CN111187939B - Preparation method of metal-based ceramic particle reinforced composite material - Google Patents
Preparation method of metal-based ceramic particle reinforced composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN111187939B CN111187939B CN202010185815.7A CN202010185815A CN111187939B CN 111187939 B CN111187939 B CN 111187939B CN 202010185815 A CN202010185815 A CN 202010185815A CN 111187939 B CN111187939 B CN 111187939B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
- C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/12—Making non-ferrous alloys by processing in a semi-solid state, e.g. holding the alloy in the solid-liquid phase
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material, which comprises the steps of mixing large-size ceramic particles with small-size metal matrix powder, sintering a pressing block of the mixed powder, crushing a sintering product to a required particle size, placing the crushed sintering product at the bottom of a casting ladle, pouring metal matrix melt into the casting ladle, preparing semi-solid slurry under stirring, and producing the composite material by adopting a semi-solid casting process, so that the ceramic particles and the metal matrix powder are mixed more uniformly, the problem of poor bonding between a ceramic phase and a metal matrix is solved, and the incidence rate of composite interface cracks is effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a metal-based ceramic particle reinforced composite material, belonging to the technical field of composite materials.
Background
At present, the composite material adopting the ceramic particles to reinforce the metal matrix is one of the key points of research in the field of composite materials, and the metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material can obtain higher strength, hardness and wear resistance, has excellent service performance and is widely applied to key parts in various industries such as metallurgy, electric power, machinery, building materials and the like.
The method for producing the metal-based ceramic composite material in the prior art mainly comprises a powder metallurgy method and a casting method, wherein the powder metallurgy method is a method for fully mixing reinforced ceramic particles and metal powder, then carrying out cold press molding, carrying out vacuum heating to a solid-liquid two-phase region for hot pressing, and then carrying out hot extrusion or cold rolling on a blank after hot pressing to manufacture a part, but the method has the defects of limited product size, long period and high cost, and the bonding strength of a metal matrix and the reinforced particles of the obtained product is also limited; the casting method generally combines ceramic particles serving as a reinforcing phase with a metal matrix solution by using a cast-infiltration process to prepare the metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material, and the method is easy to have the defects of uneven distribution of a reinforcing body and poor combination of a matrix and the reinforcing particles.
It can be said that the technical problems of poor bonding strength between the matrix and the reinforcement and uneven distribution of the reinforcement phase, which are easily caused during the preparation of the metal-based ceramic composite material, are always the key points and difficulties of the research in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the application provides a preparation method of a metal-based ceramic particle reinforced composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing ceramic particles with the particle diameter of a first size and metal-based powder with the particle diameter of a second size, wherein the first size is 5-10 times of the second size;
step 2, fully mixing the ceramic particles with the particle size diameter of a first size and the metal-based powder with the particle size diameter of a second size, adding a binder into the mixed powder, putting the mixed powder into a ball mill, performing ball milling and uniform mixing, and pressing the uniformly mixed powder mixture into blocks by using an isostatic press under certain pressure to obtain a first pressing block;
step 3, degreasing the first pressing block at a preset first temperature for 1-2 hours, heating to a second temperature for roasting, naturally cooling to a third temperature after roasting is finished, crushing the roasted pressing block, and screening out ceramic composite particles meeting the requirement of a third size on the particle size diameter, wherein the third size is larger than the second size;
step 4, uniformly paving the ceramic composite particles with the third size at the bottom of the casting ladle, then pouring the metal matrix melt into the casting ladle, stirring the casting ladle with the first specification for the first time after the metal matrix melt is poured, and then stirring the casting ladle with the second specification under the air cooling condition to prepare semi-solid slurry until the solid phase rate of metal in the casting ladle reaches 0.4-0.5;
step 5, casting a required composite blank by adopting a semi-solid casting process;
and 6, carrying out heat treatment on the cast composite blank, and grinding and cutting to obtain the required metal matrix ceramic composite material.
Further, the first size ceramic particles may be Al2O3、TiO2、SiO2、SiC、Si3N4、ZrO2、B4C、Y2O3The metal matrix can be any one of cast iron, cast steel, Al alloy, Cu alloy, Zn alloy, Ti alloy and Ni alloy.
Further, the first size is 50-150 μm, the second size is less than or equal to 30 μm, and the third size is 90-130 μm;
further, the first size is 80-120 μm, the second size is 10-25 μm, and the third size is 100-110 μm, under the condition that the size ratio of the first size to the second size is ensured, the smaller the size of the composite particles is, the better the performance of the obtained composite material is, but the corresponding cost is further increased;
further, the metal substrate may be cast iron or cast steel, the binder may be one or more of liquid paraffin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and low density polyethylene, the first temperature is 150-;
further, the metal matrix may be an Al alloy, the binder may be one or more of a mixture of liquid paraffin and ethylene bis stearamide, polyvinyl alcohol, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and low density polyethylene, the first temperature is 150-;
further, the metal matrix can be a Cu alloy, the binder can be one or more of liquid paraffin, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and low-density polyethylene, the first temperature is 150-;
specifically, the sintering temperature under the second temperature condition is preferably controlled to 70 to 80% of the melting point temperature of the metal matrix alloy, and the corresponding third temperature is decreased as appropriate.
Further, the first time is 2-5min, the first specification stirring is electromagnetic stirring or mechanical stirring, and the second specification stirring is mechanical stirring.
Further, the heat treatment process comprises quenching and low-temperature tempering.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, large-size ceramic particles and small-size metal-based powder are mixed, then the briquettes of the mixed powder are sintered for the first time, the sintered product is crushed into the required particle size, and then the crushed sintered product is used in the subsequent casting process, so that the ceramic particles and the metal-based powder are mixed more uniformly, the crushed sintered particles are combined with the subsequent metal-based melt liquid, the problem of poor combination of the ceramic particles and the metal matrix is solved, and the incidence rate of composite interface cracks is reduced.
2. According to the invention, the ceramic composite particles with the particle size diameter of the third size requirement are placed at the bottom of the ladle, the first specification stirring process is assisted after the metal matrix melt is poured, so that the ceramic composite particles are conveniently dispersed and infiltrated in the metal matrix melt, the ceramic composite particles can gradually float up under the stirring action due to the existence of air gaps and relatively low density, the stirring with the first specification is favorable for dispersing the ceramic composite particles, and the shorter stirring time further avoids the excessive floating of the ceramic particles.
3. After the stirring of the first specification is finished, the casting ladle is air-cooled, so that the metal matrix is gradually solidified, the floating resistance of the ceramic composite particles at the bottom is increased, and after the stirring of the second specification is fully carried out, the ceramic composite particles are uniformly dispersed in the metal matrix, and meanwhile, the metal matrix molten liquid is gradually in a semi-solidification state, so that the prepared composite material has more uniform performance.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
The first implementation mode comprises the following steps: a method for preparing a metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material, comprising:
step 1, preparing ceramic particles with the particle diameter of a first size and metal-based powder with the particle diameter of a second size, wherein the first size is 5 times of the second size;
step 2, fully mixing the ceramic particles with the particle size diameter of a first size and the metal-based powder with the particle size diameter of a second size, adding a binder into the mixed powder, putting the mixed powder into a ball mill, performing ball milling and uniform mixing, and pressing the uniformly mixed powder mixture into blocks by using an isostatic press under certain pressure to obtain a first pressing block;
step 3, degreasing the first pressing block at a preset first temperature for 1 hour, heating to a second temperature for roasting, naturally cooling to a third temperature after roasting is finished, crushing the roasted pressing block, and screening out ceramic composite particles meeting the requirement of a third size on the particle size diameter, wherein the third size is larger than the second size;
step 4, uniformly paving the ceramic composite particles with the third size at the bottom of the casting ladle, then pouring the metal matrix melt into the casting ladle, stirring the casting ladle with the first specification for the first time after the metal matrix melt is poured, and then stirring the casting ladle with the second specification under the air cooling condition to prepare semi-solid slurry until the solid phase rate of metal in the casting ladle reaches 0.4;
step 5, casting a required composite blank by adopting a semi-solid casting process;
and 6, carrying out heat treatment on the cast composite blank, and grinding and cutting to obtain the required metal matrix ceramic composite material.
Further, the first size ceramic particles may be Al2O3、TiO2、SiO2、SiC、Si3N4、ZrO2、B4C、Y2O3The metal matrix is cast steel, the binder is liquid paraffin, the first size is 50 micrometers, the second size is 10 micrometers, the third size is 90 micrometers, the first temperature is 150 ℃, the second temperature is 800 ℃, the third temperature is 700 ℃, the first time is 5min, the first specification stirring adopts electromagnetic stirring, and the second specification stirring adopts mechanical stirring.
The second embodiment: a method for preparing a metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material, comprising:
step 1, preparing ceramic particles with the particle diameter of a first size and metal-based powder with the particle diameter of a second size, wherein the first size is 10 times of the second size;
step 2, fully mixing the ceramic particles with the particle size diameter of a first size and the metal-based powder with the particle size diameter of a second size, adding a binder into the mixed powder, putting the mixed powder into a ball mill, performing ball milling and uniform mixing, and pressing the uniformly mixed powder mixture into blocks by using an isostatic press under certain pressure to obtain a first pressing block;
step 3, degreasing the first pressing block at a preset first temperature for 2 hours, heating to a second temperature for roasting, naturally cooling to a third temperature after roasting is finished, crushing the roasted pressing block, and screening out ceramic composite particles meeting the requirement of a third size on the particle size diameter, wherein the third size is larger than the second size;
step 4, uniformly paving the ceramic composite particles with the third size at the bottom of a casting ladle, then pouring the molten metal matrix into the casting ladle, stirring the casting ladle with the first specification for the first time after the molten metal is poured, and then stirring the casting ladle with the second specification under the air cooling condition to prepare semi-solid slurry until the solid phase rate of metal in the casting ladle reaches 0.5;
step 5, casting a required composite blank by adopting a semi-solid casting process;
and 6, carrying out heat treatment on the cast composite blank, and grinding and cutting to obtain the required metal matrix ceramic composite material.
Further, the first size ceramic particles may be Al2O3、TiO2、SiO2、SiC、Si3N4、ZrO2、B4C、Y2O3The metal substrate is cast steel, the binder is a mixture of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and low-density polyethylene, the first size is 150 micrometers, the second size is 15 micrometers, the third size is 130 micrometers, the first temperature is 400 ℃, the second temperature is 1300 ℃, the third temperature is 900 ℃, the first time is 2min, mechanical stirring is adopted for stirring in the first specification, and the second specification is regularMechanical stirring is adopted for stirring.
Example three: a method for preparing a metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material, comprising:
step 1, preparing ceramic particles with the particle diameter of a first size and metal-based powder with the particle diameter of a second size, wherein the first size is 5 times of the second size;
step 2, fully mixing the ceramic particles with the particle size diameter of a first size and the metal-based powder with the particle size diameter of a second size, adding a binder into the mixed powder, putting the mixed powder into a ball mill, performing ball milling and uniform mixing, and pressing the uniformly mixed powder mixture into blocks by using an isostatic press under certain pressure to obtain a first pressing block;
step 3, degreasing the first pressing block at a preset first temperature for 1.5 hours, heating to a second temperature for roasting, naturally cooling to a third temperature after roasting is finished, crushing the roasted pressing block, and screening out ceramic composite particles meeting the requirement of a third size on the particle size diameter, wherein the third size is larger than the second size;
step 4, uniformly paving the ceramic composite particles with the third size at the bottom of the casting ladle, then pouring the metal matrix melt into the casting ladle, stirring the casting ladle with the first specification for the first time after the metal matrix melt is poured, and then stirring the casting ladle with the second specification under the air cooling condition to prepare semi-solid slurry until the solid phase rate of metal in the casting ladle reaches 0.46;
step 5, casting a required composite blank by adopting a semi-solid casting process;
and 6, carrying out heat treatment on the cast composite blank, and grinding and cutting to obtain the required metal matrix ceramic composite material.
Further, the first size ceramic particles may be Al2O3、TiO2、SiO2、SiC、Si3N4、ZrO2、B4C、Y2O3The metal matrix is Al alloy, and the binder is liquid stoneA mixture of wax and ethylene bis stearamide, the first size being 150 μm, the second size being 30 μm, the third size being 110 μm, the first temperature being 200 ℃, the second temperature being 450 ℃, the third temperature being 380 ℃; the first time is 4min, the first specification stirring is electromagnetic stirring or mechanical stirring, and the second specification stirring is mechanical stirring.
Example four: a method for preparing a metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material, comprising:
step 1, preparing ceramic particles with the particle diameter of a first size and metal-based powder with the particle diameter of a second size, wherein the first size is 8 times of the second size;
step 2, fully mixing the ceramic particles with the particle size diameter of a first size and the metal-based powder with the particle size diameter of a second size, adding a binder into the mixed powder, putting the mixed powder into a ball mill, performing ball milling and uniform mixing, and pressing the uniformly mixed powder mixture into blocks by using an isostatic press under certain pressure to obtain a first pressing block;
step 3, degreasing the first pressing block at a preset first temperature for 2 hours, heating to a second temperature for roasting, naturally cooling to a third temperature after roasting is finished, crushing the roasted pressing block, and screening out ceramic composite particles meeting the requirement of a third size on the particle size diameter, wherein the third size is larger than the second size;
step 4, uniformly paving the ceramic composite particles with the third size at the bottom of the casting ladle, then pouring the metal matrix melt into the casting ladle, stirring the casting ladle with the first specification for the first time after the metal matrix melt is poured, and then stirring the casting ladle with the second specification under the air cooling condition to prepare semi-solid slurry until the solid phase rate of metal in the casting ladle reaches 0.4;
step 5, casting a required composite blank by adopting a semi-solid casting process;
and 6, carrying out heat treatment on the cast composite blank, and grinding and cutting to obtain the required metal matrix ceramic composite material.
Further, the first size ceramic particles may be Al2O3、TiO2、SiO2、SiC、Si3N4、ZrO2、B4C、Y2O3The metal substrate is Cu alloy, the binder is low-density polyethylene, the first size is 80 mu m, the second size is 18 mu m, and the third size is 100 mu m, wherein the first temperature is 300 ℃, the second temperature is 900 ℃, and the third temperature is 750 ℃; the first time is 3min, the first specification stirring is electromagnetic stirring or mechanical stirring, and the second specification stirring is mechanical stirring.
Compared with the composite material prepared by the common powder metallurgy process and the casting process, the metal-based ceramic particle reinforced composite material prepared by the process has the advantages that in the aspect of wear resistance thinning test under the same condition, the thinning degree can be reduced by 20-40%, and the wear resistance is greatly improved; through metallographic structure microscopic observation, the number of composite interface cracks counted under unit size is obviously reduced.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the metal-based ceramic particle reinforced composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, preparing ceramic particles with the particle diameter of a first size and metal-based powder with the particle diameter of a second size, wherein the first size is 5-10 times of the second size;
step 2, fully mixing the ceramic particles with the particle size diameter of a first size and the metal-based powder with the particle size diameter of a second size, adding a binder into the mixed powder, putting the mixed powder into a ball mill, performing ball milling and uniform mixing, and pressing the uniformly mixed powder mixture into blocks by using an isostatic press under certain pressure to obtain a first pressing block;
step 3, degreasing the first pressing block at a preset first temperature for 1-2 hours, heating to a second temperature for roasting, naturally cooling to a third temperature after roasting is finished, crushing the roasted pressing block, and screening out ceramic composite particles meeting the requirement of a third size on the particle size diameter, wherein the third size is larger than the second size;
step 4, uniformly paving the ceramic composite particles with the third size at the bottom of the casting ladle, then pouring the metal matrix melt into the casting ladle, stirring the casting ladle with the first specification for the first time after the metal matrix melt is poured, and then stirring the casting ladle with the second specification under the air cooling condition to prepare semi-solid slurry until the solid phase rate of metal in the casting ladle reaches 0.4-0.5;
step 5, casting a required composite blank by adopting a semi-solid casting process;
step 6, carrying out heat treatment on the cast composite blank, and grinding and cutting to obtain the required metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material;
the ceramic particles of the first size are Al2O3、TiO2、SiO2、SiC、Si3N4、ZrO2、B4C、Y2O3The metal matrix is any one or more of cast iron, cast steel, Al alloy, Cu alloy, Zn alloy, Ti alloy and Ni alloy;
the first size is 50-150 mu m, the second size is less than or equal to 30 mu m, the third size is 90-130 mu m, the first time is 2-5min, and the heat treatment process is quenching and low-temperature tempering.
2. The method of preparing a metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the first size is 80-120 μm, the second size is 10-25 μm, and the third size is 100-110 μm.
3. The method of preparing a metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the metal matrix is cast iron or cast steel, the binder is one or more of liquid paraffin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and low-density polyethylene, the first temperature is 150-.
4. The method of preparing a metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the metal matrix is Al alloy, the binder is one or more of a mixture of liquid paraffin and ethylene bis stearamide, polyvinyl alcohol, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and low-density polyethylene, the first temperature is 150-.
5. The method of preparing a metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the metal matrix is Cu alloy, the binder is one or more of liquid paraffin, polyvinyl alcohol, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and low-density polyethylene, the first temperature is 150-400 ℃, the second temperature is 800-900 ℃, and the third temperature is 700-750 ℃.
6. The method of preparing a metal matrix ceramic particle reinforced composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the first specification stirring is electromagnetic stirring or mechanical stirring, and the second specification stirring is mechanical stirring.
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| CN114807640B (en) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-04-18 | 深圳市知行新材料科技有限公司 | Metal-based ceramic reinforced composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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