CN111168099B - Method for precisely machining multiple holes on workpiece by digital display milling and boring machine - Google Patents
Method for precisely machining multiple holes on workpiece by digital display milling and boring machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for accurately machining multiple holes on a workpiece by adopting a digital display boring and milling machineOn a design drawing of a piece, a design rectangular coordinate system is established to obtain rectangular coordinates of a hole, the design rectangular coordinate system and a processing rectangular coordinate system are drawn on the drawing, and a deflection angle is calculated
Converting the rectangular coordinates of the holes into polar coordinates and adding deflection angles
And then converting the coordinates to rectangular coordinates to obtain the processing coordinates of the holes, and accurately machining multiple holes on the workpiece by adopting a digital display milling and boring machine according to the processing coordinates of the holes. The invention determines the deflection angle of the workpiece fixed on the digital display boring and milling machine by establishing a designed rectangular coordinate system and a processed rectangular coordinate system
And then, calculating to obtain the machining coordinates of the holes by using the Excel table, solving the problem of workpiece deflection caused by the adoption of a digital display boring and milling machine to machine the holes, and realizing the accurate machining of the holes on the workpiece by the digital display boring and milling machine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining of metal materials, and particularly relates to a method for accurately machining multiple holes on a workpiece by adopting a digital display boring and milling machine.
Background
The assembly of mechanical equipment and equipment can not be separated from screws, pins or rivets with various sizes, the screws, pins or rivets are matched with the mechanical equipment and are holes with various sizes, in the mechanical equipment, the parts with the holes generally occupy 60 to 80 percent of the total number of the parts, for complex parts, a plurality of holes are required to be processed on a single processing surface, on the premise of ensuring the size and the roughness of each hole to be processed, the accuracy of the positions between the holes and a reference point/line/surface is also required to be ensured, great challenges are brought to the machining of the porous parts, and aiming at the problem, the existing solutions are roughly three types: the method I is processed by using a numerical control processing center, the method requires parts to complete integral machining in the numerical control processing center, the processing cost is high, professional equipment operators are required, and a certain threshold is met; firstly, manufacturing a one-to-one proportional positioning die sleeve according to a drawing before drilling, marking the position of each hole to be machined on the die sleeve, then installing the die sleeve on a part to be machined, and drilling, wherein the method brings extra material cost and labor cost, increases the manufacturing period and ensures the precision of the hole position difficultly; and thirdly, machining the integral multi-shaft bench drill for one-time drilling, wherein the method needs to customize a special cutter, is high in cost and is not suitable for non-batch manufacturing, the three methods have defects of different degrees, and people urgently hope to obtain a method for accurately machining the porous parts with excellent technical effect and low cost.
In the prior art, a method for machining multiple holes on a workpiece by adopting a digital display boring and milling machine is adopted, but when the workpiece is fixed on the digital display boring and milling machine, the workpiece can deflect at a certain angle, so that the machined multiple holes have certain angular offset, and no solution exists at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for accurately machining multiple holes on a workpiece by adopting a digital display boring and milling machine aiming at the defects of the prior art. The method determines the deflection angle of a workpiece fixed on a digital display boring and milling machine by establishing a design rectangular coordinate system and a processing rectangular coordinate system
And then, the rectangular coordinate of the hole to be processed is converted to obtain the processing coordinate of the hole to be processed, so that the problem of deflection caused by fixing a workpiece by a digital display boring and milling machine is solved, and the purpose of accurately machining multiple holes on the workpiece by the digital display boring and milling machine is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for precisely machining multiple holes on a workpiece by using a digital display boring and milling machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fixing a porous workpiece to be processed on a digital display boring and milling machine, then taking the rotation center of the porous workpiece to be processed as a coordinate origin O, and establishing a rectangular coordinate system on the porous workpiece to be processed along the horizontal and vertical directions of the processing of the digital display boring and milling machine to obtain a processing rectangular coordinate system X 'OY';
secondly, on a design drawing of the multi-hole workpiece to be machined, taking a rotation center of the multi-hole workpiece to be machined when the multi-hole workpiece to be machined is fixed as a coordinate origin O, establishing a rectangular coordinate system along the horizontal and vertical directions of the design drawing to obtain a designed rectangular coordinate system XOY, and obtaining a rectangular coordinate of each hole to be machined on the multi-hole workpiece to be machined according to the obtained designed rectangular coordinate system XOY;
step three, drawing the machining rectangular coordinate system X 'OY' obtained in the step one and the design rectangular coordinate system XOY obtained in the step two on a drawing under the condition that the position of each hole to be machined in the two coordinate systems is coincident with the original position to obtain a coordinate conversion drawing;
step four, calculating the deflection angle of the X axis of the design rectangular coordinate system XOY and the X ' axis of the processing rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' in the coordinate conversion drawing obtained in the step three
Wherein,
has the unit of radian
The calculation process comprises the following steps: selecting a point P on a coordinate conversion drawing, wherein the coordinate of the point P on a designed rectangular coordinate system XOY is (m, n), the coordinate of the point P in a processed rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' is (m ', n '), and when an X ' axis of the processed rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' deflects towards a counterclockwise direction relative to an X axis of the designed rectangular coordinate system XOY, the deflection angle is determined
When the X ' axis of the machining rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' is deflected clockwise relative to the X axis of the design rectangular coordinate system XOY, the deflection angle
Step five, converting the rectangular coordinates of each hole to be machined obtained in the step two into the polar coordinates of each hole to be machined by taking the coordinate origin O in the step one as the pole point and the X axis of the designed rectangular coordinate system XOY as the polar axis, and then adding the polar angle theta in the obtained polar coordinates of each hole to be machined to the deflection angle obtained in the step four
Then the additional deflection angle
Converting the polar coordinate of each hole to be machined into a rectangular coordinate, wherein the obtained rectangular coordinate is the machining coordinate of each hole to be machined;
and step six, accurately machining multiple holes on the workpiece to be machined by the digital display milling and boring machine obtained in the step one according to the machining coordinates of each hole to be machined obtained in the step five.
The method for accurately machining the multiple holes on the workpiece by adopting the digital display boring and milling machine is characterized in that the process of obtaining the machining coordinate of each hole to be machined in the fifth step is as follows: the abscissa X, the ordinate Y and the deflection angle in the rectangular coordinates of each hole to be processed
Respectively inputting into an Excel table, setting rho-SQRT (X ^2+ Y ^2) and theta-ATAN 2(X, Y) as calculation formulas of the Excel table for calculation to obtain the polar coordinates of each hole to be processed, and then, calculating the polar coordinates of each hole to be processed
And
calculating by a calculation formula set as an Excel table to obtain a machining coordinate of each hole to be machined, wherein rho is a polar diameter in a polar coordinate, theta is a polar angle in the polar coordinate, a is an abscissa in the machining coordinate, and b is a ordinate in the machining coordinate; the SQRT, ATAN2, COS and SIN are functions in an Excel table. The invention utilizes Excel table to convert coordinates, and only needs to input the rectangular coordinates and deflection angles of each hole to be processed of the workpiece with multiple holes to be processed
The machining coordinates of each hole to be machined can be directly calculated, calculation is not needed one by one, and production efficiency is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention adopts the establishment of a designed rectangular coordinate system and a processing rectangular coordinate system to determine the deflection angle of a workpiece fixed on a digital display boring and milling machine
Then converting the rectangular coordinates of the hole to be processed into polar coordinates, and adding a deflection angle to the obtained polar coordinates
Then the additional deflection angle
The polar coordinates are converted back to rectangular coordinates to obtain the processing coordinates of the holes to be processed, the problem that the horizontal line of the workpiece is difficult to align when the digital display boring and milling machine is used for processing the workpiece is solved, the problem of deflection caused by fixing the workpiece by the digital display boring and milling machine is solved, the blank of the technical field is made up, and the purpose of accurately machining multiple holes on the workpiece by the digital display boring and milling machine is achieved.
2. The method provided by the invention is adopted to accurately machine multiple holes on the workpiece, and through actual measurement, the size and the position of each hole on the workpiece processed by the method provided by the invention can completely meet the design requirements; the invention utilizes the Excel table to convert the coordinates, is simple and convenient, does not need to carry out a large amount of calculation, and improves the working efficiency.
3. The method provided by the invention does not need to modify the existing equipment or additionally install any accessory, and has extremely low cost and convenient operation.
4. The method provided by the invention is simple and efficient, low in technical threshold and wide in application range.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a coordinate transformation drawing obtained by the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot to be processed with 75 threaded holes according to example 1 of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot fixed on a digital display boring and milling machine in the embodiment 1 of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a drawing showing the coordinate transformation of a TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a physical diagram of TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot with 75 precisely machined threaded holes obtained in example 1 of the invention.
Detailed Description
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a coordinate transformation diagram obtained by the present invention, and it can be seen from FIG. 1 that the designed rectangular coordinate system XOY and the processed rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' share a coordinate origin O, and the X ' axis of the processed rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' has a deflection angle in a counterclockwise direction with respect to the X axis of the designed rectangular coordinate system XOY
The deflection of (2) is to take a point P on the design rectangular coordinate system XOY and the processing rectangular coordinate system X 'OY', the coordinates of the point P on the design rectangular coordinate system XOY are (m, n), the coordinates of the point P in the processing rectangular coordinate system X 'OY' are (m ', n'), and the coordinates of [ theta ] POX are1Angle POX' is theta2Angle of deflection
Example 1
In this embodiment, 75 threaded holes are machined in a TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot, as shown in fig. 2, wherein a black contour line is a contour of a TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot, a hollow circle is a hole in a TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot, and a solid circle is a threaded hole to be machined in a TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot.
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
fixing a TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot on a digital display boring and milling machine, wherein the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot deflects by taking a point O as a rotation center, and as shown in FIG. 3, establishing a rectangular coordinate system along the horizontal and vertical directions of the digital display boring and milling machine to obtain a processed rectangular coordinate system X 'OY', wherein the rotation center of the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot is taken as a coordinate origin O;
secondly, on a design drawing of the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot, taking the rotation center of the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot as a coordinate origin O, establishing a rectangular coordinate system along the horizontal and vertical directions of the design drawing to obtain a designed rectangular coordinate system XOY, and obtaining rectangular coordinates of 75 threaded holes according to the obtained designed rectangular coordinate system XOY;
step three, drawing the machining rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' obtained in the step one and the design rectangular coordinate system XOY obtained in the step two on a drawing under the condition that the position of each hole to be machined in the two coordinate systems is coincident with the original position, wherein the X ' axis of the machining rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' is subjected to deflection angle in the anticlockwise direction relative to the X axis of the design rectangular coordinate system XOY
Obtaining a coordinate transformation drawing as shown in fig. 4;
step four, selecting a point P on the coordinate conversion drawing obtained in step three, wherein the coordinate of the point P on the design rectangular coordinate system XOY is (m, n), where m is 12.10 and n is 5.30, and the coordinate of the point P in the processing rectangular coordinate system X 'OY' is (m ', n'), where m 'is 11.64 and n' is 6.23, and obtaining the deflection angle
Step five, obtaining the X and Y coordinates of the abscissa and the Y coordinates of the rectangular coordinates of the 75 threaded holes obtained in the step two and the deflection angle obtained in the step four
Respectively inputting into an Excel table, setting rho-SQRT (X ^2+ Y ^2) and theta-ATAN 2(X, Y) as calculation formulas of the Excel table for calculation to obtain polar coordinates (rho, theta) of 75 threaded holes, and then calculating
And
calculating a calculation formula set as an Excel table to obtain machining coordinates (a, b) of 75 threaded holes, as shown in table 1, wherein ρ is the polar diameter of the threaded hole, θ is the polar angle of the threaded hole, a is the machining abscissa of the threaded hole, and b is the machining ordinate of the threaded hole;
and step six, accurately machining 75 threaded holes on the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot by the digital display milling and boring machine according to the machining coordinates of the 75 threaded holes obtained in the step five to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot with the 75 threaded holes accurately machined, as shown in FIG. 5.
Table 1 abscissa, ordinate, deflection angle and calculation results of 75 screw holes of example 1
Through detection, the size and the position of 75 threaded holes in the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot precisely machined with the 75 threaded holes obtained in the embodiment meet the design requirements.
Example 2
In the embodiment, 19 threaded holes are machined in a TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot.
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
fixing a TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot on a digital display boring and milling machine, taking the rotation center of the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot as a coordinate origin O, and establishing a rectangular coordinate system along the horizontal and vertical directions of the digital display boring and milling machine to obtain a processed rectangular coordinate system X 'OY';
secondly, on a design drawing of the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot, taking the rotation center of the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot as a coordinate origin O, establishing a rectangular coordinate system along the horizontal and vertical directions of the design drawing to obtain a designed rectangular coordinate system XOY, and obtaining rectangular coordinates of 19 threaded holes according to the obtained designed rectangular coordinate system XOY;
step three, drawing the machining rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' obtained in the step one and the design rectangular coordinate system XOY obtained in the step two on a drawing under the condition that the position of each hole to be machined in the two coordinate systems is coincident with the original position, wherein the X ' axis of the machining rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' generates a deflection angle in the clockwise direction relative to the X axis of the design rectangular coordinate system XOY
Obtaining a coordinate conversion drawing;
step four, selecting a point P on the coordinate conversion drawing obtained in step three, wherein the coordinate of the point P on the design rectangular coordinate system XOY is (m, n), where m is 3.51 and n is 2.02, and the coordinate of the point P in the processing rectangular coordinate system X 'OY' is (m ', n'), where m 'is 3.04 and n' is 2.68, and obtaining the deflection angle
Step five, the 19 threaded holes obtained in the step two are processedThe X and Y coordinates in the rectangular coordinate and the deflection angle obtained in the step four
Respectively inputting into an Excel table, setting rho-SQRT (X ^2+ Y ^2) and theta-ATAN 2(X, Y) as calculation formulas of the Excel table for calculation to obtain polar coordinates (rho, theta) of 19 threaded holes, and then calculating
And
calculating by a calculation formula set as an Excel table to obtain machining coordinates (a, b) of 19 threaded holes, as shown in table 2, wherein ρ is the polar diameter of the threaded hole, θ is the polar angle of the threaded hole, a is the machining abscissa of the threaded hole, and b is the machining ordinate of the threaded hole;
and step six, accurately machining the 19 threaded holes on the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot by the digital display milling and boring machine according to the machining coordinates of the 19 threaded holes obtained in the step five to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot with the 19 threaded holes accurately machined.
TABLE 2 abscissa, ordinate, deflection angle and calculation results of 19 screw holes of example 2
Through detection, the size and the position of the 19 threaded holes in the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot precisely machined with the 19 threaded holes obtained by the embodiment meet the design requirements.
Example 3
In the embodiment, 19 threaded holes are machined in a TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot.
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
fixing a TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot on a digital display boring and milling machine, taking the rotation center of the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot as a coordinate origin O, and establishing a rectangular coordinate system along the horizontal and vertical directions of the digital display boring and milling machine to obtain a processed rectangular coordinate system X 'OY';
secondly, on a design drawing of the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot, taking the rotation center of the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical cast ingot as a coordinate origin O, establishing a rectangular coordinate system along the horizontal and vertical directions of the design drawing to obtain a designed rectangular coordinate system XOY, and obtaining rectangular coordinates of 19 threaded holes according to the obtained designed rectangular coordinate system XOY;
step three, drawing the machining rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' obtained in the step one and the design rectangular coordinate system XOY obtained in the step two on a drawing under the condition that the position of each hole to be machined in the two coordinate systems is coincident with the original position, wherein the X ' axis of the machining rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' is subjected to deflection angle in the anticlockwise direction relative to the X axis of the design rectangular coordinate system XOY
Obtaining a coordinate conversion drawing;
step four, selecting a point P on the coordinate conversion drawing obtained in step three, wherein the coordinate of the point P on the design rectangular coordinate system XOY is (m, n), where m is 3.51 and n is 2.02, and the coordinate of the point P in the processing rectangular coordinate system X 'OY' is (m ', n'), where m 'is 3.04 and n' is 2.68, and obtaining the deflection angle
Step five, obtaining the X and Y coordinates of the abscissa and the Y coordinates of the rectangular coordinates of the 19 threaded holes obtained in the step two and the deflection angle obtained in the step four
Respectively inputting into an Excel table, setting rho-SQRT (X ^2+ Y ^2) and theta-ATAN 2(X, Y) as calculation formulas of the Excel table for calculation to obtain polar coordinates (rho, theta) of 19 threaded holes, and then calculating
And
calculating by a calculation formula set as an Excel table to obtain machining coordinates (a, b) of 19 threaded holes, as shown in table 3, wherein ρ is the polar diameter of the threaded hole, θ is the polar angle of the threaded hole, a is the machining abscissa of the threaded hole, and b is the machining ordinate of the threaded hole;
and step six, accurately machining the 19 threaded holes on the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot by the digital display milling and boring machine according to the machining coordinates of the 19 threaded holes obtained in the step five to obtain the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot with the 19 threaded holes accurately machined.
TABLE 3 abscissa, ordinate, deflection angle and calculation results of 19 screw holes of example 3
Through detection, the size and the position of the 19 threaded holes in the TC4 titanium alloy cylindrical ingot precisely machined with the 19 threaded holes obtained by the embodiment meet the design requirements.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for precisely machining multiple holes on a workpiece by using a digital display boring and milling machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
fixing a porous workpiece to be processed on a digital display boring and milling machine, then taking the rotation center of the porous workpiece to be processed as a coordinate origin O, and establishing a rectangular coordinate system on the porous workpiece to be processed along the horizontal and vertical directions of the processing of the digital display boring and milling machine to obtain a processing rectangular coordinate system X 'OY';
secondly, on a design drawing of the multi-hole workpiece to be machined, taking a rotation center of the multi-hole workpiece to be machined when the multi-hole workpiece to be machined is fixed as a coordinate origin O, establishing a rectangular coordinate system along the horizontal and vertical directions of the design drawing to obtain a designed rectangular coordinate system XOY, and obtaining a rectangular coordinate of each hole to be machined on the multi-hole workpiece to be machined according to the obtained designed rectangular coordinate system XOY;
step three, drawing the machining rectangular coordinate system X 'OY' obtained in the step one and the design rectangular coordinate system XOY obtained in the step two on a drawing under the condition that the position of each hole to be machined in the two coordinate systems is coincident with the original position to obtain a coordinate conversion drawing;
step four, calculating the deflection angle of the X axis of the design rectangular coordinate system XOY and the X ' axis of the processing rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' in the coordinate conversion drawing obtained in the step three
Wherein,
has the unit of radian
The calculation process comprises the following steps: selecting a point P on a coordinate conversion drawing, wherein the coordinate of the point P on a designed rectangular coordinate system XOY is (m, n), the coordinate of the point P in a processed rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' is (m ', n '), and when an X ' axis of the processed rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' deflects towards a counterclockwise direction relative to an X axis of the designed rectangular coordinate system XOY, the deflection angle is determined
When the X ' axis of the machining rectangular coordinate system X ' OY ' is deflected clockwise relative to the X axis of the design rectangular coordinate system XOY, the deflection angle
Step five, obtaining the rectangular coordinate of each hole to be machined in the step two by using the seat in the step oneTaking a standard origin O as a pole, converting an X axis of a designed rectangular coordinate system XOY as a polar axis into a polar coordinate of each hole to be machined, and adding a polar angle theta in the obtained polar coordinate of each hole to be machined to obtain a deflection angle in the fourth step
Then the additional deflection angle
Converting the polar coordinate of each hole to be machined into a rectangular coordinate, wherein the obtained rectangular coordinate is the machining coordinate of each hole to be machined; the process of obtaining the machining coordinate of each hole to be machined comprises the following steps: the abscissa X, the ordinate Y and the deflection angle in the rectangular coordinates of each hole to be processed
Respectively inputting into an Excel table, setting rho-SQRT (X ^2+ Y ^2) and theta-ATAN 2(X, Y) as calculation formulas of the Excel table for calculation to obtain the polar coordinates of each hole to be processed, and then, calculating the polar coordinates of each hole to be processed
And
calculating by a calculation formula set as an Excel table to obtain a machining coordinate of each hole to be machined, wherein rho is a polar diameter in a polar coordinate, theta is a polar angle in the polar coordinate, a is an abscissa in the machining coordinate, and b is a ordinate in the machining coordinate; the SQRT, ATAN2, COS and SIN are functions in an Excel table;
and step six, accurately machining multiple holes on the workpiece to be machined by the digital display milling and boring machine obtained in the step one according to the machining coordinates of each hole to be machined obtained in the step five.
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