CN111153571A - Method for treating viscous oil sludge - Google Patents
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- CN111153571A CN111153571A CN202010028049.3A CN202010028049A CN111153571A CN 111153571 A CN111153571 A CN 111153571A CN 202010028049 A CN202010028049 A CN 202010028049A CN 111153571 A CN111153571 A CN 111153571A
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
- C02F11/14—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents
- C02F11/147—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening with addition of chemical agents using organic substances
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating viscous oil sludge. Carrying out sand-adding viscosity-reducing treatment on the viscous oil sludge; adding quartz sand, and stirring and mixing uniformly; performing thermochemical cleaning on the viscous oil sludge; dissolving a surfactant in distilled water at a concentration of 1-3%, preparing a cleaning solution, and adding the cleaning solution into the pretreated oil sludge; the mass of the cleaning solution is 5-10 times of that of the oil sludge quartz sand mixture, and the cleaning solution is stirred and heated in a constant-temperature water bath; and (3) carrying out three-phase separation on the oil sludge, removing upper-layer floating oil and water, and burying bottom-layer sludge. The viscosity of the viscous oil sludge is reduced by adding quartz sand into the viscous oil sludge, and then a thermochemical cleaning process is carried out, so that the cleaning time and the consumption of a medicament are effectively reduced, the three phases of oil, water and sludge are separated, the treated viscous oil sludge reaches the national landfill standard, and the residual oil amount is less than 2%. The separated water phase is recycled, and the treatment effects of energy conservation, emission reduction, green and economy are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sludge treatment, in particular to a method for treating viscous oil sludge.
Background
Petroleum is one of the main energy sources of human beings at present, along with the large-scale exploitation of petroleum, a large amount of oily sludge is generated, statistics shows that the annual output of the oily sludge in China reaches 500 ten thousand tons, and the characteristics of complex composition, high treatment difficulty, high treatment cost and the like are presented.
The oily sludge contains excessive crude oil besides silt and water, and the existence of the oil causes the oil sludge to have environmental hazard, is classified as hazardous waste and simultaneously causes the oil sludge to have the potential of resource utilization. The high melting point waxes, asphaltenes, gums and entrained solid particles in the crude oil along with the water become a homogeneous precipitate forming a viscous oily sludge. The viscous oil-containing oil sludge exists in a strong viscous state in which oil, sand and water are tightly combined, and the composition fluctuation is large, so that the oil separation and recovery are very difficult, the high viscosity of the oil sludge is not beneficial to the sedimentation of solid particles in the mechanical separation process, the strength of an emulsion water interface membrane can be increased, the coalescence of water drops is hindered, and the impurities in the oil sludge are difficult to effectively remove.
The thermochemical cleaning method is characterized by adding a proper amount of hot water and chemical agents into the oily sludge, changing the interface properties of oil and liquid phases and oil and sludge phases in the oily sludge through the rolling, emulsification, dissolution, solubilization and other effects of the chemical agents, washing and stripping crude oil from the surface of the sludge, reducing the viscosity of the oily sludge, and then realizing the three-phase separation of oil, water and sludge through the processes of sedimentation, cyclone and the like. However, due to the characteristics of high viscosity, poor fluidity, easy caking, difficult dispersion and the like of the oily sludge, hot water and a chemical agent cannot be in full contact with the oily sludge, so that the oily sludge is not thoroughly cleaned. Therefore, it is urgently required to develop a treatment method for increasing the contact area of the oil sludge and the hot water, reducing the viscosity of the oil sludge and improving the treatment efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a viscous oil sludge treatment method, which comprises the steps of reducing the viscosity of oil sludge through pretreatment, enabling hot water and a chemical agent to be in full contact with the oil sludge, greatly reducing the consumption of the chemical agent in a subsequent cleaning process, simultaneously shortening the treatment time, and realizing three-phase separation of oil cement through thermochemical cleaning and centrifugal treatment of the viscous oil sludge. The treatment method is simple, feasible, continuous and efficient, and has certain practical application significance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for treating viscous oil sludge, comprising the steps of:
1) carrying out sand-adding viscosity-reducing treatment on the viscous oil sludge; adding quartz sand, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
2) performing thermochemical cleaning on the viscous oil sludge; dissolving a surfactant in distilled water at a concentration of 1-3%, preparing a cleaning solution, and adding the cleaning solution into the pretreated oil sludge; the mass of the cleaning solution is 5-10 times of that of the oil sludge quartz sand mixture, and the cleaning solution is stirred and heated in a constant-temperature water bath;
3) and (3) carrying out three-phase separation on the oil sludge, removing upper-layer floating oil and water, and burying bottom-layer sludge.
The mass of the added quartz sand is 4-8% of that of the viscous oil sludge.
The grain size of the medium-grain quartz sand is 0.25 mm-0.5 mm, and the grain size of the fine-grain quartz sand is 0.05 mm-0.24 mm.
In the quartz sand, the mass ratio of the medium-particle-size quartz sand to the fine-particle-size quartz sand is 1: 1-1: 3.
The surfactant is an anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
The constant temperature in the step 2) of the method is 40-60 ℃.
In the step 2), the stirring time is 30-60min, and the stirring intensity is 150-300 r/min.
The three-phase separation in the step 3) of the method is as follows: pouring the oil sludge subjected to thermochemical cleaning into a centrifuge tube, and centrifuging for 5-10 min at a centrifugal speed of 2000-5000 r/min.
The concrete description is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, a method for treating viscous oil sludge mainly includes the following steps: firstly, performing viscosity reduction pretreatment on viscous oil sludge; through the step, the viscosity of the oil sludge is reduced, the fluidity is enhanced, the oil sludge is looser, and the subsequent cleaning process is facilitated.
Then thermo-chemically cleaning the viscous oil sludge; through the process, the surfactant is fully contacted with the oil sludge, so that the interfacial tension between the crude oil and the sand is reduced, and the crude oil is more easily dropped from the surface of the sand.
And finally, carrying out three-phase separation on the oil sludge, storing an oil phase, further treating a water phase and then recycling the water phase in a thermochemical cleaning process, and drying the sludge phase and then recycling the dried sludge phase.
Through the process treatment, the viscous oil sludge is not only subjected to harmless treatment, but also the crude oil with higher quality and more quality is recovered. The generated cleaning wastewater can be continuously used for cleaning the oil sludge after being further treated, and the residual medicament and heat in the wastewater are effectively utilized.
In summary, according to the viscous oil sludge treatment method provided by the invention, firstly, the method of adding quartz sand into viscous oil sludge is adopted, so that the viscosity of the oil sludge is reduced, then, the thermochemical cleaning process is carried out, the cleaning time and the consumption of chemicals are effectively reduced, the three phases of oil, water and sludge are separated, the treated viscous oil sludge reaches the national landfill standard, and the residual oil amount is less than 2%. The separated water phase is recycled, and the treatment effects of energy conservation, emission reduction, green and economy are achieved. By the treatment of the invention, the recovery rate of the oil phase can reach 80%. The aims of reduction, harmlessness and recycling of solid waste treatment are achieved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the viscosity-reducing-thermochemical cleaning treatment process of viscous oil sludge according to the present invention
Detailed Description
The process adopted by the invention can be divided into three steps: pretreatment, thermochemical cleaning and three-phase separation. The specific technological processes of the steps are respectively explained as follows:
the first embodiment is as follows:
a method for processing viscous oil sludge is characterized in that the viscosity of the conventional viscous oil sludge is measured by a German HAKKE VT550 rotational viscometer, the viscosity of the oil sludge before being processed is 0.25 pas, the initial oil content is 26%, the water content is 70%, and the sand content is 4%.
1) The thermochemical cleaning process of the oil sludge. 10g of oil sludge is taken and placed in a beaker, and then 0.3g (3% of the mass of the oil sludge) of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is weighed and dissolved in 100ml of distilled water to prepare a cleaning solution, wherein the mass of the cleaning solution is 10 times that of the oil sludge. And adding the cleaning solution into a beaker containing the mixed oil sludge, and stirring for 60min in a constant-temperature water bath at 40 ℃ with the stirring strength of 300 r/min. The thermochemical cleaning method is used for removing crude oil by dropping the crude oil from the surface of the silt through the actions of reducing the surface tension of the solution, changing the wettability, destroying a rigid interface film and the like.
2) Oil, mud and water three-phase separation process. And standing and cooling the mixed solution subjected to thermochemical washing for 60min, and centrifuging at a centrifugal speed of 2000r/min for 10 min. The components with different densities (such as water, oil and solid slag) are separated in a short time by using a high-speed rotating device to generate strong centrifugal force.
Through the treatment of the two steps, the oil content of the oil sludge is reduced from 26% to 6.8%, although the oil content of the oil sludge is obviously reduced, the consumed cleaning agent amount is large, the cleaning time is long, and the oil content of the oil sludge after oil sand separation in HJ601-2011 'technical Specification for recycling and utilizing waste mineral oil' is not reached to be less than 2%, so that a pretreatment method is required to be added, and the oil sludge is more effectively cleaned.
Example two:
a method for processing viscous oil sludge is characterized in that the viscosity of the conventional viscous oil sludge is measured by a German HAKKE VT550 rotational viscometer, the viscosity of the oil sludge before being processed is 0.25 pas, the initial oil content is 26%, the water content is 70%, and the sand content is 4%.
1) And (4) performing viscosity reduction treatment on the oil sludge. 10g of oil sludge is taken and placed in a beaker, 0.2g of medium sand and 0.2g of fine sand (with the particle size of 0.25 mm-0.5 mm) which are a mixture of the medium sand and the fine sand with the mass ratio of 1:1, namely the medium sand and the fine sand are weighed and added into the oil sludge, and the mass of the quartz sand mixture is 4 percent of the mass of the oil sludge at the moment, and the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes. By adding the solid particles, the oil sludge can be converted into loose particles from a strong viscous semi-solid state, so that the full contact between hot water and the oil sludge is facilitated, and the cleaning time is shortened. Because the oil sludge contains a part of solid particles, only a small amount of mixed dry sand needs to be added. And (3) measuring the viscosity of the oil sludge added with the mixed dry sand and uniformly stirred, and measuring that the viscosity of the oil sludge is reduced to 0.088 Pa.s.
2) The thermochemical cleaning process of the oil sludge. 0.2g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (2% of the mass of the oil sludge) is weighed and dissolved in 104ml of distilled water to prepare a cleaning solution, and the mass of the cleaning solution is 10 times that of the oil sludge. And adding the cleaning solution into a beaker containing the mixed oil sludge, and stirring in a constant-temperature water bath at 40 ℃ for 40min with the stirring strength of 300 r/min. The thermochemical cleaning method is used for removing crude oil by dropping the crude oil from the surface of the silt through the actions of reducing the surface tension of the solution, changing the wettability, destroying a rigid interface film and the like.
3) Oil, mud and water three-phase separation process. And standing and cooling the mixed solution subjected to thermochemical washing for 60min, and centrifuging at a centrifugal speed of 2000r/min for 10 min. The components with different densities (such as water, oil and solid slag) are separated in a short time by using a high-speed rotating device to generate strong centrifugal force.
After the treatment of the three steps, the oil content of the oil sludge is reduced from 26% to 1.8%, which is lower than the specification that the oil content of the oil sludge after oil sand separation in HJ601-2011 'technical Specification for recycling and utilizing waste mineral oil' is less than 2%. Compared with the first embodiment, after the step of pretreating the oil sludge by increasing the viscosity of the oil sludge, the addition amount of the chemical agent in the thermochemical cleaning process is reduced, the cleaning time is reduced, and the treatment efficiency is improved.
Example three:
the viscosity of the oil sludge before the treatment is 0.31 Pa.s, and the initial oil content is 24 percent, the water content is 73 percent, and the sand content is 3 percent.
1) And (4) performing viscosity reduction treatment on the oil sludge. 10g of oil sludge is taken and placed in a beaker, 0.2g of medium sand and 0.4g of fine sand which are a mixture of medium sand and fine sand in a mass ratio of 1:2 are weighed and added into the oil sludge, and the mass of the quartz sand mixture is 6 percent of the mass of the oil sludge at the moment, and the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes. By adding the solid particles, the oil sludge can be converted into loose particles from a strong viscous semi-solid state, so that the full contact between hot water and the oil sludge is facilitated, and the cleaning time is shortened. Because the oil sludge contains a part of solid particles, only a small amount of mixed dry sand needs to be added. And (3) measuring the viscosity of the oil sludge added with the mixed dry sand and uniformly stirred, and measuring that the viscosity of the oil sludge is reduced to 0.01 Pa.s.
2) The thermochemical cleaning process of the oil sludge. 0.2g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (2% by mass of the sludge) was dissolved in 84.8ml of distilled water to prepare a cleaning solution, which was 8 times the mass of the sludge. And adding the cleaning solution into a beaker containing the oil sludge, and stirring in a constant-temperature water bath at 40 ℃ for 40min with the stirring strength of 300 r/min. The thermochemical cleaning method is used for removing crude oil by dropping the crude oil from the surface of the silt through the actions of reducing the surface tension of the solution, changing the wettability, destroying a rigid interface film and the like.
3) Oil, mud and water three-phase separation process. And standing and cooling the mixed solution subjected to thermochemical washing for 60min, and centrifuging at a centrifugal speed of 2000r/min for 10 min. The components with different densities (such as water, oil and solid slag) are separated in a short time by using a high-speed rotating device to generate strong centrifugal force.
After the treatment of the three steps, the oil content of the oil sludge is reduced from 24% to 1.6%, which is lower than the specification that the oil content of the oil sludge after oil sand separation in HJ601-2011 'technical Specification for recycling and utilizing waste mineral oil' is less than 2%. Compared with the two phases of the embodiment, the increase of the mixed sand quantity is beneficial to the removal of the crude oil from the sludge to a certain extent.
Example four:
the viscosity of the oil sludge before the treatment is 0.33 Pa.s, and the initial oil content is 24 percent, the water content is 73 percent, and the sand content is 3 percent.
1) And (4) performing viscosity reduction treatment on the oil sludge. 10g of oil sludge is taken and placed in a beaker, 0.2g of medium sand and 0.6g of fine sand which are a mixture of medium sand and fine sand in a mass ratio of 1:3 are weighed and added into the oil sludge, and the mass of the quartz sand mixture is 8 percent of the mass of the oil sludge, and the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes. By adding the solid particles, the oil sludge can be converted into loose particles from a strong viscous semi-solid state, so that the full contact between hot water and the oil sludge is facilitated, and the cleaning time is shortened. Because the oil sludge contains a part of solid particles, only a small amount of mixed dry sand needs to be added. Viscosity measurement was performed on the sludge to which the dry mixed sand was added and which was uniformly stirred, and it was determined that the viscosity of the sludge had decreased to 0.014Pa · s.
2) The thermochemical cleaning process of the oil sludge. 0.1g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (2% of the mass of the oil sludge) was dissolved in 54ml of distilled water to prepare a cleaning solution, and the mass of the cleaning solution was 5 times that of the oil sludge. And adding the cleaning solution into a beaker containing the oil sludge, and stirring in a constant-temperature water bath at 40 ℃ for 40min with the stirring strength of 300 r/min. The thermochemical cleaning method is used for removing crude oil by dropping the crude oil from the surface of the silt through the actions of reducing the surface tension of the solution, changing the wettability, destroying a rigid interface film and the like.
3) Oil, mud and water three-phase separation process. And standing and cooling the mixed solution subjected to thermochemical washing for 60min, and centrifuging at a centrifugal speed of 2000r/min for 10 min. The components with different densities (such as water, oil and solid slag) are separated in a short time by using a high-speed rotating device to generate strong centrifugal force.
After the treatment of the three steps, the oil content of the oil sludge is reduced from 24% to 1.47%, which is lower than the specification that the oil content of the oil sludge after oil sand separation in HJ601-2011 'technical Specification for recycling and utilizing waste mineral oil' is less than 2%.
Example five:
the viscosity of the oil sludge before the treatment is 0.32 Pa.s, and the initial oil content is 23%, the water content is 73%, and the sand content is 4%.
1) And (4) performing viscosity reduction treatment on the oil sludge. 10g of oil sludge is taken and placed in a beaker, 0.2g of medium sand and 0.6g of fine sand which are a mixture of medium sand and fine sand in a mass ratio of 1:3 are weighed and added into the oil sludge, and the mass of the quartz sand mixture is 8 percent of the mass of the oil sludge, and the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes. By adding the solid particles, the oil sludge can be converted into loose particles from a strong viscous semi-solid state, so that the full contact between hot water and the oil sludge is facilitated, and the cleaning time is shortened. Because the oil sludge contains a part of solid particles, only a small amount of mixed dry sand needs to be added. And (3) measuring the viscosity of the oil sludge added with the mixed dry sand and uniformly stirred, and measuring that the viscosity of the oil sludge is reduced to 0.012 Pa.s.
2) The thermochemical cleaning process of the oil sludge. 0.1g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (2% of the mass of the oil sludge) was dissolved in 54ml of distilled water to prepare a cleaning solution, and the mass of the cleaning solution was 5 times that of the oil sludge. Adding the cleaning solution into a beaker containing oil sludge, and stirring in a constant-temperature water bath at 50 ℃ for 30min with the stirring strength of 200 r/min. The thermochemical cleaning method is used for removing crude oil by dropping the crude oil from the surface of the silt through the actions of reducing the surface tension of the solution, changing the wettability, destroying a rigid interface film and the like.
3) Oil, mud and water three-phase separation process. And standing and cooling the mixed solution subjected to thermochemical washing for 60min, and centrifuging at the centrifugal speed of 3500r/min for 8 min. The components with different densities (such as water, oil and solid slag) are separated in a short time by using a high-speed rotating device to generate strong centrifugal force.
After the treatment of the three steps, the oil content of the oil sludge is reduced from 24% to 1.38%, which is lower than the specification that the oil content of the oil sludge after oil sand separation in HJ601-2011 'technical Specification for recycling and utilizing waste mineral oil' is less than 2%.
Example six:
the viscosity of the oil sludge before the treatment is 0.33 Pa.s, and the initial oil content is 24 percent, the water content is 73 percent, and the sand content is 3 percent.
1) And (4) performing viscosity reduction treatment on the oil sludge. 10g of oil sludge is taken and placed in a beaker, 0.2g of medium sand and 0.6g of fine sand which are a mixture of medium sand and fine sand in a mass ratio of 1:3 are weighed and added into the oil sludge, and the mass of the quartz sand mixture is 8 percent of the mass of the oil sludge, and the mixture is stirred for 10 minutes. By adding the solid particles, the oil sludge can be converted into loose particles from a strong viscous semi-solid state, so that the full contact between hot water and the oil sludge is facilitated, and the cleaning time is shortened. Because the oil sludge contains a part of solid particles, only a small amount of mixed dry sand needs to be added. And (3) measuring the viscosity of the oil sludge added with the mixed dry sand and uniformly stirred, and measuring that the viscosity of the oil sludge is reduced to 0.01 Pa.s.
2) The thermochemical cleaning process of the oil sludge. 0.1g of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (2% of the mass of the oil sludge) was dissolved in 54ml of distilled water to prepare a cleaning solution, and the mass of the cleaning solution was 5 times that of the oil sludge. And adding the cleaning solution into a beaker containing the oil sludge, and stirring in a constant-temperature water bath at 60 ℃ for 30min with the stirring strength of 300 r/min. The thermochemical cleaning method is used for removing crude oil by dropping the crude oil from the surface of the silt through the actions of reducing the surface tension of the solution, changing the wettability, destroying a rigid interface film and the like.
3) Oil, mud and water three-phase separation process. And standing and cooling the mixed solution subjected to thermochemical washing for 60min, and centrifuging for 5min at the centrifugal speed of 5000 r/min. The components with different densities (such as water, oil and solid slag) are separated in a short time by using a high-speed rotating device to generate strong centrifugal force.
After the treatment of the three steps, the oil content of the oil sludge is reduced from 24% to 1.11%, which is lower than the specification that the oil content of the oil sludge after oil sand separation in HJ601-2011 'technical Specification for recycling and utilizing waste mineral oil' is less than 2%. Compared with the fourth and fifth embodiments, the increase of the cleaning temperature, the enhancement of the stirring speed and the centrifugal speed are beneficial to the removal of oil, the dosage of the surfactant is effectively reduced, the cleaning time is shortened, and the cleaning efficiency is improved.
The above preferred embodiments should be considered as examples of the embodiments of the present application, and technical deductions, substitutions, improvements and the like similar to, similar to or based on the embodiments of the present application should be considered as the protection scope of the present patent.
While the methods and techniques of the present invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that variations and/or modifications of the methods and techniques described herein may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is expressly intended that all such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and content of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for treating viscous oil sludge is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) carrying out sand-adding viscosity-reducing treatment on the viscous oil sludge; adding quartz sand, and stirring and mixing uniformly;
2) performing thermochemical cleaning on the viscous oil sludge; dissolving a surfactant in distilled water at a concentration of 1-3%, preparing a cleaning solution, and adding the cleaning solution into the pretreated oil sludge; the mass of the cleaning solution is 5-10 times of that of the oil sludge quartz sand mixture, and the cleaning solution is stirred and heated in a constant-temperature water bath;
3) and (3) carrying out three-phase separation on the oil sludge, removing upper-layer floating oil and water, and burying bottom-layer sludge.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the added silica sand is present in an amount of 4 to 8% by mass based on the mass of the viscous oil sludge.
3. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the medium-sized quartz sand has a particle size of 0.25mm to 0.5mm and the fine-sized quartz sand has a particle size of 0.05mm to 0.24 mm.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the medium-size quartz sand to the fine-size quartz sand is 1:1 to 1: 3.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is an anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
6. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the constant temperature in the step 2) is 40-60 ℃.
7. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the stirring time in the step 2) is 30 to 60min, and the stirring intensity is 150 to 300 r/min.
8. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the three-phase separation in the step 3) is: pouring the oil sludge subjected to thermochemical cleaning into a centrifuge tube, and centrifuging for 5-10 min at a centrifugal speed of 2000-5000 r/min.
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