CN111129653A - Liquid cooling assisted phase-change material heat exchange battery thermal management system - Google Patents
Liquid cooling assisted phase-change material heat exchange battery thermal management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111129653A CN111129653A CN202010045277.1A CN202010045277A CN111129653A CN 111129653 A CN111129653 A CN 111129653A CN 202010045277 A CN202010045277 A CN 202010045277A CN 111129653 A CN111129653 A CN 111129653A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery heat management system, which comprises a liquid cooling auxiliary system and a battery heat management module which are connected through a liquid cooling heat exchanger, wherein the battery heat management module is composed of a module shell, a battery module and the liquid cooling heat exchanger, the module shell is a closed vacuum container which is formed through a forming process, the phase change material is filled in the closed vacuum container, and the battery module is left at the lower part of the closed vacuum container and is embedded into a concave channel or an electrode opening; the battery module is arranged in an external concave channel of the module shell to form indirect contact heat exchange of two side surfaces and a top surface, or is arranged in the module shell to form a full external surface soaking heat exchange structure of the battery module; the liquid cooling heat exchanger is arranged at the upper part of the module shell, and two ends of the liquid cooling heat exchanger are connected with the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the module shell; the phase change material is a low boiling point phase change material. The invention utilizes the evaporation and condensation principle of the phase-change material to exchange heat, completely adapts to the high-load working condition, ensures the temperature uniformity of the battery, reduces the energy consumption and has good phase-change heat storage effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of battery thermal management of battery automobiles, and particularly relates to a liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery thermal management system.
Background
With the rapid development of power batteries, it is one of the important development directions of power batteries to increase the battery power, realize rapid charging and improve the endurance. Meanwhile, the running working condition of the automobile is complex and changeable, and the capacity, the service life and the safety of the battery can be greatly influenced by overhigh temperature and overlow temperature of the battery. Therefore, the method has important significance in thermal management of the battery of the electric automobile.
In recent years, with the increase in energy density and load of batteries, BTMS has been using powerful cooling systems, mostly liquid cooling circuits with a large number of microchannels. However, such a system has disadvantages of increased complexity of the system and increased power consumption of the compressor. One way to alleviate these disadvantages is a phase change material cooling system, where heat is generated in the battery as it is charged or discharged, and this heat is transferred to the phase change material. The phase change material absorbs sensible heat first, then absorbs a large amount of latent heat until the end of the phase change process at a constant temperature, and eventually reaches a melting point as the temperature gradually increases. This means that it can cope with a severe thermal load of the battery without an abnormal temperature rise and significant temperature unevenness. However, when only the phase change material is used as the BTMS, it is difficult to continue cooling the battery if the phase change material is completely melted due to hot weather or continuous charge/discharge cycles of the battery. Therefore, an additional cooling system for dissipating the heat of the phase change material to the outside is important.
The purpose of reducing the working temperature of the battery is achieved by absorbing the heat generated by the battery through the gasification of the existing low-boiling-point phase-change material, and the existing low-boiling-point phase-change material has a good cooling effect of reducing the temperature of the battery, but also has some problems: the existing device for heat management of the battery adopting the low-boiling-point phase-change material is rarely provided with a gaseous phase-change material recovery device, so that resources are wasted, and the cost and the environmental pollution are increased; the unpowered drainage phase-change material is an important advantage of the current low-boiling-point phase-change material, but the ascending pipe adopted by the unpowered drainage is in line contact with the battery pack, so that the heat transfer area is limited; gaseous phase change materials are condensed at the air cooling cold plate at the top, and the heat dissipation effect is poor due to the limited backflow mode and confluence area.
Besides, the heat of the phase-change material needs to be dissipated to an external additional cooling system, the external additional cooling system is mostly air-cooled, the operation working conditions of the electric automobile are complicated and changeable, the phase-change material is cooled by singly relying on air cooling, and the operation working conditions of the electric automobile with high heat load cannot be met, so that the phase-change material battery thermal management system cannot be applied to an actual complicated and changeable battery management system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a liquid cooling assisted phase-change material heat exchange battery heat management system which can completely adapt to a high-load working condition, ensure the temperature uniformity of a battery, reduce energy consumption and have a good phase-change heat storage effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery heat management system comprises a liquid cooling auxiliary system and a battery heat management module, wherein the battery heat management module is composed of a module shell, a battery module and a liquid cooling heat exchanger;
the module shell is a closed vacuum container formed by a forming process, phase-change materials are filled in the module shell, a plurality of battery modules are left at the lower part of the module shell and are embedded into the concave channels, or a plurality of electrode openings are left on the front surface and the rear surface of the lower part of the module shell correspondingly;
the battery module formed by coating polymer insulating films on the surfaces of a plurality of battery units is arranged in an external concave channel of a module shell to form indirect contact heat exchange of two side surfaces and a top surface, or is arranged in the module shell to form a full-external-surface soaking heat exchange structure of the battery module;
the liquid cooling heat exchanger is arranged at the upper part of the module shell, and two ends of the liquid cooling heat exchanger are connected with the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the module shell;
the phase-change material is a low-boiling-point phase-change material, and the phase-change temperature is within the optimal working temperature range of the battery.
The lower part of the module shell is of a closed structure with a plurality of battery module embedding concave channels, the size of the battery module embedding concave channels is matched with that of the battery modules, the battery modules are embedded into the battery module embedding concave channels to enable the side surfaces and the top surfaces of the battery modules to be in close contact with the module shell for heat exchange, and the contact surfaces are filled with heat conduction adhesives with high heat conductivity coefficients.
The front surface and the rear surface of the lower part of the module shell are oppositely provided with a plurality of electrode openings, the number of the electrode openings is consistent with that of the electrodes of the battery modules, the battery modules are soaked in the phase change material of the module shell, and the electrodes are led out from the electrode openings and are sealed with the electrode openings.
And sewage outlets are arranged at the bottom positions of the front corner, the rear corner, the left corner and the right corner of the module shell.
The liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are oppositely arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the module shell or at two ends of the same side surface, and are separated from the top end by one fourth to one fifth, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are connected with external circulating cooling liquid.
The top of the module shell is provided with an air extractor which is connected with a vacuum pump in an embedded manner through an air outlet pipe.
The module comprises a module shell, a phase-change material supply tank, a solenoid valve, a liquid level meter and a liquid level meter, wherein the phase-change material supply tank is installed at the top of the module shell, the phase-change material supply tank is connected with the module shell through the solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is connected with the liquid level meter through signals, and the liquid level meter is installed on the side face of the module.
And a gravity type safety valve is arranged at the top of the module shell.
The liquid cooling heat exchanger is a tube bundle made of high-thermal-conductivity materials, and is of a condensation heat exchanger structure consisting of an in-line or staggered snake-shaped tube bundle, a U-shaped tube bundle or a straight tube bundle, wherein the heat exchange tube bundle is processed into various surface shapes for strengthening condensation so as to reduce the area and the volume of the heat exchanger.
The liquid cooling auxiliary system comprises a heat dissipation heat exchanger, a fan, a water tank and a circulating pump, wherein a liquid outlet of the battery heat management module is connected with an inlet pipeline of the heat dissipation heat exchanger, an outlet of the heat dissipation heat exchanger is connected with an inlet pipeline of the water tank, the fan dissipates heat of the heat dissipation heat exchanger, an outlet of the water tank is connected with an inlet of the circulating pump, and an outlet of the circulating pump is connected with an inlet of the battery heat management module.
The battery module and the low-boiling-point phase-change material are indirectly contacted or directly soaked in the low-boiling-point liquid phase-change material, the heat of the battery is absorbed by virtue of the gasification of the phase-change material, the gasified phase-change material rises to the surface of the liquid-cooled heat exchanger to be condensed, and flows back to the battery module area under the action of gravity to continuously participate in the circulation of cooling the battery module. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a heat pipe system for dissipating heat of a battery by utilizing evaporation and condensation of a phase-change material, which comprises the following steps: the heat pipe system can fully and effectively reduce the temperature of the battery pack and ensure the consistency of the longitudinal temperature of the battery by utilizing the phase change latent heat of the phase change material.
2. The liquid cooling heat exchanger can take away more heat of the phase change material compared with air cooling.
3. The unpowered drainage structure can effectively reduce the extra power consumption of the electric automobile.
4. The phase change working medium has good heat storage effect: when the battery is stopped, a phase change working medium releases a large amount of latent heat in the condensation process, and the temperature of the battery is kept in the working temperature range.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a battery thermal management system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal management module.
Fig. 3a is a cross-sectional view of a battery thermal management module according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3b is a cross-sectional view of a battery thermal management module according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4a is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a liquid-cooled heat exchanger.
FIG. 4b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a liquid cooled heat exchanger in a staggered configuration.
FIG. 5a is a schematic view of a serpentine circuit configuration.
FIG. 5b is a schematic view of a straight tube bundle configuration.
Figure 5c is a schematic view of a U-tube bundle configuration.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of the liquid cooling assistance system.
In the figure, 1, a battery thermal management module, 2, a liquid cooling auxiliary system, 21, a heat dissipation heat exchanger, 22, a fan, 23, a water tank, 24, a circulating pump, 11, a battery module, 12, a module shell, 13, a liquid cooling heat exchanger, 121, a sewage outlet, 122, a liquid level meter, 123, a liquid inlet, 124, a liquid outlet, 125, an air extractor, 126, a phase change material supply tank and 127 are gravity safety valves.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
for the battery thermal management module, the following two different preferred schemes exist:
the first preferred scheme is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery thermal management system includes a liquid cooling auxiliary system 2 and a battery thermal management module 1, where the liquid cooling auxiliary system 2 is connected to the battery thermal management module 1 through a liquid cooling heat exchanger 13; the battery thermal management module 1 comprises a module shell 12, a battery module 11 and a liquid cooling heat exchanger 13, wherein the module shell 12 is a closed vacuum container formed by a forming process, phase-change materials are filled in the closed vacuum container, and a battery module embedding concave channel is reserved at the lower part of the closed vacuum container; the battery module 11 formed by coating polymer insulating films on the surfaces of a plurality of battery units is arranged in an external concave channel of the module shell 12 to form indirect contact heat exchange of two side surfaces and a top surface; the liquid cooling heat exchanger 13 is arranged at the upper part of the module shell 12, and two ends of the liquid cooling heat exchanger are connected with the liquid inlet 123 and the liquid outlet 124 of the module shell 12; the phase-change material is a low-boiling-point phase-change material, and the phase-change temperature is within the optimal working temperature range of the battery. When the ambient temperature is reduced, the phase-change material can play a role in heat storage and heat preservation, and when the temperature of the battery is too high, the phase-change material is subjected to violent phase change to cool the battery pack.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3a, the lower portion of the module housing 12 is a sealed structure with a plurality of battery module embedding recessed channels, the size of the battery module embedding recessed channels matches with that of the battery module 11, the battery module 11 is embedded in the battery module embedding recessed channels, so that the side surfaces and the top surface of the battery module 11 are in close contact with the module housing 12 for heat exchange, and the contact surfaces are filled with a heat-conducting adhesive with a high heat conductivity coefficient. The thermally conductive adhesive functions to fix the battery module 11 and to increase the contact area of the battery module 11 and the module case 12. The heat-conducting adhesive comprises common insulating and non-insulating heat-conducting adhesives, and various levels of nano-scale and micron-scale metal particles or powder such as nano-copper powder and the like or various levels of non-metal high heat-conducting particles or powder such as nano-scale and micron-scale and the like such as nano-tubes, graphite and the like are added into the heat-conducting adhesives to prepare the heat-conducting adhesive with high heat-conducting coefficient. The heat of the battery module 11 is transferred to the module case 12 and then to the phase change material. The bottom positions of the front, rear, left and right corners of the module housing 12 are provided with sewage outlets 121. The liquid inlet 123 and the liquid outlet 124 may be disposed on two opposite sides of the module housing 12 or disposed at two ends of the same side, and are located at a distance of one fourth to one fifth from the top end. When the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 13 employs a straight tube bundle or a serpentine tube bundle, the liquid inlet 123 and the liquid outlet 124 may be disposed on two opposite sides of the module housing 12; when the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 13 employs a U-shaped tube bundle, the liquid inlet 123 and the liquid outlet 124 may be disposed on the same side of the module case 12. The inlet 123 and the outlet 124 are disposed approximately one quarter of the distance from the top end to prevent direct contact with the liquid phase change material and thereby reduce the cooling effect, the inlet 123 and the outlet 124 being connected to an externally circulated cooling fluid which enters the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 13 through the inlet 123 to condense the gaseous phase change material. The top of the module housing 12 is provided with an air extractor 125, when the non-condensed gas exists in the module housing 12 with a vacuum sealing structure, the normal operation of the whole heat pipe system can be affected, the air extractor 125 is needed to ensure that the inside of the whole module housing 12 is in a vacuum state, and the air extractor 125 is embedded and connected with a vacuum pump through an air outlet pipe. Phase change material supply tank 126 is installed at the top of module shell 12, phase change material supply tank 126 is connected through the solenoid valve between 12 and the module shell, and the solenoid valve links to each other with level gauge 122 signal, level gauge 122 is installed in the side of module shell 12, and in phase change material cycle working process, there is a large amount of mass loss, consequently need detect the liquid level height of phase change material in module shell 12 with level gauge 122 constantly, when showing among the level gauge 122 that the liquid level is low in the battery thermal management module 1, the passageway between phase change material supply tank 126 and the module shell 12 is opened to the solenoid valve, supplements low boiling point phase change material in module shell 12. The gravity type safety valve 127 is arranged at the top of the module shell 12, when the temperature of the battery is too high, and the pressure in the battery heat management module 1 in the closed structure is too high due to the fact that a large amount of phase change materials are gasified, a gravity block in the gravity type safety valve 127 can be jacked up, the gravity type safety valve 127 is opened, the gravity type safety valve 127 is a mechanical device, and can be quickly opened when an unconventional situation occurs, the mechanical opening effect is stable, and the safe operation of the heat management device is guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 13 is a tube bundle made of a material with high thermal conductivity, and has a condensing heat exchanger structure formed by a serpentine tube bundle, a U-shaped tube bundle or a straight tube bundle which are arranged in sequence or staggered, wherein the heat exchanger bundle can be processed into various surface shapes for enhancing condensation, so as to reduce the area and volume of the heat exchanger. In order to enhance heat exchange, a small-diameter heat exchange tube bundle can be adopted, and the tube spacing and arrangement mode are reasonably arranged to improve the heat exchange; the pipe with a novel structure, such as a cross-corrugated pipe, a spiral groove pipe, a spiral flat pipe and the like, can be adopted to enhance the condensation heat transfer inside and outside the pipe; fins can be externally connected to the heat exchange tube bundle, and the shape of the fins can be T-shaped, rectangular, spiral and the like; tube inserts may also be employed to enhance the degree of internal fluid turbulence.
The connection electrode of the battery module in the first preferred embodiment does not need to penetrate through the wall surface of the closed vacuum vessel, the closed vacuum vessel is easy to seal and ensures stable maintenance of the vacuum state, the electrode connection is very convenient, and the battery module is easy to assemble and maintain.
The preferred scheme II is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery heat pipe system is characterized by comprising a liquid cooling auxiliary system 2 and a battery heat management module 1, wherein the liquid cooling auxiliary system 2 is connected with the battery heat management module 1 through a liquid cooling heat exchanger 13; the battery thermal management module 1 comprises a module shell 12, a battery module 11 and a liquid cooling heat exchanger 13, wherein the module shell 12 is a closed vacuum container formed by a forming process, phase-change materials are filled in the closed vacuum container, and an electrode opening is reserved at the lower part of the closed vacuum container; the battery module 11 formed by coating polymer insulating films on the surfaces of a plurality of battery units is arranged inside the module shell 12 to form a soaking heat exchange structure on the whole outer surface of the battery module 11; the liquid cooling heat exchanger 13 is arranged at the upper part of the module shell 12, and two ends of the liquid cooling heat exchanger are connected with the liquid inlet 123 and the liquid outlet 124 of the module shell 12; the phase-change material is a low-boiling-point phase-change material, and the phase-change temperature is within the optimal working temperature range of the battery. When the ambient temperature is reduced, the phase-change material can play a role in heat storage and heat preservation, and when the temperature of the battery is too high, the phase-change material is subjected to violent phase change to cool the battery pack.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3b, a plurality of electrode openings are formed at the front and rear surfaces of the lower portion of the module case 12, the number of the electrode openings is equal to the number of the electrodes of the battery modules 11, the battery modules 11 are immersed in the phase change material of the module case 12, and the electrodes are led out from the electrode openings and sealed with the electrode openings. The bottom positions of the front, rear, left and right corners of the module housing 12 are provided with sewage outlets 121. The liquid inlet 123 and the liquid outlet 124 may be disposed on two opposite sides of the module housing 12 or disposed on two ends of the same side, which is about a quarter of the distance from the top end. When the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 13 employs a straight tube bundle or a serpentine tube bundle, the liquid inlet 123 and the liquid outlet 124 may be disposed on two opposite sides of the module housing 12; when the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 13 employs a U-shaped tube bundle, the liquid inlet 123 and the liquid outlet 124 may be disposed on the same side of the module case 12. The liquid inlet 123 and the liquid outlet 124 are arranged at a distance of one fourth to one fifth from the top end to prevent direct contact with the liquid phase change material, thereby reducing the cooling effect, and the liquid inlet 123 and the liquid outlet 124 are connected with an externally circulated cooling liquid which enters the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 13 through the liquid inlet 123 to condense the gaseous phase change material. The top of the module housing 12 is provided with an air extractor 125, when the non-condensed gas exists in the module housing 12 with a vacuum sealing structure, the normal operation of the whole heat pipe system can be affected, the air extractor 125 is needed to ensure that the inside of the whole module housing 12 is in a vacuum state, and the air extractor 125 is embedded and connected with a vacuum pump through an air outlet pipe. Phase change material supply tank 126 is installed at the top of module shell 12, phase change material supply tank 126 is connected through the solenoid valve between 12 and the module shell, and the solenoid valve links to each other with level gauge 122 signal, level gauge 122 is installed in the side of module shell 12, and in phase change material cycle working process, there is a large amount of mass loss, consequently need detect the liquid level height of phase change material in module shell 12 with level gauge 122 constantly, when showing among the level gauge 122 that the liquid level is low in the battery thermal management module 1, the passageway between phase change material supply tank 126 and the module shell 12 is opened to the solenoid valve, supplements low boiling point phase change material in module shell 12. The gravity type safety valve 127 is arranged at the top of the module shell 12, when the temperature of the battery is too high, and the pressure in the battery heat management module 1 in the closed structure is too high due to the fact that a large amount of phase change materials are gasified, a gravity block in the gravity type safety valve 127 can be jacked up, the gravity type safety valve 127 is opened, the gravity type safety valve 127 is a mechanical device, and can be quickly opened when an unconventional situation occurs, the mechanical opening effect is stable, and the safe operation of the heat management device is guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the liquid-cooled heat exchanger 13 is a tube bundle made of a material with high thermal conductivity, and has a condensing heat exchanger structure formed by a serpentine tube bundle, a U-shaped tube bundle or a straight tube bundle which are arranged in sequence or staggered, wherein the heat exchanger bundle can be processed into various surface shapes for enhancing condensation, so as to reduce the area and volume of the heat exchanger. In order to enhance heat exchange, a small-diameter heat exchange tube bundle can be adopted, and the tube spacing and arrangement mode are reasonably arranged to improve the heat exchange; the pipe with a novel structure, such as a cross-corrugated pipe, a spiral groove pipe, a spiral flat pipe and the like, can be adopted to enhance the condensation heat transfer inside and outside the pipe; fins can be externally connected to the heat exchange tube bundle, and the shape of the fins can be T-shaped, rectangular, spiral and the like; tube inserts may also be employed to enhance the degree of internal fluid turbulence.
In the second preferred scheme, all planes of the battery module are directly soaked in the phase change material, so that the cooling effect is better than that of the first preferred scheme, but the scheme needs to carefully design a sealing structure for connecting the battery module with the electrode and the module shell so as to ensure the vacuum stability.
This battery thermal management module is the heat pipe system that utilizes phase change material's evaporation condensation to dispel the heat to the battery, and this heat pipe system's theory of operation does: the battery module is indirectly contacted with the low-boiling-point phase-change material or directly soaked in the low-boiling-point liquid phase-change material, the heat of the battery is absorbed by virtue of the gasification of the phase-change material, the gasified phase-change material rises to the surface of the liquid cooling tube bundle to be condensed, and flows back to the battery module area under the action of gravity to continuously participate in the circulation of cooling the battery module.
The preferred scheme of two kinds of different battery thermal management modules all adopts the liquid cooling auxiliary system of the same heat transfer principle:
as shown in fig. 6, the liquid cooling auxiliary system 2 includes a heat dissipation heat exchanger 21, a fan 22, a water tank 23, and a circulation pump 24, the liquid outlet 124 of the battery heat management module 1 is connected to an inlet pipeline of the heat dissipation heat exchanger 21, an outlet of the heat dissipation heat exchanger 21 is connected to an inlet pipeline of the water tank 23, the fan 22 dissipates heat from the heat dissipation heat exchanger 21, except that the fan 22 is used to perform forced air-cooling heat dissipation on the heat dissipation heat exchanger 21, the heat of the heat dissipation heat exchanger 21 can also be taken away by using a refrigerant of an air-conditioning heat pump as required, an outlet of the water tank 23 is connected to an inlet of the circulation pump 24, and an outlet of the circulation.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a battery thermal management system of supplementary phase change material heat transfer of liquid cooling which characterized in that: the battery heat management system comprises a liquid cooling auxiliary system and a battery heat management module, wherein the battery heat management module consists of a module shell, a battery module and a liquid cooling heat exchanger;
the module shell is a closed vacuum container formed by a forming process, phase-change materials are filled in the module shell, a plurality of battery modules are left at the lower part of the module shell and are embedded into the concave channels, or a plurality of electrode openings are left on the front surface and the rear surface of the lower part of the module shell correspondingly;
the battery module formed by coating polymer insulating films on the surfaces of a plurality of battery units is arranged in an external concave channel of a module shell to form indirect contact heat exchange of two side surfaces and a top surface, or is arranged in the module shell to form a full-external-surface soaking heat exchange structure of the battery module;
the liquid cooling heat exchanger is arranged at the upper part of the module shell, and two ends of the liquid cooling heat exchanger are connected with the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet of the module shell;
the phase-change material is a low-boiling-point phase-change material, and the phase-change temperature is within the optimal working temperature range of the battery.
2. The liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the lower part of the module shell is of a closed structure with a plurality of battery module embedding concave channels, the size of the battery module embedding concave channels is matched with that of the battery modules, the battery modules are embedded into the battery module embedding concave channels to enable the side surfaces and the top surfaces of the battery modules to be in close contact with the module shell for heat exchange, and the contact surfaces are filled with heat conduction adhesives with high heat conductivity coefficients.
3. The liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the front surface and the rear surface of the lower part of the module shell are oppositely provided with a plurality of electrode openings, the number of the electrode openings is consistent with that of the electrodes of the battery modules, the battery modules are soaked in the phase change material of the module shell, and the electrodes are led out from the electrode openings and are sealed with the electrode openings.
4. The liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: and sewage outlets are arranged at the bottom positions of the front corner, the rear corner, the left corner and the right corner of the module shell.
5. The liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are oppositely arranged on two opposite side surfaces of the module shell or at two ends of the same side surface, and are separated from the top end by one fourth to one fifth, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are connected with external circulating cooling liquid.
6. The liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the top of the module shell is provided with an air extractor which is connected with a vacuum pump in an embedded manner through an air outlet pipe.
7. The liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the module comprises a module shell, a phase-change material supply tank, a solenoid valve, a liquid level meter and a liquid level meter, wherein the phase-change material supply tank is installed at the top of the module shell, the phase-change material supply tank is connected with the module shell through the solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is connected with the liquid level meter through signals, and the liquid level meter is installed on the side face of the module.
8. The liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: and a gravity type safety valve is arranged at the top of the module shell.
9. The liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the liquid cooling heat exchanger is a tube bundle made of high-thermal-conductivity materials, and is of a condensation heat exchanger structure consisting of an in-line or staggered snake-shaped tube bundle, a U-shaped tube bundle or a straight tube bundle, wherein the heat exchange tube bundle is processed into various surface shapes for strengthening condensation so as to reduce the area and the volume of the heat exchanger.
10. The liquid cooling assisted phase change material heat exchange battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the liquid cooling auxiliary system comprises a heat dissipation heat exchanger, a fan, a water tank and a circulating pump, wherein a liquid outlet of the battery heat management module is connected with an inlet pipeline of the heat dissipation heat exchanger, an outlet of the heat dissipation heat exchanger is connected with an inlet pipeline of the water tank, the fan dissipates heat of the heat dissipation heat exchanger, an outlet of the water tank is connected with an inlet of the circulating pump, and an outlet of the circulating pump is connected with an inlet of the battery heat management module.
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