was swept in the range of 1.0 to 1.9V vs RHE, and the sweep rate was 5mV/s. The Electrochemical Impedance (EIS) was carried out at a voltage of 1.54V vs RHE with an amplitude of 10mV and a frequency in the range of 100kHz-0.01 Hz. The data were all compensated for 95% ir.
As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) - (d 2) and FIG. 5 (FIG. 4 (d 2) is a partial interval enlargement of (d 1)), niFe LDHMs/NF-200 exhibits excellent OER electrocatalytic performance. At 10 mA.cm -2 The value of the overpotential is only 170mV, and the Tafil slope is as low as 39.3 mV.dec -1 The Tafil slope of NiFe LDHMs/NF-20 is 74.39 mV.dec -1 The Tafil slope of NiFe LDHMs/NF-60 is 70.57 mV.dec -1 The Tafil slope of NiFe LDHMs/NF-300 is 42.58 mV.dec -1 The Tafil slope of the p-NiFe LDHs/NF is 78.21 mV.dec -1 . Meanwhile, in an Electrochemical Impedance (EIS) diagram, niFe LDHMs/NF-200 presents the smallest semicircular radius, which indicates that the charge transfer resistance is smaller. Meanwhile, as is apparent from FIG. 4 (d 2), the semi-circular radii of the NiFe LDHMs/NF-200, the NiFe LDHMs/NF-300, the NiFe LDHMs/NF-60, the NiFe LDHMs/NF-20 and the p-NiFe LDHs/NF are sequentially increased. After surface area normalization, niFe LDHMs/NF-200 still exhibited excellent OER electrocatalysis, as shown in FIG. 6Performance.
Example 6: OER stability test
The chronopotentiometric test was carried out with a standard three-electrode system (cf. Example 5) with reference electrode, auxiliary electrode and working electrode inserted in a saturated 1.0M KOH solution, the current density measured being constant at 10mA cm -2 。
As shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and (b), niFe LDHMs/NF-200 exhibited excellent stability, with polarization curves almost coincident before and after 1000 CV cycles, and with no significant decrease in electrocatalytic performance after 40 hours of potentiostatic testing.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it should be understood by those skilled in the art that several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The preparation method of the foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nanosheets is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
immersing foam nickel into a reaction solution, wherein the reaction solution comprises divalent nickel salt, trivalent ferric salt, urea, ammonium fluoride, hydrogen peroxide and water, and reacting at 100-120 ℃ under a closed condition, so as to obtain the foam nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nanosheets after the reaction is completed; in the reaction solution, the concentration of divalent nickel salt is 0.025-0.054mol/L, the concentration of trivalent ferric salt is 0.006-0.025mol/L, and the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.01-0.15mol/L.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the divalent nickel salt is one or more selected from the group consisting of nickel chloride, nickel nitrate and nickel sulfate.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the ferric salt is selected from ferric chloride and/or ferric nitrate.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of urea in the reaction solution is 0.415mol/L; the concentration of ammonium fluoride in the reaction solution was 0.16mol/L.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction time is 10 to 24 hours.
6. The nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nanosheets prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nanosheets comprise nickel foam and a plurality of NiFe hydrotalcite nanosheets positioned on the surface of the nickel foam, and a plurality of porous structures are distributed on the NiFe hydrotalcite nanosheets.
7. The foamed nickel-based porous NiFe hydrotalcite nanoplatelets according to claim 6, wherein said NiFe hydrotalcite nanoplatelets have a thickness of 1-5nm.
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