CN111158082A - Preparation method for forming optical echo wall micro-cavity by using fluid instability in fiber - Google Patents
Preparation method for forming optical echo wall micro-cavity by using fluid instability in fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN111158082A CN111158082A CN202010097344.4A CN202010097344A CN111158082A CN 111158082 A CN111158082 A CN 111158082A CN 202010097344 A CN202010097344 A CN 202010097344A CN 111158082 A CN111158082 A CN 111158082A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/012—Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02395—Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method for forming an optical echo wall micro-cavity by utilizing fluid instability in a fiber, which comprises the following steps of firstly preparing a fiber preform, wherein the fiber preform is at least provided with one fiber core, and all the fiber cores are parallel to a longitudinal axis of the fiber; the fiber is fixed in an optical fiber fixing device, the fiber is heated by a heat source, and the temperature of the heated part is higher than the melting point of the fiber core but lower than the melting point of the cladding; the fiber core is melted at the heating part to cause the instability of the fluid of the fiber core, the fiber core is automatically broken to form a microsphere cavity under the action of surface tension, and simultaneously, under the action of the speed reducing motors at the two ends, molten liquid drops are moved out of the heating position and solidified to form solid particles, and the distance between the microcavities can be regulated, so that a series of microsphere cavities with uniform size, smooth surfaces and adjustable distance are obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical echo wall micro-cavities, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a semiconductor germanium material optical echo wall micro-cavity by utilizing fluid instability in an optical fiber.
Background
The optical echo wall micro-cavity mainly uses the principle of total reflection of light. When light propagates in the microcavity, total reflection is continuously generated on the surface of the microcavity, the microcavity restrains the light near an equatorial plane and bypasses along a great circle, and a specific whispering gallery mode is excited. Due to the whispering gallery mode, the advantages of very high quality factors, extremely small mode volume, very low nonlinear effect threshold value and the like are achieved, and important optical devices such as a miniature laser light source and a high-sensitivity sensor device can be achieved. Therefore, the optical echo wall microcavity has important research value in the fields of basic research and application research.
Semiconductor silicon germanium material is an emerging silica-based photonic ground stone material. Among them, germanium has characteristics such as a high refractive index (n ═ 4.0), a high mid-infrared transmittance (2 to 16 μm), a high kerr nonlinear coefficient, and is an excellent mid-infrared optical material. The optical echo wall micro-cavity based on the germanium material can combine the characteristics of the germanium material on the optical performance and the absorption peak of the germanium material in the mid-infrared band, and is a way for realizing ultra-high sensitivity mid-infrared gas sensing.
The preparation method of the echo wall solid microsphere cavity generally comprises the following steps: mechanical grinding method, high-temperature melting method of glass powder. The mechanical grinding method is generally used for preparing crystal materials which are difficult to melt, and has the defects that the prepared microspheres have a slightly large cavity volume and large surface roughness; the glass powder high-temperature melting method is characterized in that glass with specific components is ground into glass powder, then the glass powder is placed into a high-temperature furnace, and the glass powder is promoted to form glass microspheres by utilizing the surface tension of a melt. Therefore, although there are many methods for preparing the solid whispering gallery micro-cavity, it is still difficult to prepare the optical whispering gallery micro-cavity with low surface roughness, uniform diameter and adjustable diameter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a semiconductor germanium material optical echo wall micro-cavity by utilizing fluid instability in an optical fiber, which can form a micro-cavity with a smooth surface, and the micro-cavity has uniform size, adjustable diameter and controllable distance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for forming optical echo wall micro-cavity by fluid instability in fiber includes preparing prefabricated fiber rod with at least one fiber core and all fiber cores being parallel to longitudinal axis of fiber. The fiber is fixed in an optical fiber fixing device, the fiber is heated by a heat source, the temperature of a heating part is higher than the melting point of a fiber core but lower than the melting point of a cladding, the stretching speeds at two ends are v, the fiber core is melted at the heating part to cause the instability of the fluid of the fiber core, the fiber core is automatically broken to form a microsphere cavity under the action of surface tension, and simultaneously, under the action of speed reducing motors at two ends, molten liquid drops are moved out of the heating position and solidified to form solid particles, and the space between the microcavities can be regulated, so that a series of microsphere cavities with uniform size, smooth surfaces and adjustable space are obtained.
The diameter of the last formed whispering gallery micro-cavity can be changed by changing the diameter and the number of the fiber cores of the optical fiber; the diameter of the optical echo wall micro-cavity can be changed by changing the heating temperature of the heat source; the distance between the echo wall micro-cavities can be changed by changing the stretching speed of the speed reducing motors at the two ends of the optical fiber. Finally, a series of echo wall micro-cavities with uniform diameter, smooth surface, adjustable diameter and adjustable distance are formed on fibers with different numbers of fiber cores by a heat treatment method, and then HF acid treatment is carried out on fiber cladding glass to finally obtain the micro-nano micro-cavities.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention for making an optical whispering gallery microcavity using fiber flow instabilities. 1. A fiber core of the prefabricated rod; 2. cladding the prefabricated rod; 3. a fiber core; 4. a fiber cladding; 5. an optical fiber; 6. an optical fiber fixing device; 7. a three-dimensional displacement platform; 8. a reduction motor; 9. an optical fiber fixing device; 10. a heat source; 11. and (5) a microscopic device.
Fig. 2 is a microscopic image of an optical fiber drawn through an optical fiber preform.
Fig. 3 is a microscopic image of an optical echo wall microcavity obtained after heat treatment of a fiber sample.
Fig. 4 is a microscopic image of an optical echo wall microcavity after HF acid treatment.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for forming an optical whispering gallery microcavity by fluid instability in a fiber, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing a fiber preform having at least one core, all cores being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fiber; the melting point of the cladding material of the prefabricated rod is larger than that of the core material, and the viscosity of the cladding material is larger; the core material is a germanium rod with the purity of 99.99 percent, and the cladding glass is phosphate glass. And placing the germanium rod in a phosphate glass tube to form a fiber prefabricated rod.
(2) Optical fibers of different diameters were prepared. The semiconductor germanium core phosphate glass cladding optical fiber is prepared by using an optical fiber fused core method. The fiber drawing temperature is lower than the melting point of the phosphate glass cladding, but higher than the melting point of the semiconductor germanium fiber core, the viscosity of the cladding is high, the continuity condition is met, and the drawing temperature is set to be about 1000 ℃. And the semiconductor germanium core phosphate glass cladding optical fibers with different diameters are prepared by changing the parameters of the size of the prefabricated rod, the drawing temperature, the drawing speed and the like, and the diameter range of the semiconductor germanium core phosphate glass cladding optical fibers is 20 mu m-2 mm. The outer diameter of the fiber should be less than 2 mm.
(3) Two ends of the semiconductor germanium core phosphate glass cladding optical fiber are respectively fixed by an optical fiber fixing device, and the diameter range of the optical fiber which can be fixed is 20 mu m-2 mm.
(4) The optical fiber fixing device is connected with the three-dimensional displacement platform, and an X axis of the three-dimensional displacement platform is connected with the speed reducing motor; the optical fiber fixing device consists of an optical fiber fixing device, a three-dimensional displacement platform and an X-axis speed reducing motor.
(5) And focusing a microscopic device on the fiber core part of the fiber, and observing the change of the fiber core inside the fiber in the heat treatment process.
(6) And (3) placing a heat source on the lower surface of the fiber, wherein the heat source comprises flame or a carbon dioxide laser, and the heating temperature is higher than the melting point of the core material and lower than the melting point of the cladding material.
(7) The moving speed v of the X-axis speed reducing motor is preset, so that the optical fiber X-axis is stretched to two ends at the speed v, and the speed reducing range is 20-400 mu m/s.
(8) The diameter of a light spot of the carbon dioxide laser is preset, and the initial light spot diameter can be equal to the diameter of a fiber core of the optical fiber.
(9) The power of the carbon dioxide laser is preset, and the initial power can be set to be 0W.
(10) And opening the carbon dioxide laser, carrying out laser heat treatment on the bottom of the optical fiber, adjusting the power of the carbon dioxide laser, and observing that the fiber core of the optical fiber begins to deform in a microscopic device.
(11) The motor speed at both ends of the fiber was turned on to draw the fiber at speed v toward both ends, and the starting speed was set to 20 μm/s.
(12) The distance between the central axis of the three-dimensional displacement platform and the carbon dioxide laser is changed, so that the size of the area of the carbon dioxide laser for heat treatment of the optical fiber can be changed.
(13) And increasing the power of the carbon dioxide laser, namely increasing the heat treatment temperature of the optical fiber, and forming a series of microcavities with uniform size and smooth surfaces in the optical fiber under the heat treatment of the laser and the tension of the speed reducing motors at two ends.
(14) The power of the carbon dioxide laser and the initial diameter of the optical fiber are controlled, and the size of the echo wall micro-cavity can be controlled. The power of the carbon dioxide laser is increased, namely the temperature of the heat treatment optical fiber is increased, the temperature is increased, the speed of breaking and balling the fiber core in the optical fiber is increased, and therefore the diameter of the microcavity is reduced under the condition that the volume of the fiber core in the optical fiber is constant.
(15) The spacing between each microcavity can be changed by controlling the stretching speed of the speed reducing motor. The stretching speed of the speed reducing motor is increased, the fiber core in the optical fiber is broken, and the space between the micro-cavities can be increased.
(16) In a microscopic device, the optical fiber can be observed to contain a series of micro-cavities with uniform size and smooth surface.
(17) Placing the optical fiber containing the semiconductor germanium microcavity in HF acid, slowly eroding the phosphate glass cladding to expose the semiconductor germanium material echo wall microcavity, wherein the concentration of the HF acid is 5% -20%.
By preparing the semiconductor germanium material micro-cavity with a special structure in the semiconductor fiber, micro-sphere cavities with different diameters can be obtained by utilizing different sizes of the original fiber and are used as the echo wall micro-cavity. Since the obtained semiconductor material microcavity is in the glass cladding layer, the glass cladding layer on the surface needs to be corroded by HF acid, and then light is directly coupled into the semiconductor microcavity structure. The microcavities obtained in this way have several advantages: smooth surface and adjustable size. The microcavity with smooth surface can obtain higher Q value, namely the microcavity with low loss and high performance. Meanwhile, the selected semiconductor germanium material has a longer transmission window in the middle infrared band, so that the formed semiconductor germanium microcavity can be used in the middle infrared sensing field, and the echo wall microcavity structure can form a more sensitive middle infrared sensing component.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method for forming an optical echo wall micro-cavity by using fluid instability in fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a fiber preform;
(2) preparing optical fibers with different diameters, wherein the diameter range of the optical fibers is 20 mu m-2 mm;
(3) fixing two ends of the semiconductor germanium core phosphate glass cladding optical fiber by using optical fiber fixing devices respectively, wherein the diameter range of the optical fiber which can be fixed is 20 mu m-2 mm;
(4) the optical fiber fixing device is connected with the three-dimensional displacement platform, and an X axis of the three-dimensional displacement platform is connected with the speed reducing motor;
(5) focusing a microscopic device on the fiber core part of the fiber, and observing the change of the fiber core inside the fiber in the heat treatment process;
(6) placing a heat source on the lower surface of the fiber, wherein the heat source comprises flame or a carbon dioxide laser, and the heating temperature is higher than the melting point of the fiber core material but lower than the melting point of the cladding material;
(7) presetting the movement speed v of an X-axis speed reducing motor, so that the X axis of the optical fiber is stretched to two ends at the speed v, wherein the speed reducing range is 20-400 μm/s;
(8) presetting the diameter of a light spot of a carbon dioxide laser and the diameter of an initial light spot; equivalent to the fiber core diameter;
(9) presetting the power of the carbon dioxide laser, wherein the initial power can be set to be 0W;
(10) opening the carbon dioxide laser, carrying out laser heat treatment on the bottom of the optical fiber, adjusting the power of the carbon dioxide laser, and observing that the fiber core of the optical fiber begins to deform in a microscopic device;
(11) opening the motor speed at the two ends of the optical fiber to make the optical fiber stretch to the two ends at the speed v, wherein the starting speed can be set to be 20 mu m/s;
(12) the distance between the central axis of the three-dimensional displacement platform and the carbon dioxide laser is changed, so that the size of the area of the carbon dioxide laser for heat treatment of the optical fiber can be changed.
(13) Increasing the power of the carbon dioxide laser, namely increasing the heat treatment temperature of the optical fiber, and forming a series of microcavities with uniform size and smooth surfaces in the optical fiber under the heat treatment of the laser and the tension of the speed reducing motors at two ends;
(14) the power of the carbon dioxide laser and the initial diameter of the optical fiber are controlled, so that the size of the echo wall micro-cavity can be controlled;
(15) controlling the stretching speed of a speed reducing motor to change the space between the micro-cavities;
(16) observing that the interior of the optical fiber contains a series of semiconductor germanium material micro-cavities with uniform size and smooth surfaces in a microscopic device;
(17) placing the optical fiber containing the semiconductor germanium microcavity in HF acid, slowly eroding the phosphate glass cladding to expose the semiconductor germanium material echo wall microcavity, wherein the concentration of the HF acid is 5% -20%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the preform has at least one core, and all cores are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the fiber; the melting point of the cladding material of the prefabricated rod is larger than that of the core material, and the viscosity of the cladding material is larger; the core material is a germanium rod with the purity of 99.99 percent, and the cladding glass is phosphate glass; and placing the germanium rod in a phosphate glass tube to form a fiber prefabricated rod.
3. The method for forming an optical whispering gallery microcavity using fluid instability in a fiber as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step (2), the semiconductor germanium core phosphate glass cladding fiber is prepared by a fiber fusion core method, the fiber drawing temperature should be lower than the phosphate glass cladding melting point but higher than the semiconductor germanium core melting point, and the cladding viscosity should be higher at this time, so as to satisfy the continuity condition, and the drawing temperature is set to about 1000 ℃.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113651523A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-11-16 | 北京大学 | Device and method for preparing ultra-high quality factor micro rod cavity |
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| US20010033587A1 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2001-10-25 | California Institute Of Technology | Micro-cavity laser |
| CN102530852A (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Method for fabricating three-dimensional optical echo wall mode micro-cavity by using femtosecond laser |
| CN103424359A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-04 | 天津大学 | Ultrathin-wall microtubule production device and production method thereof |
| US20150044463A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2015-02-12 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, | Dynamic In-Fiber Particle Production With Precise Dimensional Control |
| CN110228790A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-09-13 | 华南理工大学 | A method of semiconductor microactuator ball particle is prepared based on fluid instability in optical fiber |
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- 2020-02-17 CN CN202010097344.4A patent/CN111158082A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20010033587A1 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2001-10-25 | California Institute Of Technology | Micro-cavity laser |
| CN102530852A (en) * | 2012-03-06 | 2012-07-04 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Method for fabricating three-dimensional optical echo wall mode micro-cavity by using femtosecond laser |
| US20150044463A1 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2015-02-12 | University Of Central Florida Research Foundation, | Dynamic In-Fiber Particle Production With Precise Dimensional Control |
| CN103424359A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-12-04 | 天津大学 | Ultrathin-wall microtubule production device and production method thereof |
| CN110228790A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2019-09-13 | 华南理工大学 | A method of semiconductor microactuator ball particle is prepared based on fluid instability in optical fiber |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113651523A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2021-11-16 | 北京大学 | Device and method for preparing ultra-high quality factor micro rod cavity |
| CN113651523B (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-28 | 北京大学 | Device and method for preparing ultra-high quality factor micro rod cavity |
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