CN111172440B - Low-cost rapid-corrosion magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-cost rapid-corrosion magnesium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111172440B CN111172440B CN202010041291.4A CN202010041291A CN111172440B CN 111172440 B CN111172440 B CN 111172440B CN 202010041291 A CN202010041291 A CN 202010041291A CN 111172440 B CN111172440 B CN 111172440B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/02—Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C23/00—Alloys based on magnesium
- C22C23/04—Alloys based on magnesium with zinc or cadmium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, wherein the mass percent of each element in the alloy is as follows: al: 3.0-25wt%, Ca: 0.20 to 1.0wt%, Zn: 2.0-15wt%, Cu: 1.20-3.0wt%, Fe 1.50-5.0wt%, and Mg and other impurity elements for the rest. The invention adopts Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Cu-Fe alloy to refine the grain size of the cast ingot through Ca, thereby reducing the segregation of the cast ingot, leading Cu and Fe in the material to be uniformly distributed and forming fine and dispersed Mg2Cu and Mg2Fe, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid corrosion and dissolution; meanwhile, the basal plane texture of the magnesium alloy is weakened, and the elongation of the material is further improved. In addition, Ca has the effects of flame retardance and oxidation resistance, and the ignition point of the alloy is improved. Therefore, the dosage of protective gas is reduced in the smelting process, and gas protection is not needed in the homogenization treatment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials and processing, and particularly relates to a low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The development of scientific technology has prompted an increasing level of global industrial automation, which has led to a further increase in energy demand. Shale oil and gas has high economic value as one of the important directions of energy field development in the current and future period, and related mining technologies have been successful in the United states and gradually popularized to the world. According to relevant data statistics, the shale gas reserves of China are the first in the world, the shale oil reserves are the third in the world, and the future development prospect is wide. However, the related mining technology is still in a starting price stage, and the current mainstream technology is a multi-stage sliding sleeve staged fracturing technology commonly used for horizontal well mining. One key component of the technology is the fracturing tool, including a temporary plugging ball, a ball seat, a bridge plug, a sliding sleeve and the like. The tool has the characteristics of dissolubility, good strength and elongation rate and the like in the fracturing process. Most of the existing materials on the market at present contain rare earth or nickel with high price, so that the material cost is greatly increased, and the application and popularization of the materials are also hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, aiming at solving the technical problems of high cost and overlong degradation time of the magnesium alloy material at present.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in the first aspect of the invention, the low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy is Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Cu-Fe magnesium alloy and consists of the following elements in percentage by mass: al: 3-25wt%, Ca: 0.20-1.Owt%, Zn: 2-15wt%, Cu: 1.2-3.0wt%, Fe: 1.5-5.0wt%, and the balance of Mg and other impurity elements.
Wherein the impurity elements are inevitable impurity elements brought by raw materials in the smelting process, and the weight percentage of the impurity elements is less than 0.1 percent.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the above-mentioned low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy, comprising the steps of: weighing a pure magnesium ingot, a pure aluminum ingot, a Mg-Ca intermediate alloy, a Mg-Zn intermediate alloy and a Mg-Cu intermediate alloy; introducing protective gas, smelting and casting into an ingot; homogenizing the cast ingot, cutting into blanks with corresponding sizes, and peeling; hot extrusion to obtain a bar; the hot extrusion conditions are as follows: the extrusion temperature is 350-; the extrusion temperature is preferably 350 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the Mg-Al-Ca-Z of the inventionThe grain size of the n-Cu-Fe alloy is refined through Ca, so that ingot segregation is reduced, Cu and Fe in the material are uniformly distributed, and fine and dispersed Mg is formed2Cu and Mg2Fe, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid corrosion and dissolution.
(2) The alloy of the invention weakens the basal plane texture of the magnesium alloy by adding Ca element, thereby improving the elongation of the material. In addition, Ca has the effects of flame retardance and oxidation resistance, and the ignition point of the alloy is improved. Thereby reducing the dosage of protective gas in the smelting process; no gas shielding is required during the homogenization process.
(3) The Al element is added into the alloy, so that the strength of the material is improved in a solid solution strengthening mode, and a small amount of high-melting-point (Mg, Al) can be formed2The Ca second phase improves the strength of the material by means of dispersion strengthening.
(4) The rapid corrosion magnesium alloy can be rapidly extruded under the conditions of high temperature of 350-400 ℃ and extrusion ratio of less than 10 to obtain the soluble magnesium alloy with good mechanical property. The deformation caused by introducing the protective gas and the small extrusion ratio can reduce the deformation resistance in the processing process, improve the forming speed and reduce the equipment loss on one hand, and can process large-size products by adopting small-tonnage equipment and reduce the investment of equipment and other fixed assets on the other hand.
(5) The soluble magnesium alloy of the invention adds a small amount of cheaper Fe element, thus increasing the cost of the alloy less; meanwhile, the material has high processing rate and low cost, so the application prospect is better.
The rapid corrosion magnesium alloy does not contain expensive rare earth elements, has good mechanical property and higher corrosion rate on the basis of realizing low cost, and is a rapid corrosion magnesium alloy with good comprehensive performance.
Detailed Description
In view of the problems in the background art, the invention provides, in a first aspect, a low-cost rapid-corrosion magnesium alloy, which is a Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Cu-Fe magnesium alloy, and comprises the following elements by mass percent: 3-25wt%, Ca: 0.20-1.Owt%, Zn: 2-15wt%, Cu: 1.20-3.0wt%, Fe 1.50-5wt%, and Mg and other impurity elements for the rest.
Because of active chemical properties of the magnesium alloy, oxidation combustion is easy to occur in the melting and casting processes under the condition of no protection, the ignition temperature of the alloy can be improved by proper alloying, and the cost and the accident risk in the melting and casting processes are reduced; in addition, the magnesium alloy belongs to a close-packed hexagonal metal structure, a room-temperature slip system is less, hot forming processing is needed, high alloying can increase material cost, and the forming performance is reduced, namely defects such as oxidation, cracks and the like are easy to occur in the extrusion process. Therefore, the selection and content control of alloying elements have a significant influence on the processing cost of the material and the product quality, mechanical properties and dissolution rate. The magnesium alloy achieves the purposes of low cost, easy forming, proper mechanical property and quick corrosion by optimizing the alloy elements and the content thereof.
A1 is the most economical element for improving the strength of wrought magnesium alloy. The Ca element can obviously improve the ignition temperature of the magnesium alloy and refine the ingot casting structure. In addition, a1 and Ca can form a 2Ca phase with Mg, which has a higher melting point. The strength of the magnesium alloy is improved and better elongation is kept through the micro-alloying of Al and Ca. Cu and Fe are conventionally considered as impurity elements, which increase the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys. The invention obtains fine Mg in the magnesium alloy structure by controlling the contents of Cu and Fe elements2Cu and Mg2Fe phase, so that the rapidly corroding magnesium alloy can be prepared.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a low-cost rapidly corroding magnesium alloy, comprising the steps of: weighing a pure magnesium ingot, a pure aluminum ingot, a Mg-Ca intermediate alloy, a Mg-Zn intermediate alloy and a Mg-Cu intermediate alloy; introducing protective gas, smelting and casting into an ingot; homogenizing the cast ingot, cutting into blanks with corresponding sizes, and peeling; hot extrusion to obtain a bar; the hot extrusion conditions are as follows: the extrusion temperature is 350-; the extrusion temperature is preferably 350 ℃. The method has the advantages of small extrusion ratio, high extrusion speed and reduced equipment loss.
Furthermore, the hot extrusion conditions comprise that the extrusion temperature is 350 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 8, and the extrusion speed is 20m/min. The invention can prepare the bar with larger size by adopting the lower extrusion ratio, and can reduce the tonnage of the required extruder equipment.
Further, the step of smelting and casting into ingots comprises the steps of weighing pure magnesium ingots, pure aluminum ingots, Mg-Ca intermediate alloy, Mg-Zn intermediate alloy and Mg-Cu intermediate alloy according to the proportion, introducing protective gas, smelting at the temperature of 720-plus-740 ℃, preserving heat for 40-60min, stirring for 5-lOmin, refining for 20-30min, heating to the temperature of 740-plus-760 ℃ after refining, standing for 30-40min, and casting into ingots at the temperature of 720-plus-740 ℃; smelting at 730 deg.C, maintaining the temperature for 60min, stirring lOmin, refining for 20min, heating to 760 deg.C after refining, standing for 40min, and casting into ingot at 720 deg.C.
Further, the shielding gas used is CO2And SF6Mixed gas of (2), CO2And SF6The volume ratio is 200-400: 1; preferably, CO2And SF6The volume ratio is 300: l, and the effect of preventing the mixed gas from generating oxidation in the preparation process of the alloy is most remarkable.
Further, the homogenization treatment is carried out at 480-520 ℃ for 1-4h, the cooling method is air cooling, and then the raw materials are cut into corresponding blanks and peeled; preferably, the homogenization treatment is carried out at 500 ℃ for a holding time of 2 h. The invention adopts higher homogenization temperature, on one hand, the invention can promote the micro-alloy to be dissolved into the magnesium alloy matrix as soon as possible, and the heat treatment cost is reduced; on the other hand, the homogenization heat preservation time can be shortened, and the cast structure can be prevented from coarsening.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1A Low cost fast Corrosion magnesium alloy
The low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy is Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Cu-Fe magnesium alloy and consists of the following elements in percentage by mass, 13.00 percent of Al, 9.0 percent of Zn and 0.4 percent of CaCu 2.0wt%, Fe3.0wt%, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements. Weighing raw materials according to a ratio, wherein the raw materials adopt a pure magnesium ingot, a pure aluminum ingot, Mg-25% Ca intermediate alloy and Mg-30% Cu intermediate alloy; in CO2+SF6Smelting at 720 ℃ under the protection of mixed gas (volume ratio of 300:1), preserving heat for 60min, stirring lOmin, refining for 20min, heating to 740 ℃ after refining, standing for 30min, and casting into ingots at 720 ℃.
Homogenizing the cast ingot of example 1 at 520 ℃ for 2h, cooling by air cooling, cutting into corresponding blanks, and peeling. And extruding the blank obtained in the last step into a bar by an extruder under the conditions of extrusion temperature of 350 ℃, extrusion ratio of 5 and extrusion speed of 20m/min, thus obtaining the bar.
Example 2A Low cost fast Corrosion magnesium alloy
The low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy is Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Cu-Fe magnesium alloy and consists of the following elements in percentage by mass: 25.00wt% of Al, 2.0wt% of Zn, 0.2wt% of Ca, 3.0wt% of Cu and 1.5wt% of Fe, and weighing raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials comprise a pure magnesium ingot, a pure aluminum ingot, a Mg-25% Ca intermediate alloy, a Mg-10% Zn intermediate alloy and a Mg-30% Cu intermediate alloy; in CO2+SF6Smelting at 740 ℃ under the protection of mixed gas (volume ratio of 400:1), preserving heat for 40min, stirring for 5min, refining for 30min, raising temperature to 760 ℃ after refining, standing for 40min, and casting into ingots at 740 ℃. Extruding the blank obtained in the last step into a bar by an extruder under the conditions of extrusion temperature of 400 ℃, extrusion ratio of 8 and extrusion speed of 20m/min.
Homogenizing the cast ingot of example 2 at 500 ℃ for 2h, cooling by air cooling, cutting into corresponding blanks, and peeling. Extruding the blank obtained in the last step into a bar by an extruder under the conditions of extrusion temperature of 400 ℃, extrusion ratio of 8 and extrusion speed of 20m/min.
Example 3A Low cost fast Corrosion magnesium alloy
The low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy is Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Cu-Fe magnesium alloy and comprises the following elements by mass percent, Al3.0wt%, Zn 15wt% and Ca 0.75wt%2.8 wt% of Cu, 2.0wt% of Fe, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements. Weighing raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials adopt a pure magnesium ingot, a pure aluminum ingot, Mg-25% Ca intermediate alloy, Mg-10% Zn intermediate alloy and Mg-30% Cu intermediate alloy; in CO2+SF6Smelting at 720 ℃ under the protection of mixed gas (volume ratio of 400:1), preserving heat for 40min, stirring for 5min, refining for 30min, heating to 750 ℃ after refining, standing for 30min, and casting into ingots at 730 ℃.
Homogenizing the ingot of example 3 at 510 ℃ for an incubation time lh, cooling by air cooling, cutting into corresponding billets and peeling. Extruding the blank obtained in the last step into a bar by an extruder under the conditions of extrusion temperature of 390 ℃, extrusion ratio of 10 and extrusion speed of 10 m/min.
Example 4A Low cost fast Corrosion magnesium alloy
The low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy is Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Cu-Fe magnesium alloy and comprises the following elements, by mass, 19.0% of Al19, 4% of Zn, 0.30% of Ca, 1.8% of Cu, 4.0% of Fe, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements. Weighing raw materials according to a ratio, wherein the raw materials adopt a pure magnesium ingot, a pure aluminum ingot, Mg-10% Zn intermediate alloy, Mg-25% Ca intermediate alloy and Mg-30% Cu intermediate alloy; in CO2+SF6Smelting at 720 ℃ under the protection of mixed gas (volume ratio of 300:1), preserving heat for 40min, stirring lOmin, refining for 30min, heating to 740 ℃ after refining, standing for 30min, and casting into ingots at 720 ℃.
Homogenizing the cast ingot of example 4 at 500 ℃ for 2h, cooling by air cooling, cutting into corresponding blanks, and peeling. Extruding the blank obtained in the last step into a bar by an extruder under the conditions of extrusion temperature of 380 ℃, extrusion ratio of 10 and extrusion speed of 5 m/min.
Example 5A Low cost fast Corrosion magnesium alloy
The low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy is Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Cu-Fe magnesium alloy and comprises the following elements, by mass, 11.0% of Al11, 7.0% of Zn, 0.6% of Ca, 1.20% of Cu, 5.00% of Fe, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements. In CO2+SF6Smelting at 720 ℃ under the protection of mixed gas (volume ratio of 300:1), preserving heat for 60min, stirring lOmin, refining for 20min, heating to 740 ℃ after refining, standing for 30min, and casting into ingots at 720 ℃.
Homogenizing the cast ingot of example 5 at 520 ℃ for 2h, cooling by air cooling, cutting into corresponding blanks, and peeling. And extruding the blank obtained in the last step into a bar by an extruder under the conditions of extrusion temperature of 350 ℃, extrusion ratio of 5 and extrusion speed of 20m/min, thus obtaining the bar.
Example 6A Low cost fast Corrosion magnesium alloy
The low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy is Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Cu-Fe magnesium alloy and comprises the following elements, by mass, 5.00wt% of Al, 12.0wt% of Zn, 1.0wt% of Ca1.0 wt% of Cu, 2.0wt% of Fe, 4.0wt% of Mg and inevitable impurity elements. Weighing raw materials according to a ratio, wherein the raw materials adopt a pure magnesium ingot, a pure aluminum ingot, Mg-25% Ca intermediate alloy and Mg-30% Cu intermediate alloy; in CO2+SF6Smelting at 720 ℃ under the protection of mixed gas (volume ratio of 300:1), preserving heat for 60min, stirring lOmin, refining for 20min, heating to 740 ℃ after refining, standing for 30min, and casting into ingots at 720 ℃.
Homogenizing the cast ingot of example 6 at 520 ℃ for 2h, cooling by air cooling, cutting into corresponding blanks and peeling. And extruding the blank obtained in the last step into a bar by an extruder under the conditions of extrusion temperature of 350 ℃, extrusion ratio of 5 and extrusion speed of 20m/min, thus obtaining the bar.
Example 7 preparation method of low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy
The low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy is Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Cu-Fe magnesium alloy and comprises the following elements, by mass, 21.00% of Al, 3.0% of Zn, 0.5% of Ca, 2.6% of Cu and 3.5% of Fe, raw materials are weighed according to the proportion, and the raw materials adopt a pure magnesium ingot, a pure aluminum ingot, a Mg-25% Ca intermediate alloy, a Mg-10% Zn intermediate alloy and a Mg-30% Cu intermediate alloy; in CO2+SF6Smelting at 740 deg.C under the protection of mixed gas (volume ratio of 400:1), keeping the temperature for 40min, stirring for 5min, andrefining for 30min, heating to 760 ℃, standing for 40min, and casting into ingots at 740 ℃.
Homogenizing the cast ingot of example 7 at 500 ℃ for 2h, cooling by air cooling, cutting into corresponding blanks and peeling. Extruding the blank obtained in the last step into a bar by an extruder under the conditions of extrusion temperature of 400 ℃, extrusion ratio of 8 and extrusion speed of 20m/min.
The mechanical property and the corrosion performance of each group of alloys are measured (see the table below), the mechanical property test method is carried out according to GB T228.1-2010, and the corrosion performance test conditions are that a sample with the phi 20\20min is placed in a 3% KC1 aqueous solution with the mass fraction of 93 ℃, the weight of corrosion per hour is tested, and the corrosion rate is the weight of corrosion/(the surface area of the sample multiplied by time).
Comparing the room temperature mechanical properties and the high temperature dissolution rates of the magnesium alloys of examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, it can be seen that: the room temperature mechanical property of the prepared low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy is gradually improved, and the corrosion rate of the alloy in a 3% KC1 solution at 93 ℃ is obviously increased along with the change of the preparation method, which indicates that the corrosion property is gradually improved. Comparing the examples 1, 6 and 7, it can be seen that: the mechanical property of the material is further enhanced along with the increase of the extrusion ratio, and the invention can achieve better performance by adopting smaller extrusion ratio, thereby being beneficial to the popularization and application of the alloy and the preparation method.
Claims (1)
1. A preparation method of a low-cost rapid corrosion magnesium alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: al19.0wt%, Zn 4wt%, Ca 0.30wt%, Cu 1.8wt%, Fe4.0 wt%, and the balance of Mg and inevitable impurity elements; the preparation method is characterized by comprising the following steps: weighing raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials adopt a pure magnesium ingot, a pure aluminum ingot, Mg-10% Zn intermediate alloy, Mg-25% Ca intermediate alloy and Mg-30% Cu intermediate alloy; in CO2+SF6Smelting at 720 ℃ under the protection of mixed gas with the volume ratio of 300:1, preserving heat for 40min, stirring lOmin, refining for 30min, heating to 740 ℃ after refining, standing for 30min, and casting into ingots at 720 ℃;
homogenizing the cast ingot at 500 deg.C for 2h, cooling by air cooling, cutting into corresponding blanks, and peeling; extruding the obtained blank into a bar by an extruder under the conditions of extrusion temperature of 380 ℃, extrusion ratio of 10 and extrusion speed of 5 m/min.
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