CN111180663A - Negative electrode material and preparation method thereof, negative plate and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Negative electrode material and preparation method thereof, negative plate and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111180663A CN111180663A CN201811344649.XA CN201811344649A CN111180663A CN 111180663 A CN111180663 A CN 111180663A CN 201811344649 A CN201811344649 A CN 201811344649A CN 111180663 A CN111180663 A CN 111180663A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof, a negative electrode piece and a lithium ion battery, wherein the preparation method of the negative electrode material comprises the following steps: according to the molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element (4.8-5.0): (4-4.2) mixing a titanium source and a lithium source in proportion to form a mixed material; calcining the mixed material to form lithium titanate powder; mixing the lithium titanate powder with a silicon source, and mixing the materials by a wet method to form slurry; and drying the slurry to prepare the cathode material. The invention can greatly improve the gram capacity and the charge-discharge cycle performance of the cathode material and improve the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage devices, in particular to a negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof, a negative plate and a lithium ion battery.
Background
With the development of the current demand for batteries, the lithium ion battery is the best novel power supply developed in the last decade, and has the characteristics of high voltage, high energy density, excellent cycle performance and the like, so that the development of electric vehicles is rapidly promoted, and the large-amplitude demand for the lithium ion battery in various places of the society is promoted.
In the prior art, the lithium ion battery prepared by using a lithium titanate material has a lower gram capacity, so that the energy density of the lithium titanate battery is limited, and when a simple silicon material is used as a negative electrode material of the lithium ion battery, the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a negative electrode material, a preparation method thereof, a negative electrode sheet and a lithium ion battery, and improves gram capacity of the negative electrode material and cycle performance of the lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing an anode material, including:
according to the molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element (4.8-5.0): (4-4.2) mixing a titanium source and a lithium source in proportion to form a mixed material;
calcining the mixed material to form lithium titanate powder;
mixing the lithium titanate powder with a silicon source, and mixing the materials by a wet method to form slurry;
and drying the slurry to prepare the cathode material.
Optionally, the molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element is 4: 5.
optionally, the titanium source is selected from TiO2And metatitanic acid;
and/or
The lithium source is selected from Li2CO3。
Optionally, the lithium in the mixed material is in excess percentage of 0.5-1.5% relative to the theoretical mass;
preferably, the percentage excess of lithium with respect to its theoretical mass is 1.5%.
Optionally, the molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element is (4.8-5.0): (4-4.2) mixing the titanium source and the lithium source specifically:
according to the molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element (4.8-5.0): (4-4.2) weighing a titanium source and a lithium source according to the proportion;
and mixing the titanium source and the lithium source by a dry mixing mode.
Optionally, the mixing time of the dry mixing method is 3-6 hours;
preferably, the mixing time of the dry mixing method is 5 hours.
Optionally, calcining the mixed material to form lithium titanate powder, specifically:
placing the mixed material in a SiC sagger;
and placing the container in a high-temperature furnace for calcining to form the lithium titanate powder.
Optionally, the temperature rising manner for calcining the mixed material is as follows:
heating to the calcining temperature from room temperature at a heating rate of 90-150 ℃/h;
keeping the temperature for 2-6 hours;
wherein the calcining temperature is 850-930 ℃;
preferably, the heating rate is 120 ℃/h; and/or the calcination temperature is 870 ℃.
Optionally, the lithium titanate powder is mixed with a silicon raw material, and the mixture is mixed by a wet mixing method to form a slurry, specifically:
mixing the lithium titanate powder with a silicon raw material;
adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol to form a solid-liquid mixture;
mixing by a disperser to form the slurry.
Alternatively,
the dispersion speed of the dispersion machine is 1500 rpm-2500 rpm during mixing;
preferably, the dispersion speed of the disperser at the time of mixing is 1800 rmp;
and/or
The dispersing time of the dispersion machine is 4 to 8 hours during mixing;
preferably, the time for dispersing using the dispersing machine at the time of mixing is 5 hours.
And/or
In the solid-liquid mixture, the percentage of the solid content is 25% -40%.
Optionally, the slurry is dried, specifically:
drying the slurry by a spray drying tower.
The second aspect of the invention provides an anode material prepared by the preparation method of any one of the above.
A third aspect of the present invention provides a negative electrode sheet, the material of which is selected from the negative electrode materials described above.
A fourth aspect of the invention provides a lithium ion battery comprising the negative electrode sheet as described above.
According to the preparation method of the cathode material, the titanium source and the lithium source are mixed according to a certain proportion, the mixture is sintered to synthesize lithium titanate powder, then the silicon raw material is added into the lithium titanate powder through a wet mixing mode, and then the lithium titanate powder is dried to form the cathode material. Because the silicon source is added, compared with a pure lithium titanate material or a silicon material as the negative electrode material, the gram capacity and the charge-discharge cycle performance of the negative electrode material can be greatly improved, and the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery is improved.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 shows an SEM spectrum of an anode material prepared by the method for preparing an anode material provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the EDS scan results at A in FIG. 1;
fig. 3 shows an XRD spectrum of the anode material prepared by the method for preparing the anode material provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 shows a multiplying power and cycle curve of the anode material prepared by the method for preparing the anode material provided by the invention;
fig. 5 shows a median voltage curve of the anode material prepared by the method for preparing the anode material provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described below based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to only these examples. In the following detailed description of the present invention, certain specific details are set forth in order to avoid obscuring the nature of the present invention, well-known methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail.
Further, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the drawings provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words "comprise", "comprising", and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is, what is meant is "including, but not limited to".
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The application provides a preparation method of an anode material, which comprises the following steps:
s1: mixing raw materials: according to the molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element (4.8-5.0): (4-4.2) mixing a titanium source and a lithium source in a ratio to form a mixed material, wherein the molar ratio can be 4.8: 4. 5.0: 4.1, 5.0: 4.2, etc.;
s2: sintering and synthesizing: calcining the mixed material to form lithium titanate powder;
s3: and (3) wet mixing: mixing lithium titanate powder and a silicon source, and mixing the materials through a wet mixing method to form slurry, wherein the silicon source is a nano-grade material;
s4: spray granulation: and drying the slurry to prepare the negative electrode material.
According to the preparation method of the cathode material, a titanium source and a lithium source are mixed according to a certain proportion, and are sintered to synthesize lithium titanate powder, then a silicon raw material is added into the lithium titanate powder through a wet mixing mode, and then the lithium titanate powder is dried to form the cathode material. Because the silicon source is added, compared with a pure lithium titanate material or a silicon material as the negative electrode material, the gram capacity and the charge-discharge cycle performance of the negative electrode material can be greatly improved, and the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery is improved.
The molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element is preferably 4:5, the performance of the anode material obtained in the mode is better.
The titanium source may be selected from TiO2And metatitanic acid; and the lithium source may be selected from Li2CO3While these materials are readily available, it is understood that the titanium source and the lithium source may be selected from other materials.
In addition, the excess percentage of lithium in the mixed material in the S1 is 0.5-1.5% relative to the theoretical mass, such as 0.5%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, 1.5% and the like; preferably, the lithium is present in an excess percentage of 1.5% with respect to its theoretical mass, in order to improve the properties of the negative electrode material formed.
In S1, the molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element is (4.8-5.0): (4-4.2)) mixing a titanium source and a lithium source specifically:
s11: according to the molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element (4.8-5.0): (4-4.2) weighing a titanium source and a lithium source according to the proportion;
s12: the titanium source and the lithium source are mixed by dry mixing.
By adopting the dry mixing mode, the mixing process is simple, the cost is lower, and the method is more suitable for industrial production.
Specifically, the mixing time of the dry mixing method is 3 to 6 hours, such as 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, and 6 hours, and preferably, the mixing time of the dry mixing method is 5 hours, so as to increase the sufficient mixing of the titanium source and the lithium source.
Calcining the mixed material in S2 to form lithium titanate powder, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s21: placing the mixed materials in a SiC sagger, wherein the content of the mixed materials in the container can be 500g, and other contents can also be provided;
s22: and placing the container in a high-temperature furnace for calcining to form lithium titanate powder.
In this way, the quality of the sintered synthesis can be guaranteed.
Specifically, the temperature of the mixture calcined in S2 (e.g., in S22, a high temperature furnace) is raised in the following manner:
s221: heating to the calcining temperature from room temperature at a heating rate of 90 ℃/h-150 ℃/h, such as a heating rate of 90 ℃/h, 100 ℃/h, 120 ℃/h, 150 ℃/h and the like, preferably, the heating rate is 120 ℃/h;
s222: keeping the temperature for 2-6 hours.
By adopting the temperature rising mode, the quality of the lithium titanate powder synthesized by sintering can be further improved.
Wherein the calcining temperature is 850-930 deg.C, such as 850 deg.C, 870 deg.C, 900 deg.C, 920 deg.C, 930 deg.C, etc. Preferably, the calcination temperature is 870 ℃ to fully sinter the material.
And S3, mixing the lithium titanate powder and the silicon raw material, and mixing the mixture by a wet mixing method to form slurry, wherein the slurry specifically comprises the following steps:
s31: mixing lithium titanate powder with a silicon raw material;
s32: adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol to form a solid-liquid mixture, wherein the amounts of the deionized water and the absolute ethyl alcohol can be added according to the requirement;
s33: mixing by a disperser to form slurry.
The solid-liquid doping is realized by wet mixing, and compared with the common sol-gel process, the method is simple and has low cost.
The dispersion speed of the disperser in S33 is 1500rpm to 2500rpm, for example 1500rpm, 1800rpm, 2000rpm, 2300rpm, 2500rpm, etc., and the dispersion speed of the disperser during mixing is preferably 1800 rmp. The time for dispersing with a dispersing machine at the time of mixing is 4 hours to 8 hours, such as 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, etc., and preferably, the time for dispersing with a dispersing machine at the time of mixing is 5 hours. So arranged, the formed slurry can be made more uniform.
The solid content of the solid-liquid mixture in the S32 is 25% -40%, such as 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and the like, so as to further improve the gram capacity and the conductivity of the negative electrode material.
And S4, drying the slurry, specifically:
spray drying the slurry through a spray drying tower, specifically, the spray drying tower can be used for performing spray drying, wherein the pressure of compressed air is 0.4MPa, the outlet temperature is about 120 ℃, and after the spray drying is completed, the material in the material bottle is discharged into a high-temperature-resistant aluminum foil self-sealing bag immediately to prevent the negative electrode material from absorbing water. By the one-step synthesis method of spray drying, LTO can be ensured to completely coat nano Si particles, so that expansion of the Si particles is inhibited, and the cycle performance and safety of the negative electrode material are improved. In the spray drying, the pressure of the compressed air, the inlet temperature, and the outlet temperature may be set as needed, and are not limited to the above values.
In addition, the invention also provides a negative electrode material prepared by the preparation method in any embodiment, and the negative electrode material has high gram capacity performance and cycle performance.
Meanwhile, the invention also provides the negative plate, and the material of the negative plate is selected from the negative electrode material, so the negative plate also has the characteristics of the negative electrode material.
In addition, the invention also provides a lithium ion battery, which can improve the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery because of comprising the negative plate.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A method of preparing an anode material, comprising:
step 1: mixing raw materials: wherein, the titanium element and the lithium element are mixed according to the mol ratio of 4:5, and the lithium is excessive by 1.5 percent. 399.4g of micro-nano TiO2 is weighed as a titanium source, and 150.1g of micro-nano Li2CO3 is weighed as a lithium source; the two were dry mixed in a kneader for 5 hours. Compared with a wet mixing method, the dry mixing method has the advantages of simple process and low cost, and is more suitable for industrial production.
Step 2: sintering and synthesizing: placing the mixture in a SiC sagger, wherein the volume of the mixture is 500g per sagger; and (3) placing the SiC sagger into a high-temperature box type furnace to be sintered at 870 ℃, wherein the heating curve is from room temperature to 870 ℃, the heating rate is 120 ℃/h, then, the temperature is kept for 2 hours at 870 ℃, lithium titanate powder is obtained after sintering is completed, and the phase purity is tested to be 99.5%.
And step 3: and (3) wet mixing: mixing 400g of lithium titanate and 35g of Si raw material with the particle size of about 200nm, adding 1350g of deionized water and 500g of absolute ethyl alcohol, and placing the mixture on a dispersion machine for dispersion; the dispersion speed was 1800rpm and the dispersion time was 5 hours, forming a slurry.
And 4, step 4: spray granulation: and (3) drying the slurry by using a spray drying tower, wherein the pressure of compressed air is 0.4MPa, the outlet temperature is about 120 ℃, and after the drying, the material in the material bottle at the outlet is immediately put into a high-temperature-resistant aluminum foil self-sealing bag, so that the high-capacity LTO/Si material can be obtained.
And 4, testing the LTO/Si particles obtained in the step 4 by using a Malvern particle size analyzer, wherein D50 is about 10.2um, and D99 is about 28 um. The tap density of the product measured by a tap densitometer is 1.05g/ml, and the specific surface area is 25m 2/g. Observing the micro-morphology of the obtained LTO/Si material by adopting a scanning electron microscope, as shown in figure 1; as shown in fig. 2 and the corresponding scanning results of fig. 3, it can be seen that the nano-silicon particles are coated with LTO with excellent effect, so that the nano-silicon particles can effectively inhibit the expansion of the silicon particles when used as a negative electrode material, resulting in good cycle performance, as shown in fig. 4 and 5.
The lithium titanate negative electrode material prepared in the embodiment 1 and a superconducting carbon black binder are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion to prepare a negative electrode membrane, and then the negative electrode membrane is dried and sliced to prepare a negative electrode sheet. A metal lithium sheet is taken as a positive plate, C1garde is taken as a diaphragm, and 1M LiPF6-EC/DMC (volume ratio of 1:1) is taken as electrolyte. A button cell is assembled in a glove box filled with argon, and a blue tester is used for testing the performance of the cell, wherein the charging and discharging multiplying power is 0.5C, the first discharging gram capacity reaches 285.3mAh/g, the first effect reaches 94.5%, and the capacity retention rate is 91.1% after 500 cycles; the 1C gram capacity reaches 247.1mAh/g, the first effect reaches 92.5 percent, and the capacity retention rate after 200 cycles is 88.0 percent. Wherein, the multiplying power and the cycle curve are shown in figure 4, and the median voltage curve is shown in figure 5.
Comparative example 1
Step 1: mixing raw materials: wherein, the titanium element and the lithium element are mixed according to the mol ratio of 4:5, and the lithium is excessive by 1.5 percent. 399.35g of micro-nano TiO2 is weighed as a titanium source, 150.1g of micro-nano Li2CO3 is weighed as a lithium source, and the mixture is placed in a kneading pot to be mixed for 5 hours in a dry method to form a mixed material.
Step 2: sintering and synthesizing: placing the mixed materials in a SiC sagger, wherein the weight of the mixed materials is 500g per sagger; and (3) placing the SiC sagger in a high-temperature box type furnace to be sintered at 870 ℃, wherein the heating curve is from room temperature to 870 ℃, the heating rate is 120 ℃/h, then, the temperature is kept at 870 ℃ for 2 hours, lithium titanate powder is obtained after sintering is finished, and the phase purity is tested to be 99.5%, so that the lithium titanate negative electrode material is obtained.
The particle in step 2 was tested using a malvern particle sizer, with D50 of about 20.2um and D99 of about 58 um. The tap density of the tap density meter is 1.05g/ml, and the specific surface area is 15m 2/g. The XRD data pattern is shown in figure 2.
And (3) uniformly mixing the lithium titanate negative electrode material prepared in the comparative example 1 and a superconducting carbon black binder according to a certain proportion to prepare a negative electrode membrane, and then drying and slicing the negative electrode membrane to prepare the negative electrode sheet. A metal lithium sheet is taken as a positive plate, C1garde is taken as a diaphragm, and 1M LiPF6-EC/DMC (volume ratio of 1:1) is taken as electrolyte. Assembling a button cell in a glove box filled with argon; and a blue tester is used for testing the performance of the battery, the charge-discharge multiplying power is 0.5C, the first-time discharge gram capacity reaches 163.3mAh/g, and the first effect reaches 99.7%. The capacity retention rate after 500 cycles is 98.7%; the capacity of 1C gram is as high as 160.5mAh/g, the first effect is 99.5%, and the capacity retention rate after 500 cycles is 97.9%, as shown in figure 4.
Therefore, the Si source is added in the preparation of the lithium titanate material, so that the capacity of the simple lithium titanate material can be greatly improved; the wet cutting method is simpler than the common sol-gel process, and has low cost: the spray drying and the one-step synthesis method ensure that LTO can completely coat the nano Si particles, inhibit the expansion of the Si particles and ensure the cycle and safety performance of the material. Obviously, the cathode material prepared in the mode has the advantages of high capacity and good cycle performance, and the prepared cathode material is high in first charge-discharge efficiency.
Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the above-described preferred embodiments may be freely combined, superimposed, without conflict.
It will be understood that the embodiments described above are illustrative only and not restrictive, and that various obvious and equivalent modifications and substitutions for details described herein may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the basic principles of the invention.
Claims (14)
1. A method for preparing an anode material, comprising:
according to the molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element (4.8-5.0): (4-4.2) mixing a titanium source and a lithium source in proportion to form a mixed material;
calcining the mixed material to form lithium titanate powder;
mixing the lithium titanate powder with a silicon source, and mixing the materials by a wet method to form slurry;
and drying the slurry to prepare the cathode material.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element is 4: 5.
3. the method of claim 1, wherein the titanium source is selected from the group consisting of TiO2And metatitanic acid;
and/or
The lithium source is selected from Li2CO3。
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the lithium in the mixed material is in excess percentage of 0.5-1.5% relative to the theoretical mass;
preferably, the percentage excess of lithium with respect to its theoretical mass is 1.5%.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element is (4.8 to 5.0): (4-4.2) mixing the titanium source and the lithium source specifically:
according to the molar ratio of the titanium element to the lithium element (4.8-5.0): (4-4.2) weighing a titanium source and a lithium source according to the proportion;
and mixing the titanium source and the lithium source by a dry mixing mode.
6. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the mixing time of the dry mixing method is 3 to 6 hours;
preferably, the mixing time of the dry mixing method is 5 hours.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the calcining of the mixed material forms a lithium titanate powder, in particular:
placing the mixed material in a SiC sagger;
and placing the container in a high-temperature furnace for calcining to form the lithium titanate powder.
8. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the mixed material is increased by:
heating to the calcining temperature from room temperature at a heating rate of 90-150 ℃/h;
keeping the temperature for 2-6 hours;
wherein the calcining temperature is 850-930 ℃;
preferably, the heating rate is 120 ℃/h; and/or the calcination temperature is 870 ℃.
9. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the lithium titanate powder is mixed with a silicon raw material, and the mixture is mixed by a wet mixing method to form a slurry, specifically:
mixing the lithium titanate powder with a silicon raw material;
adding deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol to form a solid-liquid mixture;
mixing by a disperser to form the slurry.
10. The production method according to claim 9,
the dispersion speed of the dispersion machine is 1500 rpm-2500 rpm during mixing;
preferably, the dispersion speed of the disperser at the time of mixing is 1800 rmp;
and/or
The dispersing time of the dispersion machine is 4 to 8 hours during mixing;
preferably, the time for dispersing using the dispersing machine at the time of mixing is 5 hours.
And/or
In the solid-liquid mixture, the percentage of the solid content is 25% -40%.
11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that said drying of the slurry, in particular:
drying the slurry by a spray drying tower.
12. A negative electrode material characterized by being produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
13. A negative electrode sheet, characterized in that the material of the negative electrode sheet is selected from the negative electrode material of claim 12.
14. A lithium ion battery comprising the negative electrode sheet according to claim 13.
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| 项良顺等: "Si/Li_4Ti_5O_(12)复合锂离子电池负极材料的制备、结构和电化学性能", 《材料科学与工程学报》 * |
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