CN111160881A - Method and system for decentralized side-chain issuance of anchored backbone tokens - Google Patents
Method and system for decentralized side-chain issuance of anchored backbone tokens Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a decentralized side chain issuing and anchoring main chain token method and a decentralized side chain issuing and anchoring main chain token system, relates to the technical field of block chain finance, and solves the technical problem of decentralized block chain cross-chain token exchange transaction. After the verification of the verification node set passes the verification of the multiple signature mechanism, initiating a second transaction at the side chain to obtain a second transaction unique identifier; the main chain account then sends the original random string to the side chain account. The side chain account extracts tokens in the side chain; the verification node set transfers the exchange token in the main chain into the multi-signature contract on the main chain through a multi-signature mechanism. The method solves the atomicity problem of exchange transaction of the cross-chain token through the HTLC, solves the centralized service problem of the verification nodes in the transaction process through a multiple signature mechanism, can be executed only if a plurality of verification nodes sign and confirm the transaction, and has high safety.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of blockchain financial technologies, and in particular, to a method and system for decentralized side-chain issuance of anchored-backbone tokens.
Background
The existing block chain technology has the bottlenecks of performance, capacity, privacy, isolation and expansibility under a single chain architecture. Transaction requests that can be processed by bitcoin networks are 7 per second, 20 per second for etherhouses, 3000 per second for EOS and wavefields using DPOS technology, 1000 per second for fabra consensus algorithm at Facebook, which is a big gap compared to payment applications that handle tens of thousands of transactions per second for VISA serving hundreds of millions of users. Therefore, the main development direction of the existing public link technology is to solve the problem of impossible triangulation in the field of block links, and needs to be realized with the help of the characteristics of extensibility, isolation, high performance, interoperability and the like of a multi-link architecture brought by a cross-link technology.
The current chain-crossing technology mainly comprises a notary mechanism, HTLC (Hash time locking contract) and a side chain technology. The notary mechanism is the simplest of all cross-chain technologies, is used more at present, removes trust required by transaction participants, and a connector cannot lose or steal funds, so that the notary mechanism does not need to be protected and subjected to excessive auditing of legal contracts, and the threshold is greatly reduced. But the greatest disadvantage of notary mechanism is also evident, too centralized, contrary to the original purpose of blockchains.
HTLC was first to appear in the lightning network of Bingworth, and cross-chaining asset exchange supports atomic exchange of a certain number of A-chain assets and a certain number of B-chain assets. The HTLC has some constraints, for example, both parties performing cross-link asset exchange must be able to parse contract internal data of both parties, and a time difference needs to be ensured during time setting, so that when one party cheats, the other party can withdraw own assets in time.
Sidechain technology may enable the transfer of digital assets from a first blockchain, commonly referred to as a main blockchain or backbone, to a second blockchain, commonly referred to as a sidechain, and may also enable the secure return of digital assets from the second blockchain to the first blockchain at a later point in time. The technical basis of the side chain implementation is bidirectional anchoring, through which temporary locking of digital assets in the main chain can be realized, and the digital assets of the main chain can also be released. The SPV (simplified patent verification) model was the initial assumption of decentralized bi-directional anchoring, but the side-chain SPV bi-directional anchoring scheme has the disadvantage of lengthy transfer time between the main chain and the side chain, and the need for SPV protocol support, soft forking, to the main chain.
Therefore, how to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art blockchain technology, to achieve decentralization and enable a short transfer time between the main chain and the side chain, and to avoid the need for soft branching of the main chain is a problem to be solved in the next development of blockchain technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a decentralized side chain issuing and anchoring main chain token method and a decentralized side chain issuing and anchoring main chain token system, and achieves the technical purpose of decentralized block chain cross-chain token exchange transaction decentralized.
The technical purpose of the present disclosure is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the main chain account initiates a first transaction at the main chain, and then the main chain returns a first transaction unique identifier to the main chain account through the HTLC on the main chain; and the main chain sends the content of the first transaction and the unique identifier of the first transaction to the verification node set. After the verification of the verification node set passes the verification of the multiple signature mechanism, a second transaction is initiated at the side chain, and then the side chain returns a second transaction unique identifier to the verification node set through an HTLC on the side chain; the set of verification nodes notify the main chain account of the first event (i.e., a transaction is created on the side chain), and the side chain notifies the side chain account of the contents of the second transaction and the unique identification of the second transaction. The main chain account then sends the original random string to the side chain account.
The side chain account uses the original random character string and the second transaction unique identifier to call a first extraction interface for extracting the token in the side chain, and the side chain returns the transaction amount to the side chain account after the first extraction interface is successfully called; the HTLCs on the side chains then inform the set of verification nodes: the side-chain account has taken the side-chain tokens in the multi-signature contract on the side-chain and sends the original random string and the second transaction unique identifier to the verification node set. And the verification node set calls a second extraction interface, sends the original random character string and the first transaction unique identifier to the main chain, transfers the exchange token in the main chain into a multiple signature contract on the main chain through a multiple signature mechanism, and is commonly kept by a multiple signature contract account on the verification node set. And after the second extraction interface is successfully called, the main chain returns the transaction amount to the multiple signature contract account.
A decentralized side-chain release anchored backbone token system includes a backbone module, a verification module, and a side-chain module. The main chain module comprises a main chain account and a main chain, and the main chain account also comprises a second time comparison unit; the verification module comprises a verification unit, a signature unit, a receiving unit, a sending unit, a second interface calling unit and a first time comparison unit; the side chain module comprises a side chain and a side chain account, and the side chain account comprises a first interface calling unit.
The beneficial effect of this disclosure lies in: the decentralized side-chain issuing anchoring main-chain token method and the decentralized side-chain issuing anchoring main-chain token system solve the atomicity problem of exchange transaction of cross-chain tokens through HTLC (Hash time locking contract), solve the centralized service problem of verification nodes in the transaction process through a multiple signature mechanism, and only a plurality of verification nodes sign and confirm the transaction can execute.
Compared with a centralized token exchange scheme, the scheme has high safety, users participating in transactions have complete autonomy on own tokens, and 1: 1 anchoring exchange of the tokens between a main chain and a side chain can be completed without the help or trust of a centralized server.
Also, compared with the existing side chain SPV (simplified Payment verification) bidirectional anchoring protocol scheme, the scheme has the advantages of small change, no bifurcation of the main chain and shorter transaction time.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a flow chart for transferring tokens from the main chain to the sidechain.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the present disclosure, it is to be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated, but merely as being used to distinguish between different components. Likewise, the word "comprising" or "comprises", and the like, means that the element or item listed before the word covers the element or item listed after the word and its equivalents, but does not exclude other elements or items.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the process of transferring tokens from the main chain to the sidechain, i.e., a flow chart of the method of the present disclosure. The HTLC (Hash time locking contract) and the multiple signature contracts are firstly arranged on the main chain and the side chain, and the multiple signature contract accounts are arranged on the verification node set. The main chain account calls the HTLC on the main chain and initiates a first transaction on the main chain, wherein the first transaction comprises a receiver, a hash value, a first transaction timeout time and a transaction amount; the backbone then returns the first transaction unique identification to the backbone account via the HTLC on the backbone.
The HTLC on the backbone informs the set of verification nodes of a first event comprising the content of the first transaction and a first transaction unique identification, i.e. comprising the recipient, the hash value, the first transaction timeout time, the transaction amount and the first transaction unique identification.
And after the verification node set verifies the first event by using the multiple signature mechanism, initiating a second transaction at the side chain, wherein the second transaction comprises a receiver, a hash value, a second transaction timeout time and a transaction amount, and then the first transaction timeout time is longer than the second transaction timeout time. Here, the nodes in the node set are verified to be all nodes, and all the nodes have all data on the chain; the nodes participating in the multiple signatures are not necessarily all nodes, i.e., any node may participate in the multiple signatures. After the full nodes of the verification node set verify the event, multiple signatures are required to be passed before the event is verified.
As known from the signature mechanism of bitcoin, if the key is lost, there is no way to spend the money of the corresponding address. This puts a high risk of lost funds due to loss of the private key. In order to avoid the fund loss of the address caused by the loss of one private key, the multi-signature mechanism is introduced in the disclosure, and the function of risk dispersion can be realized. Specifically, assuming that N individuals hold N private keys, respectively, funds of some "federated address" may be used as long as M of them agree to a signature.
With multiple signatures, one can achieve:
1-2, two persons can use the fund only by one person agreeing;
2-2, both must agree to use the funds;
2-3,3 people must agree to at least two people to use the funds;
4-7, and 7 who agree to use the funds.
The more common multiple signatures are typically of the 2-3 type. For example, a service providing an online wallet may use multiple signed addresses of type 2-3 in order to prevent the facilitator from stealing the user's funds, the facilitator holding 1 private key, and the user holding two private keys, one for regular use and one for emergency use. Therefore, under normal conditions, a user can complete normal transactions by matching with a service provider only by using a conventional private key, and the service provider only holds 1 private key, so that the user funds cannot be stolen. If the service provider is closed or hacked, the user can use two private keys in his or her own possession to transfer funds. In the present disclosure, the multiple signature mechanism adopts a mode that only more than half of nodes complete signature, and the verification of the verification node set can pass.
The multiple signatures of the present disclosure are realized by adopting an intelligent contract, and the realization principle is as follows:
(1) invoking the smart contract to create a multiple signature wallet, parameters:
owners: a type address array containing the account addresses of the users on the chain, i.e.: which account addresses can multi-sign the transaction;
required: type shaping, namely: the transaction can be executed only after at least how many account signatures are needed;
required needs to be less than the length of the owers array.
(2) Calling an intelligent contract to initiate a multiple signature transaction, wherein parameters are as follows:
destination: a destination address of the transaction;
value: the number of tokens transacted, i.e., the transaction amount;
data: additional data for the transaction;
and returning a value:
transactionId is transaction id;
the caller of the transaction must be one of the users of the multiple signature wallets. The users of other multiple signature wallets can call the intelligent contract interface to sign according to the transaction id, and when the signature quantity is larger than the quantity required by multiple signatures, the transaction can be executed.
(3) Invoking the intelligent contract to confirm the transaction through the signature, wherein the parameters are as follows:
transactioniD is transaction id, which initiates the transaction id returned by the multiple signature transaction;
the caller of the transaction must be one of the users of the multiple signature wallet, the intelligent contract counts the signature number of the signer, and the transaction can be executed when the signature number is larger than the number required by the multiple signatures.
(4) The multiple signature wallet further comprises: adding a signature account, removing a signature account, viewing transactions to be performed and transactions that have been performed.
After the side chain initiates a second transaction, a second transaction unique identifier is returned to the verification node set through the HTLC on the side chain, then the verification node set notifies the main chain account of a first event, the side chain notifies the side chain account of a second event, and the notification contents are as follows: a transaction is created on the side chain. The second event includes a second transaction unique identification, a recipient, a hash value, a second transaction timeout time, and a transaction amount.
After the above process is completed, the main chain account sends the original random character string to the side chain account. The side chain account calls a first extraction interface by using the original random character string and the second transaction unique identifier to extract the token in the side chain, the side chain returns the transaction amount to the side chain account after the first extraction interface is successfully called, and the HTLC on the side chain informs the verification node set: the side-chain account has taken the side-chain tokens in the multi-signature contract on the side-chain and sends the original random string and the second transaction unique identifier to the verification node set.
And the verification node set calls a second extraction interface, sends the original random character string and the first transaction unique identifier to the main chain, transfers the exchange token in the main chain into the multiple signature contract on the main chain through a multiple signature mechanism, and is commonly kept by the multiple signature contract account on the verification node set. And after the second extraction interface is successfully called, the main chain returns the transaction amount to the multiple signature contract account. Thus, the process of turning the main-chain token to the side chain is completed.
As a specific embodiment, the transaction, whether the transaction is a main-chain initiated transaction or a side-chain initiated transaction, includes a transaction timeout time, and the first transaction timeout time is usually greater than the second transaction timeout time because the first transaction has a result after the second transaction is ended. And if the time of the second transaction exceeds the second transaction overtime, the verification node set calls the first withdrawal interface, the side chain token is transferred back to the multiple signature contract account by using the second transaction unique identifier, and the side chain returns the transaction amount to the verification node set.
Similarly, since the timeout of the second transaction necessarily causes the timeout of the first transaction, and the time of the first transaction exceeds the timeout time of the first transaction, the main chain account calls the second withdrawal interface, the side-chain token is transferred back to the main chain account by using the unique identifier of the first transaction, and the main chain returns the transaction amount to the main chain account.
The system comprises a main chain module, a verification module and a side chain module, wherein the main chain module comprises a main chain and a main chain account, the verification module comprises a verification node set, the verification node set comprises a verification unit, a signature unit, a receiving unit, a sending unit and a second interface calling unit, the side chain module comprises a side chain and a side chain account, and the side chain account comprises a first interface calling unit.
In addition, the main chain account comprises a second time comparison unit, the verification node set comprises a first time comparison unit, and the signature unit in the verification node set also comprises a statistic unit. The workflow of the system disclosed by the present disclosure refers to the description of the method disclosed by the present disclosure, and the details are not repeated.
The foregoing is an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method of decentralized side-chain issuing anchored backbone tokens, comprising:
arranging HTLC and multiple signature contracts on a main chain and a side chain, and arranging multiple signature contract accounts on a verification node set;
the main chain account calls the HTLC on the main chain and initiates a first transaction on the main chain, wherein the first transaction comprises a receiver, a hash value, a first transaction timeout time and a transaction amount;
the main chain returns a first transaction unique identifier to the main chain account through the HTLC on the main chain;
the HTLC on the main chain informs a verification node set of a first event, wherein the first event comprises the first transaction unique identification, a receiver, a hash value, a first transaction timeout time and a transaction amount;
the verification node set verifies the first event, passes the verification through a multiple signature mechanism, and initiates a second transaction on the side chain after the verification passes, wherein the second transaction comprises a receiver, a hash value, a second transaction timeout time and a transaction amount; wherein the first transaction timeout time is greater than the second transaction timeout time;
the side chain returns a second transaction unique identifier to the verification node set through the HTLC on the side chain;
the set of verification nodes notifying the primary chain account of a first event;
the side chain notifies the side chain account of a second event, wherein the second event comprises a second transaction unique identifier, a receiver, a hash value, a second transaction timeout time and a transaction amount;
the main chain account sends the original random character string to the side chain account;
the side chain account uses the original random character string and the second transaction unique identifier to call a first extraction interface, a token in the side chain is extracted, and after the first extraction interface is successfully called, the side chain returns the transaction amount to the side chain account;
the HTLC on the side chain informs the set of verification nodes to: the side chain account takes away the side chain token in the multiple signature contract on the side chain, and sends the original random character string and the second transaction unique identifier to the verification node set;
the verification node set calls a second extraction interface, the original random character string and the first transaction unique identifier are sent to the main chain, the exchange token in the main chain is transferred into a multiple signature contract on the main chain through a multiple signature mechanism, and the multiple signature contract accounts on the verification node set are used for keeping together;
and after the second extraction interface is successfully called, the main chain returns the transaction amount to the multiple signature contract account.
2. The decentralized side-chain issuing anchored principal-chain token of claim 1, wherein if the time of said second transaction exceeds said second transaction timeout time, said set of verification nodes invokes a first withdrawal interface, using said second transaction unique identifier to transfer a side-chain token back into said multiple signing contract account, said side-chain returning said transaction amount to said set of verification nodes.
3. The method of decentralized sidechain issuance of anchored backbone token of claim 2, wherein if the time of said first transaction exceeds said first transaction timeout time, said backbone account invokes a second withdrawal interface, using said first transaction unique identifier to transfer the sidechain token back to said backbone account, said backbone returns said transaction amount to the backbone account.
4. The method of decentralized side chain issuing anchored backbone token of claim 3, wherein said verification node set is a full node set.
5. The method of decentralized side-chain issuing anchored-backbone token of claim 4, wherein said multiple signature mechanism is: if more than half of nodes pass the signature, the multiple signature is successful, otherwise, the multiple signature fails.
6. A system for decentralized side-chain issuing anchored backbone tokens, comprising:
a backbone module comprising:
the main chain account calls the HTLC on the main chain and initiates a first transaction, wherein the first transaction comprises a receiver, a hash value, a first transaction timeout time and a transaction amount; sending the original random character string to a side chain account;
the main chain returns a first transaction unique identifier to the main chain account through the HTLC on the main chain; returning the transaction amount to a multiple signature contract account;
the verification module includes a set of verification nodes comprising:
the verifying unit is used for verifying the first event and passing the verification through a multiple signature mechanism;
a signature unit for performing signature by using a multiple signature mechanism;
a receiving unit that receives a notification of the HTLC on the main chain, the side chain, the notification including a first event that a side chain account has removed a side chain token in a multiple signature contract on the side chain;
a sending unit that sends a first event to the main chain account; initiating a second transaction at the sidechain;
the second interface calling unit is used for calling a second extraction interface, sending the original random character string and the first transaction unique identifier to the main chain, transferring the exchange token in the main chain into a multiple signature contract on the main chain through a multiple signature mechanism, and keeping the exchange token and the multiple signature contract account on the verification node set together;
a sidechain module comprising:
the side chain returns a second transaction unique identifier to the verification node set through the HTLC on the side chain; sending a second event to the side chain account; returning the transaction amount to the side chain account;
the side chain account comprises a first interface calling unit, the first interface calling unit uses the original random character string and the second transaction unique identification to call a first extraction interface, and the token in the side chain is extracted;
wherein the first event comprises the first transaction unique identifier, a recipient, a hash value, a first transaction timeout time, and a transaction amount; the second event comprises a second transaction unique identifier, a receiver, a hash value, a second transaction timeout time and a transaction amount; the second transaction comprises a recipient, a hash value, a second transaction timeout time, and a transaction amount; the first transaction timeout time is greater than the second transaction timeout time.
7. The system of decentralized side chain issuing anchored principal chain token of claim 6, wherein said set of verification nodes includes a first time comparison unit that invokes a first withdrawal interface if the time of said second transaction exceeds said second transaction timeout time, said side chain returning said transaction amount to said set of verification nodes using said second transaction unique identifier to transfer a side chain token back into said multi-signed contract account.
8. The decentralized side-chain issuing anchored back-chain token system of claim 7, wherein said back-chain account includes a second time comparison unit, said second time comparison unit invoking a second withdrawal interface if the time of said first transaction exceeds said first transaction timeout time, said back-chain token being transferred back to said back-chain account using said first transaction unique identifier, said back-chain returning said transaction amount to said back-chain account.
9. The decentralized side chain issued anchored backbone token system of claim 8, wherein the set of verification nodes is a full set of nodes.
10. The decentralized side chain issued anchored token system of claim 9 wherein the signature unit includes a statistics unit that receives more than half of the nodes signed by multiple signatures successfully, otherwise multiple signatures fail.
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