CN111139639A - 一种室外保温复合材料及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种室外保温复合材料及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN111139639A
CN111139639A CN202010021894.8A CN202010021894A CN111139639A CN 111139639 A CN111139639 A CN 111139639A CN 202010021894 A CN202010021894 A CN 202010021894A CN 111139639 A CN111139639 A CN 111139639A
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岳学杰
张涛
何美莹
杨冬亚
邱凤仙
李张迪
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Jiangsu University
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Abstract

本发明涉及保温材料制备技术领域，具体涉及一种室外保温复合材料及其制备方法与应用。利用北极熊的保温原理提供了一种通过对人体红外辐射以及太阳辐射进行选择性调控，而研发的具有辅助保温功能的室外保温复合材料，所述的室外保温复合材料可以有效降低人体的红外辐射损失，吸收太阳辐射热能，辅助提高体感温度。在室外环境下达到太阳辐射吸收的最大化和人体自身热辐射损耗的最小化。在户外防寒保暖领域具有广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种室外保温复合材料及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及保温材料制备技术领域，具体涉及一种室外保温复合材料及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
在户外环境的体育活动和工业运作是日常生活工作中不可避免的一部分，户外活动经常遇到严寒环境，穿着更厚的衣服或多层衣服成为常用的室外保温手段，但过厚衣物过于笨重，舒适感差且带来行动不便的问题。所以保温面料的研发具有广阔的市场空间。常规衣物依靠减少人体热对流和热交换的热量损失，但对于减少人体红外辐射损失没有太多帮助。在室外严寒环境中，人体体表与外界有着较大的温差，同时人体有着极高的红外发射（> 0.93），热辐射损失成为严寒环境下人体热量重要的损失方式。北极熊是一种生活在极寒地区的恒温动物，其皮毛可以将来自太阳辐射的热量引导进入皮肤表面，同时体内的热辐射又被毛发反射并减少热辐射损失。能否将北极熊的保温原理应用于服装面料具有广泛的研究前景，但目前为止还未见相关的研究报道公开。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的一些缺点和不足，利用北极熊的保温原理提供了一种通过对人体红外辐射以及太阳辐射进行选择性调控，而研发的具有辅助保温功能的室外保温复合材料，所述的室外保温复合材料可以有效降低人体的红外辐射损失，吸收太阳辐射热能，辅助提高体感温度。
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
本发明提供了一种室外保温复合材料，所述的复合材料包括支撑层、辐射吸收层和金属膜层；所述辐射吸收层涂布于支撑层单面，并在支撑层的另一面溅射金属膜层。所述的复合材料可以在室外环境下实现最大程度吸收太阳辐射的同时降低人体自身的热辐射损耗，实现人体室外保温。
本发明还提供了一种室外保温复合材料的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
（1）每升水中加入0.2~3 mol粘度调节剂完全溶解为粘稠液体后再加入0.5~10 mol辐射吸收剂，高速搅拌形成粘稠泡沫；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的粘稠泡沫均匀刮涂在支撑层的单面，室温干燥后得到单面修饰辐射吸收层的膜材料，辐射吸收层的厚度为5~186nm；
（3）利用磁控溅射技术在步骤（2）所得膜材料的另一面构建金属膜层，得复合材料。
步骤（1）中所述的粘度调节剂为聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠、明胶、环糊精或卡拉胶中的一种或多种。
步骤（1）中所述的辐射吸收剂为碳纳米管或石墨烯。
步骤（2）中所述的支撑层为编织物或非编织织物。
进一步，步骤（2）中所述的编织物为棉布、亚麻布、蚕丝布、羊毛布、尼龙布或醋酸布。所述的非编织织物为无纺布、纤维素膜或微孔聚烯烃隔膜。
步骤（2）中所述的辐射吸收层的厚度为5~186 nm。
步骤（3）中所述的金属膜层为铝膜层、银膜层、金膜层、铜膜层、铁膜层或镍膜层。
步骤（3）中所述的金属膜层的厚度为5~200 nm。
步骤（3）中所述的磁控溅射工艺参数为高纯氩气的流量为20~25 sccm，高纯氮气流量为5~7 sccm，溅射气压为3~5 Pa，溅射功率为5~30W，溅射时间为3~90 s。
本发明还提供了上述制备的室外保温复合材料在服装面料中的应用，尤其在防寒保暖用的户外服中的应用。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明利用北极熊的保温原理提供了一种通过对人体红外辐射以及太阳辐射进行选择性调控，而研发的具有辅助保温功能的室外保温复合材料，所述的室外保温复合材料可以有效降低人体的红外辐射损失，吸收太阳辐射热能，辅助提高体感温度。在室外环境下达到太阳辐射吸收的最大化和人体自身热辐射损耗的最小化。本发明所提供的制备方法通过简单的磁控溅射和涂布工艺在常规面料上复合而成，避免化学制备手段的参与，具有制备工艺简单可控、安全以及绿色环保等优点，在户外防寒保暖领域具有广阔的应用前景。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种室外保温复合材料及其制备方法与应用。本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容，适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是，所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的，它们都被视为包括在本发明，例如本发明中所述的支撑层为编织物或非编织织物。所述的编织物可以为现有常用的棉布、亚麻布、蚕丝布、羊毛布、尼龙布以及醋酸布等等；所述的非编织织物可以为无纺布、纤维素膜或微孔聚烯烃隔膜等等。下面所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本发明的方法及产品已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述，相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法进行改动或适当变更与组合，来实现和应用本发明技术。
如无特殊说明，本发明实施例中所涉及的试剂均为市售产品，均可以通过商业渠道购买获得。
实施例1
（1）每升水中加入1 mol聚乙烯醇完全溶解为粘稠液体后再加入5 mol碳纳米管，高速搅拌形成粘稠泡沫；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的粘稠泡沫均匀刮涂在无纺布单面，室温干燥后得到单面修饰辐射吸收层的膜材料，辐射吸收层的厚度为95 nm；
（3）利用磁控溅射技术在步骤（2）所得膜材料的另一面构建金属铝膜层，铝膜层厚度为66nm，得复合材料；溅射工艺参数为溅射腔室高纯氩气流量为25sccm，高纯氮气流量为6sccm，溅射气压为4Pa，溅射功率为10W，溅射时间为60s。
通过紫外-可见光分光光度计和积分球辅助的傅立叶变换红外光谱仪测量，本实施例所制备的复合材料在人体辐射波段4~18 μm波长范围的反射率为86.1~88.4%，在太阳辐射波段200~1400 nm波段范围的吸收率为84.2~92.5%。在15℃模拟环境下，复合面料相比于相同厚度棉布提升体表温度3.2℃。
实施例2
（1）每升水中加入3 mol海藻酸钠完全溶解为粘稠液体后再加入10 mol碳纳米管，高速搅拌形成粘稠泡沫；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的粘稠泡沫均匀刮涂在微孔聚烯烃隔膜单面，室温干燥后得到单面修饰辐射吸收层的膜材料，辐射吸收层的厚度为186 nm；
（3）利用磁控溅射技术在步骤（2）所得膜材料的另一面构建金属银膜层，银膜层厚度为95nm，得复合材料；溅射工艺参数为溅射腔室高纯氩气的流量为20sccm，高纯氮气流量为7sccm，溅射气压为4Pa，溅射功率为15W，溅射时间为30s。
通过紫外-可见光分光光度计和积分球辅助的傅立叶变换红外光谱仪测量，本实施例所制备的复合材料在人体辐射波段4~18 μm波长范围的反射率为88.3~88.4%，在太阳辐射波段200~1400 nm波段范围的吸收率为86.4~94.2%。在15℃模拟环境下，复合面料相比于相同厚度棉布提升体表温度3.6℃。
实施例3
（1）每升水中加入0.2 mol环糊精完全溶解为粘稠液体后再加入10 mol石墨烯，高速搅拌形成粘稠泡沫；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的粘稠泡沫均匀刮涂在棉布单面，室温干燥后得到单面修饰辐射吸收层的膜材料，辐射吸收层的厚度为185 nm；
（3）利用磁控溅射技术在步骤（2）所得膜材料的另一面构建金膜层，金膜层厚度为165nm，得复合材料；溅射工艺参数为溅射腔室高纯氩气的流量为20sccm，高纯氮气流量为5sccm，溅射气压为4Pa，溅射功率为30W，溅射时间为60s。
通过紫外-可见光分光光度计和积分球辅助的傅立叶变换红外光谱仪测量，本实施例所制备的复合材料在人体辐射波段4~18 μm波长范围的反射率为89.5~92.8%，在太阳辐射波段200~1400 nm波段范围的吸收率为87.8~93.1%。在15℃模拟环境下，复合面料相比于相同厚度棉布提升体表温度4.1℃。
实施例4
（1）每升水中加入2 mol卡拉胶完全溶解为粘稠液体后再加入0.5 mol石墨烯，高速搅拌形成粘稠泡沫；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的粘稠泡沫均匀刮涂在蚕丝布单面，室温干燥后得到单面修饰辐射吸收层的膜材料，辐射吸收层的厚度为5 nm；
（3）利用磁控溅射技术在步骤（2）所得膜材料的另一面构建金属铜膜层，铜膜层厚度为200nm，得复合材料；溅射工艺参数为溅射腔室高纯氩气的流量为25sccm，高纯氮气流量为7sccm，溅射气压为3Pa，溅射功率为20W，溅射时间为90s。
通过紫外-可见光分光光度计和积分球辅助的傅立叶变换红外光谱仪测量，本实施例所制备的复合材料在人体辐射波段4~18 μm波长范围的反射率为85.1~87.7%，在太阳辐射波段200~1400 nm波段范围的吸收率为81.2~89.5%。在15℃模拟环境下，复合面料相比于相同厚度棉布提升体表温度3.5℃。
实施例5
（1）每升水中加入1 mol明胶完全溶解为粘稠液体后再加入3mol石墨烯，高速搅拌形成粘稠泡沫；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的粘稠泡沫均匀刮涂在尼龙布单面，室温干燥后得到单面修饰辐射吸收层的膜材料，辐射吸收层厚度为155 nm；
（3）利用磁控溅射技术在步骤（2）所得膜材料的另一面构建金属铁膜层，铁膜层厚度为5nm，得复合材料；溅射工艺参数为溅射腔室高纯氩气的流量为20sccm，高纯氮气流量为5sccm，溅射气压为5Pa，溅射功率为5W，溅射时间为3s。
通过紫外-可见光分光光度计和积分球辅助的傅立叶变换红外光谱仪测量，本实施例所制备的复合材料在人体辐射波段4~18 μm波长范围的反射率为81.3~82.2%，在太阳辐射波段200~1400 nm波段范围的吸收率为85.2~91.1%。在15℃模拟环境下，复合面料相比于相同厚度棉布提升体表温度3.1℃。
实施例6
（1）每升水中加入1 mol明胶、1mol海藻酸钠完全溶解为粘稠液体后再加入5mol石墨烯，高速搅拌形成粘稠泡沫；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的粘稠泡沫均匀刮涂在醋酸布单面，室温干燥后得到单面修饰辐射吸收层的膜材料，辐射吸收层厚度为135 nm；
（3）利用磁控溅射技术在步骤（2）所得膜材料的另一面构建金属镍膜层，镍膜层厚度为50nm，得复合材料；溅射工艺参数为溅射腔室高纯氩气的流量为20sccm，高纯氮气流量为5sccm，溅射气压为5Pa，溅射功率为5W，溅射时间为3s。
通过紫外-可见光分光光度计和积分球辅助的傅立叶变换红外光谱仪测量，本实施例所制备的复合材料在人体辐射波段4~18 μm波长范围的反射率为82.5~86.7%，在太阳辐射波段200~1400 nm波段范围的吸收率为86.3~94.2%。在15℃模拟环境下，复合面料相比于相同厚度棉布提升体表温度2.9℃。
上述实例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人是能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种室外保温复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）每升水中加入0.2~3 mol粘度调节剂完全溶解为粘稠液体后再加入0.5~10 mol辐射吸收剂，高速搅拌形成粘稠泡沫；
（2）将步骤（1）所得的粘稠泡沫均匀刮涂在支撑层的单面，室温干燥后得到单面修饰辐射吸收层的膜材料；
（3）利用磁控溅射技术在步骤（2）所得膜材料的另一面构建金属膜层，得复合材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中所述的粘度调节剂为聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠、明胶、环糊精或卡拉胶中的一种或多种的混合物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（1）中所述的辐射吸收剂为碳纳米管或石墨烯。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中所述的支撑层为编织物或非编织织物；所述的编织物为棉布、亚麻布、蚕丝布、羊毛布、尼龙布或醋酸布；所述的非编织织物为无纺布、纤维素膜或微孔聚烯烃隔膜。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中所述的辐射吸收层的厚度为5~186 nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述的金属膜层为铝膜层、银膜层、金膜层、铜膜层、铁膜层或镍膜层。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述的膜层的厚度为5~200 nm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中所述的磁控溅射工艺参数为高纯氩气的流量为20~25 sccm，高纯氮气流量为5~7 sccm，溅射气压为3~5Pa，溅射功率为5~30W，溅射时间为3~90 s。
9.根据权利要求1~8任一项所述的复合材料的制备方法制备的复合材料，其特征在于，所述的复合材料包括支撑层、辐射吸收层和金属膜层；所述辐射吸收层涂布于支撑层单面，并在支撑层的另一面溅射金属膜层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的室外保温复合材料在防寒保暖用户外服装面料中的应用。
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CN110565176A (zh) * 2019-06-04 2019-12-13 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 一种基于碳纳米管的可调温织物及其制备方法

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CN108045006A (zh) * 2017-12-11 2018-05-18 郑小华 一种多层面料及其制备方法
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