CN111130387A - Asymmetric combined type broadband vibration energy collector - Google Patents
Asymmetric combined type broadband vibration energy collector Download PDFInfo
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- CN111130387A CN111130387A CN202010039725.7A CN202010039725A CN111130387A CN 111130387 A CN111130387 A CN 111130387A CN 202010039725 A CN202010039725 A CN 202010039725A CN 111130387 A CN111130387 A CN 111130387A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K35/00—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit
- H02K35/02—Generators with reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating coil system, magnet, armature or other part of the magnetic circuit with moving magnets and stationary coil systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an asymmetric composite broadband vibration energy collector which comprises a shell, and a vibration pickup beam, a piezoelectric sheet, a permanent magnet and a coil which are arranged in the shell. And two ends of the vibration pickup beam are fixed with the shell to form a double-end fixed beam structure. The vibration pickup beam is in an asymmetric structure along the axial center line; the middle position of the vibration picking beam is fixed with a permanent magnet, the positions close to the two ends are respectively provided with a piezoelectric sheet, and the positions corresponding to the permanent magnet in the shell are provided with coils to form a piezoelectric/electromagnetic combined type energy collecting structure. The invention utilizes the nonlinear characteristic of the double-end clamped beam during vibration, and can realize the frequency band expansion of the vibration energy collector without any auxiliary structure, thereby improving the energy acquisition efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a vibration energy collector structure, and belongs to the field of micro energy.
Background
In recent years, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology has been rapidly developed, and as a monitoring means, it has made a great contribution in the fields of life, traffic, industry, national defense, and the like. However, how to supply power to tens of thousands of wireless sensor network nodes becomes an important bottleneck restricting the development thereof. At present, most of the wireless sensing network nodes are powered by batteries, but the service life of the batteries is limited, and higher cost is inevitably brought by replacement and treatment of the waste batteries. The micro environmental energy collector is an effective way for solving the power supply problem of the wireless sensing network node, and the environmental energy which can be used for supplying power to the wireless sensing network node mainly comprises solar energy, wind energy, vibration energy, radio frequency radiation energy and the like.
The vibration energy is energy widely existing in the environment, most of the collection of the vibration energy adopts a piezoelectric cantilever beam structure at present, however, as a linear structure, the piezoelectric cantilever beam only obtains larger electrical output in a very small range near the natural frequency, so how to expand the frequency bandwidth of the vibration energy collector to improve the energy acquisition efficiency is a key technology for promoting the vibration energy collector to take the way to the practicability. Meanwhile, a single electromechanical conversion mode has limited contribution to the energy conversion efficiency of the energy collector, and a combined energy collection scheme with multiple electromechanical conversion modes in coexistence becomes another important development direction in the field of environmental energy collection.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an asymmetric composite broadband vibration energy collector which adopts an asymmetric structure and a piezoelectric/electromagnetic composite energy collection scheme to improve the output performance of the energy collector and is also a simple structure capable of realizing the frequency band expansion of the vibration energy collector.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an asymmetric composite broadband vibration energy collector comprises a shell, and a vibration pickup beam, a piezoelectric sheet, a permanent magnet and a coil which are arranged in the shell.
And two ends of the vibration pickup beam are fixed with the shell to form a double-end fixed beam structure. The vibration pickup beam is in an asymmetric structure along the axial center line; the middle position of the vibration picking beam is fixed with a permanent magnet, the positions close to the two ends are respectively provided with a piezoelectric sheet, and the positions corresponding to the permanent magnet in the shell are provided with coils to form a piezoelectric/electromagnetic combined type energy collecting structure.
The broadband characteristic of the vibration energy collector is realized through the double-end clamped beam structure, the basic principle is that the axial tension changed by the double-end clamped beam structure in the vibration process is utilized to construct nonlinearity, and the frequency band expansion of the vibration energy collector is realized according to the multivalue of nonlinear resonance and the high-energy branch output of the nonlinearity resonance.
The double-end clamped beam structure can be regarded as a nonlinear spring-mass-damping system (vibration pickup structure), when the energy collector shell vibrates along with a vibration source, the vibration pickup structure generates relative displacement due to phase difference with the shell, and due to the fact that the third nonlinearity of the spring is constructed by axial tension when the double-end clamped beam vibrates, the vibration pickup structure generates nonlinear resonance in a wide range with excitation frequency larger than the frequency nearby the natural frequency, and due to the fact that the multivalue of the nonlinear resonance, the vibration energy collector generates a jumping phenomenon at the resonance frequency.
According to the invention, the vibration pickup beam is designed to be in an asymmetric structure along the axial center line, so that the structure is subjected to bending vibration and torsional vibration, the amplitude is greatly improved, and the output performance (especially the electromagnetic part) of the energy collector is also greatly improved.
Compared with a symmetrical structure, the asymmetrical structure has the advantages that the additional torsional vibration freedom degree is increased, and the amplitude of the asymmetrical structure in the first-order resonance is greatly increased, so that the vibration energy collector with the asymmetrical structure can obtain larger output voltage and power. (Experimental comparison data are suggested)
Therefore, the invention has the advantages that: simple and efficient, has no additional structure or drive, and does not increase the volume of the device. Meanwhile, the asymmetric structure and the piezoelectric sheet attached to the vibration pickup beam do not affect the overall size of the energy collector while improving the output performance of the energy collector, so that the space utilization rate of the device is increased. The invention can expand the frequency band response width of the vibration energy collector without any auxiliary structure, thereby improving the energy acquisition efficiency of the energy collector.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an energy collector configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a vibration pickup configuration of the energy harvester of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a stress diagram of the piezoelectric/electromagnetic composite beam of the present invention, wherein (a) is a front view of the piezoelectric beam, (b) is a bending normal stress, (c) is a tensile normal stress, and (d) is a resultant stress.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a trapezoidal piezoelectric beam structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an energy collector configuration of a symmetric vibration pickup configuration;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an alternative energy collector configuration for an asymmetric vibration pickup configuration;
FIG. 7 is a comparison of experimental results for energy harvesters of three vibration pickup configurations.
In the figure: 1-vibration pickup beam, 2-piezoelectric plate, 3-permanent magnet, 4-coil, 5-shell and 6-screw.
Detailed Description
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures and examples:
referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the asymmetric composite broadband vibration energy collector includes a housing 5, and a pickup beam 1, a piezoelectric sheet 2, a permanent magnet 3, a coil 4, and the like, which are located in the housing.
Wherein, the two ends of the vibration picking beam 1 are clamped between the upper part and the lower part of the shell 5 and are fixed with the shell 5 through screws 6, namely the two ends are fixed on the shell, thus forming a double-end clamped beam structure. The vibration pickup beam 1 is in an asymmetric structure along the axial center line of the vibration pickup beam so as to increase the amplitude of the permanent magnet and improve the output of the electromagnetic part of the energy collector. In this embodiment, the middle suspension portion of the vibration pickup beam 1 is offset to one side of the axial center line of the vibration pickup beam as a whole. The vibration-picking beam can be made of flexible PET material, and can also be made of rigid FR4, iron sheet or copper sheet and the like. The width of the vibration pickup beam is not suitable to be too small, otherwise, the vibration pickup beam is easy to cause the impact of the permanent magnet and the coil due to too large amplitude, thereby influencing the service life of the device.
Referring to fig. 2, a permanent magnet 3 is fixed in the middle of the vibration pickup beam, the permanent magnet 3 is fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the vibration pickup beam, and the coils 4 are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the housing 5, and the upper and lower coils can be connected in series to increase the output voltage of the energy collector. The permanent magnet can be made of a rubidium iron boron material with stronger magnetism. In order to prevent relative sliding between the permanent magnet and the vibration pickup beam, a small amount of double-sided adhesive tape can be used for bonding.
Referring to fig. 2, piezoelectric patches 2 are respectively disposed at positions close to two fixed ends of the vibration pickup beam, one end of each piezoelectric patch 2 is aligned with the fixed end of the vibration pickup beam, and the other end of each piezoelectric patch 2 is spaced from the permanent magnet 3 without being paved on the whole vibration pickup beam, because the bending normal stress applied to the piezoelectric patches may be offset. When in manufacturing, the piezoelectric sheet is adhered to the vibration pickup beam by ultraviolet glue, and the piezoelectric sheet can be made of flexible PVDF material. Meanwhile, the two piezoelectric sheets can be symmetrically arranged, and because the stress borne by the two piezoelectric sheets has the same phase, the two piezoelectric sheets can be directly connected in series or in parallel. The piezoelectric sheet electrode can be led out by adopting conductive silver paste.
Referring to fig. 1, a coil 4 is disposed in a housing 5 at a position corresponding to a permanent magnet 3, so as to form a piezoelectric/electromagnetic combined energy collection structure. When the winding coil is manufactured, in order to improve the output voltage of the electromagnetic part of the energy collector, the winding coil needs to have a smaller wire diameter and a higher filling rate so that the winding coil can obtain more coil turns in a limited volume.
The distance between the coil 4 and the permanent magnet 3 needs to be a proper size, if the distance is too large, the output of the electromagnetic part of the energy collector is too low, and if the distance is too small, the permanent magnet and the coil are easy to collide. Due to the symmetry of the permanent magnet movement, the voltages of the upper and lower coils have diametrically opposite phases and can therefore be connected in series to increase the output voltage of the electromagnetic part of the energy harvester.
In this embodiment, the energy collector case 5 is manufactured according to the vibration pickup structure and the size of the coil, and is used for fixing the vibration pickup beam and the coil, and the case can be made of aluminum alloy, and can also be made of organic glass or other materials.
The invention forms a piezoelectric/electromagnetic combined type energy collecting structure by fixing a permanent magnet 3 in the middle of the vibration picking beam 1, arranging piezoelectric sheets 2 at the positions close to the two ends respectively, and arranging a coil 4 in a shell 5 corresponding to the position of the permanent magnet. When resonance occurs, the double-end clamped beam can be deformed in a bending mode and a stretching mode, so that the piezoelectric sheet attached to the surface of the beam is subjected to positive stress in the bending mode and the stretching mode, the upper electrode and the lower electrode of the piezoelectric sheet can generate charges with opposite positive and negative polarities according to the piezoelectric effect, and then vibration energy is converted into electric energy through the external load. Meanwhile, when resonance occurs, the permanent magnet body attached to the beam and the coil fixed on the shell generate large relative displacement, the two ends of the coil can generate alternating induced electromotive force according to the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, and power can be supplied to the load in a mode of externally connecting the load.
The sectional stress of the piezoelectric beam is shown in fig. 3, when vibration occurs, the piezoelectric beam is subjected to bending deformation, the upper surface is stretched, the lower surface is compressed, or the upper surface is compressed and the lower surface is stretched; meanwhile, the whole vibration pickup beam is elongated during vibration, and thus is subjected to a tensile normal stress, and a resultant stress is shown in (d) of fig. 3.
Of course, the asymmetric structure of the vibration pickup beam in the present invention can also be implemented in other forms, for example, a trapezoidal piezoelectric beam design shown in fig. 4 can be adopted, and the structure can also improve the stress distribution of the piezoelectric layer, so as to improve the output of the piezoelectric part.
In order to verify the improvement effect of the asymmetric vibration-pickup structure provided by the invention on the electromagnetic part output performance of the energy collector, we performed a comparative experiment (without piezoelectric sheets) on the structure of the invention and the energy collectors (fig. 5 and 6) of the other two vibration-pickup structures, and the main parameters of the experiment are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Experimental parameters
The experimental result is shown in fig. 7, and it can be seen that compared with the other two vibration pickup structures, the asymmetric vibration pickup structure provided by the present invention has a higher output voltage, so that the effect of the asymmetric vibration pickup structure provided by the present invention on improving the output performance of the electromagnetic part of the energy collector is experimentally verified, and the maximum output performance of the electromagnetic part of the energy collector can also be improved by further reducing the width of the vibration pickup beam. The asymmetric vibration pickup structure proposed by the present invention has a disadvantage in that the frequency bandwidth of the energy collector is reduced.
In the design of the beam structure, the invention adopts an asymmetric design scheme, and the scheme can greatly improve the amplitude of the vibration pickup beam and further improve the output performance of the energy collector. In the design of electromechanical conversion, a piezoelectric/electromagnetic combined energy collection scheme is adopted, and the output power of the energy collector can be further improved by a design method with the coexistence of two electromechanical conversion modes, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an asymmetric combined type broadband vibration energy collector, includes shell (5) and sets up pick up vibration roof beam (1), piezoelectric patch (2), permanent magnet (3) and coil (4) in the shell, its characterized in that: two ends of the vibration pickup beam (1) are fixed with the shell (5) to form a double-end clamped beam structure; the vibration pickup beam is in an asymmetric structure along the axial center line; the middle position of the vibration picking beam is fixed with a permanent magnet (3), the positions close to the two ends are respectively provided with a piezoelectric sheet, and the position in the shell corresponding to the permanent magnet is provided with a coil (4), so that a piezoelectric/electromagnetic combined type energy collecting structure is formed.
2. The asymmetric composite broadband vibration energy harvester according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnets are fixed on the upper and lower surfaces of the pick-up beam, the coils (4) are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the shell, and the upper and lower coils can be connected in series to increase the output voltage of the energy harvester.
3. The asymmetric composite broadband vibration energy harvester according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric plate has one end aligned with the fixed end of the pick-up beam and the other end spaced from the permanent magnet (3).
4. The asymmetric composite broadband vibration energy collector according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric plates are symmetrically arranged at two ends of the pick-up beam (1) so that the stresses have the same phase and can be directly connected in series or in parallel.
5. The asymmetric composite broadband vibration energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the electrodes of the piezoelectric patch are extracted by conductive silver paste.
6. The asymmetric composite broadband vibration energy harvester of claim 1, wherein the pick-up beam is made of flexible PET material, or rigid FR4, iron sheet or copper sheet.
7. The asymmetric composite broadband vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein the piezoelectric patch is of flexible PVDF material.
8. The asymmetric composite broadband vibration energy harvester of claim 1 wherein the housing is made of aluminum alloy or plexiglass or other material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010039725.7A CN111130387A (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Asymmetric combined type broadband vibration energy collector |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010039725.7A CN111130387A (en) | 2020-01-15 | 2020-01-15 | Asymmetric combined type broadband vibration energy collector |
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| CN111130387A true CN111130387A (en) | 2020-05-08 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111564945A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-08-21 | 河南工业大学 | Combined type vibration energy collector |
| CN113890300A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-01-04 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Wide range vibration energy harvester based on asymmetric-biplane springs |
| CN117350135A (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-01-05 | 华东交通大学 | Frequency band expanding method and system of hybrid energy collector |
| WO2024082335A1 (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2024-04-25 | 苏州大学 | Arrayed electromagnetic-friction composite vibration energy collection device |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101141093A (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2008-03-12 | 上海交通大学 | Minisize electromagnetic low-frequency vibration energy collecting device |
| CN207074963U (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2018-03-06 | 郑飞 | A kind of sole de minimis energy collector for being applied to collection human motion energy |
-
2020
- 2020-01-15 CN CN202010039725.7A patent/CN111130387A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101141093A (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2008-03-12 | 上海交通大学 | Minisize electromagnetic low-frequency vibration energy collecting device |
| CN207074963U (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2018-03-06 | 郑飞 | A kind of sole de minimis energy collector for being applied to collection human motion energy |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111564945A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-08-21 | 河南工业大学 | Combined type vibration energy collector |
| CN111564945B (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2022-08-02 | 河南工业大学 | Combined type vibration energy collector |
| CN113890300A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-01-04 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Wide range vibration energy harvester based on asymmetric-biplane springs |
| CN113890300B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2023-06-16 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Wide range vibration energy harvester based on asymmetric-biplane springs |
| WO2024082335A1 (en) * | 2022-10-19 | 2024-04-25 | 苏州大学 | Arrayed electromagnetic-friction composite vibration energy collection device |
| CN117350135A (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-01-05 | 华东交通大学 | Frequency band expanding method and system of hybrid energy collector |
| CN117350135B (en) * | 2023-12-04 | 2024-03-08 | 华东交通大学 | Frequency band expanding method and system of hybrid energy collector |
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