CN111219194A - Slurry/soil pressure dual-mode shield and tunneling mode conversion method thereof - Google Patents
Slurry/soil pressure dual-mode shield and tunneling mode conversion method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111219194A CN111219194A CN202010199907.0A CN202010199907A CN111219194A CN 111219194 A CN111219194 A CN 111219194A CN 202010199907 A CN202010199907 A CN 202010199907A CN 111219194 A CN111219194 A CN 111219194A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 270
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 149
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011001 backwashing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/124—Helical conveying means therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
- E21D9/13—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms using hydraulic or pneumatic conveying means
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield and a tunneling mode conversion method thereof. In the process of converting the mud-water mode into the soil pressure mode, after the bypass mud pipeline and the communicating pipe are closed, the pressure changes of the soil bin and the air cushion bin are observed, and then whether the conversion can be carried out is judged, so that the stable pressure of the soil bin in the conversion process is favorably ensured; in the process of countercurrent slurry discharge, the slurry discharge speed can be controlled by the slurry discharge pump, and the slurry discharge speed is matched with the shield tunneling speed, so that the pressure in the soil bin can be actively maintained to be stable. In the process of converting the soil pressure mode into the muddy water mode, a part of muck is discharged through the screw conveyor, and the screw conveyor is high in slag discharging speed and beneficial to improving the conversion efficiency; and the reserved residue soil completes residue slurry replacement through a reverse washing mode, so that the phenomenon that the pressure of a soil bin is unstable due to gushing when the screw machine discharges a small amount of residual soil residues can be prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shield construction, in particular to a slurry/soil pressure dual-mode shield and a tunneling mode conversion method thereof.
Background
In the process of selecting the type of the shield, the slurry balance shield or the earth pressure balance shield is generally selected according to the hydrogeological conditions and the surrounding environmental factors.
The pressure in a slurry cabin of the slurry balance shield is controlled accurately, and the slurry balance shield has advantages in construction safety and settlement control in the face of tunnels with complex surrounding environments or poor hydrogeological conditions; the method has the defects of more matched equipment, high requirement on site conditions and higher tunneling cost than an earth pressure balance shield. The pressure control precision in the earth bin of the earth pressure balance shield is slightly poor, the tunnel with good hydrogeological conditions or low requirement on surrounding environment settlement control is faced, the construction efficiency and the cost have advantages, the number of matched equipment is small, and the requirement on site conditions is low.
Along with the increase of the construction difficulty of the shield tunnel, a double-mode shield appears in engineering, and the shield has the advantages of a slurry balance shield and an earth pressure balance shield. For example, chinese patent publication No. CN104879133A describes a dual-mode shield machine capable of earth pressure balance mode tunneling and muddy water balance mode tunneling.
In the double-mode shield construction process, the conversion of a tunneling mode is required, namely, a muddy water balance mode is converted into an earth pressure balance mode, or the earth pressure balance mode is converted into a muddy water balance mode. The key points in the conversion process are to control the pressure fluctuation in the soil bin, maintain the stability of the tunnel face, control the settlement of the soil layer above and reduce the gushing or pipe blockage.
At present, no relevant report of a double-mode shield construction case in the tunnel construction process is found, and no relevant literature for describing the tunneling mode conversion in detail is found, so that a mode conversion method of the double-mode shield, which is beneficial to stabilizing the pressure of an earth bin, controlling the settlement and stabilizing the tunnel face, is needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a muddy water/soil pressure double-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method, and solves the technical problem that the soil bin pressure is unstable in the shield tunneling mode conversion process in the prior art.
To solve the above technical problem, a first aspect of the present invention is:
a muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method is designed, and comprises the following steps
The mud water mode is converted into the soil pressure mode:
(1.1) stopping tunneling when the tunneling mileage reaches the position of converting the muddy water mode into the soil pressure mode, and preparing all matched equipment in the soil pressure mode in place;
(1.2) cleaning the soil bin, the air cushion bin and the bypass slurry pipeline;
(1.3) closing the cleaned bypass slurry pipeline and a communicating pipe between the soil bin and the air cushion bin, observing the pressure changes of the soil bin and the air cushion bin, and if the pressure in the soil bin is relatively stable within a period of time, carrying out the next step;
(1.4) carrying out soil bin stacking:
(1.4.1) opening a bypass slurry pipeline and opening a front gate of the screw machine;
(1.4.2) slowly advancing the shield, and continuously accumulating the muck in the soil bin; meanwhile, a slurry inlet pipe communicated with the upper part of the soil bin is opened, slurry in the soil bin is taken out through a bypass slurry pipeline, and the pressure of the soil bin is observed, so that the shield tunneling speed is matched with the slurry discharge speed, and the pressure of the soil bin is stabilized;
(1.4.3) detecting whether the mud in the soil bin is discharged completely, if so, closing the mud inlet pipe and the bypass mud pipeline, opening a rear gate of the screw machine, operating the screw machine and the belt conveyor, and starting tunneling the shield according to a soil pressure mode;
or converting the soil pressure mode into a mud water mode:
(2.1) stopping tunneling when the tunneling mileage reaches the position where the soil pressure mode is converted into the muddy water mode, and preparing all supporting equipment in the muddy water mode in place;
(2.2) discharging the residue soil of the soil bin:
(2.2.1) starting the screw machine, opening a rear gate of the screw machine, slowly discharging soil, and adding slurry into the soil bin through a slurry inlet pipe in the process of descending the residue soil of the soil bin to ensure the stable pressure of the soil bin;
(2.2.2) when the residual amount of the residue soil in the soil bin is about 1/3 of the estimated amount, stopping the rotation of the screw machine, closing a rear gate of the screw machine, rotating the cutter head to fully mix the residue soil at the bottom in the soil bin with the slurry, closing a front gate of the screw machine, and finishing residue slurry replacement in a backwashing mode;
and (2.3) setting air pressure in the air cushion bin according to the pressure of the soil bin, and starting tunneling the shield in a muddy water mode.
Preferably, in the step (1.3), the pressure in the soil bin is observed for 0.5-1.5 hours, and the pressure in the soil bin is not increased or decreased more than 0.2bar in the observation period, and then the next step is carried out.
Preferably, in the step (1.4.3), when the rear gate of the screw machine is opened and slag discharge is started, inert mortar is injected into the screw machine through an injection interface reserved in the screw machine to relieve slag spraying pressure of the screw machine; and if the slag spraying of the screw machine is serious, the slag in the soil bin is piled continuously according to the step (1.4.2) until the slag in the soil bin is suitable for soil pressure mode tunneling.
Preferably, in the step (1.4.3), after each pipeline is closed, grease is injected into the corresponding pipeline through the slurry inlet pipe, the slurry discharge pipe and the dredging branch opening reserved on the soil bin communicating pipe for filling.
Preferably, in the step (1.1), before the tunneling mileage reaches the position of converting the mud-water mode into the soil pressure mode, the grouting amount and the injection amount of the shield tail grease are increased, and the cement-water glass slurry is injected after the shield tail to make the slurry on the wall densely filled to form a water sealing ring.
Preferably, in the step (2.1), before the tunneling is stopped, bentonite is injected into the soil bin to enhance the flowability of the dregs, and a thin mud film is formed on the tunnel face.
Preferably, in the step (2.2.1), in the deslagging process of the screw conveyor, injecting inert mortar into the screw conveyor through an injection interface reserved in the screw conveyor to relieve the slag spraying pressure of the screw conveyor, and observing the pressure change in the soil bin in real time to ensure that the increase and decrease range of the pressure in the soil bin is not more than 0.2 bar.
Preferably, communicating pipes are arranged between the lower part and the upper part of the soil bin of the slurry/soil pressure double-mode shield and the air cushion bin.
Preferably, in the process of converting the muddy water mode into the soil pressure mode or converting the soil pressure mode into the muddy water mode, the pressure in the soil bin is increased by 0.1-0.3bar compared with the tunneling pressure.
Preferably, when an emergency occurs in the tunneling or mode conversion process, thick slurry is injected into the soil bin to increase the pressure of the soil bin, and a mud film stabilizing tunnel face is formed.
The second aspect of the present invention is:
the invention designs a muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield used in the muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method.
The invention has the main beneficial technical effects that:
1. according to the muddy water/soil pressure double-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method, in the process of converting the muddy water mode into the soil pressure mode, after the bypass slurry pipeline and the communicating pipe are closed, the pressure changes of the soil bin and the air cushion bin are observed, and then whether conversion can be carried out is judged, so that the stable pressure of the soil bin in the conversion process is ensured; in the process of countercurrent slurry discharge, the slurry discharge speed can be controlled by the slurry discharge pump, and the slurry discharge speed is matched with the shield tunneling speed, so that the pressure in the soil bin can be actively maintained to be stable.
2. In the process of converting the soil pressure mode into the muddy water mode, a part of muck is discharged through the screw conveyor, and the screw conveyor is high in slag discharging speed and beneficial to improving the conversion efficiency; and the reserved 1/3 of the residue soil completes residue slurry replacement in a reverse washing mode, so that the phenomenon that the pressure of the soil bin is unstable due to gushing when the screw machine discharges a small amount of residual soil residues can be prevented.
3. When the muddy water mode is converted into the soil pressure mode, after all pipelines are closed, grease is injected into the slurry inlet pipe, the slurry discharge pipe and the soil bin communicating pipe for filling, so that the pipelines can be prevented from being blocked in the process of tunneling in the soil pressure mode, and the next muddy water mode can be ensured to be smoothly tunneled.
4. In the mode conversion process, the inert mortar is injected into the screw machine, so that slag spraying of the screw machine can be prevented, and the pressure fluctuation of the soil bin can be prevented.
5. In the process of converting the soil pressure mode into the muddy water mode, the bentonite is injected into the soil bin to enhance the flowability of the muck, so that the slag discharge of the soil bin is facilitated in the next mode conversion process, the bentonite is injected to form a thin mud film on the face, the stability of the face is maintained, and the water seepage of the face is prevented or reduced.
6. In the slurry/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling method, the pressure in the soil bin is increased by 0.1-0.3bar compared with the tunneling pressure in the mode conversion process, so that the pressure stability of the soil bin is maintained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a slurry/earth pressure dual-mode shield tunneling machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart illustrating conversion of a muddy water mode into an earth pressure mode in an embodiment of the muddy water/earth pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bypass mode mud-water circulation performed in an embodiment of the mud-water/earth pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of muddy water in the earth bunker brought out by a bypass mode muddy water circulation in one embodiment of the muddy water/earth pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a method for converting an earth pressure mode into a muddy water mode in an embodiment of a muddy water/earth pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of slurry injection into an earth bunker in an embodiment of the slurry/earth pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a muddy water circulation in a backwashing mode in an embodiment of the muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a topographic map of a certain engineering example constructed by the muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method of the invention.
In the drawings, each reference numeral means: the system comprises a cutter head 11, a soil bin 12, an air cushion bin 13, a pipeline system 2, a slurry inlet pipe 21, a slurry inlet pump 22, a slurry discharge pump 23, a slurry discharge pipe 24, a valve 25, a valve 26, a bypass slurry pipeline 27, a liquid level detection pipe 28, a backwash pipe 291, a backwash pipe 292, a screw machine 3, a front gate 31, a rear gate 32, an injection interface 33, a river left bank platform 41, river water 42, a river right bank platform 43, a first line section 44, a second line section 45, a third line section 46, a first switching point 47 and a second switching point 48.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention in detail and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way.
Example 1:
a slurry/soil pressure dual-mode shield, please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 3.
The muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with all systems required by two tunneling modes of soil pressure and muddy water, and does not need any dismantling and installing work during mode conversion.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, a cutter head 11 is arranged at the front end of the shield, a soil bin 12 and an air cushion bin 13 are arranged inside the shield, and a pipeline system 2 and a screw machine 3 are further arranged. The pipeline system 2 comprises pipelines used for various working modes, such as a slurry inlet pipe, a slurry discharge pipe, a bypass pipe, a backwash pipe and the like, a slurry inlet pump, a slurry discharge pump and the like, the pipeline system 2 can be used for slurry circulation when in slurry mode tunneling, can also be used for injecting bentonite or a foaming agent when in soil pressure mode tunneling, and the soil bin 12 is used as a slurry bin when in slurry mode tunneling. The screw machine 3 is used for earth pressure mode tunneling, a front gate 31, a rear gate 32 and an injection interface 33 are arranged on the screw machine 3, and the injection interface 33 is used for injecting modified materials such as bentonite and polymers into the screw machine.
In addition, communicating pipes are arranged between the lower part and the upper part of the soil bin 12 and the air cushion bin 13 of the slurry/soil pressure dual-mode shield, and hydraulic gate valves are arranged on the communicating pipes, so that the soil bin 12 and the air cushion bin 13 can be well communicated and isolated. And pressure sensors are arranged in the soil bin 12 and the air cushion bin 13, and a liquid level sensor is also arranged in the air cushion bin 13.
The shield is also provided with supporting equipment for soil pressure mode tunneling such as a slag car marshalling and the like of a bentonite tank, a foam tank, a belt conveyor and the like, and supporting equipment for slurry mode tunneling such as a slurry pool, a slurry-water separation device, a filter pressing device, a centrifugal machine, a relay pump in the tunnel and the like.
Example 2:
a slurry/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method, please refer to fig. 1 to 7.
In the muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method provided by the embodiment of the invention, according to hydrogeological conditions and surrounding environmental factors on a construction route, the advantages and disadvantages of muddy water mode tunneling and soil pressure mode tunneling are balanced, and a proper mode conversion place is selected.
As shown in fig. 2, the muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a conversion process from a muddy water mode to a soil pressure mode, and specifically includes:
and S110, stopping tunneling when the tunneling mileage reaches the position of converting the muddy water mode into the soil pressure mode, and preparing all supporting equipment in the soil pressure mode in place.
In the step, before the driving mileage reaches the position of converting the mud-water mode into the earth pressure mode, the grouting amount into the earth bin and the injection amount of shield tail grease are increased, and the cement-water glass slurry is injected after the shield tail, so that the slurry behind the tunnel face wall and on the inner side of the tunnel wall where the shield body is located is filled compactly to form a water sealing ring. The water sealing ring is beneficial to stabilizing soil bodies on the tunnel face and the tunnel wall face and preventing or reducing water yield.
The preparation of each corollary equipment includes: bentonite prepared according to the indexes is added into the bentonite tank for standby, and the system operates normally; the foam is adjusted in the foam tank, and the system operates normally; the belt conveyor is debugged and normally operated; preparing a slag car in place; the pipelines of the foam and the bentonite are dredged in advance, and particularly the pipelines to the soil bin and the cutter head are guaranteed to be normally used.
And step S120, cleaning the soil bin, the air cushion bin and the bypass slurry pipeline.
In the step, the low specific gravity slurry is used for cleaning the residue soil in the soil bin, the residue soil in the soil bin is discharged as far as possible, and residue soil precipitation in the slurry discharge pipe is guaranteed not to occur. Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, low-specific gravity slurry is pumped into the soil bin 12 along the slurry inlet pipe 21 by the slurry inlet pump 22 (P1.1), and the slurry in the soil bin 12 is discharged along the slurry discharge pipe 24 by the slurry discharge pump 23 (P2.1), and the ball valves F11, F30, F32, F38 and the valve 25 on the corresponding pipelines are opened during slurry inlet and slurry discharge.
After the cleaning of the dregs in the soil bin 12 is finished, the air cushion bin 13 is cleaned through the internal circulation of the air cushion bin 13. This process, as shown in connection with fig. 3, opens the ball valve F30, F3 or F4, opens the ball valve F38, F25 and the valve 26, and closes the remaining valves, pumps the low specific gravity slurry into the air cushion compartment 13 by the slurry pump 22, and discharges the slurry in the air cushion compartment 13 by the slurry pump 23.
After the air cushion chamber 13 is cleaned, the slurry circulation is switched to a bypass mode to clean the bypass slurry pipeline 27 and part of the slurry inlet pipe and the slurry outlet pipe in the tunnel, and the bypass mode is that the slurry flows along the route indicated by the arrow in fig. 3. When no residue soil is discharged from a sieve plate of a secondary cyclone in mud-water separation equipment matched with the shield tunneling machine, the residue soil in the slurry pipeline is considered to be completely discharged, the cleaning operation in the bypass mode can be stopped, and the circulation system in the bypass mode is closed. The purpose of cleaning the pipeline is to ensure that no dregs are precipitated in the prize-feeding pipe and the slurry discharging pipe when the muddy water mode is not used for tunneling for a long time, and prepare for the next muddy water mode tunneling.
And S130, closing the cleaned bypass slurry pipeline and a communicating pipe between the soil bin and the air cushion bin, observing pressure changes of the soil bin and the air cushion bin, and if the pressure in the soil bin is relatively stable within a period of time, performing the next step.
In this step, referring to fig. 3, closing the hydraulic gate valves V67 and V68 on the communicating pipe in the air cushion bin 13 to ensure that the air cushion bin 13 and the soil bin 12 are completely isolated, closing the pressure maintaining system of the air cushion bin 13, observing the pressure change of the soil bin 12 and the air cushion bin 13 for 1 hour, and if the pressure in the soil bin 12 is maintained within the range of P ± 0.2bar, performing the next soil bin mucking operation, where the pressure P is the pressure in the soil bin 12 in the muddy water mode.
The pressure changes of the soil bin 12 and the air cushion bin 13 are observed for observing whether the geological condition of the position where the mode conversion is located is stable or not, and therefore the upper rock-soil settlement caused by the pressure instability of the soil bin 12 in the conversion process is prevented. If the pressure in the soil bin 12 changes greatly in the observation period, the mode switching position needs to be changed or the pressure in the soil bin needs to be increased to stabilize the soil quality above the shield.
Step S140, carrying out soil bin stacking:
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and step S141, opening a bypass slurry pipeline and opening a front gate of the screw machine.
The step is a preparation step before slag stacking, and is combined with the step shown in figure 3, ball valves F30, F39 and F38 are opened, and a bypass mode muddy water circulation indicated by arrows in figure 3 is started. The rear gate 32 of the screw machine 3 is checked for sealing, and after it is determined that the sealing is good, the front gate 31 of the screw machine 3 is opened.
S142, slowly advancing the shield, and continuously accumulating muck in the soil bin; meanwhile, a slurry inlet pipe communicated with the upper part of the soil bin is opened, slurry in the soil bin is taken out through a bypass slurry pipeline, and the pressure of the soil bin is observed, so that the shield tunneling speed is matched with the slurry discharging speed, and the pressure of the soil bin is stabilized.
In the step, the shield is slowly pushed at the rotating speed of 0.9-1.0 rpm/min, the pushing speed is not more than 15mm/min, and the front end of the screw shaft of the screw machine 3 extends into the soil bin 12 to carry out soil bin slag piling.
In the process of continuously accumulating the dregs, in order to avoid the pressure rise of the soil bin 12, the original slurry in the soil bin 12 needs to be discharged, so the valve 25 and the ball valve F11 are opened, the slurry inlet pipe 21 is used as a slurry discharge pipe to discharge the soil bin, and the slurry in the soil bin 12 is taken out by using the pre-opened bypass mode circulation, wherein the circulation mode of the process is shown in the detailed schematic diagram of the slurry inlet pipe as the slurry discharge pipe in fig. 4, and the arrow route in the diagram is the slurry discharge route.
In the process of stacking the slag in the soil bin, the pressure of the soil bin 12 is observed in real time, so that the shield tunneling speed is matched with the slurry discharge speed, and the pressure of the soil bin is stabilized.
In this step, slurry is discharged from the top of the soil silo 12 while the soil silo is filled with excavated soil and slag by means of a reverse flow slurry discharge, which is advantageous for maintaining the pressure in the soil silo 12 stable. And moreover, the mud in the soil bin 12 can be discharged as completely as possible, and unstable pressure caused by insufficient soil residues in the soil bin in the subsequent soil pressure mode tunneling process is prevented. The slurry discharge speed can be controlled through the slurry discharge pump, and the slurry discharge speed can be matched with the shield tunneling speed, so that the pressure in the soil bin can be actively maintained to be stable.
And S143, detecting whether the mud in the soil bin is discharged completely, if so, closing the mud inlet pipe and the bypass mud pipeline, opening a rear gate of the screw machine, operating the screw machine and the belt conveyor, and starting tunneling by the shield according to a soil pressure mode.
Referring to fig. 4, in this step, as the shield is slowly advanced, the muck in the soil bin 12 is accumulated higher and higher, when it is estimated that the amount of the muck already accumulated has reached the height of the slurry inlet pipe 21, the upper liquid level detection pipe 28 is opened, if no slurry flows out, the soil bin 12 is basically filled with muck, the advance is stopped, the ball valve F11 is closed, the circulation system in fig. 4 is stopped, and soil pressure mode excavation can be prepared.
In addition, in the step, after each pipeline in the circulation system is closed, grease is injected into the corresponding pipeline through the slurry inlet pipe, the slurry outlet pipe and the dredging branch openings reserved on the soil bin communicating pipe for filling, so that the probability of blockage of each pipeline in the soil pressure mode is reduced.
When the rear gate 32 of the screw machine 3 is opened to start slag discharge during tunneling according to the earth pressure mode, the discharged slag soil state may be in a flow plastic state due to the completion of rigid mode replacement, and a transient gushing phenomenon can occur, so that inert mortar can be injected into the screw machine 3 through the injection interface 33 reserved in the screw machine 3 to relieve the slag spraying pressure of the screw machine 3; and if the slag spraying of the screw machine 3 is still serious, the slag piling of the soil bin is continued according to the step S142 until the slag soil in the soil bin 12 is not sprayed from the spiral ribs 3 any more and is suitable for soil pressure mode tunneling.
And (3) operating the matched belt conveyor, slowly discharging slag and propelling according to the soil pressure mode, and normally propelling after stable operation.
As shown in fig. 5, the muddy water/earth pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method provided by the embodiment of the present invention further includes a conversion process for converting an earth pressure mode into a muddy water mode, which specifically includes:
and S210, stopping tunneling when the tunneling mileage reaches the position of converting the soil pressure mode into the muddy water mode, and preparing all supporting equipment in the muddy water mode in place.
The preparation work includes: preparing slurry, wherein slurry required by meeting the slurry water mode tunneling index is ensured in a slurry tank and can be put into use; preparing equipment, wherein supporting facilities such as mud-water separation equipment, filter pressing equipment, a centrifugal machine, a relay pump in the tunnel and the like required by mud-water mode tunneling all reach good conditions, and a slurry pipeline in the tunnel is well connected and unblocked; a slurry inlet pipe and a slurry outlet pipe which are communicated with the soil bin 12 and a communicating pipe between the soil bin and the air cushion bin are dredged through positive and negative circulation of slurry; the liquid level sensor in the air cushion bin 13 is checked, and water is added into the air cushion bin 13 to check the accuracy of the liquid level sensor.
In the step, before the shield stops tunneling, bentonite is injected into the soil bin 12 to enhance the fluidity of the slag soil, so that slag discharge of the soil bin is facilitated in the next mode conversion process, and the bentonite is injected to form a thin mud film on the tunnel face, so that the tunnel face is maintained to be stable, and water seepage of the tunnel face is prevented or reduced.
Step S220, discharging the residue soil of the soil bin:
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and S221, starting the screw machine, opening a rear gate of the screw machine, slowly discharging soil, and adding slurry into the soil bin through the slurry inlet pipe in the process of descending the residue soil of the soil bin to ensure the stable pressure of the soil bin.
In this step, inert mortar may be injected through the injection interface 33 of the screw to prevent gushing during unearthing of the screw's rear gate 32. In the deslagging process, special attention needs to be paid to observing the pressure change of the soil bin 12, so that the pressure of the soil bin is kept at P +/-0.2 bar, and the stability of the pressure of the bin is ensured by adjusting the amount of mud added into the soil bin through the mud inlet pipe. The pressure P here is the pressure in the soil silo 12 in the soil pressure mode.
Referring to fig. 6, the ball valves F30 and F11 and the valve 25 are opened, the ball valves F39 and F38 are opened, the slurry inlet pipe 21 and the bypass slurry pipeline 27 are opened, a slurry circulation system is formed according to the lines indicated by arrows in fig. 6, and the amount of slurry injected into the soil bin 12 is adjusted by controlling the pumping amounts of the slurry inlet pump P1.1 and the slurry discharge pump P2.1.
And S222, when the residual amount of the residue soil in the soil bin is about 1/3 of the estimated amount, stopping the rotation of the screw machine, closing a rear gate of the screw machine, rotating the cutter head to fully mix the residue soil at the bottom in the soil bin with the slurry, closing a front gate of the screw machine, and finishing residue slurry replacement in a backwashing mode.
In this step, the amount of the residual soil in the soil bin is determined based on the torque and the amount of the discharged slag of the cutter head 11, and the sealing condition of the rear gate 32 is checked after the rear gate 32 of the screw machine is closed, thereby preventing the slurry leakage of the rear gate 32.
Referring to fig. 7, a back washing pipe 291 and a back washing pipe 292 are communicated between the pulp inlet pipe 21 and the pulp outlet pipe 24; opening ball valves F31 and F32, closing ball valves F30 and F38, and feeding slurry into the soil bin 12 from the slurry discharge pipe 24 by a slurry feeding pump P1.1; and opening the valve 25, the ball valves F11 and F37, and discharging the slurry from the slurry inlet pipe 21 by the slurry discharge pump P2.1 to realize backwashing in the soil bin 12.
If the soil slag in the soil bin 12 is directly and completely discharged, the spiral machine can generate a gushing phenomenon, so that the pressure of the soil bin can be unstable, the pressure in the soil bin 12 can be ensured to be stable by reserving a part of soil slag, the remained soil slag is discharged in a reverse washing circulation mode, and the soil slag in the soil bin can be completely emptied.
And step S230, setting air pressure in the air cushion bin according to the pressure of the soil bin, and starting tunneling of the shield in a muddy water mode.
In the step, the muddy water pressure in the soil bin is controlled by controlling the air pressure of the air cushion bin, the pressure in the muddy water bin is kept stable, and the shield is slowly propelled until the shield is propelled in a normal state.
Further, in other embodiments, in the process of converting the muddy water mode into the soil pressure mode, the pressure in the soil bin is increased by 0.1-0.3bar compared with the tunneling pressure in the muddy water mode; and in the process of converting the soil pressure mode into the muddy water mode, the pressure in the soil bin is increased by 0.1-0.3bar compared with the tunneling pressure in the soil pressure mode. When an emergency occurs in the tunneling or mode conversion process, thick slurry can be quickly injected into the soil cabin to increase the pressure of the soil cabin, and a mud film stable tunnel face is formed. The measures are beneficial to ensuring the pressure in the soil bin to be stable.
Engineering example:
referring to fig. 8, a subway tunnel passing through a river in a certain city is constructed by a shield, and a tunnel line from a left bank platform 41 to a right bank platform 43 needs to pass through the bottom of a river bed where river water 42 is located. Through field analysis and geological measurement, a plurality of old buildings are arranged above the first line section 44 and the third line section 46, rock and soil sedimentation above the old buildings needs to be accurately controlled, the safety of the buildings is prevented from being influenced, and the muddy water balance mode has the advantage; the second line section 45 is a stage of passing through the riverbed, the bottom of the riverbed is a full-section mudstone stratum, the mudstone is relatively stable, the efficiency is low by adopting a mud-water balance mode, and the efficiency and the energy consumption are low by adopting a soil pressure balance mode.
Therefore, considering the combination, the first line segment 44 and the third line segment 46 are tunneled in the muddy water mode, and the second line segment 45 is tunneled in the earth pressure mode. Thus, the muddy water mode needs to be converted into the muddy water mode at the first conversion point 47 between the first line segment 44 and the second line segment 45, and the muddy water mode needs to be converted into the muddy water mode at the second conversion point 48 between the second line segment 45 and the third line segment 46. In addition, there is the crack in the mudstone that whole tunnel line was located, has the gushing risk, needs emergent conversion to the mud water balance mode in crack department, guarantees safety.
Each conversion point needs to be located in a full-section mudstone stratum, the earth covering on the top mudstone is not less than 3m, and the mudstone is relatively stable, so that the stability of the pressure of a soil bin in the conversion process is guaranteed; and no important building is arranged on the ground surface above the conversion point, so that the risk of the ground building caused by mode conversion is prevented.
In the project, the muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method in the embodiment 1 of the invention is adopted, the tunneling tasks of the first line section 44 and the second line section 45 are smoothly completed, and the effects are as follows:
(1) the accumulated settlement of old building groups on the earth surface above the first line section 44 adopting a muddy water mode is maximum-6 mm, and the buildings are safe and controllable; (2) the single-ring tunneling time of the second line section in the earth pressure mode is 25-40min, the maximum single-day forward speed is 25.5m, and the efficiency is high; (3) the double-mode shield has completed tunneling mode conversion for 13 times, each conversion time is 2-4 hours, the ground surface of a conversion area is monitored in a reinforced mode, and monitoring data are normal, which indicates that the double-mode shield can realize safe and efficient conversion;
therefore, the construction is carried out by adopting the double-mode shield according to the muddy water/soil pressure double-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method in the project, the adaptability is good, and the tunneling requirements of complex and changeable stratums and complex areas of surrounding environments are effectively met through reasonable tunneling mode selection.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings and the embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various specific parameters in the above embodiments can be changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and a plurality of specific embodiments are formed, which are common variation ranges of the present invention, and will not be described in detail herein.
Claims (10)
1. A muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the mud water mode is converted into the soil pressure mode:
(1.1) stopping tunneling when the tunneling mileage reaches the position of converting the muddy water mode into the soil pressure mode, and preparing all matched equipment in the soil pressure mode in place;
(1.2) cleaning the soil bin, the air cushion bin and the bypass slurry pipeline;
(1.3) closing the cleaned bypass slurry pipeline and a communicating pipe between the soil bin and the air cushion bin, observing the pressure changes of the soil bin and the air cushion bin, and if the pressure in the soil bin is relatively stable within a period of time, carrying out the next step;
(1.4) carrying out soil bin stacking:
(1.4.1) opening a bypass slurry pipeline and opening a front gate of the screw machine;
(1.4.2) slowly advancing the shield, and continuously accumulating the muck in the soil bin; meanwhile, a slurry inlet pipe communicated with the upper part of the soil bin is opened, slurry in the soil bin is taken out through a bypass slurry pipeline, and the pressure of the soil bin is observed, so that the shield tunneling speed is matched with the slurry discharge speed, and the pressure of the soil bin is stabilized;
(1.4.3) detecting whether the mud in the soil bin is discharged completely, if so, closing the mud inlet pipe and the bypass mud pipeline, opening a rear gate of the screw machine, operating the screw machine and the belt conveyor, and starting tunneling the shield according to a soil pressure mode;
or converting the soil pressure mode into a mud water mode:
(2.1) stopping tunneling when the tunneling mileage reaches the position where the soil pressure mode is converted into the muddy water mode, and preparing all supporting equipment in the muddy water mode in place;
(2.2) discharging the residue soil of the soil bin:
(2.2.1) starting the screw machine, opening a rear gate of the screw machine, slowly discharging soil, and adding slurry into the soil bin through a slurry inlet pipe in the process of descending the residue soil of the soil bin to ensure the stable pressure of the soil bin;
(2.2.2) when the residual amount of the residue soil in the soil bin is about 1/3 of the estimated amount, stopping the rotation of the screw machine, closing a rear gate of the screw machine, rotating the cutter head to fully mix the residue soil at the bottom in the soil bin with the slurry, closing a front gate of the screw machine, and finishing residue slurry replacement in a backwashing mode;
and (2.3) setting air pressure in the air cushion bin according to the pressure of the soil bin, and starting tunneling the shield in a muddy water mode.
2. The muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1.3), the pressure in the soil bin is observed for 0.5-1.5 hours, and in the observation period, the increase and decrease of the pressure in the soil bin are not more than 0.2bar, and then the next step is carried out.
3. The mud-water/earth pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1.4.3), when a rear gate of the screw machine is opened to start slag discharge, inert mortar is injected into the screw machine through an injection interface reserved in the screw machine to relieve slag spraying pressure of the screw machine; and if the slag spraying of the screw machine is serious, the slag in the soil bin is piled continuously according to the step (1.4.2) until the slag in the soil bin is suitable for soil pressure mode tunneling.
4. The mud water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1.4.3), after each pipeline is closed, grease is injected into the corresponding pipeline through a dredging branch opening reserved on the slurry inlet pipe, the slurry discharge pipe and the soil bin communicating pipe for filling.
5. The mud-water/soil-pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1.1), before the tunneling mileage reaches the mud-water mode conversion soil-pressure mode position, the grouting amount and the shield tail grease injection amount are increased, and the cement-water glass slurry is refilled after the shield tail, so that the slurry behind the wall is densely filled to form a water-sealing ring.
6. The mud-water/soil-pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2.1), before tunneling is stopped, bentonite is injected into the soil bin to enhance the flowability of the muck, and a thin mud film is formed on the tunnel face.
7. The muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step (2.2.1), in the deslagging process of the screw machine, inert mortar is injected into the screw machine through an injection port reserved in the screw machine to relieve the slag spraying pressure of the screw machine, and the pressure change in the soil bin is observed in real time, so that the increase and decrease of the pressure in the soil bin is ensured to be not more than 0.2 bar.
8. The muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method as claimed in claim 1, wherein communicating pipes are arranged between the lower portion and the upper portion of the soil cabin of the muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield and the air cushion cabin.
9. The muddy water/soil pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process of converting the muddy water mode into the soil pressure mode or converting the soil pressure mode into the muddy water mode, the pressure in the soil bin is increased by 0.1-0.3bar compared with the tunneling pressure; when an emergency occurs in the tunneling or mode conversion process, thick slurry is injected into the soil bin to improve the pressure of the soil bin and form a mud film stable tunnel face.
10. A muddy water/earth pressure dual-mode shield used in the muddy water/earth pressure dual-mode shield tunneling mode conversion method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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