CN111175208A - Drilling fluid mud cake permeability evaluation device and method - Google Patents
Drilling fluid mud cake permeability evaluation device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111175208A CN111175208A CN201911349087.2A CN201911349087A CN111175208A CN 111175208 A CN111175208 A CN 111175208A CN 201911349087 A CN201911349087 A CN 201911349087A CN 111175208 A CN111175208 A CN 111175208A
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for evaluating the permeability of a mud cake of drilling fluid, which mainly comprise an intermediate container, a rock core holder and a heating and pressurizing device, wherein the intermediate container is an openable container and comprises an intermediate container cover, an intermediate connector, a piston and a plug, the piston is positioned in the intermediate container, and the intermediate connector is connected with the outer wall of the intermediate container through a male and female buckle; the core holder is an openable container and comprises a rubber sleeve, a pressure difference meter, a top cover and a bottom cover of the core holder, the middle connector is connected with the outer wall of the core holder through a male-female buckle, and a pressure meter sensor is positioned on the inner surface of the rubber sleeve; the heating and pressurizing device comprises a visual constant temperature box, a constant pressure pump, a back pressure valve and a hydraulic pump; the pressurizing device applies pressure to the intermediate container through a hydraulic pipeline and a constant pressure pump. The invention can simulate the formation of mud cakes under the condition of a real simulated stratum and measure the permeability of the mud cakes, and can also be used as a reservoir damage evaluation device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of reservoir rock damage in a drilling process, in particular to a device and a method for evaluating the permeability of a mud cake of drilling fluid.
Background
During drilling, the mud cake formed on the well wall can reduce the damage of the filtrate to the reservoir. Therefore, the quality of the mud cake is particularly important, the quality of the mud cake can be evaluated qualitatively only through the characteristics of thinness, toughness and the like, and the permeability can be used for quantitatively evaluating the quality of the mud cake, so that the permeability of the mud cake is an important parameter for quantitatively evaluating the performance of the drilling fluid.
At present, some devices and matching methods for measuring the permeability of a mud cake of drilling fluid exist, but most of the devices are used in the environment of normal temperature and normal pressure, the temperature and the pressure of a stratum are not considered, meanwhile, an actual rock core is not used for contacting the stratum, the water loss condition of the actual stratum cannot be truly reflected, and most of the existing mud cake permeability measuring devices need to transfer the position of the mud cake and adopt water as a measuring medium in the measuring process, so that the mud cake can be damaged, and the actual mud cake permeability cannot be accurately measured.
Therefore, on an experimental device, the actual drilling operation environment should be restored as much as possible, a real core or an artificial core with the same physical property on site is used, and the mud cake does not need to be transferred and a displacement medium is selected according to the fluid produced by the stratum when the permeability of the mud cake is measured, so that the quality of the evaluated mud cake can be real and accurate and the actual production condition is reflected.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a novel device for evaluating the permeability of a mud cake of drilling fluid, which is used for solving the problems that the existing device for measuring the permeability of the mud cake of drilling fluid and a matching method thereof cannot simulate the temperature and pressure of a stratum, the mud cake needs to be transferred and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the embodiment of the invention provides a novel device for evaluating the permeability of a mud cake of drilling fluid, which comprises the following steps: including visual thermostated container and setting up in the inside middle container of visual thermostated container, rock core holder and measuring device, the constant-pressure pump links to each other with the container, and be located middle container top, the constant-pressure pump is connected through middle container lid, middle container lid is connected by the turnbuckle with middle container, the piston that has the plug is located inside the middle container, middle container passes through middle connector and is connected by thread sealing with the rock core holder, the hydraulic pump is located rock core holder one side, be connected with the rock core holder through the hydraulic pressure pipeline, the inductor of manometer is located inside the gum cover, the back-pressure valve is connected with rock core holder bottom through the pipeline, the back-pressure valve is connected with the back-pressure pump through the pipeline, the graduated flask is located the back-pressure valve below, the sealing plug is located inside the graduated flask, the pipeline inserts.
Preferably, the constant pressure pump can control the pressure when the fluid is produced by back injection of the stratum (crude oil or natural gas is injected according to the determination of the fluid produced by the stratum), and also can control the pressure of the drilling fluid by controlling the pressure of the white oil, the hydraulic pump is used for applying confining pressure to the core holder and can simulate the overburden pressure of the stratum, and the back pressure valve is used for controlling the pressure and can simulate the pore pressure of the stratum.
Preferably, the temperature of the constant temperature box can be used for simulating the temperature of a stratum where the rock core is located, and the devices are all made of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant materials.
Preferably, the middle connector and the bottom cover of the core holder are provided with sealing rings.
Preferably, a plug is arranged on the piston in the middle container, drilling fluid can be conveniently injected by opening the plug, and the sealing performance of the piston can be kept by installing the plug.
Preferably, the rubber sleeve and the annular space are arranged in the core holder, the rubber sleeve is used for wrapping the core, the annular space is used for injecting water to apply confining pressure, the sensor of the pressure difference meter is arranged on the inner surface of the rubber sleeve, and the sensor can be used for measuring the pressure difference value of the upper surface and the lower surface of the mud cake after the mud cake is formed.
Preferably, the hydraulic pipeline adopts a hydraulic hose, and the hydraulic hose can be artificially deformed.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages: the whole experiment process is carried out in a visual constant temperature box, so that the temperature controllability is ensured, and data can be directly read; during the experiment, a natural core or an artificial core is adopted, so that the real formation condition can be simulated; the experimental devices are made of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant materials, so that the experimental device can be prevented from being damaged in the experimental process; in the experimental process, drilling fluid is directly used as a measuring medium; the device can obtain the change of filtrate amount of the rock core along with the change of time (figure 1), thereby calculating the permeability of mud cakes and the permeability of the mud cakes-rock core; the device can also carry out back injection on the rock core to the stratum to produce fluid (crude oil or natural gas is determined to be injected according to the stratum to produce fluid), and the permeability recovery value of the rock core is calculated by utilizing Darcy's law; the measuring device can be used for measuring the permeability of the mud cake of the drilling fluid and evaluating the damage condition of the drilling fluid to a reservoir.
The device is simple, the accuracy is high, the experimental device is made of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant materials, the disassembly and the washing are convenient, the intermediate containers are tightly connected, the integrity is good, compared with other measuring devices, the device adopts the real core, the drilling fluid can be completely contacted with the real core, the permeability of mud cakes can be measured and the damage of the drilling fluid to a reservoir can be evaluated under the stratum conditions of temperature, pressure and the like of the core, and the field operation environment can be better restored, so that the device provides reliable data support for guiding the field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the change in filtrate flow rate.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a drilling fluid mud cake permeability evaluation device provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a back-injection formation fluid configuration.
Reference numerals: 1. a constant pressure pump; 2. a container; 3. a pipeline; 4. an intermediate container cover; 5. an intermediate container; 6. a turnbuckle; 7. a bottom cover of the core holder; 8. a connecting port; 9. a piston; 10. an intermediate connector; 11. a hydraulic pump; 12. a hydraulic line; 13. a seal ring; 14. a back pressure pump; 15. A back pressure valve; 16. a measuring cylinder; 17. a rubber sleeve; 18. an annulus; 19. a pressure gauge; 20. plugging with a thread; 21. A sealing plug; 22. a balance; 23. a thermostat; 24. a top cover of the core holder; 25. a core holder.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
With the attached drawings, the device for evaluating the permeability of the mud cake of the drilling fluid comprises a visual constant temperature box, an intermediate container, a core holder and a measuring device, wherein the intermediate container is arranged in the visual constant temperature box, a constant pressure pump is connected with the container and is positioned above the intermediate container, the constant pressure pump is connected with the intermediate container through an intermediate container cover, the intermediate container cover is connected with the intermediate container through a screw thread, a piston with a screwed plug is positioned in the intermediate container, the intermediate container is connected with the core holder through an intermediate connector in a thread sealing manner, a hydraulic pump is positioned at one side of the core holder and is connected with the core holder through a hydraulic pipeline, a sensor of a pressure gauge is positioned in a rubber sleeve, a back pressure valve is connected with the bottom cover of the core holder through a pipeline, the back pressure valve is connected with the back pressure pump through a pipeline, the balance is placed below the measuring cylinder.
As a further improvement of the invention, the constant pressure pump can control the pressure when the fluid is produced by back injection of the stratum (crude oil or natural gas injection is determined according to the fluid produced by the stratum), and also can control the pressure of the drilling fluid by controlling the pressure of the white oil, the hydraulic pump is used for applying confining pressure to the core holder and can simulate the overburden pressure of the stratum, the back pressure valve is used for controlling the pressure and can simulate the pore pressure of the stratum, the temperature of the thermostat can be used for simulating the temperature of the stratum where the core is located, and the devices are all made of high temperature and high pressure resistant materials.
Furthermore, the middle connector and the bottom cover of the core holder are provided with sealing rings, a piston inside the middle container is provided with a plug, the plug is opened to facilitate injection of drilling fluid, the plug can keep the tightness of the piston when being installed, a hydraulic pipeline adopts a hydraulic hose and can be deformed artificially, a rubber sleeve and an annular space are arranged inside the core holder, the rubber sleeve is used for wrapping the core, the annular space is used for injecting water to apply confining pressure, and the inner surface of the rubber sleeve is provided with a sensor of a differential pressure gauge and can be used for measuring the pressure difference between the upper surface and the lower surface of the mud cake after the mud cake is formed.
The device for evaluating the permeability of the mud cake of the drilling fluid is also matched with a method for measuring the permeability of the mud cake of the drilling fluid, and sequentially comprises the following steps:
(1) an artificial core or a natural core is used. The natural rock core needs to be washed with oil first, dried for later use, and the basic parameters of the rock core are tested(porosity, gas permeability K)0Size, mass, etc., length l2And the diameter d), and calculating the sectional area A of the rock core;
(2) vacuumizing the core, saturating water, and saturating oil according to the stratum condition to be simulated;
(3) formation water used for testing core water and permeability K1；
(4) And (3) putting the rock core into the rock core holder, checking the sealing performance of the device, and adding confining pressure of 2 MPa. Continuously increasing confining pressure along with the increase of injection pressure, keeping the confining pressure to be more than the injection pressure by 2MPa, adjusting the temperature of the stratum where the core is located by the visual constant temperature box, and keeping the temperature for 24 hours;
(5) zeroing a balance, firstly injecting drilling fluid into an intermediate container (the container is not less than 500mL), then fixing a plug on a piston to keep the plug sealed, then injecting white oil into the intermediate container, and setting a pressure value (injection pressure P) of a constant pressure pump according to the simulated drilling fluid pressure and the simulated formation pressure at the formation position1) And the pressure value of the back pressure pump (formation pressure P)3) Recording weighing data (namely filtrate quantity Q, the temperature is high, and when filtrate is gasified, a measuring cylinder can be sealed by a sealing plug to prevent gas from escaping) of a balance according to 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min, 1h, 1.5h, 2h, 2.5h, 3h, 4h, 5h, 10h, 20h, 35h and 50h for a core with lower permeability; for the core with higher permeability, the balance weighing data is recorded according to the time interval of the core with higher permeability, the test is stopped when the produced fluid reaches two thirds of the drilling fluid volume of the middle container, and the reading P of the pressure gauge is read at the moment2. The graph of filtrate flow change over time (figure 1) was plotted against the recorded data and the filtrate viscosity, μ, was tested (the experimental time was set according to the drilling fluid down-hole time, simulating contamination over the drilling fluid time). The pressure value of the back pressure pump can be properly changed in the process, and in addition, the production monitoring is also required to be noticedThe volume of the effluent is compared with the volume of the drilling fluid filled into the intermediate container, so that the drilling fluid is prevented from flowing out completely;
watch measurement parameter watch
| Time T | Amount of filtrate Q | Pressure gauge reading (P)2) |
| 5min | ||
| 10min | ||
| 15min | ||
| ...... |
(6) Closing the constant pressure pump and the back pressure pump, removing the pressure difference meter, taking out the rock core, taking a picture for analysis, and measuring the mud cake thickness l1Calculating mud according to Darcy's formulaPermeability of the cake K2The mudcake is removed from the surface of the core and the core is returned to the core holder. According to the illustration in fig. 3, the core holder is reassembled, the intermediate container and the intermediate connector are removed, and the upper device of the core holder is replaced by a core holder top cover, a pipeline, a measuring cylinder and a balance;
(7) opening the constant pressure pump, adjusting the constant pressure pump to a proper pressure value, reversely injecting the fluid into the rock core to produce a stratum, and obtaining the rock core permeability K by utilizing the Darcy law3And a permeability recovery value K.
K＝(K3/K1)×100％
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a drilling fluid mud cake permeability evaluation device, including visual thermostated container (23) with set up in container (5), core holder (25) and measuring device in the middle of visual thermostated container (23) inside, its characterized in that, constant-pressure pump (1) with container (2) link to each other, and are located middle container (5) top, constant-pressure pump (1) passes through middle container lid (4) are connected, middle container lid (4) with middle container (5) by turnbuckle (6) are connected, piston (9) that have plug (20) are located inside middle container (5), middle container (5) are connected by thread sealing through middle connector (10) and core holder (25), hydraulic pump (11) are located core holder (25) one side, through hydraulic pressure pipeline (12) with core holder (25) are connected, the inductor of manometer (19) is located inside gum cover (17), back pressure valve (15) through pipeline (3) with core holder bottom (7) are connected, back pressure valve (15) through pipeline (3) with back pressure pump (14) are connected, graduated flask (16) are located back pressure valve (15) below, sealing plug (21) are located inside graduated flask (16), pipeline (3) insert sealing plug (21) get into graduated flask (16), balance (22) are put in graduated flask (16) below.
2. The drilling fluid mud cake permeability evaluation device and method according to claim 1, wherein: the constant pressure pump can control the pressure when the reverse injection stratum produces fluid (crude oil or natural gas is injected according to the determination of the fluid produced by the stratum), and also can control the pressure of drilling fluid by controlling the pressure of white oil.
3. The drilling fluid mud cake permeability evaluation device and method of claim 1. The method is characterized in that: the temperature of the constant temperature box can be used for simulating the temperature of a stratum where the rock core is located, and the devices are all made of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant materials.
4. The drilling fluid mud cake permeability evaluation device and method according to claim 1, wherein: and the middle connector and the bottom cover of the rock core holder are provided with sealing rings.
5. The drilling fluid mud cake permeability evaluation device and method according to claim 1, wherein: the piston in the middle container is provided with a plug, drilling fluid is conveniently injected by opening the plug, and the sealing performance of the piston can be kept by installing the plug.
6. The drilling fluid mud cake permeability evaluation device and method according to claim 1, wherein: the core holder is internally provided with a rubber sleeve and an annular space, the rubber sleeve is used for wrapping the core, the annular space is used for injecting water to apply confining pressure, the inner surface of the rubber sleeve is provided with a sensor of a pressure difference meter, and the sensor can be used for measuring the pressure difference value of the upper surface and the lower surface of a mud cake after the mud cake is formed.
7. The drilling fluid mud cake permeability evaluation device and method according to claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic pipeline adopts a hydraulic hose and can be deformed manually.
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| CN201911349087.2A CN111175208A (en) | 2019-12-24 | 2019-12-24 | Drilling fluid mud cake permeability evaluation device and method |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114152555A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2022-03-08 | 成都理工大学 | Drilling fluid leakage damage simulation device and method |
| CN114965208A (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2022-08-30 | 中国安能集团第三工程局有限公司 | Method and device for in-situ measurement of permeability coefficient of riverbed aquifer |
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| CN114965208B (en) * | 2022-05-09 | 2023-10-03 | 中国安能集团第三工程局有限公司 | Method and device for in-situ measurement of permeability coefficient of riverbed aquifer |
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