CN111159797B - BIM-based general modeling method for mechanical model - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a general modeling method of a mechanical model based on BIM, which comprises the following steps: step one, establishing a standard library which can be used for converting a BIM model into a mechanical finite element model; and step two, establishing an initialized mechanical finite element model on the basis of the standard library. The standard library comprises a standardized component family library and a simulated component family library, the component properties of the standardized component family library comprise variable parameters, invariable parameters, finite element modeling instruction codes and dead load, and the simulated component family library comprises an additional constant load family, a live load family and a boundary condition family. Forming a BIM model and a finite element modeling instruction code and a dead weight load of the component based on a standardized component family library; and based on the simulation component family library, additional constant load, live load and boundary conditions are given to the BIM model. The method solves the problem of conversion from the BIM model to the mechanical model, and can improve the efficiency and the precision of establishment and optimization of the mechanical finite element model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a general modeling method of a mechanical model based on BIM, belonging to the technical field of BIM technical informatization construction.
Background
The BIM technology refers to a building informatization model technology and has two key factors: and modeling and informatization. The model refers to a three-dimensional space model, and the informatization refers to various information carried in the three-dimensional space model, including member material characteristics, member dimension and shape and other member attribute information in the model, process data information such as progress information and quality information involved in engineering construction and the like. A three-dimensional model is established based on BIM, a key information carrier covering the whole life cycle of building design, construction, operation and maintenance is formed, and the method has important value for engineering construction. The mechanical model generally refers to a finite element model established in the civil engineering industry for evaluating the safety and reliability of structures, facilities and the like in the engineering construction process, and through analysis of the mechanical finite element model, scientific calculation can be performed aiming at the problems of strength, rigidity, stability and the like of an engineering structure, so that the safety and reliability of the structure can be judged.
The BIM technology is widely applied to engineering projects in recent years, and has the advantages that the BIM model can be conveniently associated with specific construction conditions, and the site condition, the construction progress, the construction change and the like can be fed back to the maximum extent in real time. The mechanical finite element model simplifies the site construction working conditions to a certain extent from the theoretical aspect so as to reduce the modeling difficulty and the calculation difficulty, but the calculation precision and the reliability are correspondingly influenced. Taking the construction progress and construction into a more example, on one hand, the construction stage analysis based on the mechanical finite element model generally takes the preset construction period as a standard, and the situation of procedure advance or delay often occurs in the actual construction, so that the deviation between the theoretical calculation and the actual situation occurs, which has great influence on the concrete structure construction taking the age as a key parameter; on the other hand, when the construction of the mechanical finite element model is changed, the model needs to be optimized correspondingly, the whole stress system can be changed by the optimization work, and the workload of mechanical analysis in the construction process is greatly increased.
At present, the engineering world at home and abroad gradually considers the combination of the BIM model and the mechanics finite element model, and the time sequence change of the BIM model in the construction process is fed back to the finite element model to the maximum extent, so that the finite element model evolves along with the construction process, and the modeling precision and efficiency of the mechanics finite element model are improved. However, due to the great difference between the modeling mechanism of the BIM model and the mechanical finite element model, the problem cannot be solved for a long time. For example, the BIM model is modeled in a component-based mode, and all types of components and component information are in the model; the mechanical finite element model is modeled by dividing units and nodes, the connective components of the building structure are directly taken into consideration as the nodes, the key stressed components of the building structure are divided into a plurality of units, and the non-key stressed components are not considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a general modeling method of a mechanical model based on BIM by combining general requirements of mechanical finite element model analysis and BIM technology in the construction stage of the current building structure, solves the problem of conversion from the BIM model to the mechanical model, and can improve the efficiency and precision of establishment and optimization of the mechanical finite element model.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention comprises the following technical scheme:
a general modeling method of a mechanical model based on BIM comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a standardized component library and a simulated component library which can be used for converting a BIM model into a mechanical finite element model, specifically comprising the following steps,
establishing a corresponding standardized component family library of the BIM model by combining the type of the building structure engineering, wherein each component family comprises variable parameters and invariable parameters;
respectively establishing a finite element modeling instruction code of each component family based on an APDL parameterized design language aiming at a standardized component family library of a BIM model; the finite element modeling instruction codes of the component family comprise constant codes and variable codes; forming a corresponding component family finite element modeling instruction code library from the finite element modeling instruction codes of the component family, each instruction code being attached to a corresponding component family;
aiming at a standardized component family library of a BIM model, building a self-weight load of a component;
establishing an additional constant load family, a live load family and a boundary condition family of the component in the form of a simulation component family to form a simulation component family library;
step two, establishing an initialized mechanical finite element model on the basis of a standardized component family library, a finite element modeling instruction code library of the APDL-based component family, a load family library and a boundary family library, and specifically comprising the following steps,
forming a BIM model based on a standardized component family library, forming finite element modeling instruction codes of corresponding components, and establishing dead weight loads of the corresponding components;
based on a simulation component family library, additional constant load, live load and boundary conditions are given to the BIM model;
and extracting all material characteristics, APDL language, load and boundary conditions from the BIM model, automatically forming an APDL calculation script, importing the APDL calculation script into ANSYS for model generation, checking and solving, and forming an initialized mechanical finite element model.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps,
step three, in the construction, the method for optimizing the initialized mechanical finite element model specifically comprises the following steps,
updating the BIM along with the construction progress, working procedures, construction change and other working conditions, extracting all material characteristics, APDL language, load and boundary conditions of each stage, and importing the extracted material characteristics, APDL language, load and boundary conditions into an APDL calculation script template file to form a procedural APDL calculation script file;
finite element calculation is carried out based on the procedural APDL calculation script file, and the calculation result can be used as a reference for each specific decision in the construction process.
Further, APDL calculation script files are accumulated to form a file library which is used as a mechanical finite element model library of the whole process and is used for analyzing the mechanical evolution trend and tracing the mechanical problems.
Further, the dead weight load in the step one comprises a theoretical dead weight and a dead weight reference coefficient; establishing the self-weight load of the corresponding component in the second step, specifically comprising the following steps of automatically calculating the theoretical self-weight according to the size and the density of the component; defining a self-weight reference coefficient; and obtaining the self-weight load of the member according to the product of the theoretical self-weight and the self-weight reference coefficient.
Further, each additional constant load member of the additional constant load family comprises the following parameters: the load value, unit, distribution mode, direction, and the manner of adding the constant load member are the same as the manner of adding the material of the member of the BIM model.
Further, the parameters of the live load family include load value, unit, distribution mode and direction, and a separate adding mode is adopted between the live load and the member of the BIM model.
Further, the component parameters of the boundary condition family comprise boundary positions and boundary characteristics, and a separated addition mode is adopted between the component parameters and the components of the BIM model.
Further, the variable parameters in the component properties of the BIM model include the cross-sectional size and length of the component, and the constant parameters include the component material.
Compared with the prior art, the general modeling method of the mechanical model based on the BIM has the following advantages that:
(1) The high operability advantage of the BIM model and the advantage of close combination with the construction process are fully utilized, the mechanical finite element model is directly generated from the BIM model, and the modeling efficiency of the mechanical finite element model is greatly improved;
(2) The BIM model feeds back the field situation more truly, the mechanical finite element model converted by the BIM model has highly complex component characteristics, and the similarity of the load, boundary conditions and the real situation is more reliable than that of the traditional simplified mode, so that the modeling precision of the mechanical finite element model is improved;
(3) In the process of initialization conversion, a template file of the APDL calculation script is established, then all the procedural APDL calculation script files are generated based on the template, the reliability is higher, and the procedural script files can be generated in a self-defined mode at any time in the construction process, so that a foundation is laid for a large amount of continuous mechanics analysis in the construction process, and important auxiliary value can be embodied in the aspect of ensuring high-quality and high-efficiency construction of a structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a framework diagram of a standard library for BIM-based general modeling of mechanical models in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of transformation of a BIM model into a mechanical finite element model in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The general modeling method for the BIM-based mechanical model provided by the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent in conjunction with the following description. It is to be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are not to precise scale, which is merely for the purpose of facilitating and distinctly claiming the embodiments of the present invention.
The invention provides a general modeling method of a mechanical model based on BIM, which comprises the following steps:
step one, establishing a standard library which can be used for converting a BIM model into a mechanical finite element model;
and step two, establishing an initialized mechanical finite element model on the basis of the standard library.
The method is further described below in conjunction with the description of fig. 1 and 2.
Fig. 1 shows a frame diagram of a standard library, and this embodiment first introduces a frame diagram of a standard library constructed by the applicant, which is helpful for understanding the technical solution of the present invention. The standard library includes a standardized component family library and a simulated component family library.
As shown in fig. 1, each standard component of the BIM model includes component properties including variable parameters such as cross-sectional dimensions and length of the beam and column components. The member properties also include invariant parameters, such as member material, although the invariant parameters may also set alternatives, such as concrete grade, which may be selected as C25 or C35. The component properties further comprise finite element instruction codes, and the finite element modeling instruction codes comprise constant codes and variable codes, wherein variable parameters of the component family are used as variables in the instruction codes, and constant parameters are used as constants in the instruction codes; the finite element modeling instruction codes form a corresponding component family finite element modeling instruction code library, each instruction code being attached to a corresponding component family.
For the mechanical finite element model, the load of the component and the boundary condition of the component need to be considered. The load of the member includes the self weight of the member, and additional constant load and live load acting on the member. Since the self weight of the component is closely related to the standard component, the self weight can be used as part of the property of the component. The dead weight load of the BIM model comprises theoretical dead weight and a dead weight reference coefficient, the theoretical dead weight can be automatically calculated by the size and the density of the component, the dead weight reference coefficient can be defined in the later period, and the dead weight load of the component can be obtained according to the product of the theoretical dead weight and the dead weight reference coefficient.
The additional constant load and the live load are not the properties of the standard component of the BIM model, but are required by meeting the mechanical finite element model, so that a simulation component family can be established for the additional constant load and the live load, and similarly, a boundary condition family is established in the form of the simulation component family, so that a simulation component family library is formed.
As shown in fig. 1, the library of simulation component families includes an additional constant load family, a live load family, and a boundary condition family. For example, the parameters of the additive constant load group include load value, unit, distribution mode, direction, etc., and the additive constant load component is added in the same way as the material additive way of the common standard component. For example, the parameters of the live load group include load value, unit, distribution mode, direction, etc. since the live load is a load with variable size or position, a separate adding mode is adopted between the live load and the structural member to improve the flexibility of adding the live load simulation member. Considering that the finite element model needs to input boundary conditions, a boundary condition library needs to be established. Boundary conditions are also established in the form of a simulation component family, parameters comprise boundary condition positions, boundary characteristics and the like, and a separation type adding mode is adopted between the parameters and the structural components, so that the flexibility of adding the boundary condition simulation components is improved.
Therefore, the first step may specifically include the following steps:
establishing a corresponding standardized component family library of the BIM model by combining the types of the building structure engineering, wherein each component family comprises variable parameters and invariable parameters;
aiming at a standardized component family library of a BIM model, respectively establishing a finite element modeling instruction code of each component family based on an APDL (android package) parameterized design language; the finite element modeling instruction codes of the component family comprise constant codes and variable codes; forming a corresponding component family finite element modeling instruction code library from the finite element modeling instruction codes of the component family, each instruction code being attached to a corresponding component family;
aiming at a standardized component family library of a BIM model, building a self-weight load of a component;
and establishing an additional constant load family, a live load family and a boundary condition family of the component in the form of a simulation component family to form a simulation component family library.
It should be noted that the APDL is called ANSYS Parametric Design Language, also called ANSYS Parametric Design Language, and the application of the APDL is mainly embodied in that a user can organize ANSYS commands by using a programming Language and write a parameterized user program, thereby realizing the whole process of finite element analysis, i.e., establishing a parameterized CAD model, parameterized grid division and control, parameterized material definition, parameterized load and boundary condition definition, parameterized analysis control and solution, and parameterized post-processing.
Fig. 2 shows a flow chart of transformation from the BIM model to the mechanical finite element model, which needs to complete the following process: standardized components are required to be added to form a BIM model; and then giving a finite element modeling instruction code and a dead weight reference coefficient, defining an additional constant load, adding a live load simulation component and a boundary simulation component, extracting all material characteristics, APDL language, load and boundary conditions from a BIM model, automatically forming an APDL calculation script, importing the APDL calculation script into ANSYS for model generation, and forming an initialized mechanical finite element model. The initialized mechanical finite element model still has problems in the aspect of calculation, correspondingly, APDL statements established by the mechanical finite element model are found out to be absent, and the APDL statements are added to form a template file of an APDL calculation script.
Therefore, the second step may specifically include the following steps:
forming a BIM model based on a standardized component family library, forming finite element modeling instruction codes of corresponding components, and establishing dead weight loads of the corresponding components; the self-weight load of the BIM model comprises a theoretical self-weight and a self-weight reference coefficient, the theoretical self-weight can be automatically calculated according to the size and the density of the component, only the self-weight reference coefficient is defined, and the self-weight load of the component can be obtained according to the product of the theoretical self-weight and the self-weight reference coefficient;
based on a simulation component family library, additional constant load, live load and boundary conditions are given to the BIM model; by way of example, the addition of deadweight refers to the addition of a deadweight reference coefficient; the additional constant load means that an additional constant load component is added on the existing BIM component in a material mode; live load means that a live load simulation component is added on the basis of the existing BIM component;
and extracting all material characteristics, APDL language, load and boundary conditions from the BIM model, automatically forming an APDL calculation script, importing the APDL calculation script into ANSYS for model generation, checking and solving, and forming an initialized mechanical finite element model.
Furthermore, the BIM model is updated along with the construction progress, working procedures, construction change and other working condition changes during construction. Therefore, as shown in fig. 2, the mechanical finite element model needs to be updated and optimized during construction. Therefore, a preferred embodiment is that the method further comprises the steps of:
in the construction, the method for optimizing the initialized mechanical finite element model specifically comprises the following steps,
updating the BIM along with the construction progress, working procedures, construction change and other working conditions, extracting all material characteristics, APDL language, load and boundary conditions of each stage, and importing the extracted material characteristics, APDL language, load and boundary conditions into an APDL calculation script template file to form a procedural APDL calculation script file;
finite element calculation is carried out based on a procedural APDL calculation script file, and the calculation result can be used as a reference for various specific decisions in the construction process.
More preferably, the APDL calculation script files are accumulated to form a file library, and the APDL calculation script files correspond to the mechanical finite element model, so that a mechanical finite element model library of the whole process is formed for mechanical evolution trend analysis and mechanical problem tracing.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the general modeling method for the mechanical model based on the BIM provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The high operability advantage of the BIM model and the advantage of close combination with the construction process are fully utilized, the mechanical finite element model is directly generated from the BIM model, and the modeling efficiency of the mechanical finite element model is greatly improved;
(2) The BIM model feeds back the field situation more truly, the mechanical finite element model converted by the BIM model can have highly complex component characteristics, and the similarity between the load, the boundary condition and the real situation is more reliable than that of the traditional simplified mode, so that the modeling precision of the mechanical finite element model is improved;
(3) In the process of initialization conversion, template files of APDL calculation scripts are established, all the subsequent procedural APDL calculation script files are generated based on the templates, the reliability is higher, and the procedural APDL calculation script files can be generated in a self-defined mode at any time in the construction process, so that a foundation is laid for a large amount of continuous mechanics analysis in the construction process, and important auxiliary values can be embodied in the aspect of ensuring high-quality and high-efficiency construction of a structure.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is specific and detailed, but not to be understood as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A general modeling method of a mechanical model based on BIM is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, establishing a standardized component library and a simulated component library which can be used for converting a BIM model into a mechanical finite element model, specifically comprising the following steps,
establishing a corresponding standardized component family library of the BIM model by combining the types of the building structure engineering, wherein each component family comprises variable parameters and invariable parameters;
aiming at a standardized component family library of a BIM model, respectively establishing a finite element modeling instruction code of each component family based on an APDL (android package) parameterized design language; the finite element modeling instruction codes of the component family comprise constant codes and variable codes; forming a corresponding component family finite element modeling instruction code library from the finite element modeling instruction codes of the component family, each instruction code being attached to a corresponding component family;
aiming at a standardized component family library of a BIM model, building a component dead weight load;
establishing an additional constant load family, a live load family and a boundary condition family of the member in the form of a simulation member family to form a simulation member family library;
step two, establishing an initialized mechanical finite element model on the basis of a standardized component family library, a finite element modeling instruction code library of the APDL-based component family, a load family library and a boundary family library, and concretely comprises the following steps,
forming a BIM model based on a standardized component family library, forming finite element modeling instruction codes of corresponding components, and establishing dead weight loads of the corresponding components;
based on a simulation component family library, additional constant load, live load and boundary conditions are given to the BIM model;
and extracting all material characteristics, APDL language, load and boundary conditions from the BIM model, automatically forming an APDL calculation script, importing the APDL calculation script into ANSYS for model generation, checking and solving, and forming an initialized mechanical finite element model.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising,
step three, in the construction, the method for optimizing the initialized mechanical finite element model specifically comprises the following steps,
updating the BIM along with the working condition changes such as construction progress, working procedures, construction change and the like, extracting all material characteristics, APDL language, load and boundary conditions of each stage, and importing the extracted material characteristics, APDL language, load and boundary conditions into an APDL calculation script template file to form a procedural APDL calculation script file;
finite element calculation is carried out based on the procedural APDL calculation script file, and the calculation result can be used as a reference for each specific decision in the construction process.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the APDL calculation script files are accumulated to form a file library as a mechanical finite element model library of the whole process for mechanical evolution trend analysis and mechanical problem tracing.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the dead weight load in the step one comprises a theoretical dead weight and a dead weight reference coefficient;
establishing the self-weight load of the corresponding component in the second step, specifically comprising the following steps of automatically calculating the theoretical self-weight according to the size and the density of the component; defining a self-weight reference coefficient; and obtaining the self-weight load of the member according to the product of the theoretical self-weight and the self-weight reference coefficient.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
each additional constant load component of the additional constant load family includes the following parameters: the load value, unit, distribution mode and direction, and the adding mode of the additional constant load component are the same as the adding mode of the material of the component of the BIM model.
6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the parameters of the live load family comprise a load value, a unit, a distribution mode and a direction, and a separated adding mode is adopted between the live load and the member of the BIM model.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the component parameters of the boundary condition family include boundary positions, boundary characteristics, and components of the BIM model are added separately.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the variable parameters in the component properties of the BIM model comprise the cross-sectional dimensions and length of the component, and the constant parameters comprise the component material.
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