CN111177953B - Method for calculating strength of tube plate system of floating head heat exchanger with expansion joint at tail end - Google Patents
Method for calculating strength of tube plate system of floating head heat exchanger with expansion joint at tail end Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The inventionThe method for calculating the strength of the tube plate system of the floating head heat exchanger with the expansion joint at the tail end comprises the following steps: s1, respectively setting the thickness and the diameter of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate; s2, selecting the materials of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate respectively, and checking the allowable stress [ sigma ] of the fixed end tube plate material according to the standard1]Allowable stress [ sigma ] of floating end pipe plate material2](ii) a S3, selecting the type, size and specification of the expansion joint; s4, calculating the corresponding bending stress value sigma of the fixed end tube plate through a seven-element linear equation systempBending stress value corresponding to floating end pipe plateAnd heat exchange tube axial stress sigmat(ii) a S5, compare sigmapAnd [ sigma ]1]And comparingAnd [ sigma ]2](ii) a S5, calculating axial stress sigma of heat exchange tubetRespectively comparing σtAnd allowable stress [ sigma ] of heat exchange tubet]Or critical compressive stress sigmacr. The calculation method of the invention considers the axial rigidity of the expansion joint and the pressure influence of the inner cavity, and can reasonably determine the materials, the thicknesses and the diameters of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate and reasonably evaluate the strength and the stability of the heat exchange tube.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, in particular to a tube plate system strength calculation method of a floating head heat exchanger with an expansion joint at the tail end.
Background
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger is typically a pressure vessel, accounting for about 30% of petrochemical plant equipment. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger is divided into a U-shaped tube heat exchanger, a fixed tube plate heat exchanger and a floating head heat exchanger, wherein the floating head heat exchanger is mainly applied to the conditions that the temperature difference of the shell-and-tube pass is large and the internal medium is easy to scale.
The conventional floating head heat exchanger mainly comprises the following components: the fixed end tube plate, the floating end tube plate and the heat exchange tube bundle are connected with each other to form a tube plate system. The tube plate system and the shell side cylinder are connected only through the fixed end tube plate, the floating tube plate is in a free state in the axial direction of the heat exchanger, so that the temperature difference stress of the tube plate system and the shell side cylinder can be released. When the tube pass has the occasion with large inter-pass temperature difference, the conventional floating head heat exchanger can not meet the requirement due to overlarge inter-pass temperature difference stress, and at the moment, the floating head heat exchanger with the expansion joint at the tail end is generally adopted.
There are two types of calculation routes for current heat exchangers: (1) theoretical analysis method of plate shell; (2) finite element numerical method. The existing plate shell theoretical analysis and calculation method is specific to a conventional floating head heat exchanger, and the floating head heat exchanger with an expansion joint at the tail end causes great deviation, great waste or potential safety hazard.
A reasonable analytic calculation method is not found in the floating head heat exchanger with the expansion joint at the tail end.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, a method for calculating the tube plate system strength of the floating head heat exchanger with the expansion joint at the tail end is provided, wherein the tube plate system strength is calculated by respectively checking and calculating the tube plates of the fixed end and the floating end with different thicknesses, different materials and different diameters by considering the axial rigidity of the expansion joint and the pressure influence of an inner cavity.
A method for calculating the strength of a tube plate system of a floating head heat exchanger with an expansion joint at the tail end comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively selecting materials of a fixed end tube plate and a floating end tube plate of the floating head heat exchanger according to the medium condition, and setting the thickness of the fixed end tube plate of the floating head heat exchanger to be delta1Thickness delta of floating end tube sheet2And determining allowable stress value [ sigma ] of fixed end tube plate1]And allowable stress value [ sigma ] of floating tube plate2](ii) a Determining the size and the material of the heat exchange tube;
s2, setting the diameter of a fixed end tube plate and the diameter of a floating end tube plate of the floating head heat exchanger according to the structural requirements;
s3, selecting the type, specification and size of the expansion joint;
s4, calculating the radial or circumferential bending moment M (x) to which the fixed end tube plate is subjected and the radial or circumferential bending moment M to which the floating end tube plate is subjectedf1(x);
S5, mixing M (x) and M obtained in S4f1(x) Respectively carry into stress equationIn the above method, the respective bending stress values σ on the upper and lower surfaces of the fixed-end tube sheet are calculated under the condition of setting the thickness of the tube sheetpCorresponding bending stress values on the upper and lower surfaces of the floating end tube plate
Wherein μ is a bending reduction coefficient;
If σpGreater than 1.5[ sigma ]1]OrGreater than 1.5[ sigma ]2]Then, steps S1-S5 are repeated to increase delta1Or delta2Either replacing the material of the fixed end tube plate or the floating end tube plate, or adjusting the size and dimension of the expansion joint until sigmapLess than 1.5[ sigma ]1]And isLess than 1.5[ sigma ]2]。
Note that if σ ispLess than 1.5[ sigma ]1]And isLess than 1.5[ sigma ]2]The design requirements are met. In step S3, the expansion joint is a flexible expansion joint, including a U-shaped expansion joint and an Ω expansion joint; the invention can be used to calculate the axial stiffness of a U-shaped expansion joint, and the stiffness of the expansion joint can be input for other types of flexible expansion joints.
A plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged between the fixed tube plate and the floating tube plate, and after the step S6, the method further comprises:
s7, determining the material of the heat exchange tube, and determining the allowable stress value [ sigma ] of the heat exchange tube according to the material of the heat exchange tubet]And axial critical pressure stress [ sigma ] of heat exchange tubecr];
Calculating the axial stress sigma of each heat exchange tubet;
At σt>When 0, when σt<[σt]The design requirements are met;
at σt<0, when σt|<[σcr]And the design requirements are met.
Step S4 further includes: respectively calculating the radial bending moment M borne by the fixed end tube plater(x) And circumferential bending moment Mθ(x) Radial bending moment born by floating end tube plateAnd circumferential bending moment
Step S5 further includes: according to Mr(x)、Mθ(x)、Andrespectively calculating the radial stress sigma of the fixed end tube plateriCircumferential stress sigma of fixed end tube plateθiRadial stress of floating end tube plateAnd circumferential stress of floating end tube sheet
Step S6 also includes thatriAnd σθiAre respectively related to [ sigma ]1]Making a comparison ofAndare respectively related to [ sigma ]2]Respectively comparing the two and finally determining the thickness delta of the fixed tube plate1And the thickness delta of the floating tube plate2。
The floating head heat exchanger calculation includes expansion joint internal pressure and axial rigidity influence, and the step S4 further includes the following steps: calculating the axial displacement relation of the heat exchange tube by using the following formula:
displacement at the fixed end
Displacement at the floating end:
and determining the relationship between the bending moment and the displacement of the tube plate according to the following formula:
fixing a tube plate:
floating end tube plate
Wherein C1, C2, C3 and C4 are unknown constants, ber (x), bei (x) are Thomson functions, D is bending rigidity of fixed end tube plate, and D isf1Bending rigidity of the floating end tube plate, eta is the weakening coefficient of the bending rigidity of the tube plate opening area, f1(x)、f2(x)、f3(x)、f4(x) Is an expression taking x as variable, v is the Poisson's ratio of the tube sheet material, MrRadial bending moment M of fixed end tube plateθIs the circumferential bending moment of the fixed end tube plate,radial bending moment of the floating end tube plate,The circumferential bending moment of the floating end tube plate is shown, and k is a dimensionless parameter.
In step S4, the radial bending moment M experienced by the fixed tube sheet is calculated as followsr(x) And circumferential bending moment Mθ(x) Radial bending moment borne by the floating tube plateAnd circumferential bending moment
S401, according to an equation set:
a seven-element linear matrix equation set is established according to the following formula:
calculating an unknown quantity matrix according to the equation set:
wherein, PdtEquivalent pressure, R, to which the floating tube sheet is subjectedtIs one half of Dt, f1(K)、f2(K) For expressions with K as a variable, MRFor fixing the radial bending moment, M, of the peripheral non-laying zone of the tube sheettIn order to fix the radial bending moment of the central pipe distribution area of the pipe plate,the radial bending moment of the peripheral non-distribution pipe area of the floating pipe plate,radial bending moment for the central tube laying area of the floating tube plate, KtR、Ktt、Ktp、 KtV、KRR、KRp、Kf、KRt、KRVIn order to fix the flexibility coefficient of the tube-not-laid region at the periphery of the tube plate, the flexibility coefficient of the non-tube distribution area at the periphery of the floating tube plate is rhot=RtR (ratio of equivalent circle radius of tube plate area at fixed end to support radius of tube plate), R is support radius of tube plate at fixed end, R isf1To support the radius for the floating end tube sheet,the ratio of the equivalent circle radius of the floating end tube plate distribution area to the tube plate support radius;
s402, substituting the result obtained in the step S401 into an equation to respectively calculate the bending moment of each fixed end pipe plate distribution area and the bending moment of each floating end pipe plate distribution area:
fixing end:
floating end:
wherein, c1、c2、c4To calculate the coefficients.
P is calculated as followsdt:
Pdt=H0+H1c1+H2c2;
Wherein H0The corrected value of the pressure area is obtained; h1、H2The deformation correction value of the tube plate is used;
according to the formula respectivelyFormula (II)And formulaCalculate H0、H1And H2。KexIs the axial stiffness of the expansion joint;displacement caused by the pressure in the inner cavity of the expansion joint.
step S7 further includes: substituting the unknowns C1 and C2 obtained in the step S401 into the stress equation of the heat exchange tubeIn obtaining the stress sigma of each heat exchange tubet。
The method for calculating the strength of the tube plate system of the floating head heat exchanger with the expansion joint at the tail end not only considers the influence of the axial rigidity of the expansion joint at the tail end and the pressure of the inner cavity of the expansion joint on the tube plate system, but also can respectively select the materials of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate and respectively determine the thicknesses of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate, so that the materials of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate can be different, the thicknesses and the diameters can be different, the application range of the floating head heat exchanger is enlarged, the inner cavity pressure parameter and the axial rigidity influence parameter substituted by the expansion joint are substituted into the determination process of the thickness of the tube plate, and the influence of the expansion joint on the strength calculation of the tube plate system is considered in the calculation process. The method not only ensures the calculation reliability of the floating head heat exchanger with the expansion joint at the tail end, but also can reasonably determine the materials, the thicknesses and the diameters of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate.
The calculation method provided by the invention can calculate the tube plate strength of the floating head heat exchanger with the expansion joint at the tail end and the strength and stability of the heat exchange tube, is suitable for different materials of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate, and can also have different thicknesses and diameters, so that the application range of the floating head heat exchanger is enlarged, and the inner cavity pressure parameter and the axial rigidity influence parameter substituted by the expansion joint are substituted into the determination process of the tube plate thickness, so that the materials, the thicknesses and the diameters of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate are reasonably determined, and the strength and the stability of the heat exchange tube are reasonably evaluated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural section view of a floating head heat exchanger with an expansion joint at the tail end;
FIG. 2 is a floating head heat exchanger mechanical model symbol;
FIG. 3 is a graph comparing tube sheet stress at various locations at shell side pressure;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing stress at various locations of tube sheet stress at tube side pressure;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing axial stress of heat exchange tubes at tube side and shell side pressures;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing tube sheet stresses at shell side pressure with and without an expansion joint;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing tube sheet stress at tube side pressure with and without an expansion joint.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a floating head heat exchanger with an expansion joint at the tail end;
fig. 2 is a floating head heat exchanger mechanical model symbol.
When the floating head heat exchanger is designed, the calculation of the tube plate strength and the tube bundle stress is an examination project which must be carried out by the heat exchanger, and the formula calculation in the prior art is a main design means. The structure of the expansion joint at the tail end is not considered in the calculation of the existing formula, and the thickness of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate is determined on the premise that the materials and the thickness of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate are the same, so that the problem that the application range of the floating-head heat exchanger is too small is caused. For the calculation of the asymmetric structure floating head heat exchanger with the expansion joint at the tail end, no simple and accurate solution is found.
The invention considers the deformation coordination relations of the tube plate, the tube bundle, the expansion joint and the like, and provides the tube plate under pressure and the tube bundle strength calculation based on the plate shell theory analytic solution.
The invention provides a method for calculating the strength of a tube plate system of a floating head heat exchanger with an expansion joint at the tail end, which comprises the following steps:
s1, respectively selecting materials of a fixed end tube plate and a floating end tube plate of the floating head heat exchanger according to the medium condition, and setting the thickness of the fixed end tube plate of the floating head heat exchanger to be delta1Thickness delta of floating end tube sheet2And determining allowable stress value [ sigma ] of fixed end tube plate1]And allowable stress value [ sigma ] of floating tube plate2](ii) a Determining the size and the material of the heat exchange tube;
s2, setting the diameter of a fixed end tube plate and the diameter of a floating end tube plate of the floating head heat exchanger according to the structural requirements;
s3, selecting the type, specification and size of the expansion joint;
s4, calculating the radial or circumferential bending moment M (x) to which the fixed end tube plate is subjected and the radial or circumferential bending moment M to which the floating end tube plate is subjectedf1(x);
S5, mixing M (x) and M obtained in S4f1(x) Respectively carry into stress equationIn the above method, the respective bending stress values σ on the upper and lower surfaces of the fixed-end tube sheet are calculated under the condition of setting the thickness of the tube sheetpCorresponding bending stress values on the upper and lower surfaces of the floating end tube plate
Wherein μ is a bending reduction coefficient;
If σpGreater than 1.5[ sigma ]1]OrGreater than 1.5[ sigma ]2]Then, steps S1-S5 are repeated to increase delta1Or delta2Either replacing the material of the fixed end tube plate or the floating end tube plate, or adjusting the size and dimension of the expansion joint until sigmapLess than 1.5[ sigma ]1]And isLess than 1.5[ sigma ]2]。;
Note that if σ ispLess than 1.5[ sigma ]1]And isLess than 1.5[ sigma ]2]The design requirements are met. In step S3, the expansion joint is a flexible expansion joint, including a U-shaped expansion joint and an Ω expansion joint; the invention can be used to calculate the axial stiffness of a U-shaped expansion joint, and the stiffness of the expansion joint can be input for other types of flexible expansion joints.
A plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged between the fixed tube plate and the floating tube plate, and after the step S6, the method further comprises:
s7, determining the material of the heat exchange tube according to the medium, and determining the allowable stress value [ sigma ] of the heat exchange tube according to the material of the heat exchange tubet]And axial critical pressure stress [ sigma ] of heat exchange tubecr];
Calculating the axial stress sigma of each heat exchange tubetAnd will betAre respectively related to [ sigma ]t]And σcrComparing;
at σt>When 0, when σt<[σt]The design requirements are met;
at σt<0, when σt|<[σcr]And the design requirements are met.
More specifically:
step S4 further includes: respectively calculating the radial bending moment M borne by the fixed end tube plater(x) And circumferential bending moment Mθ(x) Radial bending moment born by floating end tube plateAnd circumferential bending moment
Step S5 further includes: according to Mr(x)、Mθ(x)、Andrespectively calculating the radial stress sigma of the fixed end tube plateriCircumferential stress sigma of fixed end tube plateθiRadial stress of floating end tube plateAnd circumferential stress of floating end tube sheet
Step S6 also includes thatriAnd σθiAre respectively related to [ sigma ]1]Making a comparison ofAndare respectively related to [ sigma ]2]Respectively, and determining the thickness delta of the fixed tube plate1And the thickness delta of the floating tube plate2。
The floating head heat exchanger comprises an expansion joint, and the step S4 further comprises the following steps: calculating the axial displacement relation of the heat exchange tube by using the following formula:
displacement at the fixed end
Displacement at the floating end:
and determining the relationship between the bending moment and the displacement of the tube plate according to the following formula:
fixing a tube plate:
floating end tube plate
Description of the symbols:
c1, C2, C3, C4 are unknown constants;
ber (x), bei (x) are thomson functions;
d is the bending rigidity of the fixed end tube plate;
Df1bending rigidity of the floating end tube plate;
eta is the weakening coefficient of bending rigidity of the opening area of the tube plate;
f1(x)、f2(x)、f3(x)、f4(x) Is an expression with x as a variable;
ν is the poisson ratio of the tube sheet material;
Mrradial bending moment of the fixed end tube plate;
Mθthe circumferential bending moment is the circumferential bending moment of the fixed end tube plate;
k is a dimensionless parameter.
In step S4, the radial bending moment M borne by the fixed tube plate is calculated and calculated according to the following stepsr(x) And circumferential bending moment Mθ(x) Calculating the radial bending moment born by the floating tube plateAnd circumferential bending moment
S401, establishing a relational expression:
a seven-element linear matrix equation set is established according to the following formula:
calculating an unknown quantity matrix according to the equation set:
description of the symbols:
Pdtthe equivalent pressure to which the floating tube plate is subjected;
Rtis one half of Dt;
f1(K)、f2(K) is an expression with K as a variable;
MRthe radial bending moment of the peripheral non-laying pipe area of the fixed pipe plate;
Mtthe radial bending moment of the central pipe distribution area of the fixed pipe plate;
KtR、Ktt、Ktp、KtV、KRR、KRp、Kf、KRt、KRVthe flexibility coefficient of the non-tube distribution area at the periphery of the fixed tube plate;
the flexibility coefficient of the peripheral non-pipe distribution area of the floating pipe plate;
ρt=Rtthe ratio of the equivalent circle radius of the tube plate distribution area of the fixed end tube plate to the support radius of the tube plate;
r is the supporting radius of the fixed end tube plate;
Rf1supporting a radius for the floating end tube sheet;
the ratio of the equivalent circle radius of the floating end tube plate distribution area to the tube plate support radius;
s402, substituting the result obtained in the step S401 into an equation to respectively calculate the bending moment of each fixed end pipe plate distribution area and the bending moment of each floating end pipe plate distribution area:
fixing end:
floating end:
wherein, c1、c2、c4To calculate the coefficients.
Calculate P bydt:
Pdt=H0+H1c1+H2c2;
Wherein H0The corrected value of the pressure area is obtained; h1、H2The deformation correction value of the tube plate is used;
according to the formula respectivelyFormula (II)And formulaCalculate H0、H1And H2。KexIs the axial stiffness of the expansion joint;displacement caused by the pressure in the inner cavity of the expansion joint.
step S7 further includes: substituting the unknowns C1 and C2 obtained in the step S401 into the stress equation of the heat exchange tubeIn obtaining the stress sigma of each heat exchange tubet。
FIGS. 3 to 7 are graphs comparing the tube sheet thickness obtained by the calculation method of the present invention with the results of finite element calculation, wherein DBF represents the calculation method of the present invention, DBA represents the results of finite element calculation, and other symbols are shown in the symbols. Fig. 3-5 show that the calculation results are in good agreement with finite element calculations. Fig. 6-7 show that, for both shell side and tube side pressures, the tube sheet stress levels are lower with the expansion joint than without, and that a thinner tube sheet thickness would be required, as calculated by this method, resulting in a cost savings.
The method for calculating the strength of the tube plate system of the floating head heat exchanger with the expansion joint at the tail end provided by the invention considers the axial rigidity and the inner cavity pressure influence of the expansion joint, can respectively select the materials of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate, and respectively determines the thicknesses of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate, so that the materials of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate can be different, the thicknesses and the diameters can also be different, the application range of the floating head heat exchanger is enlarged, the deviation and the potential safety hazard brought by the expansion joint are avoided, and the materials, the thicknesses and the diameters of the fixed end tube plate and the floating end tube plate are reasonably determined on the premise of ensuring the reliability of the floating head heat exchanger.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A method for calculating the strength of a tube plate system of a floating head heat exchanger with an expansion joint at the tail end is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
according to formula Pdt=H0+H1c1+H2c2 pressure P to which the tube sheet is subjecteddCorrected and then according to the corrected pressure PdtCorrecting the thickness of the tube sheet, wherein PdFor the pressure of the current calculated condition, PdtEquivalent pressure to which the tube sheet is subjected, H0The corrected value of the pressure area is obtained; h1、H2The deformation correction value of the tube plate is used;
Wherein KexIs the axial stiffness of the expansion joint;displacement caused by the pressure in the inner cavity of the expansion joint;
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CN114818297B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-05-09 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Straight-section outer guide cylinder safety evaluation method, heat exchanger correction method and system |
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