CN111159889A - Output energy calculation method of piezoelectric sensing device considering traffic conditions - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for outputting energy by a piezoelectric sensing device in consideration of traffic conditions, which comprises the steps of constructing a half-wave sinusoidal model of the load conversion of the piezoelectric sensing device when a vehicle runs and an equivalent charge source model of a piezoelectric material, and then decoupling the two models to obtain the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device under the action of the vehicle axle load. The piezoelectric sensing device energy output algorithm considering the traffic condition provided by the invention definitely provides a force-electricity coupling equation of road load and piezoelectric materials, lays a foundation for researching the influence of the road traffic condition on the piezoelectric sensing device energy output, and provides theoretical support for the design of the piezoelectric sensing device in road engineering. Compared with the open-circuit voltage and the maximum output power, the energy output of the voltage sensor is reflected more specifically, and the gap of the energy output calculation method of the voltage sensor under the action of road traffic load is filled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of road engineering, and particularly relates to a method for calculating output energy of a piezoelectric sensing device by considering traffic conditions.
Background
The intelligent traffic is a product of continuous development of the internet of things technology, and the intelligent traffic can operate efficiently and safely without data acquisition of each sensing terminal. The number of the data acquisition terminals is large, the power supply line matched with the data acquisition terminals is long in the construction process, and the overall construction is complicated. If a device which can be used as a sensing device to collect information of surrounding traffic environment and can also draw potential energy of the environment to provide electric energy for self steady operation can be developed, the construction cost can be saved and the development of intelligent traffic can be promoted to a certain extent.
As a traditional signal receiving and transmitting device, under the action of external force, the surface of a built-in piezoelectric material of the piezoelectric device generates different-sign charges, so that external mechanical energy is absorbed and converted into electric energy. At present, piezoelectric devices are widely used in the fields of underwater sound, ultrasound, medicine and the like, but the piezoelectric devices are applied to the fields of roads. In a few researches on the piezoelectric device in road engineering, researchers mostly test the piezoelectric performance of the piezoelectric device, and research on the output energy is only limited to describing the magnitude of the open-circuit voltage and the magnitude of the instantaneous power. In order to apply the piezoelectric sensing device as a self-powered piezoelectric sensing device to a road environment, certain knowledge must be provided about the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device. The open-circuit voltage is used as a macroscopic index of energy conversion, and cannot reflect the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device. In addition, the piezoelectric device is used in a road environment, traffic load in the road environment is discontinuous and has randomness and non-uniformity, and the change of traffic load conditions influences the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device, so that the energy harvesting effect of the pure piezoelectric device can be reflected by using instantaneous power, but the energy harvesting effect is not representative when the piezoelectric device is used for reflecting the self output energy under the action of the traffic load.
Therefore, the calculation method for estimating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device by considering the traffic load condition is provided, and has important reference value and guiding meaning for the application of the piezoelectric sensing device in road engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device can be accurately calculated in the prior art, the invention provides a method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device by considering the traffic condition so as to calculate the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device under the action of daily traffic load.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for calculating output energy of a piezoelectric sensing device considering traffic conditions comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a stress model of the piezoelectric sensing device;
s2, constructing an equivalent charge source model of the piezoelectric material;
and S3, coupling the stress model and the charge source model to obtain the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device under the action of the vehicle axle load.
Preferably, the stress model constructed in the step 1 is a half-wave sine model, and the load of the piezoelectric sensing device when the vehicle runs is converted to obtain the half-wave sine model;
F(t)＝Fmaxsin(ωt)
wherein l is a loading length, D is a tire grounding length, D is a piezoelectric sensing device length, t is corresponding time, and omega is an equivalent loading speed; fmaxThe load acting on the surface of the sensing device when the vehicle is static, and T is a loading period; and v is the vehicle speed.
Preferably, the charge source model in step 2 is as follows:
i(t)＝ic(t)+iR(t)
wherein iCIs the current flowing through the sensing device equivalent capacitor C; i.e. iRIs the current flowing through the circuit load R, which is the energy consuming component.
Preferably, the coupling method of the stress model and the charge source model in step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1, obtaining the charge under the action of the vehicle load according to the mechanical modelSource QaAn amount of charge;
Qa＝d33Fmaxsin(ωt)
wherein d is33Is used for sensing the piezoelectric strain constant of the piezoelectric material in the device.
Step 3.2, obtaining current i (t) according to the electric charge quantity and the charge source model;
step 3.3, obtaining the current i flowing through the load according to the current i (t)R(t)；
Wherein | Z | is the total impedance of the circuit;
step 3.4, according to the load current iR(t) and the total circuit impedance | Z | obtain the output power p under the action of traffic loado(t)；
Preferably, step 3 yields the output power poAfter (t), the method also comprises the following steps:
step 4, obtaining vehicle data passing through the piezoelectric sensing device within a set time period, and classifying the vehicle data according to vehicle type, axle type, vehicle speed and axle weight;
step 5, determining the acting time of each vehicle on the piezoelectric sensing device and the stress value of the piezoelectric sensing device according to the vehicle speed and the axle weight;
s6, determining the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device when the single shaft passes through according to the action time and the stress value obtained in the step 5;
s7, calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device when all the axles of the vehicle drive through the piezoelectric sensing device according to the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device when the single axle obtained in the step 6 drives through the piezoelectric sensing device;
s8, calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device when all vehicles of a certain type drive through the piezoelectric sensing device according to the vehicle data;
and S9, calculating the total output energy of all types of vehicles when the vehicles pass through the piezoelectric sensing devices according to the vehicle data.
6. The method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device considering the traffic condition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the formula of the stress value of the piezoelectric sensing device in step 5 is as follows:
Fmax＝FloadA1/A0
wherein, FloadFor car axle load, A0Is the tire contact area, A1The contact area of the piezoelectric sensing device and the tire is shown.
Preferably, the calculation formula of the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device in step 6 is as follows:
preferably, in step 7, when all the axes of the vehicle pass through the piezoelectric sensing device, the calculation formula of the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device is as follows:
preferably, in step 8, when all vehicles of the same type pass through the piezoelectric sensing device, the method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device is as follows:
preferably, in step 9, when all types of vehicles pass through the piezoelectric sensing device, the method for calculating the total output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device is as follows:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention provides a method for outputting energy by a piezoelectric sensing device in consideration of traffic conditions, which comprises the steps of constructing a half-wave sine model of the load conversion of the piezoelectric sensing device when a vehicle runs and an equivalent charge source model of a piezoelectric material, and then decoupling the two models to obtain the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device under the action of the vehicle axle load. The piezoelectric sensing device energy output algorithm considering the traffic condition provided by the invention definitely provides a force-electricity coupling equation of road load and piezoelectric materials, lays a foundation for researching the influence of the road traffic condition on the energy output of the piezoelectric sensing device, and provides theoretical support for the design of the piezoelectric sensing device in road engineering. Compared with the open-circuit voltage and the maximum output power, the energy output of the voltage sensor is reflected more specifically, and the gap of the energy output calculation method of the voltage sensor under the action of road traffic load is filled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a load function diagram of a piezoelectric sensing device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified electrical model of the piezoelectric material of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of the piezoelectric sensing device in a road structure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the attached drawings, which are illustrative, but not limiting, of the present invention.
A method for outputting energy by a piezoelectric sensing device considering traffic conditions comprises the following steps:
and S1, constructing a stress model of the piezoelectric sensing device.
Specifically, the stress of the piezoelectric sensing device is modeled, that is, the load of the piezoelectric sensing device when the vehicle runs is converted into a half-wave sine model.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, when the piezoelectric sensing device is embedded in the surface layer structure of the road surface, it bears traffic load together with the road surface structure; when the vehicle gradually passes through the piezoelectric sensing device from right above, the load of the vehicle borne by the piezoelectric sensing device is increased and then reduced; when the piezoelectric sensing device is rectangular or circular, the stress form of the piezoelectric sensing device is slightly different, but the stress form is generally increased and then reduced, in order to adapt to more shapes of the piezoelectric sensing device and simplify calculation, the load of the piezoelectric sensing device when a vehicle runs is simplified into a half-wave sine model, the simplified half-wave sine load is shown in figure 1, and the expression of the half-wave sine model is shown in formulas 1-3.
F(t)＝Fmaxsin(ωt) (1)
Wherein l is a loading length, l is D + D, D is a tire grounding length, D is a piezoelectric sensing device length, t is a corresponding time, and ω is an equivalent loading speed; fmaxThe load acting on the surface of the sensing device when the vehicle is static is T, and the loading period is T; and v is the vehicle speed.
And S2, constructing an equivalent charge source model of the piezoelectric material.
Simplifying the core material of the piezoelectric sensing device into an electrical model, wherein the core material of the piezoelectric sensing device is piezoelectric ceramic which is a dielectric material, the surface of the electrode can gather charges under the action of external load, at the moment, the electrode can be equivalent to a charge source model shown by a dotted line frame in figure 2, and according to the kirchhoff current law, the total current and the branch current of the circuit have the following relations:
i(t)＝ic(t)+iR(t) (4)
wherein iCThe current is the current flowing through the equivalent capacitor C of the piezoelectric sensing device; i.e. iRIs the current flowing through the circuit load R, which is the energy consuming component.
And S3, coupling the stress model and the charge source model to obtain an output energy expression of the piezoelectric sensing device under the action of the vehicle axle load.
Specifically, a mechanical model of the piezoelectric sensing device is coupled with an electrical model of the piezoelectric material, the equivalent charge source model is externally connected with a load resistor, see fig. 2, the resistor is an energy consumption element, and the consumed energy can be understood as the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device under the action of an external load.
The output energy is calculated as follows:
step 3.1, obtaining a charge source Q under the action of vehicle load according to the mechanical modelaThe amount of charge is calculated as shown in equation 5.
Qa＝d33Fmaxsin(ωt)(5)
Wherein d is33Is used for sensing the piezoelectric strain constant of the piezoelectric material in the device.
And 3.2, obtaining current i (t) according to the charge quantity and the charge source model, wherein the derivative of the charge quantity to time is the current i (t), and the calculation method of i (t) is shown in the formula 6.
Step 3.3, obtaining the current i flowing through the load according to the current i (t)0(t), load current i0(t) the calculation method is shown in formula 7.
Where | Z | is the total impedance of the circuit, the value of which is calculated by equation 8.
Step 3.4, according to the load current i0(t) and the total circuit impedance | Z | obtain the output power p under the action of traffic loado(t) load power consumption, namely output power p of the piezoelectric sensing device under the action of traffic loado(t)， po(t) can be calculated as in equation 9.
And S4, investigating and counting the daily traffic of a certain highway, and classifying and sorting the daily traffic.
And (4) carrying out statistical investigation or estimating daily traffic volume of a certain road section in an analog mode, carrying out detailed investigation on the daily traffic volume, and classifying the daily traffic volume according to the traffic flow, the vehicle type, the axle type, the vehicle speed and the axle weight after the statistics is finished.
And S5, calculating the acting time of each vehicle on the piezoelectric sensing device and the stress of the piezoelectric sensing device according to the vehicle speed and the axle weight according to the statistical traffic flow information.
The equivalent loading speed ω corresponding to the vehicle speed of each type of vehicle is calculated, and the equivalent loading speed is obtained by equations 2 and 3.
The axle load distributed to the piezoelectric sensing device by each axle type is calculated by the formula 10.
Fmax＝FloadA1/A0(10)
Wherein, FloadFor car axle load, A0Is the tire contact area, A1Is the contact area of the piezoelectric sensing device and the tire.
And S6, calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device when the single shaft passes through according to the action time and the stress in the step 5.
Energy E output by the piezoelectric sensing device when a certain vehicle passes through the piezoelectric sensing device on a single axle0This can be calculated from equation 11.
And S7, calculating the output energy of the whole axle of a certain vehicle when the whole axle of the vehicle passes through the piezoelectric sensing device according to the output energy of the single axle when the single axle passes through the piezoelectric sensing device in the step 6.
Energy E output by the piezoelectric sensing device when all the shafts of a certain vehicle pass through the piezoelectric sensing device1This can be calculated from the formula (12).
And S8, calculating the output energy of the vehicle when the vehicle of a certain type completely passes through the piezoelectric sensing device according to the traffic flow statistical information.
Energy E output by piezoelectric sensing device when certain type of vehicle passes through piezoelectric sensing device2This is calculated from the formula (13).
And S9, calculating the total output energy of the full-type vehicle, namely the vehicle when all traffic flows pass through the piezoelectric sensing device according to the traffic flow information.
Energy E output by the piezoelectric sensing device when the full-type vehicle passes by the piezoelectric sensing devicetoCalculated by the formula (14).
The meaning of each symbol in the above formula is as follows:
Po(t) is the output power function of the sensing device when the vehicle passes by the sensing device;
t is the response time;
d33the piezoelectric strain constant of the piezoelectric material in the sensing device is obtained;
Fmaxthe load acting on the surface of the sensing device when the vehicle is static;
omega is the equivalent loading speed;
r is a circuit load, namely an energy consumption element;
c is the equivalent resistance of the piezoelectric material in the sensing device;
Eooutputting energy for a sensing device in a single loading period, and consuming energy by a load;
t is a loading period;
Etothe total output energy of the sensing device is under the action of daily traffic;
q is the number of axles of each vehicle type;
p is the daily traffic volume of each vehicle type;
and o is the number of the vehicle types.
Example (b):
a cylindrical piezoelectric sensing device is embedded in a road surface, the surface of the device is flush with the road surface, the device is in contact with a tire, the diameter D of the device is 3.6cm, the grounding length of the tire is calculated according to the standard axial load grounding length, and D is 21.3 cm. The piezoelectric material is cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic with a diameter of 6mm, a height of 10mm and a piezoelectric strain constant d33＝670×10-12C/N, relative dielectric constant ε3r33400. The schematic diagram of the piezoelectric sensing device inside the road surface is shown in fig. 3. Calculating to obtain the output power p according to the information and combining the methods from the step 1 to the step 3o(t)。
And 4, step 4: and (4) counting daily traffic volume information of a certain highway and classifying.
The daily traffic volume of a certain highway is 15100 vehicles/day, and the statistical classification of the traffic volume is shown in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1 daily traffic volume information on a certain highway
TABLE 2 statistics of vehicle model axle weights for daily traffic flow of highway
And 5: and calculating the action time of each vehicle on the piezoelectric sensing device and the stress of the piezoelectric sensing device according to the statistical traffic flow information and the vehicle speed and the axle weight. The time of the piezoelectric sensing device applied by different types of vehicles is shown as "loading time" in table 1.
And (3) calculating the contact part of the tire and the ground, wherein the pressure is uniformly distributed, and the load born by the piezoelectric sensing device is calculated according to the formula (12). Is differentUnder the axial load, the tire grounding pressure is different, but the maximum load F borne by the piezoelectric sensing devicemaxAlways under axial load Fload2.85 percent of the total weight. The load borne by the piezoelectric sensing device is completely transmitted to the built-in piezoelectric material. The loading of the piezoelectric sensing material for each vehicle type is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 distribution of various types of axial loads on piezoelectric sensing devices
Step 6: and 5, calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device when the single shaft passes according to the action time and the stress in the step 5.
The uniaxial load output energy can be calculated by equation 10, and the output energy of the piezoelectric sensor device under the action of the uniaxial load is shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Single Loading output energy of different vehicles
And 7-9: and 6, calculating the output energy of all the shafts of a certain vehicle when the shafts drive through the piezoelectric sensing device according to the output energy of the single shaft when the single shaft drives through the piezoelectric sensing device in the step 6. And according to the traffic flow statistical information, calculating the output energy of a certain type of vehicle when the vehicle completely passes through the piezoelectric sensing device. And calculating the total output energy of all types of vehicles, namely all traffic when the traffic passes through the piezoelectric sensing device according to the traffic flow information.
The energy output for a single action of different types of vehicles and the energy output for each daily traffic for different types of vehicles, calculated according to equations 11-13, are shown in table 5. Finally, under the effect of the total known daily traffic flow, the total output energy of the medium-voltage inductive sensing device in the embodiment is 950.5925J.
Electric energy output of meter 5 day traffic volume
The self-powered piezoelectric sensing device output energy calculation method considering the traffic condition has the advantages that:
(1) in the existing research, the energy harvesting performance of a piezoelectric device is evaluated by using open-circuit voltage and output power, but when the piezoelectric device is used as a sensing device in a road structure, the output energy of the piezoelectric device cannot be accurately reflected by using the open-circuit voltage and the instantaneous power due to the instantaneity and randomness of traffic load. The algorithm for the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device considering the traffic condition provided by the invention reflects the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device more specifically than the open-circuit voltage and the maximum output power, and fills the blank of the method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device under the action of road traffic load.
(2) The derivation process of the piezoelectric sensing device output energy algorithm provides ideas for mechanical model simplification of road load and electrical model simplification of piezoelectric materials in the piezoelectric sensing device, definitely provides a force-electricity coupling equation of the road load and the piezoelectric materials, lays a foundation for researching the influence of road traffic conditions on the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device, and provides theoretical support for the design of the piezoelectric sensing device in road engineering.
(3) The method accurately gives the output energy capacity of the piezoelectric sensing device under the actual traffic volume by adopting an integral and sum mode on the basis of specific traffic flow information, has strong flexibility, and is suitable for output energy calculation under any traffic environment.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical solution according to the technical idea proposed by the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for calculating output energy of a piezoelectric sensing device considering traffic conditions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a stress model of the piezoelectric sensing device;
s2, constructing an equivalent charge source model of the piezoelectric material;
and S3, coupling the stress model and the charge source model to obtain the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device under the action of the vehicle axle load.
2. The method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device considering the traffic condition according to claim 1, wherein the stress model is constructed in the step 1 as a half-wave sine model, and the load of the piezoelectric sensing device when a vehicle passes is converted to obtain the half-wave sine model;
F(t)＝Fmaxsin(ωt)
wherein l is a loading length, D is a tire grounding length, D is a piezoelectric sensing device length, t is corresponding time, and omega is an equivalent loading speed; fmaxThe load acting on the surface of the sensing device when the vehicle is static is T, and the loading period is T; and v is the vehicle speed.
3. The method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device considering the traffic condition according to claim 2, wherein the model of the structural charge source in step 2 is as follows:
i(t)＝ic(t)+iR(t)
wherein iCIs the current flowing through the sensing device equivalent capacitor C; i.e. iRIs the current flowing through the circuit load R, which is the energy consuming component.
4. The method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device considering the traffic condition according to claim 3, wherein the coupling method of the force model and the charge source model in the step 3 is as follows:
step 3.1, obtaining a charge source Q under the action of vehicle load according to the mechanical modelaAn amount of charge;
Qa＝d33Fmaxsin(ωt)
wherein d is33The piezoelectric strain constant of the piezoelectric material in the sensing device is obtained;
step 3.2, obtaining current i (t) according to the electric charge quantity and the charge source model;
step 3.3, obtaining the current i flowing through the load according to the current i (t)R(t)；
Wherein | Z | is the total impedance of the circuit;
step 3.4, according to the load current iR(t) and the total circuit impedance | Z | obtain the output power p under the action of traffic loado(t)；
5. The method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device considering the traffic condition as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step 3 obtains the output power poAfter (t), the method also comprises the following steps:
step 4, obtaining vehicle data passing through the piezoelectric sensing device within a set time period, and classifying the vehicle data according to vehicle type, axle type, vehicle speed and axle weight;
step 5, determining the acting time of each vehicle on the piezoelectric sensing device and the stress value of the piezoelectric sensing device according to the vehicle speed and the axle weight;
s6, determining the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device when the single shaft passes through according to the action time and the stress value obtained in the step 5;
s7, calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device when all the axles of the vehicle drive through the piezoelectric sensing device according to the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device when the single axle obtained in the step 6 drives through the piezoelectric sensing device;
s8, calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device when a certain type of vehicle completely passes through the piezoelectric sensing device according to the vehicle data;
and S9, calculating the total output energy of all types of vehicles when the vehicles pass through the piezoelectric sensing devices according to the vehicle data.
6. The method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device considering the traffic condition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the formula of the stress value of the piezoelectric sensing device in step 5 is as follows:
Fmax＝FloadA1/A0
wherein, FloadFor car axle load, A0Is the tire contact area, A1Is the contact area of the piezoelectric sensing device and the tire.
7. The method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device considering the traffic condition as claimed in claim 5, wherein the calculation formula of the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device in step 6 is as follows:
8. the method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step 7, when all the axles of the vehicle pass through the piezoelectric sensing device, the calculation formula of the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device is as follows:
9. the method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device considering the traffic conditions as claimed in claim 5, wherein when all vehicles of the same type pass through the piezoelectric sensing device in step 8, the method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device is as follows:
10. the method for calculating the output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device considering the traffic condition according to claim 5, wherein when all the types of vehicles drive through the piezoelectric sensing device in step 9, the method for calculating the total output energy of the piezoelectric sensing device is as follows:
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