CN111206152A - Method for recovering metal powder from metal sludge - Google Patents

Method for recovering metal powder from metal sludge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111206152A
CN111206152A CN202010066305.8A CN202010066305A CN111206152A CN 111206152 A CN111206152 A CN 111206152A CN 202010066305 A CN202010066305 A CN 202010066305A CN 111206152 A CN111206152 A CN 111206152A
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oil
water
saponified
sludge
crude
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CN111206152B (en
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臧正军
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Jiangsu Tonghai Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Jiangsu Haitong Jiu Zhuo Ecology Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/005Separation by a physical processing technique only, e.g. by mechanical breaking
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M109/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00Obtaining copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B21/00Obtaining aluminium
    • C22B21/0038Obtaining aluminium by other processes
    • C22B21/0069Obtaining aluminium by other processes from scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium, e.g. recovery of alloy constituents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007Processes including a sedimentation step
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for recovering metal powder from metal mud. The method for recovering the metal powder from the metal mud has high metal recovery rate and can recover and obtain various recyclable oils. The recovery method realizes the complete classification and recovery of the metal mud, and water used in the recovery process is from the metal mud and basically does not need to be additionally added; and zero emission in the recovery process.

Description

Method for recovering metal powder from metal sludge
Technical Field
The invention relates to a resource recovery method of metal mud, in particular to a method for recovering metal powder from metal mud.
Background
Industries such as copper material processing, cable production and the like generate a large amount of copper mud and aluminum mud in the production process, wherein the copper mud mainly contains saponified water and copper oil sludge, and the aluminum mud mainly contains saponified water and aluminum oil sludge.
The saponified water is oil-containing waste water, and the emulsified oil accounts for about 8-12% of the total amount of water. Because the emulsified oil is stably dispersed in water in the form of oil-in-water due to the influence of the surfactant, oil-water separation is difficult to achieve without a special treatment. The saponified water produced in the production of copper cables also contains copper powder, so that the effective sedimentation and separation of the copper powder are difficult.
Copper sludge and aluminum sludge are produced in the largest amount in the cable industry, and the main components are oil and copper/aluminum. For example, copper sludge produced in the production process of copper ingot drawing copper rods and copper rod drawing copper wires comprises copper, oil and water. The aluminum oil sludge generated by pulling the aluminum rod by the aluminum ingot comprises aluminum, oil and water; the aluminum rod pulled an aluminum wire resulting in an aluminum sludge comprising approximately 75% aluminum and 25% oil.
The saponified water and the oil sludge are hazardous wastes which are forbidden to be discharged, and if the saponified water and the oil sludge can be recycled, the environment protection is facilitated, and a larger economic value can be generated.
Chinese patent document CN 106966558A (application No. 201710080174.7) discloses a method for treating saponified water and oil sludge, comprising the steps of 1: firstly, performing viscosity reduction treatment on a metal mud mixture containing saponified water and oil sludge generated in the mechanical production or cable production process; step 2: adding a first oil-water separating agent into the metal mud mixture subjected to viscosity reduction treatment; step 3, adding water into the metal mud mixture subjected to viscosity reduction treatment for water washing until the water washes out an aluminum oil semi-finished product, a copper oil semi-finished product, aluminum powder, copper powder and saponified water; and 4, step 4: adding dilute HCl into the washed saponified water; and 5: adding a second oil-water separating agent into the saponified water washed out by the water to carry out reaction; step 6: and obtaining a polyaluminium chloride solution, an aluminum oil semi-finished product and a copper oil semi-finished product after reaction. The viscosity reduction treatment in the step 1 is to add a viscosity reducer into the metal mud mixture containing the saponified water and the oil sludge, and stir for 3-10 hours, wherein the viscosity reducer is an X-40 series polymer viscosity reducer, and the dosage of the viscosity reducer in each ton of the metal mud containing the saponified water and the oil sludge is zero six kilograms. The mass ratio of the first oil-water separating agent to the metal mud mixture subjected to viscosity reduction treatment in the step 2 is 1: 60-1: 40. The first oil-water separating agent is a GT-D01A high-efficiency novel demulsifier, and the dosage of the GT-D01A high-efficiency novel demulsifier is one thousandth of a millstone zero five of the weight of the metal mud containing the saponified water and the oil mud. The second oil-water separating agent is a GT-D01 reverse demulsifier, and the dosage of the GT-D01 reverse demulsifier is one thousandth of one-fifth of the weight of the metal mud containing the saponified water and the oil mud. The mass percentage concentration range of the dilute HCl in the step 4 is 10-35%. The amount of said dilute HCl per ton of saponified water washed out was 150 kg. The mass percentage concentration of the polyaluminium chloride solution in the step 6 is 20 percent; the reaction time range is 1-3 hours; the temperature range of the reaction is 30-95 ℃.
In the application, the resource recovery is carried out on the saponified water and the sludge, but in the aluminum sludge, only part of aluminum is recovered in the form of aluminum powder, and most of aluminum is recovered in the form of polyaluminium chloride; the recovery of copper from the copper sludge is incomplete.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for completely recovering metal powder and oil from metal mud.
The technical scheme for realizing the first purpose of the invention is a method for recovering metal powder from metal mud, wherein the metal mud is copper mud, and the method comprises the following steps:
① standing and layering the copper sludge to be treated, and separating to obtain copper sludge, saponified water and mixed oil.
② standing the saponified water separated in step ① for 3-5 hours, separating water and oil, filtering the lower layer of water phase to obtain copper powder, cleaning and drying the copper powder, adding a demulsifier into the saponified water without the copper powder, and removing the saponified oil to obtain treated saponified water.
③ adding the copper oil sludge obtained by separating in the step ① and the saponified water treated in the step ② into a container, adding an emulsifier, adding water into the reacted materials after the emulsification reaction is finished, filtering to obtain copper powder, and cleaning and drying the copper powder.
And ②, standing for 3-5 hours, layering the water and the oil, pumping out the upper oil phase, storing, adding a demulsifier into the saponified water without the copper powder, collecting the upper saponified oil, and filtering the lower saponified water to remove the surfactant to obtain the treated saponified water.
In step ③, the feeding mass ratio of the copper oil sludge obtained by separation in step ① to the saponified water treated in step ② is 1: 0.5-3, and the addition amount of the emulsifier is 0.05-0.1% of the total mass of the mixture of the copper oil sludge and the saponified water.
In step ③, after the emulsification reaction is finished, water is added and the mixture is filtered, the obtained filtrate is added with a demulsifier and stirred, water and butter are separated, and the crude butter in the upper layer is collected.
The method further comprises the step of recovering oil, which is to uniformly mix the mixed oil obtained in the step ①, the oil separated from the saponified water in the step ② and the crude butter product obtained in the step ③, add a demulsifier into the mixed oil, stir the mixed oil and the crude butter product at the temperature of 80 +/-5 ℃ for 0.5 to 2 hours, keep the temperature of 80 +/-5 ℃, add a first oil-water separating agent into the demulsified oil, stir the mixture, stand the mixture, separate the water, the butter, the saponified oil and the engine oil, and separate and store the crude butter and the water in each layer.
And (3) adding a decoloring agent into the crude oil respectively for each crude oil obtained by separation, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the decolored crude engine oil to 7 +/-0.2, adding a second oil-water separating agent into the crude engine oil, uniformly stirring, standing, separating, and collecting the obtained oil to obtain the corresponding finished engine oil.
The technical scheme for realizing the second purpose of the invention is a method for recovering metal powder from metal mud, wherein the metal mud is aluminum mud, and the method comprises the following steps:
① standing and layering the aluminum sludge to be treated, and separating to obtain aluminum sludge, saponified water and mixed oil.
② adding demulsifier into the mixed oil obtained in step ①, demulsifying, separating oil from aluminum, filtering, washing and drying the obtained aluminum powder, and storing the filtrate for further treatment.
③ pretreatment of the saponified water to remove oils and surfactants from the water.
④ adding the aluminum oil sludge obtained by the separation in the step ① and the saponified water obtained by the treatment in the step ③ into a container, adding an emulsifier, adding water into the reacted materials after the emulsification reaction is finished, filtering to obtain aluminum powder, and cleaning and drying the aluminum powder.
And step ③, standing the saponified water for 3-5 hours, layering water and oil, removing an oil phase to complete primary oil-water separation, adding a demulsifier into the obtained water phase, stirring, removing the upper-layer saponified oil, and filtering to remove a surfactant to obtain pretreated saponified water.
④, the feeding mass ratio of the aluminum oil sludge obtained by separating in the step ① to the saponified water treated in the step ③ is 1: 0.5-3, and the adding amount of the emulsifier is 0.05-0.1% of the total mass of the mixture of the aluminum oil sludge and the saponified water.
For the filtrate obtained from the filtration in step ④, a demulsifier was added to the filtrate and stirred, water and butter were separated, and crude butter in the upper layer was collected.
And further comprising the step of recovering oil, which is to uniformly mix the mixed oil obtained after aluminum powder is removed in the step ②, the oil separated from the saponified water in the step ③ and the crude butter obtained in the step ④, add a demulsifier into the mixed oil, stir the mixture for 0.5 to 2 hours at the temperature of 80 +/-5 ℃, keep the temperature of 80 +/-5 ℃, add a first oil-water separating agent into the demulsified oil, stir the mixture, stand the mixture, separate the water, the butter, the saponified oil and the engine oil, and separate and store the crude oil and the water in each layer.
And (3) adding a decoloring agent into the crude oil respectively for each crude oil obtained by separation, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the decolored crude engine oil to 7 +/-0.2, adding a second oil-water separating agent into the crude engine oil, uniformly stirring, standing, separating, and collecting the obtained oil to obtain the corresponding finished engine oil.
The invention has the positive effects that:
(1) the method for recovering the metal powder from the metal mud has high metal recovery rate, and simultaneously recovers and obtains various recyclable oils (engine oil, butter and emulsified oil).
(2) The recovery method realizes the complete classification and recovery of the metal mud, and water used in the recovery process is from the metal mud and basically does not need to be additionally added; and zero emission in the recovery process.
(3) During recovery, the metal mud, namely the copper mud/aluminum mud is firstly kept stand for layering, the metal mud, the saponified water and the mixed oil are respectively collected from bottom to top, and the recovery process is started after the three layers of materials are classified and collected. Compared with the prior art which directly recovers the metal mud without classification, the method has high recovery rate of the metal and basically realizes complete recovery; and various oils are classified and recovered, and can be directly recycled in workshops.
Detailed Description
(example 1)
The metal mud recovered in the embodiment is copper mud, which is from the copper cable processing process, and the recovery method comprises the following steps:
① standing the copper mud for 2-5 h, separating the copper mud into three layers from bottom to top, namely a metal oil mud layer, a saponified water layer and a mixed oil layer, and separating and storing the three layers for treatment.
The metal sludge treated in this example was a copper sludge, which was primarily a mixture of oil, large particle copper powder, and water, the oil being primarily butter, having an oil content of about 35 wt.%, a copper content of about 50 wt.%, and a water content of about 15 wt.%.
The saponified water is oily waste water containing small-particle copper powder. The emulsified oil accounts for 8-12% of the total amount of water, and the oil in the saponified water comprises machine oil, butter and saponified oil.
The mixed oil layer mainly comprises engine oil and butter.
② recovering small copper powder particles from the saponified water.
For the saponified water isolated in step ① (COD value 1.8 x 10)5mg/L), standing for 3-5 hours, layering water and oil, wherein the upper layer is an oil phase, the lower layer is a water phase, and pumping out the oil phase (the mixture of the engine oil and the butter) on the upper layer for storage; and filtering the lower water phase to obtain small-particle copper powder, cleaning and drying the obtained copper powder, wherein the separated saponified water only contains saponified oil.
And adding a demulsifier into the saponified water without the copper powder, stirring, separating the water from the saponified oil, standing for layering, collecting the upper-layer saponified oil, and filtering the lower-layer saponified water to remove the surfactant to obtain the treated saponified water.
The surfactant obtained by filtration can be recovered and used as a filler for butter (grease).
The addition amount of the demulsifier is 0.05-0.1% of the weight of the water phase, the demulsifier is one or a mixture of more than one of cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, polyether, polyester, quaternary ammonium salt polymer and complex demulsifier, and the demulsifier used in the embodiment is the complex demulsifier (complex of polyether, oleylamine, acetic acid and n-propanol).
The treated saponified water had a COD value of 2800 mg/L and contained approximately 2% saponified oil and 0.85% surfactant.
③ adding the copper oil sludge obtained by separating in the step ① and the saponified water obtained by treating in the step ② into a container, wherein the mass ratio of the copper oil sludge to the saponified water is 1: 1.
And adding an emulsifier into the mixture of the copper oil sludge and the saponified water, and emulsifying at 80 ℃ for 1h, wherein the addition amount of the emulsifier is 0.05 percent of the total mass of the mixture of the copper oil sludge and the saponified water. The emulsifier is oil-in-water type emulsifier.
After the emulsification reaction is finished, water is added into the reacted materials, and the volume of the water is 1.5 times of that of the emulsified materials.
And (3) the emulsified butter enters water, at the moment, the copper and the oil in the copper oil sludge are completely separated, large-particle copper powder is obtained by filtering, and the filtrate is a mixture of saponified water and a small amount of butter.
And cleaning the obtained copper powder, and drying and storing at 150 ℃.
Adding demulsifier into the filtrate, stirring, separating water from butter, collecting crude butter product in the upper layer, and storing the separated water for reuse as the water substitute for the saponified water treated in step ②.
④ mixing the mixed oil obtained in step ①, the oil separated from the saponified water in step ②, and the crude butter product obtained in step ③, adding a demulsifier, and stirring at 80 ± 5 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours, wherein the added amount of the demulsifier is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the crude butter product, the demulsifier is one or a mixture of more than one of a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a polyether, a polyester, a quaternary ammonium salt polymer, and a complex demulsifier, and the demulsifier used in this embodiment is a complex demulsifier (complex of polyether, oleylamine, acetic acid, and n-propanol).
Keeping the temperature at 80 +/-5 ℃, adding a first oil-water separating agent into the demulsified oil, and stirring, wherein the adding amount of the first oil-water separating agent is 0.05-0.1% of the oil by mass, the first oil-water separating agent is a cationic polymer type oil-water separating agent or a complex type oil-water separating agent, and the oil-water separating agent used in the embodiment is prepared according to CN 109134756A.
Standing for 1 hr, at which time the water, butter, saponified oil and engine oil are separated, and separating and storing crude oil and water in each layer.
Adding a decolorizing agent into the crude engine oil product obtained by separation, and uniformly stirring, wherein the adding amount of the decolorizing agent is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the crude engine oil product, the decolorizing agent is one or a mixture of more than one of a cationic organic polymeric flocculant, an anionic organic polymeric flocculant, a nonionic organic polymeric flocculant and an acrylamide graft copolymer, the decolorizing agent used in the embodiment is a quaternary ammonium salt type organic polymeric flocculant TH-3, filtering the decolorized crude engine oil product, adjusting the pH value to 7 +/-0.2 (adjusting by using hydrochloric acid or sodium aluminate), adding a second oil-water separating agent into the oil-water separating agent, uniformly stirring, standing for 1 hour, and then layering oil and water, wherein the upper layer is pure engine oil and can be directly returned to a cable plant for use, and the lower layer is water and can be recycled in step ③.
The addition amount of the second oil-water separating agent is 0.05-0.1% of the crude engine oil product, the second oil-water separating agent is a cationic polymer type oil-water separating agent or a complex type oil-water separating agent, and the oil-water separating agent used in the embodiment is prepared according to CN 109134756A.
Refining and purifying the butter and the saponified oil as well as purifying the engine oil to respectively obtain a butter finished product and a saponified oil finished product which can be recycled in a workshop.
The water separated in this step can be recycled in step ③.
(example 2)
The metal mud recovered by the embodiment is aluminum mud, and is obtained from the aluminum ingot aluminum rod pulling process of aluminum cable processing, and the recovery method comprises the following steps:
① standing the aluminum mud for 2-5 h, separating the aluminum mud into three layers from bottom to top, namely a metal oil mud layer, a saponified water layer and a mixed oil layer, and separating and storing the three layers for treatment.
The lower layer of metal oil sludge is aluminum oil sludge which is mainly a mixture of oil, large-particle aluminum powder and water, wherein the oil is mainly butter, and has the oil content of about 35wt%, the aluminum content of about 50 wt% and the water content of about 15 wt%.
The saponified water is an oily waste water containing no aluminum powder. The emulsified oil accounts for 8-12% of the total amount of water, and the oil in the saponified water comprises machine oil, butter and saponified oil.
The mixed oil layer mainly comprises engine oil and butter, wherein the mixed oil layer contains small-particle aluminum powder.
② recovering small particles of aluminum powder from the oil mixture.
And (2) adding a demulsifier into the mixed oil obtained by separation in the step ①, reacting for 1 hour at 80 ℃, separating oil from aluminum after demulsification, filtering, cleaning and drying the obtained aluminum powder, storing the filtrate for later treatment, wherein the using amount of the demulsifier is 0.06 percent of the mass of the mixed oil, and the demulsifier is a polyether demulsifier.
③ pretreatment of the saponified water to remove oils and surfactants from the water.
Adding saponified water (COD value of 2 x 10)5mg/L) standing for 3-5 hours, layering water and oil, pumping out the oil phase (mainly engine oil and butter) on the upper layer for storage and treatment, and finishing primary oil-water separation.
And adding a demulsifier into the obtained water phase, stirring, further separating water from oil, removing an upper oil phase (saponified oil), and filtering to remove the surfactant to obtain treated saponified water. The filter residue obtained by filtering can be used as filler of butter for recycling.
The addition amount of the demulsifier is 0.05-0.1% of the weight of the water phase, the demulsifier is one or a mixture of more than one of cationic surfactant, anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, polyether, polyester, quaternary ammonium salt polymer and complex demulsifier, and the demulsifier used in the embodiment is the complex demulsifier (complex of polyether, oleylamine, acetic acid and n-propanol).
The treated saponified water had a COD value of 3000 mg/L and contained about 2% saponified oil and 0.85% surfactant.
④ and recovering aluminum powder in the aluminum sludge.
And (3) adding the aluminum oil sludge separated in the step ① and the saponified water treated in the step ③ into a container, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum oil sludge to the saponified water is 1: 1.
And adding an emulsifier into the mixture of the aluminum oil sludge and the saponified water, and emulsifying at 80 ℃ for 2 hours, wherein the adding amount of the emulsifier is 1 percent of the total mass of the mixture of the aluminum oil sludge and the saponified water. The emulsifier is oil-in-water type emulsifier.
After the emulsification reaction is finished, water is added into the reacted materials, and the volume of the water is 1 time of that of the emulsified materials.
And (3) the emulsified butter enters water, at the moment, aluminum in the aluminum oil sludge is completely separated from oil, large-particle aluminum powder is obtained by filtering, and the filtrate is a mixture of saponified water and a small amount of butter.
The obtained aluminum powder is cleaned and dried and stored at 150 ℃.
Adding demulsifier into the filtrate, stirring, separating water from butter, collecting crude butter product in the upper layer, and storing the separated water for reuse in the step as the water substitute for the saponified water treated in step ③.
⑤ recovery of oil.
The mixed oil obtained after aluminum powder is removed in the step ②, the oil separated from the saponified water in the step ③ and the crude butter obtained in the step ④ are uniformly mixed, then a demulsifier is added into the mixed oil, and the mixed oil is stirred for 0.5 to 2 hours at the temperature of 80 +/-5 ℃, wherein the adding amount of the demulsifier is 0.05 to 0.1 percent of the mass of the crude butter, the demulsifier is one or a mixture of more than one of a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, a polyether, a polyester, a quaternary ammonium salt polymer and a complex demulsifier, and the demulsifier used in the embodiment is a complex demulsifier (complex of polyether, oleylamine, acetic acid and n-propanol).
Keeping the temperature at 80 +/-5 ℃, adding a first oil-water separating agent into the demulsified oil, and stirring, wherein the adding amount of the first oil-water separating agent is 0.05-0.1% of the oil by mass, the first oil-water separating agent is a cationic polymer type oil-water separating agent or a complex type oil-water separating agent, and the oil-water separating agent used in the embodiment is prepared according to CN 109134756A.
Standing for 1 hr, at which time the water, butter, saponified oil and engine oil are separated, and separating and storing crude oil and water in each layer.
Adding a decolorizing agent into the crude engine oil product obtained by separation, and uniformly stirring, wherein the adding amount of the decolorizing agent is 0.05-0.1% of the mass of the crude engine oil product, the decolorizing agent is one or a mixture of more than one of a cationic organic polymeric flocculant, an anionic organic polymeric flocculant, a nonionic organic polymeric flocculant and an acrylamide graft copolymer, the decolorizing agent used in the embodiment is a quaternary ammonium salt type organic polymeric flocculant TH-3, filtering the decolorized crude engine oil product, adjusting the pH value to 7 +/-0.2 (adjusting by using hydrochloric acid or sodium aluminate), adding a second oil-water separating agent into the oil-water separating agent, uniformly stirring, standing for 1 hour, and then layering oil and water, wherein the upper layer is pure engine oil and can be directly returned to a cable plant for use, and the lower layer is water and can be recycled in step ③.
The addition amount of the second oil-water separating agent is 0.05-0.1% of the crude engine oil product, the second oil-water separating agent is a cationic polymer type oil-water separating agent or a complex type oil-water separating agent, and the oil-water separating agent used in the embodiment is prepared according to CN 109134756A.
Refining and purifying the butter and the saponified oil as well as purifying the engine oil to respectively obtain a butter finished product and a saponified oil finished product which can be recycled in a workshop.
The water separated in this step can be recycled in step ④.

Claims (10)

1. A method for recovering metal powder from metal sludge, wherein the metal sludge is copper sludge, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
① standing and layering the copper sludge to be treated, and separating to obtain copper sludge, saponified water and mixed oil;
② standing the saponified water separated in step ① for 3-5 hours, separating water and oil, filtering the lower layer of water phase to obtain copper powder, cleaning and drying the copper powder, adding a demulsifier into the saponified water without the copper powder, and removing the saponified oil to obtain treated saponified water;
③ adding the copper oil sludge obtained by separating in the step ① and the saponified water treated in the step ② into a container, adding an emulsifier, adding water into the reacted materials after the emulsification reaction is finished, filtering to obtain copper powder, and cleaning and drying the copper powder.
2. The method for recovering metal powder from metal sludge according to claim 1, wherein the step ② is carried out by standing for 3-5 hours for water-oil separation, pumping out the oil phase at the upper layer and storing, adding demulsifier into the saponified water from which copper powder is removed, collecting the saponified oil at the upper layer, and filtering the saponified water at the lower layer to remove surfactant, thereby obtaining treated saponified water.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step ③, the mass ratio of the copper sludge separated in step ① to the saponified water treated in step ② is 1: 0.5-3, and the amount of the emulsifier added is 0.05-0.1% of the total mass of the mixture of the copper sludge and the saponified water.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step ③, after the emulsification reaction, water is added and filtered, the obtained filtrate is added with demulsifier and stirred, the water and butter are separated, and crude butter in the upper layer is collected.
5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the step of recovering the metal powder from the metal sludge, wherein the step of recovering the metal powder further comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the mixed oil obtained in the step ①, the oil separated from the saponified water in the step ②, and the crude butter obtained in the step ③, adding a demulsifier, stirring at 80 +/-5 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours, keeping the temperature at 80 +/-5 ℃, adding a first oil-water separating agent to the demulsified oil, stirring, standing, layering water, butter, saponified oil and engine oil, and separating and storing the crude butter and water in each layer;
and (3) adding a decoloring agent into the crude oil respectively for each crude oil obtained by separation, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the decolored crude engine oil to 7 +/-0.2, adding a second oil-water separating agent into the crude engine oil, uniformly stirring, standing, separating, and collecting the obtained oil to obtain the corresponding finished engine oil.
6. A method for recovering metal powder from metal sludge, the metal sludge being aluminum sludge, characterized by comprising the steps of:
① standing and layering the aluminum sludge to be treated, and separating to obtain aluminum sludge, saponified water and mixed oil;
② adding demulsifier into the mixed oil obtained by separation in step ①, demulsifying, separating oil from aluminum, filtering, cleaning and drying the obtained aluminum powder, and storing the filtrate for later treatment;
③ pretreating the saponified water to remove oil and surfactant;
④ adding the aluminum oil sludge obtained by the separation in the step ① and the saponified water obtained by the treatment in the step ③ into a container, adding an emulsifier, adding water into the reacted materials after the emulsification reaction is finished, filtering to obtain aluminum powder, and cleaning and drying the aluminum powder.
7. The method for recovering metal powder from metal sludge according to claim 6, wherein in the step ③, the saponified water is left to stand for 3-5 hours, the water and the oil are separated into layers, the oil phase is removed, the primary oil-water separation is completed, the demulsifier is added into the obtained water phase and stirred, the upper-layer saponified oil is removed, and then the surfactant is removed by filtration, so that the pretreated saponified water is obtained.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the aluminum sludge separated in step ① in step ④ to the saponified water treated in step ③ is 1: 0.5-3, and the amount of the emulsifier added is 0.05-0.1% of the total mass of the mixture of the aluminum sludge and the saponified water.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the filtering liquid obtained from the step ④ is subjected to a demulsifying agent, the water and butter are separated, and the crude butter in the upper layer is collected.
10. The method of claim 9, further comprising recovering oil by mixing the oil mixture from step ②, the oil separated from the saponified water of step ③, and the crude butter product from step ④, adding a demulsifier, stirring at 80 ± 5 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours, maintaining at 80 ± 5 ℃, adding a first oil-water separating agent to the demulsified oil, stirring, standing, layering water, butter, saponified oil, and machine oil, and separating and storing the crude butter and water of each layer;
and (3) adding a decoloring agent into the crude oil respectively for each crude oil obtained by separation, uniformly stirring, adjusting the pH value of the decolored crude engine oil to 7 +/-0.2, adding a second oil-water separating agent into the crude engine oil, uniformly stirring, standing, separating, and collecting the obtained oil to obtain the corresponding finished engine oil.
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