CN111181236A - Multi-source system split-mode operation control method based on super-capacitor voltage range - Google Patents

Multi-source system split-mode operation control method based on super-capacitor voltage range Download PDF

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CN111181236A
CN111181236A CN202010017067.1A CN202010017067A CN111181236A CN 111181236 A CN111181236 A CN 111181236A CN 202010017067 A CN202010017067 A CN 202010017067A CN 111181236 A CN111181236 A CN 111181236A
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power
current
bus
super capacitor
voltage
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张云
张伟
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/10—Temporary overload
    • B60L2260/16—Temporary overload of electrical drive trains
    • B60L2260/162—Temporary overload of electrical drive trains of electrical cells or capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-source system split-mode operation control method based on a super-capacitor voltage range, which comprises the following steps: comparing the processed current reference with a current signal obtained after sampling by a current sensor to obtain an error current, processing the error current by a current controller of a PI (proportional-integral) to obtain a duty ratio signal, generating a series of driving signals by a PWM (pulse-width modulation) signal generator to drive a power switch of a converter, and maintaining the bus voltage to be stabilized at a reference value; the reference current of the super capacitor subjected to current amplitude limiting is subtracted from the current of the super capacitor and then is sent to a signal generator under the action of a PI current controller, and a series of driving signals are generated to control the output power of a connected converter; the product of the direct current bus voltage and the bus current is the direct current bus power, the power battery power setting is obtained after the direct current bus voltage and the bus current pass through the low-pass filter, and the super capacitor power setting is obtained by subtracting the power battery power setting after the direct current bus power processing. The invention realizes the purposes that the power battery provides low-frequency power and the super capacitor responds to high-frequency power.

Description

Multi-source system split-mode operation control method based on super-capacitor voltage range
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of control of power electronic technology, in particular to a multisource system split-mode operation control method based on a super-capacitor voltage range.
Background
With the exhaustion of traditional petrochemical energy and the aggravation of environmental pollution and the improvement of the demand of people for automobiles in daily life, electric automobiles are one of the marked products of new energy industries, and the development of the electric automobiles is concerned. The power system structure of the electric automobile is characterized in that a vehicle-mounted direct current bus structure is directly connected in parallel with a power battery, the direct current bus structure is connected to the power battery through a bidirectional direct current converter interface, and then the direct current bus structure is connected to the power battery and a super capacitor to form a multi-source system interface direct current bus. The power battery has high energy density, but the power density is low; and the super capacitor has high power density but low energy density. The multi-source system combines the advantages of a power battery and a super capacitor, makes up for the disadvantages, has the characteristics of high energy density and power density, and has high response speed. At present, the service life of the electric automobile is mainly determined by the service life of a power battery, and the service life of the power battery can be prolonged by a multi-source system, because the impact current of the power battery can be taken in and out by a super capacitor, the output pressure of the power battery is reduced.
The power assembly structure of the electric automobile comprises a passive structure in which a power battery is directly connected with a direct-current bus, a semi-active structure in which one of the power battery and a super capacitor is connected with the direct-current bus through a bidirectional direct-current converter, and an active structure in which the power battery and the super capacitor are connected with the direct-current bus through the bidirectional direct-current converter. The passive structure does not need a converter, the power battery is directly connected with a direct current bus in parallel, a plurality of battery units are required to be connected in series and parallel to form a high-voltage power battery, the voltage grade is matched with the voltage of the bus, and the output characteristic is completely determined by a load. The active structure is provided with two bidirectional direct current converters, so that the output characteristics of the power battery and the super capacitor can be controlled by the bidirectional direct current converters, and the utilization rate of an energy source is greatly improved. The semi-active structure is between the passive type and the active type, only one converter is needed, the common super capacitor is connected with a direct current bus through a bidirectional direct current converter, the power battery is directly connected with the bus in parallel, but the charging and discharging characteristics of the super capacitor can only be controlled, and the power battery is lack of monitoring protection and energy management.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-source system split-mode operation control method based on a super-capacitor voltage range, which adopts a split-mode operation control strategy to control an electric vehicle power battery-super-capacitor multi-source system, and simultaneously, in order to ensure that the multi-source system can stably work for a long time, seven operation modes are divided according to the voltage range of a super-capacitor and the working condition of the power battery long-term limit power, so that the energy management of the multi-source system is realized, and the following description is provided:
a multi-source system split-mode operation control method based on a super-capacitor voltage range comprises the following steps:
1) high-voltage side voltage U of bidirectional direct-current converter connected with power batteryhighAnd bus voltage reference
Figure BDA0002359290690000021
Comparing to obtain an error voltage, and processing the error voltage by a PI voltage controller to obtain a low-voltage side current reference of the power battery
Figure BDA0002359290690000022
Limiting the current reference to the maximum current accepted by the converter, processing the current reference and obtaining a current signal I after sampling by the current sensorbatComparing to obtain error current, processing the error current by PI current controller to obtain duty ratio signal, generating a series of driving signals by PWM signal generator to drive power switch of converter, and maintaining bus voltage at reference value
Figure BDA0002359290690000023
2) Super capacitor terminal voltage UscAnd super capacitor current IscThe reference current of the super capacitor is obtained by processing the sampled sensor by a conditioning circuit
Figure BDA0002359290690000024
Power command obtained after power distribution
Figure BDA0002359290690000025
Calculating to obtain the reference current of the super capacitor after current amplitude limiting
Figure BDA0002359290690000026
And super capacitor current IscAfter subtractionSending into PWM signal generator via PI current controller to generate a series of driving signals to control output power P of the connected convertersc；
3) DC bus voltage UbusAnd bus current IbusThe product of (a) is the DC bus power PbusObtaining the power of the power battery through a low-pass filter
Figure BDA0002359290690000027
DC bus power PbusSubtracting the power battery power setting after treatment
Figure BDA0002359290690000028
Obtaining given power of super capacitor
Figure BDA0002359290690000029
The method further comprises the following steps:
the power battery-super capacitor multi-source system of the electric automobile is divided into seven modes based on bus power and super capacitor voltage parameters.
The seven modes are respectively as follows:
when the DC bus power Pbus>At 0, the following four working modes are divided into:
mode 1: u shapescAt [ U ]h,Usc max]The super capacitor is fully charged;
mode 2: u shapescAt [ U ]l,Uh) The super capacitor can release energy and absorb energy, and the power battery and the super capacitor output power in a frequency division manner;
mode 3: u shapescIs at [0, Ul) If the super capacitor is in short of power, if Pbus>PthIf the power battery outputs the full power, the super capacitor does not output the power;
mode 4: based on pattern 3, if Pbus≤PthIf the power battery supplies energy to the direct current bus, the power battery supplies energy to the super capacitor;
when the DC bus power PbusWhen the pressure is less than or equal to 0, the operation is divided into the following three operationsMode (2):
mode 5: u shapescAt [ U ]2,Usc max) The super capacitor is fully charged;
mode 6: u shapescAt [ U ]l,Uh) The super capacitor has capacity to absorb feedback energy, and the power battery and the super capacitor absorb energy by frequency division;
mode 7: u shapescIs at [0, Ul) And the electric quantity of the super capacitor is seriously insufficient, the energy fed back by braking is completely absorbed by the super capacitor, and the power battery charges the super capacitor.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, by sampling the voltage of the super capacitor and the bus power, the working condition of the multi-source system is divided into seven full-working-condition operation modes, so that the voltage of the super capacitor is always in a reliable working voltage range;
2. the invention realizes the frequency division control of the power battery and the super capacitor by using the low-pass function, thereby realizing the aims of providing low-frequency power by the power battery and responding high-frequency power by the super capacitor, prolonging the service life of the power battery and improving the long-term working reliability of the multi-source system.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a double-loop control block diagram of a converter connected with a power battery;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a current loop control of a converter to which a super capacitor is connected;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of power distribution of a power battery and a super capacitor;
FIG. 4 is a power distribution operation control block diagram;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of multi-source system split-mode operation.
The main symbol names in the above figures:
s is the laplace operator;
Kpu、Kiuproportional coefficient and integral coefficient respectively controlled by a voltage loop of a converter connected with the power battery;
Kpi、Kiiproportional system for current loop control of converter connected with power batteryNumber, integral coefficient;
Kp、Kiproportional coefficient and integral coefficient respectively controlled by a current loop of a converter connected with the super capacitor;
Ubus、Ibus、Pbusthe direct current bus voltage, the bus current and the bus load power;
Usc、Isc、Pscthe output voltage, the output current and the output power of the super capacitor are respectively;
Pbatis the output power of the power battery, PthIs the maximum long-term discharge power allowed by the power battery,
Figure BDA0002359290690000031
is used as a power reference of the power battery,
Figure BDA0002359290690000032
is a super capacitor power reference;
Ulis the insufficient voltage threshold of the super capacitor, UhIs the full voltage threshold of the super capacitor, USCmaxIs the maximum voltage of the super capacitor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
The invention adopts a full active structure multi-source system and completely controls the output characteristics of the power battery and the super capacitor, thereby fully utilizing the capacity of the multi-source system and improving the utilization rate of system energy.
The control strategy of the multi-source system adopts a power distribution control strategy, namely, the direct current bus power is distributed to each energy source according to the requirement. When the power is suddenly changed, if a special control strategy is not adopted, the power battery and the super capacitor can absorb or release the power instantly. For the storage battery, the number of charge and discharge cycles is limited, and the service life of the storage battery is shortened by instantaneous large current, so that in order to fully utilize the characteristics of quick response and large number of charge and discharge times of the super capacitor, a power frequency division distribution principle is generally adopted, namely the power battery provides low-frequency power, the super capacitor provides high-frequency power, and the output pressure of the power battery is relieved.
In order to ensure that the multi-source system can realize the power frequency division function and simultaneously ensure the stable bus voltage, the invention adopts a mode-division operation control strategy to control the multi-source system of the power battery and the super capacitor of the electric automobile. The multi-source system detects the bus power through the upper computer, divides a bus power signal into low-frequency power and high-frequency power through the low-pass filter, and respectively transmits the low-frequency power and the high-frequency power to the power battery and the controller of the bidirectional direct-current converter connected with the super capacitor, so that power frequency division control is realized. Meanwhile, in order to ensure that the multi-source system can work stably for a long time, seven operation modes are divided according to the voltage range of the super capacitor and the working condition of the long-term limit power of the power battery, and energy management of the multi-source system is achieved.
Example 1
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a multisource system split-mode operation control method based on a super-capacitor voltage range, which comprises the following steps of:
1) as shown in FIG. 1, the power battery is connected with the high-voltage side voltage U of the bidirectional DC converterhighSampling by voltage sensor, sending to control chip, and comparing with bus voltage reference
Figure BDA0002359290690000041
Comparing to obtain an error voltage, and processing the error voltage through a PI voltage controller to obtain a low-voltage side current reference of the power battery
Figure BDA0002359290690000042
In order to protect the converter, a current limit is performed on the current reference to prevent the current from being too large, if the calculated current reference is too large in the forward direction or too large in the reverse direction, the current reference is limited to the maximum current received by the converter, and the current reference is not limited in other cases. The processed current reference and the current signal I obtained after the sampling of the current sensorbatComparing to obtain error current, and processing the error current by PI current controller to obtain duty ratio signal dBoost(Positive boost pressure), dBuck(reverse voltage reduction), the duty ratio signal generates a series of driving signals through a PWM signal generator to drive a power switch of the converter, and the bus voltage is maintained to be stable at a reference value
Figure BDA0002359290690000043
2) As shown in fig. 2, the terminal voltage U of the super capacitorscAnd super capacitor current IscThe reference current of the super capacitor is obtained by processing the sampled sensor by a conditioning circuit
Figure BDA0002359290690000044
Power command obtained after power distribution
Figure BDA0002359290690000045
Calculating to obtain the reference current of the super capacitor after current amplitude limiting
Figure BDA0002359290690000046
And super capacitor current IscAfter subtraction, the signals are fed into a PWM signal generator under the action of a PI current controller to generate a series of driving signals to control the output power P of the connected convertersc。
3) DC bus voltage UbusAnd bus current IbusThe product of (a) is the power P required by the DC busbus. Bus power PbusObtaining the power of the power battery through a low-pass filter
Figure BDA0002359290690000051
Because the bus power contains high-frequency power components caused by sudden load change, signal interference and the like, and high-frequency current generated by the high-frequency power components influences the long-term performance and the service life of the power battery, the low-pass filter is used for filtering the high-frequency power components to smooth the current of the power battery. Bus power PbusSubtracting the power battery power setting after treatment
Figure BDA0002359290690000052
Obtaining given power of super capacitor
Figure BDA0002359290690000053
Because the service life of the super capacitor is far longer than that of the power battery, the high-frequency power component is completely absorbed or released by the super capacitor to achieve power balance.
Example 2
According to a new control strategy provided by the invention in the figure 5, the power frequency division control shown in the figures 3 and 4 is combined to realize the mode-divided operation of the multi-source system of the electric automobile, the multi-source system is divided into seven modes, and the full working condition of the electric automobile is covered.
DC bus power P in FIG. 3busAfter the low-pass filter function processing, slowly-changing low-frequency power P is obtainedbatThe power battery provides power, the slowly-changing power can avoid the impact of current, influence the service performance of the power battery, and effectively prolong the service life of the power battery. In the multi-source system of the electric automobile, the power battery and the super capacitor jointly provide power P for the vehicle-mounted direct current busbus. According to the conservation of power, the super capacitor is used for providing direct current bus power PbusDifference power P with output power of power batteryscI.e. the super capacitor is used to take up the remaining high frequency power.
Fig. 4 is a power distribution schematic diagram of a power battery and a super capacitor in a multi-source system, when the load power of a direct current bus suddenly increases, the power response of the power battery is slow due to the action of a low-pass filter, and therefore the output power of the power battery slowly increases until the power of the direct current bus is completely provided by the power battery at a steady state. During the period, the super capacitor quickly responds to the difference power P between the direct current bus and the power batteryscWhen the power battery power is slowly increased, the output power of the super capacitor is gradually reduced to zero, namely the super capacitor does not provide power in a steady state. When the load power of the direct current bus is suddenly reduced, similarly, under the action of the low-pass filter, the output power of the power battery is slowly reduced to the power of the direct current bus, and the super capacitor quickly responds to the power and quickly absorbs the differential power PscAnd until a new steady state comes, the power battery continues to provide the power of the direct current bus, and the super capacitor does not work.
In actual operation, the voltage of the storage battery is basically stable, and the voltage variation range of the super capacitor is large, so that the direct current bus power P of the electric automobilebusAnd super capacitor voltage UscIs an important parameter for the operation of the multi-source system of the electric automobile. Based on bus power and super-capacitor voltage parameters, a split-mode operation control strategy is proposed, and an electric vehicle power battery-super-capacitor multi-source system is subdivided into the following seven modes, as shown in fig. 5, Pbus>When the power is 0, the bus absorbs the power of multiple sources, and the electric automobile runs in a mode 1, 2, 3 or 4; pbusWhen the bus feedback power is less than or equal to 0, the bus feedback power is supplied to multiple sources, and the electric automobile runs in modes 5, 6 and 7.
When the DC bus power Pbus>And when the voltage is 0, the bus load absorbs power, and the four working modes are divided into the following four working modes according to the voltage range of the super capacitor and the power threshold of the power battery for allowing long-term discharge.
Mode 1: u shapescAt [ U ]h,Usc max]When the super capacitor is fully charged, the super capacitor may not have enough space to store the feedback energy, assuming that the electric vehicle brakes at the next moment. In order to make the super capacitor have enough capacity space to absorb the feedback energy generated by braking of the electric automobile, the super capacitor alone supplies the energy required by load surge at this stage, and the power battery is only used for maintaining the bus voltage.
Mode 2: u shapescAt [ U ]l,Uh) At the moment, the super capacitor is in a proper voltage state, energy can be released and absorbed, the power battery and the super capacitor output power in a frequency division mode, and the power battery outputs power when the power is stable.
Mode 3: u shapescIs at [0, Ul) If the super capacitor is insufficient, it is not suitable for discharging electricity, if Pbus>PthAnd if the power battery is not powered, the super capacitor does not output power, and the power battery outputs all power.
Mode 4: based on pattern 3, if Pbus≤PthWhen the power battery supplies energy to the direct-current bus, the power battery also supplies energy to the super capacitor, so that the voltage of the super capacitor is quickly recovered to be properVoltage range.
When the DC bus power PbusWhen the current is less than or equal to 0, the bus load feedback power shows that the motor of the electric automobile is in a regenerative braking operation mode at the moment, and the fed-back bus power is used for multi-source absorption, so that the utilization rate of energy is improved. The method is divided into the following three working modes according to the voltage range of the super capacitor.
Mode 5: u shapescAt [ U ]2,Usc max) At the moment, the super capacitor is fully charged and is not suitable for absorbing energy, and the power battery absorbs braking energy.
Mode 6: u shapescAt [ U ]l,Uh) At the moment, the super capacitor has a certain capacity to absorb the feedback energy, and the power battery and the super capacitor absorb the energy in a frequency division manner.
Mode 7: u shapescIs at [0, Ul) At the moment, the electric quantity of the super capacitor is seriously insufficient, the braking feedback energy is completely absorbed by the super capacitor, and meanwhile, the power battery also charges the super capacitor.
In conclusion, the multi-source system split-mode operation control method based on the super-capacitor voltage range provided by the invention not only obviously reduces the current impact of the power battery and realizes the power frequency division of the power battery and the super-capacitor, but also divides the multi-source system into seven operation modes according to the super-capacitor voltage, prevents the super-capacitor from being overcharged or overdischarged, and effectively ensures the long-term stable operation of the multi-source system. The control strategy is simple to control, and has a good application prospect in the aspect of multi-source system energy management of the electric automobile.
In the embodiment of the present invention, except for the specific description of the model of each device, the model of other devices is not limited, as long as the device can perform the above functions.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the drawings are only schematic illustrations of preferred embodiments, and the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely provided for description and do not represent the merits of the embodiments.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (3)

1. A multi-source system split-mode operation control method based on a super-capacitor voltage range is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) high-voltage side voltage U of bidirectional direct-current converter connected with power batteryhighAnd bus voltage reference
Figure FDA0002359290680000011
Comparing to obtain an error voltage, and processing the error voltage by a PI voltage controller to obtain a low-voltage side current reference of the power battery
Figure FDA0002359290680000012
Limiting the current reference to the maximum current accepted by the converter, processing the current reference and obtaining a current signal I after sampling by the current sensorbatComparing to obtain error current, processing the error current by PI current controller to obtain duty ratio signal, generating a series of driving signals by PWM signal generator to drive power switch of converter, and maintaining bus voltage at reference value
Figure FDA0002359290680000013
2) Super capacitor terminal voltage UscAnd super capacitor current IscThe reference current of the super capacitor is obtained by processing the sampled sensor by a conditioning circuit
Figure FDA0002359290680000014
Power command obtained after power distribution
Figure FDA0002359290680000015
Calculating to obtain the reference current of the super capacitor after current amplitude limiting
Figure FDA0002359290680000016
With super-capacitorStream IscAfter subtraction, the signals are fed into a PWM signal generator under the action of a PI current controller to generate a series of driving signals to control the output power P of the connected convertersc；
3) DC bus voltage UbusAnd bus current IbusThe product of (a) is the DC bus power PbusObtaining the power of the power battery through a low-pass filter
Figure FDA0002359290680000017
DC bus power PbusSubtracting the power battery power setting after treatment
Figure FDA0002359290680000018
Obtaining given power of super capacitor
Figure FDA0002359290680000019
2. The multi-source system split-mode operation control method based on the super-capacitor voltage range according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising the following steps:
the power battery-super capacitor multi-source system of the electric automobile is divided into seven modes based on bus power and super capacitor voltage parameters.
3. The multi-source system split-mode operation control method based on the super-capacitor voltage range according to claim 2, wherein the seven modes are respectively as follows:
when the DC bus power Pbus>At 0, the following four working modes are divided into:
mode 1: u shapescAt [ U ]h,Usc max]The super capacitor is fully charged;
mode 2: u shapescAt [ U ]l,Uh) The super capacitor can release energy and absorb energy, and the power battery and the super capacitor output power in a frequency division manner;
mode 3: u shapescIs at [0, Ul) Super, superIf the capacitor is short of power, Pbus>PthIf the power battery outputs the full power, the super capacitor does not output the power;
mode 4: based on pattern 3, if Pbus≤PthIf the power battery supplies energy to the direct current bus, the power battery supplies energy to the super capacitor;
when the DC bus power PbusWhen the working mode is less than or equal to 0, the working modes are divided into the following three working modes:
mode 5: u shapescAt [ U ]2,Usc max) The super capacitor is fully charged;
mode 6: u shapescAt [ U ]l,Uh) The super capacitor has capacity to absorb feedback energy, and the power battery and the super capacitor absorb energy by frequency division;
mode 7: u shapescIs at [0, Ul) And the electric quantity of the super capacitor is seriously insufficient, the energy fed back by braking is completely absorbed by the super capacitor, and the power battery charges the super capacitor.
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