CN111220647B - Non-contact nondestructive testing method and device for thermal insulation temperature of thermal barrier coating - Google Patents
Non-contact nondestructive testing method and device for thermal insulation temperature of thermal barrier coating Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012720 thermal barrier coating Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 66
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
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- FURQSAZPFAMWSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Si]=O.[Mg].[Ca] Chemical compound [Si]=O.[Mg].[Ca] FURQSAZPFAMWSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a non-contact nondestructive testing method and a non-contact nondestructive testing device for the heat insulation temperature of a thermal barrier coating, which belong to the technical field of nondestructive testing. Compared with the existing thermocouple contact temperature testing technology, the method has the advantages of non-contact measurement, no influence on the surface of the thermal barrier coating and the original gas flow field and temperature field in the air passage of the hollow blade, quick response of temperature test, and simple testing process, and has stronger practicability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and relates to an infrared temperature testing method, in particular to a non-contact nondestructive testing method and a non-contact nondestructive testing device for the heat insulation temperature of a thermal barrier coating.
Background
Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs) are widely applied to high-temperature alloy hot end components of aeroengines and gas turbines, are used for carrying out high-temperature heat insulation protection on the high-temperature alloy components, and can obviously improve the conversion efficiency of the aeroengines and the gas turbines. The thermal barrier coating consists of a metal bonding layer and a ceramic heat-insulating top layer, wherein the main component of the metal bonding layer is MCrAlY (M is Ni and Co) or NiAlPt, and the metal bonding layer mainly plays roles in resisting high-temperature oxidation and relieving the mismatch of the thermal and physical properties of the ceramic heat-insulating top layer and a high-temperature alloy; the ceramic heat-insulating layer materials widely used at present are mainly yttria partially stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and GdZrO3。
Thermal insulation is the main function of thermal barrier coatings, and the requirement for meeting the thermal insulation effect is one of the most important factors for ensuring the service life and safe service of the turbine blade. The heat insulation effect of the thermal barrier coating refers to the difference between the surface temperature of the ceramic heat insulation top layer and the temperature of the metal bonding layer interface, the larger the temperature difference is, the better the heat insulation effect is, and otherwise, the worse the heat insulation effect is. The insufficient heat protection effect of the thermal barrier coating can cause the insufficient heat protection of the single crystal nickel-based high-temperature alloy blade, the rapid degradation of the structure and the mechanical property of the blade can be caused, the service life of the blade can be shortened, and engine accidents can be caused if unexpected breakage occurs. Theoretical analysis shows that the heat insulation effect of the thermal barrier coating (the difference between the surface temperature of the thermal barrier coating and the surface temperature of the single crystal nickel-based alloy blade) depends on the product of the heat flow density along the thickness direction of the coating and the thermal resistance of the thermal barrier coating. The heat flux density is mainly determined by the heat quantity taken away by the cooling air film in the cooling air passage in the unit area of the blade in unit time. The thermal resistance of the coating is the product of the thermal conductivity of the ceramic layer itself and the thickness of the coating. When the heat flow density is constant, the larger the thickness of the ceramic layer of the thermal barrier coating is, the lower the thermal conductivity of the coating is, and the better the heat insulation effect is. For a given coating, the better the airway cooling, the greater the heat flux density the better the insulation, but the strong cooling has the adverse effect of reducing engine efficiency. The thermal insulation effect of a thermal barrier coating is not only related to the properties of the coating itself, but also to the external environment. Therefore, the calculation of the thermal insulation effect of the thermal barrier coating cannot be directly realized through the parameters of the coating, so that the direct measurement of the thermal insulation effect by adopting an advanced testing means in a simulated or real service environment is very important, whether the thermal barrier coating with a new product is qualified or not can be judged, the thermal barrier coating on the surface of the blade after being used for a period of time can be evaluated, and whether the service requirement is met or not is judged.
At present, the thermal insulation effect of the thermal barrier coating is mainly measured by adopting a mode of carrying out external heating and internal cooling on a circular tube test piece embedded with an armored thermocouple. In the aspect of a coating surface heating means, the heating is carried out by radiation in a furnace, and the heating mode is different from a heat transfer mode that actual heat sheet gas convection is mainly used and high-temperature radiation is used as an auxiliary mode; in the aspect of testing means, the heat conduction of the armored shell has certain delay, and meanwhile, the thermocouple can influence the airflow field and the temperature field on the surface of the coating and the side of the substrate, so that the testing data has delay and uncertainty; . In the aspect of testing the environment, the characteristics of the fuel gas are difficult to change, the interaction between the coating heat insulation and the gas film hole cannot be considered, the actual service working condition of the blade such as calcium-magnesium-silicon oxide particles cannot be added, the difference from the service state of the blade is large, and the heat insulation effect of the coating is difficult to characterize. In the aspect of test content, only short-time heat insulation performance can be measured, and the influence of service time, environment and coating thickness on the heat insulation effect is not considered; in the aspect of applicability, the measurement of the heat insulation effect distribution of the whole surface of the blade with the complex profile is difficult to meet. Due to the above factors, it is very difficult to evaluate the heat insulation effect of the coating under different working conditions in the design of the turbine air-cooled blade, and the engineering problem needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a non-contact nondestructive testing method and a non-contact nondestructive testing device for the thermal insulation temperature of a thermal barrier coating.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
the invention discloses a non-contact nondestructive testing method for the heat insulation temperature of a thermal barrier coating, which comprises the following steps:
s1: heating the YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer surface of the high-temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample, cooling the high-temperature alloy substrate surface of the high-temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample, and simulating a real service environment;
s2: respectively measuring the surface temperature T of the YSZ ceramic top layer by using two infrared thermometers with different response wavelengthssAnd temperature T of YSZ ceramic layer and metal bonding layer interfacei；
S4: t in the calculation step S2sAnd TiThe difference is the heat insulation temperature of the thermal barrier coating of the high-temperature alloy substrate.
Preferably, in step S2, the method is used for measuring the surface temperature T of the ceramic heat insulation top layersThe thermometer adopts an infrared thermometer with long response wavelength and is used for measuring the temperature T of the interface of the ceramic layer and the metal bonding layeriThe thermometer adopts an infrared thermometer with response wavelength from near infrared to mid-infrared thermal radiation.
Still further preferably, the infrared thermometers for temperature measurement each collect an infrared signal from the surface side of the thermal barrier coating ceramic layer.
Preferably, in step S1, the heating of the ceramic thermal insulation top layer surface of the high temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample is realized by heating the ceramic top layer surface by a high temperature high speed flame flow heating method or a high energy laser beam heating method.
Preferably, in step S1, the cooling of the superalloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample is performed by directing a cooling gas stream against the superalloy substrate surface.
Preferably, the shape of the high-temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample is a flat plate or a curve.
The invention discloses a testing device for realizing the non-contact nondestructive testing method of the heat insulation temperature of a thermal barrier coating, which is characterized by comprising a heating device, a cooling device and a temperature measuring unit;
the heating device is used for heating the high-temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample, and the cooling device is used for cooling the high-temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample;
the temperature measuring unit comprises an infrared measuring instrument I, an infrared measuring instrument II and a temperature measuring signal collecting and processing device electrically connected with the infrared measuring instrument I and the infrared measuring instrument II.
Preferably, the wavelength of the infrared measuring instrument I is 1-3 μm; the wavelength of the infrared thermometer II is 8-14 μm.
Preferably, the temperature measuring unit further comprises an infrared thermometer track movement control unit respectively connected with the infrared thermometer I and the infrared thermometer II, and the infrared thermometer track movement control unit is composed of a moving platform and a controller.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a non-contact nondestructive testing method for the heat insulation temperature of a thermal barrier coating, which comprises the steps of firstly simulating a real service environment, heating the surface of a ceramic heat insulation top layer of a high-temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample, cooling the surface of a high-temperature alloy substrate, and respectively measuring the surface temperature T of the ceramic top layer by using two infrared thermometers with different response wavelengthssAnd the temperature T of the interface between the back of the ceramic layer and the metal bonding layeri(ii) a From Ts-TiThe heat insulation temperature of the thermal barrier coating can be obtained. The method has the advantages of no contact with the surface of the thermal barrier coating, no change of the temperature field of the surface of the thermal barrier coating, simple operation, wide application range of the appearance of the test member and the like.
Further, the property of the ceramic layer that is not transparent to long-wave infrared heat radiation is utilized, while long-wave infrared heat radiation is utilizedThe infrared ray is only from the surface radiation of the ceramic layer, and an infrared thermometer with response wavelength of long wavelength is adopted to measure the surface temperature T of the ceramic top layer of the thermal barrier coatingsThe method comprises the steps of measuring the temperature T of the interface between the ceramic layer and the metal bonding layer by using the characteristic that near-infrared to intermediate-infrared heat radiation can partially penetrate through the ceramic layer and the ceramic layer does not emit near-infrared to intermediate-infrared heat radiation, and using an infrared thermometer with response wavelength of near-infrared to intermediate-infrared heat radiationi，
Furthermore, an infrared thermometer I with the wavelength of 1-3 μm is suitable for detecting the temperature of a higher temperature area, so that the temperature of the contact surface of the YSZ ceramic layer and the metal bonding layer is measured by using the infrared thermometer I; the infrared thermometer II with the wavelength of 8-14 mu m is suitable for detecting the temperature of the low-temperature area, so that the infrared thermometer II is used for measuring the temperature of the surface of the YSZ ceramic layer, different infrared thermometers are used for measuring the temperatures of different areas, and the accuracy of the device is improved.
Furthermore, infrared thermometers for temperature measurement collect infrared signals from the surface side of the thermal barrier coating ceramic layer without collecting signals from the substrate side, and compared with a conventional thermocouple temperature measurement method, the method has stronger applicability to a real high-temperature alloy blade with a thermal barrier coating and a cooling air passage inside.
Further, in the thermal insulation temperature test process of the thermal barrier coating, the heating of the surface of the ceramic thermal insulation layer can be realized in various modes such as high-temperature high-speed flame flow formed by burning fuel and oxygen or air as combustion improver, high-energy laser beams and the like; cooling of the superalloy substrate may be achieved by a cooling gas flow; the cooling air flow does not affect the testing precision.
Furthermore, the test sample with the high-temperature alloy thermal barrier coating for testing can be a flat plate, a curved surface and a real turbine blade, and the application range of the method is wide.
The invention also discloses a testing device for realizing the non-contact nondestructive testing method for the heat insulation temperature of the thermal barrier coating, which comprises a heating device, a cooling device and a temperature measuring unit which are respectively used for heating and cooling a high-temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample, wherein the non-contact measurement of an infrared thermometer does not influence the original gas flow field and temperature field on the surface of the thermal barrier coating and in the high-temperature alloy component; the device simple structure, when utilizing the device to carry out thermal-insulated temperature measurement, the temperature test response is fast, and the test procedure is simple, and the practicality is stronger.
Further, by arranging infrared thermometer track movement control units respectively connected with the two infrared thermometers, the controller controls the motion modes of the detection areas of the two infrared thermometers and the moving platform, the temperature of different areas of the thermal barrier coating sample of the measured high-temperature alloy substrate is gradually measured, and the heat insulation temperature distribution of the surface of the whole coating sample is obtained through data synthesis processing; the moving speed can be changed to realize a point type infrared thermometer for measuring the temperature of a single point, or an infrared imager for testing the surface temperature distribution of a specific area to obtain the heat insulation temperature distribution of the specific area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal barrier coating insulation temperature non-contact measurement principle and device;
FIG. 2 shows the measurement result of the heat insulation temperature of the thermal barrier coating with the high-temperature alloy substrate.
Wherein, 1 is a high-temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample; 2, a heating device for the surface of a thermal barrier coating ceramic thermal insulation top layer, 3 a cooling device for a high-temperature alloy substrate with a thermal barrier coating, 4 an infrared thermometer I, and 5 an infrared thermometer II; 6 is an infrared thermometer track movement control unit, and 7 is a temperature measurement signal collecting and processing device.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the drawings described above are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention discloses a non-contact nondestructive testing method for the heat insulation temperature of a thermal barrier coating, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, heating the surface of a thermal insulation top layer of a thermal barrier coating sample with a high-temperature alloy substrate in a certain mode, cooling the surface of the high-temperature alloy substrate, and simulating the real service environment of the high-temperature alloy substrate.
Secondly, utilizing the characteristic that long-wave infrared heat radiation cannot penetrate through the YSZ ceramic layer and the characteristic that long-wave infrared rays only come from the surface radiation of the YSZ ceramic layer, measuring the surface temperature T of the YSZ ceramic top layer of the thermal barrier coating by adopting an infrared thermometer with the response wavelength of long wavelengths。
Thirdly, measuring the temperature T of the surface of the metal bonding layer (the interface between the top layer of the YSZ ceramic and the metal bonding layer) in the thermal barrier coating system by using an infrared thermal radiation thermometer responding to near-infrared to intermediate-infrared thermal radiation by utilizing the characteristic that the near-infrared to intermediate-infrared thermal radiation can partially penetrate through the YSZ ceramic layer and the YSZ ceramic layer does not emit the near-infrared to intermediate-infrared thermal radiation, namely the infrared thermal radiation with the wavelength of the near-infrared to intermediate-infrared thermal radiation only comes from the surface of the metal bonding layer and is not influenced by the YSZ ceramic layeri. From Ts-TiThe heat insulation temperature of the thermal barrier coating can be obtained.
Preferably, the temperature measuring device is composed of two sets of infrared thermal radiation instruments with different wavelength ranges, wherein one set of the infrared thermal radiation instruments is used for measuring the surface temperature of the ceramic layer on the surface layer of the thermal barrier coating, the wavelength of the infrared thermal radiation instruments is in a long-wavelength infrared radiation wave band, the other set of the infrared thermal radiation instruments is used for measuring the surface temperature of the bonding layer at the interface of the ceramic layer and the high-temperature alloy bonding layer, and the wavelength of the infrared thermal radiation instruments is in a wave band range from near infrared to middle infrared.
Preferably, the test sample with the high-temperature alloy thermal barrier coating for testing can be a flat plate, a curved surface and a real turbine blade.
Preferably, in the thermal insulation temperature test process of the thermal barrier coating, the heating of the surface of the ceramic thermal insulation layer can be realized in various modes such as high-temperature high-speed flame flow formed by burning fuel and oxygen or air as combustion improver, high-energy laser beams and the like; cooling of the superalloy substrate may be achieved by a cooling gas flow; the cooling air flow does not affect the testing precision.
Preferably, the infrared thermometers for temperature measurement collect infrared signals from the surface side of the thermal barrier coating ceramic layer, and do not need to collect signals from the substrate side.
Preferably, the two sets of thermometers are provided with the aiming and precision scanning mobile station, and the point-type infrared thermometers for measuring the temperature of a single point or the infrared imager for testing the surface temperature distribution of a specific area can be used for obtaining the heat insulation temperature distribution of the specific area by changing the movement speed of the mobile station.
Preferably, the system consists of two sets of infrared cameras with different wave bands and a mobile platform and a control system, the control system controls the detection areas of the two sets of infrared cameras and the motion mode of the precision scanning mobile platform, the temperature measurement is gradually carried out on different areas of the measured coating, and the heat insulation temperature distribution of the whole sample surface is obtained through data synthesis processing.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, DD6 nickel-based single crystal superalloy with a diameter of 25.4mm and a thickness of 2.5mm is used as a substrate, a NiCoCrAlY metal bonding layer with a thickness of 120 μm is prepared on the surface of the high temperature alloy substrate by adopting a low pressure plasma spraying technology, an 8YSZ ceramic heat insulation top layer with a thickness of 250 μm is prepared on the surface of the metal bonding layer by adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying technology, and the high temperature alloy sheet with the thermal barrier coating is used as a high temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample 1 to be tested.
Taking an oxyacetylene flame gun as a heating device 2 for the surface of the thermal barrier coating ceramic thermal insulation top layer, and adopting oxyacetylene flame to heat the surface of the thermal barrier coating ceramic thermal insulation layer to simulate thermal shock of high-temperature gas in an actual service environment to the thermal barrier coating on the surface of the blade; a compressed air gun is used as a cooling device 3 of the high-temperature alloy base material with the thermal barrier coating, cooling air is adopted to cool the high-temperature alloy base material from the back of the sample, and cooling of the high-temperature alloy base material by high-pressure air in an air passage inside the hollow high-temperature alloy blade in the actual service environment is simulated.
Subsequently, an infrared thermometer I4 point type with a response wavelength of 1.3 μm and an infrared thermometer II 5 point type with a response wavelength of 10 μm are fixed on a moving platform of an infrared thermometer locus movement control unit 6, and measurement signal output lines of the two infrared thermometers are connected with a temperature measurement signal collecting and processing device 7. Igniting flame of a heating device 2 on the surface of a thermal barrier coating ceramic thermal insulation top layer, starting a high-temperature alloy substrate cooling device 3 with the thermal barrier coating to compress air, starting two infrared thermometers, starting a temperature measurement signal collecting and processing device 7 to start measurement, and obtaining a test result shown in figure 2, wherein the surface temperature of a YSZ ceramic thermal insulation top layer is 1150 ℃, the interface temperature of the YSZ ceramic thermal insulation top layer and a metal bonding layer is 1000 ℃, and therefore the thermal insulation temperature of the thermal barrier coating of the high-temperature alloy member in the embodiment is 150 ℃.
Example 2:
firstly, an isometric crystal nickel-based high-temperature alloy with the diameter of 25.4mm and the thickness of 2.5mm is taken as a base material, a NiCoCrAlY metal bonding layer with the thickness of 120 mu m is prepared on the surface of the high-temperature alloy base material by adopting a low-pressure plasma spraying technology, an 8YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer with the thickness of 200 mu m is prepared on the surface of the metal bonding layer by adopting an electron beam physical vapor deposition method, and the high-temperature alloy sheet with the thermal barrier coating is taken as a high-temperature alloy component with the thermal barrier coating.
Taking an oxyacetylene flame gun as a heating device 2 for the surface of the thermal insulation top layer of the thermal barrier coating ceramic, cooling the surface of the high-temperature alloy substrate with the thermal barrier coating by using a compressed air gun, and obtaining a cooling condition with a theoretical thermal insulation temperature of 200 ℃ by adjusting the flow of cooling air for test testing.
In the embodiment, a point type infrared thermometer with a response wavelength of 1.45-1.75 μm and a point type infrared thermometer with a response waveband of 8-14 μm are selected. The test result shows that the surface temperature of the YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer is 1150 ℃, the interface temperature of the YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer and the metal bonding layer is 1050 ℃, the heat-insulating temperature of the thermal barrier coating is 100 ℃, and the heat-insulating temperature is consistent with the theoretical result.
Example 3:
firstly, taking a directional solidification nickel-based superalloy with the diameter of 25.4mm and the thickness of 2.5mm as a base material, preparing a NiCoCrAlY metal bonding layer with the thickness of 150 mu m on the surface of the high-temperature alloy base material by adopting a low-pressure plasma spraying technology, preparing an 8YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer with the thickness of 500 mu m on the surface of the metal bonding layer by adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying technology, and taking the high-temperature alloy sheet with the thermal barrier coating as a high-temperature alloy component with the thermal barrier coating.
Taking an oxyacetylene flame gun as a heating device for the surface of a thermal barrier coating ceramic thermal insulation top layer, heating the surface of the thermal barrier coating ceramic thermal insulation layer by oxyacetylene flame, and simulating thermal shock of high-temperature fuel gas in an actual service environment to the thermal barrier coating on the surface of the blade; a compressed air gun is used as a cooling device for the high-temperature alloy substrate with the thermal barrier coating, cooling air is adopted to cool the high-temperature alloy substrate from the back of a sample, the cooling of the high-temperature alloy substrate by high-pressure air in an air passage inside a hollow high-temperature alloy blade in the actual service environment is simulated, the flow of the cooling air is adjusted to enable the thermal barrier coating to achieve the thermal insulation effect of about 300 ℃, and two infrared thermometers are started.
And a point type infrared thermometer with the response wavelength of 1.6-1.75 mu m and a point type infrared thermometer with the response waveband of 8-14 mu m are adopted for measurement. The test result shows that the average surface temperature of the YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer is 1210 ℃, the average interface temperature of the YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer and the metal bonding layer is 920 ℃, the heat-insulating temperature of the thermal barrier coating is 290 ℃, and the heat-insulating temperature is consistent with the theoretical result.
Example 4:
the method comprises the steps of taking a cast nickel-based high-temperature alloy with the diameter of 25.4mm and the thickness of 2.5mm as a base material, preparing a NiCoCrAlY metal bonding layer with the thickness of 100 mu m on the surface of the high-temperature alloy base material by adopting a low-pressure plasma spraying technology, preparing an 8YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer with the thickness of 150 mu m on the surface of the metal bonding layer by adopting an atmospheric plasma spraying technology, and taking the high-temperature alloy sheet with the thermal barrier coating as a high-temperature alloy component with the thermal barrier coating.
Taking an oxyacetylene flame gun as a heating device for the surface of the thermal barrier coating ceramic thermal insulation top layer, and adopting oxyacetylene flame to heat the surface of the thermal barrier coating ceramic thermal insulation layer to simulate thermal shock of high-temperature gas on the thermal barrier coating on the surface of the blade in an actual service environment; a compressed air gun is used as a cooling device for the high-temperature alloy substrate with the thermal barrier coating, cooling air is adopted to cool the high-temperature alloy substrate from the back of a sample, the cooling of the high-temperature alloy substrate by high-pressure air in an air passage inside a hollow high-temperature alloy blade in the actual service environment is simulated, the flow of the cooling air is adjusted to enable the thermal barrier coating to achieve the thermal insulation effect of about 100 ℃, and two infrared thermometers are started.
And a point type infrared thermometer with a response wave band of 3.9 mu m and a point type infrared thermometer with a response wave band of 8-14 mu m are adopted for measurement. The test result shows that the surface average temperature of the YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer is 1050 ℃, the interface average temperature of the YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer and the metal bonding layer is 950 ℃, the heat-insulating temperature of the thermal barrier coating is 100 ℃, and the heat-insulating temperature is consistent with the theoretical result.
Example 5:
the method comprises the steps of taking a nickel-based single crystal superalloy with the diameter of 25.4mm and the thickness of 2.5mm as a base material, preparing a NiCoCrAlY metal bonding layer with the thickness of 100 mu m on the surface of the high-temperature alloy base material by adopting physical vapor deposition, preparing an 8YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer with the thickness of 150 mu m on the surface of the metal bonding layer by adopting electron beam physical vapor deposition, and taking the high-temperature alloy sheet with the thermal barrier coating as the high-temperature alloy component with the thermal barrier coating.
Taking an oxyacetylene flame gun as a heating device for the surface of a thermal insulation top layer of the thermal barrier coating ceramic, cooling the surface of a high-temperature alloy substrate with the thermal barrier coating by using a compressed air gun, and obtaining a cooling condition of 150 ℃ of theoretical thermal insulation temperature of a central area for test testing by adjusting the flow of cooling air.
And adjusting the test range of the infrared camera to cover the whole sample surface area by using the infrared thermal imager with the response wavelength of 1.45-1.75 mu m and the infrared imager with the response waveband of 8-14 mu m respectively, and then measuring the temperature distribution from the coating surface. The test result shows that the surface temperature of the central area of the YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer is 1170 ℃, the interface temperature of the YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer and the metal bonding layer is 1020 ℃, the heat-insulating temperature of the thermal barrier coating is 150 ℃, and the heat-insulating temperature is consistent with the theoretical result; the heat insulation temperature within about 2mm of the edge of the sample was slightly lowered.
In summary, the method of the present invention has the following advantages:
1. the non-contact measurement does not influence the surface of the thermal barrier coating and the original gas flow field and temperature field in the air passage of the hollow blade;
2. the temperature test response is fast, and the test process is simple;
3. the scanning path control device combined with the infrared thermometer can realize the testing of the heat insulation effect of the surface of the complex-profile blade, draw a distribution cloud chart of the heat insulation temperature of the thermal barrier coating on the surface of the complex-profile blade, and realize the detection of the heat insulation temperature of the thermal barrier coating on the surface of the high-speed rotating blade.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A non-contact nondestructive testing method for the heat insulation temperature of a thermal barrier coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: heating the YSZ ceramic heat-insulating top layer surface of the high-temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample, cooling the high-temperature alloy substrate surface of the high-temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample, and simulating a real service environment;
s2: respectively measuring the surface temperature Ts of the top layer of the YSZ ceramic and the temperature Ti of the interface between the back surface of the YSZ ceramic layer and the metal bonding layer by using two infrared thermometers with different response wavelengths;
the thermometer for measuring the surface temperature Ts of the ceramic heat insulation top layer adopts an infrared thermometer with a response wavelength of 8-14 mu m; the temperature measuring instrument for measuring the temperature Ti of the interface between the back surface of the ceramic layer and the metal bonding layer adopts an infrared temperature measuring instrument with response wavelength of near-infrared to mid-infrared thermal radiation, and the wavelength is 1-3 mu m;
s3: calculating the difference value of Ts and Ti in the step S2, wherein the difference value of Ts-Ti is the heat insulation temperature of the thermal barrier coating of the high-temperature alloy base material;
in the step S1, heating the surface of the ceramic heat-insulating top layer of the high-temperature alloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample is realized by heating the surface of the ceramic top layer by a high-temperature high-speed flame flow heating method or a high-energy laser beam heating method;
in step S2, the infrared thermometers for measuring the temperature collect infrared signals from the surface side of the thermal barrier coating ceramic layer.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cooling of the superalloy substrate surface of the superalloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample in step S1 is performed by directing a cooling gas stream at the superalloy substrate surface.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the superalloy substrate thermal barrier coating sample is flat or curved in shape.
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