CN111211408B - Modular microstrip paster MIMO antenna - Google Patents
Modular microstrip paster MIMO antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111211408B CN111211408B CN201811399044.0A CN201811399044A CN111211408B CN 111211408 B CN111211408 B CN 111211408B CN 201811399044 A CN201811399044 A CN 201811399044A CN 111211408 B CN111211408 B CN 111211408B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a modular microstrip patch MIMO antenna. The MIMO antenna comprises a microstrip antenna with the preset number of antennas, and the microstrip antenna comprises a pair of microstrip patches which are positioned on the same side and are separated by an insulating separation band.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a modular microstrip patch MIMO antenna.
Background
The popularization of the 4G network technology brings convenience to people's life, and with the deep research on the fifth generation mobile communication technology, the wireless communication is more rapid, stable and reliable. The Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology can obtain significant diversity gain, effectively increase channel capacity and communication reliability.
The patch vibrator in the current micro-strip patch large-scale MIMO antenna which is already engineered is a closed rectangular resonant cavity patch vibrator, although dozens to hundreds or even more patch vibrators can be integrated on a smaller antenna array surface, the volume and the weight of the large-scale MIMO antenna can be effectively reduced or reduced. In addition, except that the array elements adopted by the large-scale MIMO antenna developed and applied at present are planar cavity type rectangular closed microstrip antennas, all the array elements are uniformly installed on the array back plate according to the traditional MIMO antenna architecture mode to form an integral array structure, and the integral array structure can only indirectly adopt a related coding mode for a transmission signal to achieve three functions of the large-scale MIMO antenna such as beam forming, space diversity and space multiplexing in logic.
The array formed by the rectangular patches with large space occupation area is generally only suitable for a two-dimensional plane array, the inherent capacitive reactance between the cavity patches can cause small radiation virtual power loss, and the effect of a directional diagram generated by electromagnetic wave leakage at the edges of the patches is poor, so that the radiation performance of the MIMO antenna is greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a modularized microstrip patch MIMO antenna, which is used for solving the problem that radiation performance of the MIMO antenna is greatly influenced because the effect of a directional pattern generated by electromagnetic wave leakage at the edge of a patch in the prior art is poor.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a modular microstrip patch MIMO antenna, including:
the microstrip antenna comprises a pair of microstrip patches which are positioned on the same side and are separated by an insulating separation band.
According to the modular microstrip patch MIMO antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention, the microstrip antenna integrated on the MIMO antenna is designed to be open, so that the microstrip antenna comprises a pair of microstrip patches positioned on the same side, the radiation virtual power loss of the microstrip antenna is removed, and the radiation performance of the MIMO antenna is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a MIMO antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna pattern calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another MIMO antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an array submodule structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another radiation module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a MIMO antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a microstrip antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, where as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the MIMO antenna includes a microstrip antenna 13 with a predetermined number of antennas, and the microstrip antenna 13 includes a pair of microstrip patches 15 located on the same side and separated by an insulating separation strip 17.
A large number of microstrip antennas 13, which may be tens, hundreds or even more in particular, are integrated on the antenna chassis 10 of the MIMO antenna, and each microstrip antenna 13 comprises a pair of microstrip patches 15 located on the same side of said microstrip antenna 13 and separated by an insulating dividing strip 17.
The traditional microstrip antenna adopts a mode of closed cavity type patches, a pair of patches are respectively arranged on the front side and the rear side of the microstrip antenna, but the inherent capacitive reactance of the closed cavity type patches can cause small radiation virtual power loss, so that the radiation performance of the whole MIMO antenna is influenced. As shown in fig. 2, the embodiment of the present invention adopts an open design, and two microstrip patches 15 are disposed on the same side of the microstrip antenna 13 and separated by only an insulating separation strip 17, so that the radiation virtual power loss can be effectively removed, and the radiation performance similar to that of a symmetric linear antenna can be realized.
In the embodiment of the invention, the microstrip antenna 13 integrated on the MIMO antenna is designed to be open, so that the microstrip antenna 13 comprises a pair of microstrip patches 15 positioned on the same side, thereby removing the radiation virtual power loss of the microstrip antenna 13, and improving the radiation performance of the MIMO antenna.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure for calculating a directional diagram of a microstrip antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, further, the microstrip patch is an isosceles triangle, and accordingly, the microstrip antenna 13 includes a pair of microstrip patches 15 located on the same side and separated by an insulating separation strip 17, specifically:
the microstrip antenna 13 comprises a pair of isosceles triangle microstrip patches 15 which are positioned on the same side and separated by an insulating dividing strip 17, and the bottom edges of the two microstrip patches 15 are positioned on two sides of the insulating dividing strip 17 in parallel.
The shapes of the two microstrip patches 15 in the microstrip antenna 13 can be designed according to requirements. In order to reduce the area occupied by the microstrip patches as much as possible without affecting the radiation performance of the microstrip antenna and further improve the integration level of the whole MIMO antenna, the invention adopts an isosceles triangle as shown in fig. 2, the length of the bottom edge of the isosceles triangle is 2a, and the height of the bottom edge of the isosceles triangle is b, wherein the bottom edges of the two microstrip patches 15 are respectively located at two sides of the insulating dividing strip 17, so that the whole microstrip antenna 13 forms a prismatic open-type microstrip antenna 13. The size of the isosceles triangle may be set according to actual requirements such as the carrier wavelength λ, but is not particularly limited thereto, and for example, b ═ λ/8, 2a ═ λ/4, and the pitch between adjacent microstrip antennas may be Dx ═ Dz ═ λ/2.
As shown in fig. 3, the directional diagram function of the prismatic open microstrip antenna is calculated, and the observation point P (R, θ, Φ) is far from the open type prismatic patch microstrip antenna and is away from the elementary current Idxdz at the point Q (x, z) on the microstrip patch by R. If the XYZ coordinate system is used as a reference and the open type prismatic patch microstrip antenna is placed in the plane of the coordinate system X0Z, the distance from the observation point P to the coordinate origin 0 is r, the downward inclination angle is theta, and the azimuth angle is phi. A single directional diagram function, a directional diagram function of a one-dimensional parallel array, a directional diagram function of a one-dimensional coaxial array, a directional diagram function of a two-dimensional array and a directional diagram function of a three-dimensional array of the microstrip antenna are respectively obtained, and after the directional diagram functions are compared with a symmetrical linear antenna and the one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional arrays, almost the same directional diagram can be obtained.
Therefore, the prismatic open type microstrip antenna array has the advantages that three main points are provided, firstly, the prismatic microstrip patch is used as the array radiation oscillator, so that the integration is convenient, the antenna framework can be made to be more compact, the volume is smaller, the weight is lighter, the batch forming is easier, the metal material and the cost of the antenna oscillator can be saved, and the high-frequency skin effect is more suitable for the patch radiation oscillator; the open structure inherits the advantages of the symmetrical linear antenna, is an open pure impedance radiation mode and has higher radiation power and radiation efficiency; and thirdly, the array built by the open type prismatic patch array elements is used, compared with the traditional rectangular patch array element array, for the three-dimensional array, because the area of the patches is reduced by half, the influence of the front patch array element metal on the electromagnetic radiation of the back patch array element is obviously reduced, thereby greatly improving the radiation power and the radiation efficiency of the array, and the performance of the array is obviously superior to that of the traditional rectangular patch array element array.
In the embodiment of the invention, the micro-strip antenna 13 integrated on the MIMO antenna is designed into the prismatic open micro-strip antenna, and the micro-strip antenna comprises a pair of isosceles triangle micro-strip patches 15 positioned on the same side, so that the radiation virtual power loss of the micro-strip antenna 13 is removed, the occupied area of the micro-strip patches is reduced, the integration level of the MIMO antenna is increased, and the radiation performance of the MIMO antenna is improved.
Based on the above embodiment, further, the microstrip antenna 13 further includes a control unit connected to the feeder interface 16 of the microstrip patch 15, where the control unit is located on the other side opposite to the microstrip antenna and the microstrip patch, and is configured to control the working performance of each microstrip patch 15.
Because the two microstrip patches 15 are arranged on the same side of the microstrip antenna 13, the other side of the microstrip antenna 13 can be integrated with the control unit of each microstrip antenna 13, and the control unit is respectively connected with the microstrip patches 15 at the feeder line interface 16 of the microstrip patches 15 and is used for controlling the working performance of radio frequency parameters and the like when each microstrip patch 15 receives and transmits data. The control unit may include a control chip, an amplifying circuit, a data interface, etc. according to actual requirements, so that the microstrip antenna 13 becomes an independent active antenna, thereby reducing the design difficulty of the whole MIMO antenna integrated control circuit and improving the performance of the MIMO antenna.
Further, the feeder interface 16 is located in the middle of the bottom edge of the microstrip patch 15, and is configured to be connected to the control unit.
As shown in fig. 2, the feeder interface 16 is located in the middle of the bottom edge of each microstrip patch 15 and is connected to the control unit, so that the signal current of the control unit received from the feeder interface is diffused to the corresponding microstrip patch 15 according to the diffusion principle.
In the embodiment of the invention, the prismatic open type microstrip antenna 13 is integrated on the MIMO antenna, and the control unit is integrated on the microstrip antenna 13 to control the working performance of each microstrip antenna 13, so that the radiation performance of the MIMO antenna is improved.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another MIMO antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an array sub-module according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, all microstrip antennas 13 respectively constitute radiation modules 11 with a preset number of modules, each radiation module 11 at least includes one array sub-module 12, and each array sub-module 12 includes a two-dimensional antenna array composed of microstrip antennas 13 with a preset number of array elements.
In order to better perform the three functions of massive MIMO antenna beamforming, spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing, the whole MIMO antenna is divided into a predetermined number of radiation modules 11, for example, as shown in fig. 4, the MIMO antenna is divided into 4 × 4 — 16 radiation modules 11, and all the radiation modules 11 are integrated on an antenna substrate 10 of the MIMO antenna. Each radiation module 11 at least includes an array sub-module 12, as shown in fig. 5, each array sub-module 12 is composed of microstrip antennas 13 with a preset array element number, so that each array sub-module 12 forms a two-dimensional antenna array. The number of modules and the number of array elements may be set according to actual needs, and are not limited specifically herein.
By dividing the MIMO antenna into a plurality of radiation modules 11, each radiation module 11 is used as an independent beam forming unit, and each radiation module 11 only transmits one signal in the same time period, thereby reducing the technical difficulty of forming a formed beam. Meanwhile, through the plurality of radiation modules 11, each radiation module 11 can communicate with a corresponding terminal to realize spatial multiplexing, and the plurality of radiation modules 11 can communicate with a terminal to realize spatial diversity, so that the difficulty of the signal coding technology of the spatial multiplexing and the spatial diversity is reduced. For example, the MIMO antenna includes radiation modules 1 to 16, and needs to communicate with the terminals 1 to 4 at present, at this time, the MIMO antenna can indicate the radiation module 1 to communicate with the terminal 1, the radiation module 13 to communicate with the terminal 2, the radiation module 16 to communicate with the terminal 3, and the radiation module 6 to communicate with the terminal 4 according to the current scene requirements and the position relationship between the MIMO antenna and each terminal; of course, the MIMO antenna may also instruct two radiation modules to communicate with one terminal at the same time according to the needs of the application scenario, instruct the radiation modules 1 and 3 to communicate with the terminal 1, instruct the radiation modules 5 and 13 to communicate with the terminal 2, communicate the radiation modules 10 and 16 with the terminal 3, and communicate the radiation modules 6 and 7 with the terminal 4. The modularized method for separately processing the control technology can greatly reduce the technical difficulty of large-scale MIMO antenna.
In the actual integration process, for convenience, the control units of a plurality of microstrip antennas 13 may be integrated together to form a larger array control unit 18, and the array control unit 18 may be used to integrally control the beamforming of the array sub-module 12.
Further, the array sub-module 12 further includes a sub-module interface 141, and the sub-module interface 141 is connected to each microstrip antenna 13.
As shown in fig. 5, each array sub-module 12 further includes a sub-module interface 141, where the sub-module interface 141 is connected to each microstrip antenna 13 on the array sub-module 12, and is used for information interaction between an external device and each microstrip antenna 13. In particular, the submodule interface 141 may be connected to the array control unit 18 of the array submodule 12.
In the embodiment of the invention, the radiation modules 11 with the preset module number are integrated on the MIMO antenna, the radiation modules 11 comprise at least one array sub-module 12, each array sub-module 12 consists of the microstrip antenna 13 with the preset array element number, wherein each microstrip antenna 13 is designed into a prismatic open type microstrip antenna and comprises a pair of isosceles triangle microstrip patches 15 positioned on the same side, so that the virtual power loss of the microstrip antenna 13 is eliminated, the technical difficulty of the large-scale MIMO antenna is greatly reduced, and the radiation performance of the MIMO antenna is improved.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 6, each radiation module 11 includes at least one array sub-module 12, specifically:
the radiation module 11 at least includes two array sub-modules 12 stacked in parallel, so that all microstrip antennas in each radiation module 11 form a three-dimensional antenna array.
By designing the microstrip antenna 13 as a prismatic open type microstrip antenna as shown in fig. 2, the occupied area of the microstrip patch on each microstrip antenna 13 is greatly reduced, the microstrip antenna is miniaturized, and the integration of the MIMO antenna is improved. This enables the microstrip antenna 13 to be combined into a two-dimensional antenna array, or even a three-dimensional antenna array. As shown in fig. 6, the radiation module 11 may stack at least two array sub-modules 12 in parallel, so that all microstrip antennas 13 in the radiation module 11 are combined into a three-dimensional antenna array. In a specific superposition mode, a support fixing hole is formed in four corners of each array sub-module 12, and then the plurality of array sub-modules 12 are superposed together by using a special support with the length of d, so that a three-dimensional antenna array is formed, and a better directional beam forming effect is obtained. The number of array sub-modules 12 in each radiation module 11 can be flexibly configured according to the service requirements of the application scenario.
Further, the radiation module 11 further includes a control interface 14, and the control interface 14 is connected to the sub-module interface 141 of each array sub-module.
Each radiation module 11 is further integrated with a control interface 14, and by connecting the control interface 14 with the sub-module interface 141 of each array sub-module 12 configured to the radiation module 11, the control module 14 and the sub-module interface 141 may be standard interfaces, so that the number of the array sub-modules 12 in the radiation module 11 can be randomly and flexibly adjusted. In the actual using process, each array sub-module 12 further integrates a radiation phase difference hysteresis selection switch, which is used for selecting the radiation phase difference according to the actual situation when each array sub-module 12 is connected to the radiation module 11, so that the process of combining and adjusting the radiation module 11 according to the actual needs is very simple and convenient.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the radiation modules 11 with the preset number of modules are integrated on the MIMO antenna, the radiation modules 11 are configured with the plurality of array sub-modules 12 according to actual needs, so that the microstrip antenna in each radiation module 11 forms the three-dimensional antenna array, the technical difficulty of the large-scale MIMO antenna is greatly reduced, the radiation performance of the MIMO antenna is further improved, the large-scale MIMO antenna can be flexibly adjusted and conveniently upgraded and expanded according to the change needs of an application scene, the height and width sizes corresponding to the array sub-modules 12 with different wavelengths, different array element numbers, different shaped beam widths and different radiation intensities are completely the same, and the standard is formed, so that the purpose that the radiation modules 11 with different performances can share the antenna base is achieved.
Based on the above embodiment, further, the MIMO antenna further includes a control module, and the control module is connected to the control interface of each radiation module.
The back of the antenna bottom plate of the MIMO antenna is also integrated with a control module, the control module is connected with a control interface of each radiation module and is used for sending control information to each radiation module, so that the information interaction terminal of each radiation module is controlled according to actual needs, the space multiplexing and space diversity of the MIMO antenna are controlled, and beam forming is realized by each radiation module according to the received information of the terminal independently.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the radiation modules with the preset module number and the control modules are integrated on the MIMO antenna, so that the control modules realize the spatial multiplexing and the spatial diversity of the MIMO antenna for each radiation module, and each radiation module independently carries out beam forming, thereby improving the radiation performance of the MIMO antenna.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another radiation module according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 7, the radiation module 11 is surrounded by a shielding cover 20.
Since each radiation module 11 is an independent signal radiation source, in order to reduce the mutual interference between the radiation modules 11, in a large-scale MIMO antenna, each radiation module 11 needs to be placed in a shielding case 20 which is slightly larger than the radiation module 11 and has shielding layers on the bottom and four sides, so that the mutual interference between adjacent radiation modules 11 can be effectively reduced, and thus the space between adjacent radiation modules 11 can be properly reduced in design, and the whole MIMO antenna is smaller. For example, according to the communication theory, the spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing require that the larger the spacing between adjacent radiation modules is, the better, or the smaller the correlation between adjacent radiation modules is, the better, and in theory, 8 λ -10 λ is generally selected as the standard spacing. Because each radiation module is additionally provided with the shielding case, the mutual interference among side lobes at the bottom of a shaped beam can be greatly reduced, and the distance between adjacent radiation modules can be shortened to 4 lambda or less in application. If the width W1 of each radiation module is 4 × Dx ═ 2 λ, the height H1 is 4 × Dz ═ 2 λ, and the thickness D1 is λ/2, when the distance between the radiation modules is 4 λ, the distances between the edges of adjacent radiation modules are W2 ═ 2 λ, H2 ═ 2 λ, the distance between the adjacent array sub-modules is D2 ═ λ/2, and the width W of the MIMO antenna is 4(W1+ W2) ═ 16 λ, the height H ═ 16 λ, and the thickness D ═ λ. If the radiation frequency is 6GHz, the wavelength λ is 5cm, and the size of the modular massive MIMO antenna of the 4 × 4 radiation module is about 80cm × 80cm × 5 cm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the radiation modules with the preset module number are integrated on the MIMO antenna, and each radiation module 11 is arranged in the respective shielding case 20, so that the mutual interference between the adjacent radiation modules 11 is reduced, the radiation performance of the MIMO antenna can be improved, and the whole MIMO antenna can be made smaller.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A modular microstrip patch MIMO antenna, comprising:
the microstrip antenna comprises a pair of microstrip patches which are positioned on the same side and are separated by an insulating separation band;
the microstrip patch is an isosceles triangle, and correspondingly, the microstrip antenna comprises a pair of microstrip patches which are positioned on the same side and separated by an insulation separation band, and the microstrip patch specifically comprises:
the microstrip antenna comprises a pair of isosceles triangle microstrip patches which are positioned on the same side and separated by an insulating separation band, and the bottom edges of the two microstrip patches are positioned on two sides of the insulating separation band in parallel;
the microstrip antenna also comprises a control unit connected with a feeder line interface of the microstrip patch, and the control unit is positioned on the other side opposite to the microstrip antenna and the microstrip patch and is used for controlling the working performance of each microstrip patch;
the feeder line interface is positioned in the middle of the bottom edge of the microstrip patch and is used for being connected with the control unit;
all the microstrip antennas respectively form radiation modules with preset module numbers, each radiation module at least comprises an array submodule, and each array submodule comprises a two-dimensional antenna array formed by the microstrip antennas with the preset array element numbers.
2. The MIMO antenna of claim 1, wherein the array submodule further comprises a submodule interface, the submodule interface connecting each microstrip antenna.
3. The MIMO antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating module comprises at least one array sub-module, in particular:
the radiation module at least comprises two array sub-modules which are overlapped in parallel, so that all the microstrip antennas in each radiation module form a three-dimensional antenna array.
4. The MIMO antenna of claim 3, wherein the radiating module further comprises a control interface, the control interface being coupled to the sub-module interface of each array sub-module.
5. The MIMO antenna of claim 4, further comprising a control module coupled to the control interface of each radiating module.
6. A MIMO antenna according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the radiating module is surrounded by a shield.
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