CN111226561A - Method for burying straw in decomposition pool - Google Patents
Method for burying straw in decomposition pool Download PDFInfo
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- CN111226561A CN111226561A CN202010090989.5A CN202010090989A CN111226561A CN 111226561 A CN111226561 A CN 111226561A CN 202010090989 A CN202010090989 A CN 202010090989A CN 111226561 A CN111226561 A CN 111226561A
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- straws
- decomposition
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- pool
- decomposition pool
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 19
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000010149 Brassica rapa subsp chinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000000536 Brassica rapa subsp pekinensis Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 241000499436 Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000305491 Gastrodia elata Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007728 cost analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for burying straws in a decomposition pool, and relates to a method for treating straws. The invention solves the problems of high cost and influence on the rate of emergence of the conventional straw treatment method. The method for burying the straws in the decomposition pool comprises the following steps: firstly, digging a decomposition pool; secondly, burying the straws to be treated into a decomposition pool, and covering soil; thus completing the treatment of the straws. The method has low cost and simple operation, can reasonably treat the straws and does not influence the emergence rate of the crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for treating straws.
Background
Jilin province and northeast China are big provinces of corn commodity grain yield in China, and make important contributions to the national grain safety guarantee. Jilin province produces a large amount of commercial grains and a large amount of by-product straws, if the straws are accumulated in the field and cannot be effectively utilized and treated, farmers can influence the land of the next year, if the straws are burnt on the spot, the atmosphere can be polluted, the quality of the ecological environment is influenced, and the resource value of the straws is wasted. For a period of time, a great deal of work is done by research and production units, and the problems of straw utilization and treatment are explored, but effective breakthrough technical innovation is not available. Crop straws are mainly utilized in 5 aspects: the method comprises the steps of fertilizer utilization, feed utilization, fuel utilization, raw material utilization and base material utilization, and is called five-material utilization for short. According to the comprehensive utilization evaluation result of the straws, the agricultural proportion of the straws in China reaches 66%, wherein the utilization ratio of the fertilizer is 43.2%. As the straws contain a large amount of organic substances and rich nutrient elements, the application of the straws to the soil can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, effectively improve the content of organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil, enrich the types of microorganisms and be a good organic fertilizer. However, returning the straw to the field with high efficiency and low cost is a considerable problem. At the present stage, although numerous researchers research the straw returning method, various returning utilization methods still have many problems in production practice, for example, large-scale instruments are used for directly and deeply burying the straws in the soil, the method has high mechanical requirements, greatly increases the planting cost of farmers, and is not beneficial to popularization and use. The straw is smashed deeply and still is the returning field mode of popularizing at present, though the situation of operation fee is still subsidized deeply at the whole amount of the government, the peasant still does not recognize, because when dibbling, there is the problem that the seed directly falls on the smashed straw and does not fall on the soil, this kind of seed is difficult for emerging, influences the seed emergence rate, greatly influences the output of crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for burying straws in a decomposition pond, aiming at solving the problems of high cost and influence on the rate of emergence of the conventional straw treatment method.
The method for burying the straws in the decomposition pool comprises the following steps:
digging a ditch with the width of 95-100 cm and the depth of 35-45 cm in the field of the straws to be treated as a decomposition pool;
secondly, burying the straws to be treated in a decomposition pool, compacting, and covering soil; thus completing the landfill of the straws.
According to the invention, a ditch with the width of 95-100 cm and the depth of 35-45 cm is used as a decomposition pool and is directly arranged on the land of the straws to be treated, so that the cost of manpower and material resources is saved, the corns can be planted on two sides of the decomposition pool by ridging again, the planting quantity of the corns cannot be influenced, namely the emergence rate of the corns cannot be influenced; the method is characterized in that the straws to be treated are buried in the decomposition pool, then soil is covered, and economic crops such as Chinese cabbages, saprophytic edible fungi, gastrodia elata traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the like can be planted on the covered soil part (decomposition bed), and even corn can be continuously planted. The straws are continuously decomposed in the decomposition tank, so that nutrients are continuously released, and the fertility of the surrounding soil is improved; along with the increase of the age, the biochar formed under the decomposition action can be used as fertilizer for reutilization or sale; moreover, the straws in the next year can be continuously buried into the decomposition pool according to the annual conditions, so that the decomposition pool can be recycled, and the treatment cost of the straws is saved. The straw treatment method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, low in cost, free of occupying the crop planting land, free of influencing the normal planting of crops, beneficial to the resource treatment and utilization of straws, and easy to accept, popularize and use by farmers.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention after burying the straw to be treated in a decomposition tank for compaction and covering with soil;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a decomposition tank in accordance with a fifth embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a decomposition tank in accordance with a sixth embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the embodiment six showing the straw being buried therein.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, but includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
The first embodiment is as follows: the method for burying the straws in the decomposition pond is carried out according to the following steps:
digging a ditch with the width of 95-100 cm and the depth of 35-45 cm in the field of the straws to be treated as a decomposition pool;
secondly, burying the straws to be treated in a decomposition pool, compacting, and covering soil; thus completing the landfill of the straws.
The schematic diagram of the embodiment after burying the straw to be treated in the decomposition tank for compaction and covering with soil is shown in fig. 1, and the schematic diagram consists of a ditch (decomposition tank), a buried straw part and a covering with soil part (decomposition bed), namely a ditch 1 (decomposition tank), a buried straw part 2 (decomposition tank) and a covering with soil part 3 (decomposition bed).
According to the embodiment, a ditch with the width of 95-100 cm and the depth of 35-45 cm is used as a decomposition pool and is directly arranged on the land of the straws to be treated, so that the cost of manpower and material resources is saved, the corns can be planted on two sides of the decomposition pool by new ridges, the planting quantity of the corns cannot be influenced, and the emergence rate of the corns cannot be influenced; according to the embodiment, the straws to be treated are buried in the decomposition pool, then soil is covered, and economic crops such as Chinese cabbages, saprophytic edible fungi, gastrodia elata traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the like can be planted on the straws, and even corns can be continuously planted on the straws. The straws are continuously decomposed in the decomposition tank, so that nutrients are continuously released, and the fertility of the surrounding soil is improved; along with the increase of the age, the biochar formed under the decomposition action can be used as fertilizer for reutilization or sale. The straw treatment method of the embodiment is simple to operate, low in cost, free of occupying the crop planting land, free of influencing the normal planting of crops, beneficial to the resource treatment and utilization of straws, and easy to accept and popularize by farmers.
The second embodiment is as follows: the first difference of the specific embodiment is that the straw to be treated in the first step is whole straw or crushed straw. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The third concrete implementation mode: the first specific implementation mode is different in that the straws are compacted in the second step and then are 8-10 cm higher than the ground. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the first or second embodiment is different in that the height of the covering soil in the second step is 8-10 cm. The rest is the same as the first embodiment.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the method for burying the straws in the decomposition pond is carried out according to the following steps:
digging a ditch with the width of 94.5cm and the depth of 40cm in a field of straws to be treated as a decomposition pool;
secondly, burying the straws to be treated in a decomposition pool, compacting, and covering soil; thus completing the landfill of the straws.
In the second step of the embodiment, the compacted straw is 10cm higher than the ground, and the covered soil is 10cm high.
The decomposition pool dug in the first step of the embodiment utilizes the middle position of the original four-ridge land, the rest parts at two sides are made into large ridges, the two large ridges can be used for planting four times of seeds, namely, crops can be planted according to the original number, the method of the embodiment can effectively treat straws, does not influence the planting number of the crops, and then does not influence the normal emergence rate of the crops; the straws are concentrated in a closed environment, and are continuously decomposed to continuously release nutrients, so that the fertility of the surrounding soil is improved; along with the increase of the age, the biochar formed under the decomposition action can be used as fertilizer for reutilization or sale; moreover, the straws in the next year can be continuously buried into the decomposition pool according to the annual conditions, so that the decomposition pool can be recycled, and the treatment cost of the straws is greatly saved. After the straw is buried, commercial crops such as Chinese cabbage, saprophytic edible fungi, gastrodia elata traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the like can be planted in the soil covering part (decomposition bed) of the straw, and even corn can be continuously planted. The schematic diagram of the decomposition pool made of four ridges in this embodiment is shown in fig. 2, wherein a is the schematic diagram of the original four ridges, and B is the schematic diagram after the decomposition pool is dug, and 1-ditch (decomposition pool), 2-buried straw part, 3-covered soil part (decomposition bed), 4-seed, 5-original ridge and 6-new ridge are shown in the figure.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the method for burying the straws in the decomposition pond is carried out according to the following steps:
digging a ditch with the width of 94.5cm and the depth of 40cm in a field of straws to be treated as a decomposition pool;
secondly, burying the straws to be treated in a decomposition pool, compacting, and covering soil; the straw is buried; wherein 1 single ridge and 1/4 single ridges on two sides are used for digging the decomposition pool in the first step, the width of the single ridge is 65cm, the straws are compacted in the second step and then are 10cm higher than the ground, and the height of covering soil is 10 cm.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out ridge breaking again when corns are planted in the next year (the ridge breaking is to break the middle of an original ridge to form a new ridge with the same size as the original ridge), directly digging a ditch with the width of 94.5cm and the depth of 40cm as a decomposition pool when the ridge is broken, namely, making 1 single ridge (65cm) and 1/4 single ridges (16.25cm) on two sides into a decomposition pool with the width of 97.5cm, making the ditch with the depth of 40cm into a decomposition pool, making the rest 3/4 single ridges (48.75cm) and the adjacent 1/2 ridges (32.5cm) on two sides of the decomposition pool into large ridges (81.25cm), and carrying out other ridges according to a normal ridge breaking mode. The schematic diagram of the decomposition pool of the embodiment is shown in fig. 3, wherein A is the schematic diagram of an original ridge, B is the schematic diagram after the decomposition pool is dug, and 1-ditch (decomposition pool), 2-buried straw part, 3-covered soil part (decomposition bed), 4-seed, 5-original ridge and 6-new ridge are shown in the figure.
In 2018, the method of the present embodiment was used in Jilin province, and the schematic view of burying straws is shown in FIG. 4, in which 1 denotes digging a decomposition pond, 2 denotes burying whole straws, 3 denotes burying crushed straws, and 4 denotes covering soil (decomposition bed).
The treated corn stover was analyzed as follows:
1. straw landfill amount: in the corn field, if the corn kernel yield is 10t/hm2The quantity of the straws per 1 prolonged rice in each ridge is 0.65kg (wherein, the mass ratio of the seeds and the straws of one strain of corn is 1:1), and the density of the compacted corn dry straws is 130kg/m3The volume of the decomposition pool for placing straws per prolonged meter is 0.5m3(97.5cm by 50cm by 100cm), 65kg of dry straws can be placed, namely, 100 ridges of straws with one prolonged meter can be buried in every 1 prolonged meter, namely, a decomposition pool with corresponding length is made in every 100 ridges, and all the produced straws can be accommodated;
2. 3/4 single ridges (48.75cm) and 1/2 ridges (32.5cm) which are adjacent to each other on the two sides of the decomposition pool are made into large ridges (81.25cm), and corns are planted on the large ridges in double rows, namely the original planting quantity is not reduced, and the emergence rate is not reduced;
3. and (3) cost analysis: the manufacturing cost of the decomposition pool and the decomposition bed is 4 yuan per cubic meter (2 prolonged meters), and 200kg of straws can be placed in the decomposition pool and the decomposition bed, namely, the treatment cost of each ton of straws is only 20 yuan;
4. and (3) benefit analysis: as the straws are continuously decomposed in the decomposition tank, nutrient elements are diffused into the soil, and the straws are buried into the decomposition tank in the next year along with the increase of the age limit, so that the decomposition tank can be recycled; the decomposition bed can be used for planting corn or other economic crops such as Chinese cabbage, saprophytic edible fungi, gastrodia elata traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the like, and even can be used for continuously planting corn, so that the benefit is considerable;
5. under the condition of not reducing the planting area, the straw returning is achieved, and the seeds are completely planted on the soil.
The analysis result shows that the method for processing the straw by ditching has high mechanization degree, simple operation and low cost, does not influence the rate of emergence when being planted, and is easily accepted by farmers and popularized and used.
Claims (4)
1. A method for burying straws in a decomposition pool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
digging a ditch with the width of 95-100 cm and the depth of 35-45 cm in the field of the straws to be treated as a decomposition pool;
secondly, burying the straws to be treated in a decomposition pool, compacting, and covering soil; thus completing the landfill of the straws.
2. The method for burying straws in a decomposition pond as claimed in claim 1, wherein the straws to be treated are whole straws or crushed straws.
3. The method for burying straws in a decomposition pool according to claim 1, wherein the straws are compacted in the second step and then are 8-10 cm higher than the ground.
4. The method for burying straws in a decomposition pool according to claim 1, wherein the height of the covering soil in the second step is 8-10 cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010090989.5A CN111226561A (en) | 2020-02-13 | 2020-02-13 | Method for burying straw in decomposition pool |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010090989.5A CN111226561A (en) | 2020-02-13 | 2020-02-13 | Method for burying straw in decomposition pool |
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| CN111226561A true CN111226561A (en) | 2020-06-05 |
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| CN202010090989.5A Pending CN111226561A (en) | 2020-02-13 | 2020-02-13 | Method for burying straw in decomposition pool |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101791072A (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2010-08-04 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Maize straw ensilage process and ensilage pool for farmers |
| CN101911867A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-12-15 | 南京农业大学 | Method for returning total stalks into fields |
| CN102838391A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-26 | 吴杰森 | Usage method of straw decomposition agent for straw mulching |
| CN105145003A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-16 | 湖南农业大学 | Farming method for returning straw to field locally in corn and flue-cured tobacco rotating system |
| CN107211679A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-29 | 张小红 | A kind of method of straw-returning interplanting corn potato |
| CN109005725A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | 成都惠森生物技术有限公司 | Utilize the method and crop planting method of straw-returning improvement soil |
| CN110036715A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-23 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Crop material or green manure crop, which are cut, concentrates ditch to bury returning to the field method and relevant device |
-
2020
- 2020-02-13 CN CN202010090989.5A patent/CN111226561A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101791072A (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2010-08-04 | 农业部环境保护科研监测所 | Maize straw ensilage process and ensilage pool for farmers |
| CN101911867A (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2010-12-15 | 南京农业大学 | Method for returning total stalks into fields |
| CN102838391A (en) * | 2011-06-24 | 2012-12-26 | 吴杰森 | Usage method of straw decomposition agent for straw mulching |
| CN105145003A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-16 | 湖南农业大学 | Farming method for returning straw to field locally in corn and flue-cured tobacco rotating system |
| CN107211679A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-09-29 | 张小红 | A kind of method of straw-returning interplanting corn potato |
| CN109005725A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | 成都惠森生物技术有限公司 | Utilize the method and crop planting method of straw-returning improvement soil |
| CN110036715A (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2019-07-23 | 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所 | Crop material or green manure crop, which are cut, concentrates ditch to bury returning to the field method and relevant device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 陈治忠: "玉米秸秆还田方法", 《云南农业》 * |
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