CN111207002A

CN111207002A - Piston

Info

Publication number: CN111207002A
Application number: CN201811399558.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 强道前; 强莉莉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-11-22
Filing date: 2018-11-22
Publication date: 2020-05-29

Abstract

The invention discloses a piston, which comprises a piston body, a pin shaft and a connecting rod, wherein an oil cavity is arranged at the head part of the piston body, a pair of pin holes is arranged at the skirt part of the piston body, the small head of the connecting rod is sleeved on the pin shaft, two ends of the pin shaft are sleeved with the pin holes at the corresponding ends, an oil collecting hole is arranged on the small head of the connecting rod, a strip-shaped oil filling groove is arranged at the bottom of the oil cavity, when the connecting rod swings, the center of the oil collecting hole is always positioned in the vertical mapping range of the length dimension of the strip-shaped oil filling groove, and the width of the. The piston has the advantages of simple and reliable structure, capability of improving the oil inlet amount and the oil inlet efficiency of the small end of the connecting rod and capability of continuously supplementing lubricating oil to the small end of the connecting rod.

Description

Piston

Technical Field

The invention mainly relates to cooling and lubricating of a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine, in particular to a piston.

Background

The connecting rod group is an important part of an engine, a piston pin is arranged in a small head hole of a small head of the connecting rod to be connected with the piston, the small head hole and the piston pin move relatively during working, and an antifriction bush must be pressed in the small head hole for effective lubrication; for collecting lubricating oil, the connecting rod small end structure mainly has: firstly, inlay the bush and process the oil collecting hole in the connecting rod microcephaly downthehole, another kind is bored the oil feed passageway that has the straight connecting rod microcephaly in the connecting rod pole body, there are two types of lubrication method on this basis: firstly, pin and hole connection oil supply lubrication, namely forced lubrication, of a small end of a connecting rod is performed from an oil passage of a rod body of the connecting rod; secondly, carry out the fuel feeding lubrication to microcephaly round pin, jogged joint through the oil trap hole of connecting rod microcephaly, include: splash lubrication, spot and splash lubrication.

Forced lubrication is that an oil duct is arranged between the big end and the small end of the connecting rod for connecting, and part of lubricating oil for lubricating the connecting rod bush can reach the small end of the connecting rod through the oil duct for lubricating the piston pin and the connecting rod bush;

secondly, splash lubrication is carried out, namely an oil collecting hole is formed at the top end of the small end of the connecting rod to collect lubricating oil drops splashed when the crankshaft swings when the engine runs, and when lubricating oil is collected by the oil collecting hole of the small end of the connecting rod and enters the pin-hole connection, the small end of the connecting rod is lubricated and cooled, so that the method is simple and does not increase energy consumption;

and thirdly, point-injection and splash-mixing type lubrication, which comprises splash type lubrication and point-injection type lubrication, wherein the point-injection type lubrication is to forcibly send lubricating oil to a cooling oil cavity at the head of the piston, oil injection holes are symmetrically arranged at two sides of a skirt part of an inner cavity of the piston and communicated with the cooling oil cavity at the head of the piston, the oil injection holes and the swing tracks of the oil collection holes are on the same plane, when the lubricating oil passes through the oil injection holes and corresponds to the positions of the oil collection holes of the small ends of the connecting rods which swing along the centers of pin holes, the lubricating oil is collected by the oil collection holes and enters the pin and hole connections to lubricate and cool the small ends.

The connecting rod group has quite severe working conditions, and under the large background of emission upgrading, the structure of the engine is more compact, the pursuit of higher detonation pressure and higher power density becomes the direction of continuously improving the performance of the engine, which also puts higher requirements on the connecting rod group of the engine, the average speeds of a piston and a connecting rod are greatly improved compared with the prior art, and the problems of high temperature, poor lubrication and the like caused by high speed and high detonation pressure of the connecting rod group are more prominent.

In order to meet the use requirements of the engine, the piston is forcibly cooled by improving the structure of the connecting rod, selecting the structural steel and the heat-resistant aluminum alloy material with better performance, arranging a cooling oil cavity at the head of the piston and other measures, so that the lubrication of the connecting rod is enhanced, and a corresponding effect is achieved. Such as: patent numbers: the prior arts such as CN200820159361.0 combined piston, CN201510084881.4 internal combustion engine piston with inner cooling oil cavity structure and internal combustion engine, CN201180046161.9 used for piston of internal combustion engine, CN201320344303.6 engine connecting rod and the like provide a plurality of technical solutions for cooling piston and lubricating connecting rod.

When the engine runs, the connecting rod does up-and-down reciprocating motion, the small-end pin and hole connection of the connecting rod is always in the processes of oil feeding, lubrication, lubricating oil escape and oil re-feeding, the faster the running speed of the piston and the connecting rod is, the faster the lubricating oil escape of the small end of the connecting rod is, and the greater the risk of lubricating failure of the small-end pin and hole connection of the connecting rod is.

In the prior art, a forced lubricating mode can effectively lubricate the small end of the connecting rod, but the rod body of the connecting rod needs to be processed with a lubricating oil duct, so that the manufacturing cost is increased, and the power of an engine needs to be consumed in the lubricating process to send the lubricating oil to the small end of the connecting rod; based on the characteristic of the operation of the lubricating oil veneering, the oil collecting effect of the oil collecting hole of the small end of the connecting rod in the splash type lubricating mode is limited, and the lubricating effect is not ideal. The spot-type lubrication also has the following problems: firstly, when the swing angle of the small end of the connecting rod and the oil collecting hole corresponds to the position point of the oil spray hole, lubricating oil has an opportunity to enter the oil collecting hole, the lubricating oil in the lower half of the working stroke of the piston flows out of the cooling oil cavity, the oil collecting hole can collect the lubricating oil, and at the moment, the oil collecting hole corresponds to the position point of the oil spray hole, so that the oil collecting time is short, the oil inlet efficiency is low, the oil inlet amount of the small end of the connecting rod is small, and the lubricating effect is limited; and secondly, when the small end swings, the oil spray hole of the piston is higher than or corresponds to the oil collecting hole, so that the compression height of the piston with the single-oil-cavity structure is limited, and the height of the piston and the weight of the piston are increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the piston which has a simple and reliable structure, can improve the oil inlet amount and the oil inlet efficiency of the small end of the connecting rod and can continuously supplement lubricating oil to the small end of the connecting rod.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides a piston, includes piston body, round pin axle and connecting rod, the head of piston body is equipped with the oil pocket, and the skirt portion of piston body is equipped with a pair of pinhole, the microcephaly suit of connecting rod is epaxial at the round pin, the both ends of round pin axle cup joint with the pinhole of corresponding end, be provided with the oil collecting hole on the microcephaly of connecting rod, the bar oil filler bowl has been seted up to the oil pocket bottom, and when the connecting rod swings, the center of oil collecting hole is located the vertical mapping scope of bar oil filler bowl length dimension all the time, and the width of bar oil filler bowl is in the vertical mapping scope of oil.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution:

the small end of the connecting rod is provided with an inward concave oil guide surface at the oil collecting hole for guiding oil to the oil collecting hole.

The oil cavity comprises an annular oil cavity and a central oil cavity, the annular oil cavity and the central oil cavity are communicated with each other, and the strip-shaped oil filling groove is formed in the bottom of the central oil cavity and communicated with the central oil cavity.

The oil cavity comprises an annular oil cavity, an oil guide cavity for guiding oil from bottom to top is arranged at the bottom of the annular oil cavity, and the strip-shaped oil injection groove is formed in the bottom of the oil guide cavity and communicated with the oil guide cavity.

An oil guide pipe communicated with the bottom of the annular oil cavity is arranged in the head of the piston body, the oil guide pipe inner cavity is the oil guide cavity, and the strip-shaped oil injection groove is formed in the bottom of the oil guide pipe and communicated with the oil guide pipe.

An oil guide plate communicated with the bottom of the annular oil cavity is arranged in an inner cavity below the head of the piston body, the oil guide cavity is formed between the oil guide plate and the inner wall of the piston body, and the strip-shaped oil filling groove is formed in the oil guide plate and communicated with the oil guide cavity.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

when the piston is operated, cooling lubricating oil enters the oil cavity, the connecting rod swings in the inner cavity of the skirt portion of the piston, the cooling lubricating oil enters the strip-shaped oil groove at the bottom from the oil cavity, and the cooling lubricating oil enters the oil collecting hole in the small end of the connecting rod in a rhythmic mode through the strip-shaped oil groove, so that the small end of the connecting rod is cooled and lubricated. Compared with the traditional structure, the center of the oil collecting hole in the structure is always positioned in the vertical mapping range of the length size of the strip-shaped oil injection groove, namely, the oil collecting hole always corresponds to the strip-shaped oil injection groove on the upper part in the swinging stroke of the connecting rod, so that a mapping type surface corresponding oil collecting structure is formed, the oil collecting time is effectively prolonged, the oil inlet amount and the oil inlet efficiency of the small end of the connecting rod are improved, lubricating oil is continuously supplemented to the small end of the connecting rod, and the cooling and lubricating effects are improved; furthermore, the width of the strip-shaped oil filling groove is within the vertical mapping range of the size of the oil collecting hole, so that the cooling lubricating oil from the strip-shaped oil filling groove can fully meet the requirement of the oil collecting amount of the oil collecting hole below, and the problem of lubrication failure of the small end of the connecting rod is thoroughly solved; the strip-shaped oil filling groove and the oil collecting hole are arranged in the piston body, so that the structural space of the inner cavity of the piston is saved and fully utilized, the height of the compression height of the piston is reduced, and conditions are created for reducing the height of the piston, the weight of the piston and the power consumption; the cooling lubricating oil is sent into the oil collecting hole, and the pin shaft and the pin hole are cooled in an auxiliary mode under the action of swinging of the connecting rod while the small end of the connecting rod is cooled and lubricated, so that the temperature of the pin shaft and the pin hole is reduced, and the reliability is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic bottom view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic front view of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic bottom view of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of an oil conduit in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic front view of embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic bottom view of embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of an oil deflector in embodiment 3 of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the figures denote:

1. a piston body; 11. an oil chamber; 111. an annular oil chamber; 112. a central oil chamber; 113. an oil guide cavity; 12. a pin hole; 13. a strip-shaped oil injection groove; 2. a pin shaft; 3. a connecting rod; 31. an oil collecting hole; 32. an inner concave oil guide surface; 4. an oil guide pipe; 5. oil guide plate.

Detailed Description

The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.

Example 1:

fig. 1 to 2 show a first embodiment of the piston of the present invention, which includes a piston body 1, a pin shaft 2 and a connecting rod 3, wherein the head of the piston body 1 is provided with an oil chamber 11, the skirt portion of the piston body 1 is provided with a pair of pin holes 12, the small end of the connecting rod 3 is sleeved on the pin shaft 2, two ends of the pin shaft 2 are sleeved with the pin holes 12 at the corresponding ends, the small end of the connecting rod 3 is provided with an oil collecting hole 31, the bottom of the oil chamber 11 is provided with a bar-shaped oil filling groove 13, when the connecting rod 3 swings, the center of the oil collecting hole 31 is always located within the vertical mapping range of the length dimension of the bar-shaped oil filling groove 13, and the width of the bar. When the structure is operated, cooling lubricating oil enters the oil cavity 11, the connecting rod 3 swings in the inner cavity of the skirt part, the cooling lubricating oil enters the strip-shaped oil groove 13 at the bottom from the oil cavity 11, and the cooling lubricating oil enters the oil collecting hole 31 on the small end of the connecting rod 3 in a rhythmic mode through the strip-shaped oil groove 13, so that the small end of the connecting rod 3 is cooled and lubricated. Compared with the traditional structure, the center of the oil collecting hole 31 in the structure is always positioned in the vertical mapping range of the length size of the strip-shaped oil injection groove 13, namely, the oil collecting hole 31 always corresponds to the strip-shaped oil injection groove 13 at the upper part in the swinging stroke of the connecting rod 3, so that a mapping type surface corresponding oil collecting structure is formed, the oil collecting time is effectively increased, the oil inlet amount and the oil inlet efficiency of the small end of the connecting rod 3 are improved, lubricating oil is continuously supplemented to the small end of the connecting rod 3, and the cooling and lubricating effects are improved; furthermore, the width of the strip-shaped oil filling groove 13 is within the vertical mapping range of the size of the oil collecting hole 31, so that the cooling lubricating oil from the strip-shaped oil filling groove 13 fully meets the requirement of the oil collecting amount of the oil collecting hole 31 below, and the problem of lubrication failure of the small end of the connecting rod 3 is thoroughly solved; the strip-shaped oil filling groove 13 and the oil collecting hole 31 are both arranged in the piston body 1, so that the structural space of the inner cavity of the piston is saved and fully utilized, the height of the compression height of the piston is reduced, and conditions are created for reducing the height of the piston, the weight of the piston and the power consumption; the cooling lubricating oil is sent into the oil collecting hole 31, and the pin shaft 2 and the pin hole 12 are cooled in an auxiliary way under the action of the swinging of the connecting rod 3 while the small end of the connecting rod 3 is cooled and lubricated, so that the temperature of the pin shaft 2 and the pin hole 12 is reduced, and the reliability is improved.

In this embodiment, the small end of the connecting rod 3 is provided with an inner concave oil guiding surface 32 at the oil collecting hole 31 for guiding oil to the oil collecting hole 31. The cooling lubricating oil generally has the characteristic of flowing along the face, and in this structure, the setting of indent oil guide surface 32 makes cooling lubricating oil can get into oil collecting hole 31 along indent oil guide surface 32 fast when connecting rod 3 microcephaly surface flows, has further improved oil feed efficiency on the one hand, and on the other hand can further prevent lubricating oil escape.

In this embodiment, the oil chamber 11 includes an annular oil chamber 111 and a central oil chamber 112, the annular oil chamber 111 and the central oil chamber 112 are communicated with each other, and a strip-shaped oil groove 13 is opened at the bottom of the central oil chamber 112 and communicated therewith. The structure is a double-oil-cavity piston, cooling lubricating oil in the annular oil cavity 111 enters the central oil cavity 112 and then enters the strip-shaped oil groove 13 from the central oil cavity 112, and the structure is simple and practical.

Example 2:

fig. 3 to 5 show a second embodiment of the piston of the invention, which is substantially identical to embodiment 1, except that: in this embodiment, the oil chamber 11 includes an annular oil chamber 111, an oil guiding chamber 113 for guiding oil from bottom to top is disposed at the bottom of the annular oil chamber 111, and a strip-shaped oil filling groove 13 is disposed at the bottom of the oil guiding chamber 113 and communicated therewith. The structure is a single-oil-cavity piston, lubricating oil is sprayed out from the bottom of an annular oil cavity 111 under the action of potential energy, changes the flow direction through an oil guide cavity 113, and flows into a high-position strip-shaped oil injection groove 13 from a low-position oil injection port, so that the lubrication of a small end of a connecting rod is realized, resources are fully utilized, the power consumption of an engine is not increased, and the problems of quick escape and lubrication failure of the lubricating oil of the small end of the connecting rod 3 of the high-speed diesel engine are solved.

In this embodiment, an oil guide tube 4 communicated with the bottom of the annular oil chamber 111 is arranged in the head of the piston body 1, the inner cavity of the oil guide tube 4 is an oil guide chamber 113, and the strip-shaped oil filling groove 13 is arranged at the bottom of the oil guide tube 4 and communicated with the same. In the structure, the oil guide pipe 4 is cast in the head part of the piston body 1 and is positioned between the inner cavity of the piston and a combustion chamber, lubricating oil is sprayed out from the bottom of the annular oil cavity 111 under the action of potential energy and changes the flowing direction through the oil guide pipe 4, and the lubricating oil flows into the strip-shaped oil injection groove 13 at a high position from a low-position oil injection port, so that the structure is simple and reliable.

Example 3:

fig. 6 to 8 show a third embodiment of the piston of the invention, which is substantially identical to embodiment 2, except that: in this embodiment, an oil guide plate 5 communicated with the bottom of the annular oil cavity 111 is arranged in an inner cavity below the head of the piston body 1, an oil guide cavity 113 is formed between the oil guide plate 5 and the inner wall of the piston body 1, and a strip-shaped oil filling groove 13 is formed in the oil guide plate 5 and communicated with the oil guide cavity 113. The structure is also a single-oil-chamber piston, the oil guide plate 5 is welded on the inner cavity wall below the head part of the piston body 1, an oil guide chamber 113 is formed between the oil guide plate 5 and the inner wall of the piston body 1, lubricating oil is sprayed out from the bottom of the annular oil chamber 111 under the action of potential energy and is restrained by the oil guide plate 5, the flowing direction in the oil guide chamber 113 is changed, and the lubricating oil flows into the high-position strip-shaped oil injection groove 13 from a low-position oil injection port, and the structure is simple and reliable.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make numerous possible variations and modifications to the present invention, or modify equivalent embodiments to equivalent variations, without departing from the scope of the invention, using the teachings disclosed above. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the technical scheme of the present invention, unless the technical spirit of the present invention departs from the content of the technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a piston, includes piston body (1), round pin axle (2) and connecting rod (3), the head of piston body (1) is equipped with oil pocket (11), and the skirt portion of piston body (1) is equipped with a pair of pinhole (12), the microcephaly suit of connecting rod (3) is on round pin axle (2), the both ends of round pin axle (2) cup joint its characterized in that with pinhole (12) of corresponding end: be provided with oil collecting hole (31) on the microcephaly of connecting rod (3), bar oiling groove (13) have been seted up to oil pocket (11) bottom, and when connecting rod (3) swung, the center of oil collecting hole (31) was located bar oiling groove (13) length dimension's vertical mapping scope all the time, and the width of bar oiling groove (13) is in the vertical mapping scope of oil collecting hole (31) size.

2. The piston of claim 1, wherein: the small end of the connecting rod (3) is provided with an inward concave oil guiding surface (32) which is used for guiding oil to the oil collecting hole (31) at the oil collecting hole (31).

3. The piston of claim 2, wherein: the oil cavity (11) comprises an annular oil cavity (111) and a central oil cavity (112), the annular oil cavity (111) is communicated with the central oil cavity (112), and the strip-shaped oil filling groove (13) is formed in the bottom of the central oil cavity (112) and communicated with the central oil cavity.

4. The piston of claim 2, wherein: the oil cavity (11) comprises an annular oil cavity (111), an oil guide cavity (113) for guiding oil from bottom to top is formed in the bottom of the annular oil cavity (111), and the strip-shaped oil filling groove (13) is formed in the bottom of the oil guide cavity (113) and communicated with the oil guide cavity.

5. The piston of claim 4, wherein: an oil guide pipe (4) communicated with the bottom of the annular oil cavity (111) is arranged in the head of the piston body (1), the oil guide cavity (113) is formed in the inner cavity of the oil guide pipe (4), and the strip-shaped oil filling groove (13) is formed in the bottom of the oil guide pipe (4) and communicated with the oil guide pipe.

6. The piston of claim 4, wherein: the piston is characterized in that an oil guide plate (5) communicated with the bottom of the annular oil cavity (111) is arranged in an inner cavity below the head of the piston body (1), the oil guide cavity (113) is formed between the oil guide plate (5) and the inner wall of the piston body (1), and a strip-shaped oil filling groove (13) is formed in the oil guide plate (5) and communicated with the oil guide cavity (113).