CN111129586A - High-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery - Google Patents
High-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111129586A CN111129586A CN201911325582.XA CN201911325582A CN111129586A CN 111129586 A CN111129586 A CN 111129586A CN 201911325582 A CN201911325582 A CN 201911325582A CN 111129586 A CN111129586 A CN 111129586A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-voltage lithium cobaltate lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte, which comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt and an additive, wherein the additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass in the electrolyte: 0.5-1.0% of isocyanate additive and 0.5-20% of other additives. The invention also discloses a high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery. The isocyanate additive in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery can form a film on the positive electrode, inhibit the positive electrode material from being corroded by hydrofluoric acid in the electrolyte, inhibit the positive electrode material structure from collapsing and cobalt ions from dissolving out caused by the hydrofluoric acid, and improve the electrochemical performance of the high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a high-voltage lithium cobaltate lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and a lithium ion battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high working voltage, high energy density, long service life, wide working temperature range, environmental friendliness and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of 3C digital products, electric tools, electric automobiles, aerospace and the like. With the demand for batteries becoming higher and higher, the development trend of batteries is light, thin and high energy density, especially for 3C digital products, such as mobile phone batteries, tablet computers and camera devices.
In order to increase the energy density of a lithium ion battery, a common measure is to increase the charge cut-off voltage of a positive electrode material, such as a commercial lithium cobalt oxide battery voltage from 4.2V → 4.35V → 4.4V → 4.45V → 4.48V → 4.5V. However, the positive electrode material has certain defects under high voltage, for example, the high-voltage positive electrode active material has strong oxidizability in a lithium-deficient state, and the electrolyte is easily oxidized and decomposed to generate a large amount of gas and heat; in addition, the high-voltage positive electrode active material itself is also unstable in a lithium-deficient state, and is prone to some side reactions, such as oxygen release, transition metal ion elution, and the like.
Chinese patent CN109755636A discloses a high-temperature high-pressure safety lithium ion battery electrolyte and a lithium ion battery, wherein the lithium ion battery electrolyte comprises lithium salt, a non-aqueous organic solvent and an additive, and the additive comprises an isocyanate additive, a film-forming additive and a fluoro-flame retardant additive. The lithium ion battery electrolyte can form a stable SEI film on the surface of an electrode material by adding the first type of isocyanate additive and the second type of film forming additive, so that the lithium ion battery electrolyte is beneficial to ion conduction and can inhibit the decomposition of the electrolyte; and by adding a third type of fluorinated flame retardant, F atoms can form a film on an electrode interface, and the intermolecular force can be reduced, the viscosity of the electrolyte can be reduced, and the conductivity of the electrolyte can be improved. The components have synergistic effect, so that the battery has good high-temperature storage performance, normal-temperature cycle performance and high-temperature cycle performance under high voltage, and has no potential safety hazard. The defect is that the additive can not be oxidized at the interface of the lithium cobaltate material of the positive electrode to form a passive film.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the background technology, the invention provides the high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and the lithium ion battery, wherein the additive in the high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte can form a film on the positive electrode, inhibit the corrosion of the positive electrode material by hydrofluoric acid in the electrolyte, inhibit the collapse of the positive electrode material structure and the dissolution of cobalt ions caused by the hydrofluoric acid, and improve the electrochemical performance of the high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent, electrolyte lithium salt and an additive, wherein the additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass in the electrolyte:
0.5 to 1.0 percent of isocyanate additive
0.5 to 20 percent of other additives
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the isocyanate additive has a structural formula shown in formula (I) or formula (II):
wherein R, R2,R3It is an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, a phenyl group or an aryl group.
The isocyanate additive is more preferably at least one of 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, vinyl isocyanate, isopropyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, p-benzyl isocyanate and ethyl isocyanate. Their structural formulae are shown below:
as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte lithium salt is a mixture of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorosulfonimide and lithium difluorophosphate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the electrolyte lithium salt is contained in the electrolyte in an amount of 13.5 to 17.5% by mass.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the other additive is one or more of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1,3, 6-Hexanetricarbonitrile (HTCN), 1, 3-Propanesultone (PS), Adiponitrile (ADN), vinyl sulfate (DTD), Succinonitrile (SN), 1, 2-bis (cyanoethoxy) ethane (done). More preferably, the other additive is a mixture of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1, 3-Propane Sultone (PS), Adiponitrile (ADN), 1, 2-bis (cyanoethoxy) ethane (DENE).
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the non-aqueous organic solvent may be one or a mixture of more of cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, and carboxylic acid esters. The non-aqueous organic solvent is preferably one or more of Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, Ethyl Propionate (EP) and Propyl Propionate (PP). The non-aqueous organic solvent is more preferably a mixture of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate and propyl propionate.
The invention also provides a high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery which comprises a battery core formed by laminating or winding the positive plate, the isolating membrane and the negative plate and the high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery electrolyte.
Preferably, the positive active material of the positive plate is a lithium cobaltate active material, and the compaction density of the positive plate is 4.0-4.2 g/cm3。
Preferably, the negative active material of the negative electrode sheet is artificial graphite, natural graphite, or SiOwThe silicon-carbon composite material is compounded with graphite, wherein w is more than 1 and less than 2, and the compaction density of the negative plate is 1.5-1.70 g/cm3。
The inventor finds out through a large number of experiments that the isocyanate additive can not be reduced to form a film on the graphite interface of the negative electrode, but is oxidized to form a passivation film on the lithium cobaltate material interface of the positive electrode, so that the electrochemical performance of the lithium cobaltate high-voltage battery is improved. Therefore, the additive in the non-aqueous electrolyte of the high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery can form a film on the positive electrode, inhibit the positive electrode material from being corroded by hydrofluoric acid in the electrolyte, inhibit the positive electrode material structure from collapsing and cobalt ions from dissolving out caused by the hydrofluoric acid, and improve the electrochemical performance of the high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the isocyanate additive in the high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery electrolyte can form a film on a positive electrode, inhibit the positive electrode material from being corroded by hydrofluoric acid in the electrolyte and inhibit the positive electrode material structure from collapsing and cobalt ions from dissolving out caused by the hydrofluoric acid.
2. The invention improves the infiltration difficulty in a high-voltage cobalt acid lithium battery system by optimizing the combination and proportion of the solvent, and further improves the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion battery by introducing the mixed lithium salt.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It is to be understood that the following description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention
The isocyanate-based additives of the examples are characterized by the following structural formula:
the compound (1) is 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate,
the compound (2) is vinyl isocyanate,
the compound (3) is isopropyl isocyanate,
the compound (4) is cyclohexyl methyl isocyanate,
the compound (5) is p-phenylmethyl isocyanate,
the compound (6) is ethyl isocyanate
Their structural formulae are shown below:
example 1
Preparing an electrolyte: in a glove box filled with argon, Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), Ethyl Propionate (EP) and Propyl Propionate (PP) were mixed in a mass ratio of EC: PC: DEC: EP: PP 20: 10: 20: 20: 30 to obtain a mixed solution, and then slowly adding the mixed solutionInto LiPF6LiFeSi and LiPO2F2The mixed lithium salt of the composition was dissolved to prepare a solution containing the mixed lithium salt, and then compound (1) was added to the solution containing the mixed lithium salt, followed by addition of FEC, PS, ADN, and done, and stirring was performed to completely dissolve them, thereby obtaining an electrolyte of example 1. The mass percent of the mixed lithium salt in the electrolyte is 15.5%, the mass percent of the compound (1) in the electrolyte is 1.0%, the mass percent of the FEC in the electrolyte is 8%, the mass percent of the PS in the electrolyte is 5%, the mass percent of the ADN in the electrolyte is 2%, and the mass percent of the DENE in the electrolyte is 1%. The electrolyte formulation is shown in table 1.
Examples 2 to 10
Examples 2-10 are also specific examples of electrolyte preparation, and the parameters and preparation method are the same as example 1 except for the parameters in Table 1. The electrolyte formulation is shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
In comparative example 1, the parameters and preparation method were the same as in example 1 except for the parameters shown in Table 1. The electrolyte formulation is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 composition ratios of respective components of electrolytes of examples 1 to 10 and comparative example 1
Note: the concentration of the lithium salt is the mass percentage content in the electrolyte;
the content of the isocyanate additive is the mass percentage content in the electrolyte;
the content of each component in other additives is the mass percentage content in the electrolyte;
the proportion of each component in the non-aqueous organic solvent is volume ratio.
Lithium ion battery performance testing
Preparing a lithium ion battery:
mixing a positive electrode active material lithium cobaltate, a conductive agent acetylene black and a binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) according to a mass ratio of 96.5: 3: 1.5 fully stirring and uniformly mixing in an N-methyl pyrrolidone solvent system, coating on an aluminum foil, drying, and cold pressing to obtain the positive plate.
Preparing negative active material artificial graphite, conductive agent acetylene black, binder Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR), and thickener carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) according to a mass ratio of 96: 2: 1: 1, fully stirring and uniformly mixing in a deionized water solvent system, coating on a copper foil, drying, and cold pressing to obtain the negative plate.
Polyethylene (PE) is used as a base film, and a nano aluminum oxide coating is coated on the base film to be used as an isolating film.
And sequentially laminating the positive plate, the isolating membrane and the negative plate, winding the positive plate, the isolating membrane and the negative plate along the same direction to obtain a bare cell, placing the bare cell in an outer package, injecting the electrolyte prepared in the examples 1-10 and the comparative example 1, and carrying out the procedures of packaging, shelving at 45 ℃, high-temperature clamp formation, secondary packaging, capacity grading and the like to obtain the high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery.
The following performance tests were performed on the batteries of examples 1-10 and comparative example 1, respectively, and the test results are shown in table 2, wherein:
1) and (3) testing the normal-temperature cycle performance of the cobalt acid lithium battery: and at the temperature of 25 ℃, charging the battery with the capacity divided to 4.45V at a constant current and a constant voltage of 0.7C, stopping the current at 0.02C, then discharging the battery to 3.0V at a constant current of 0.7C, and circulating the battery according to the above steps, and calculating the capacity retention rate of 500 cycles after 500 cycles of charging/discharging. The calculation formula is as follows:
the 500 th cycle capacity retention ratio (%) (500 th cycle discharge capacity/first cycle discharge capacity) × 100%.
2) Testing the residual rate of the 85 ℃ constant-temperature storage capacity of the lithium cobaltate battery: firstly, the battery is circularly charged and discharged for 1 time (4.45V-3.0V) at the normal temperature at 0.7C, and the discharge capacity C before the battery is stored is recorded0Then the battery is charged to a full state of 4.45V at constant current and constant voltage, and then the battery is put into a thermostat with the temperature of 85 ℃ for storage for 4hTaking out the battery after the storage is finished; after the battery is cooled for 24 hours at room temperature, the battery is discharged to 3.0V at a constant current of 0.7C again, and the discharge capacity C after the battery is stored is recorded1And calculating the capacity residual rate of the battery after being stored for 4 hours at the constant temperature of 85 ℃, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
after being stored for 4 hours at constant temperature of 85 ℃, the capacity residual rate is C1/C0*100%。
3) And (3) testing 45 ℃ cycle performance of the lithium cobaltate battery: and (3) at the temperature of 45 ℃, charging the battery with the capacity divided to 4.45V at a constant current and a constant voltage of 0.7C, stopping the current at 0.02C, then discharging the battery to 3.0V at a constant current of 0.7C, and circulating the battery according to the above steps, and calculating the capacity retention ratio of the battery in the 300 th cycle after 300 cycles of charging/discharging. The calculation formula is as follows:
the 300 th cycle capacity retention (%) was (300 th cycle discharge capacity/first cycle discharge capacity) × 100%.
Table 2 results of cell performance test of examples and comparative examples
As can be seen from the results of the electrochemical performance tests of examples 1-10 and comparative example 1 in Table 2, the isocyanate additive of the present invention can improve the electrochemical performance of lithium cobaltate high voltage batteries in different ranges when combined with other additives, wherein the electrochemical performance is improved most remarkably when 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (compound 1) is added into the electrolyte.
The inventor deduces through literature reading and other related basic experiments that the action mechanism of the substances is mainly that the substances can be oxidized and decomposed on the surface of the anode material to form a passivation film, and the anode material is prevented from being corroded by hydrofluoric acid, so that the dissolution of metal ions (Co) and the collapse of a material structure are avoided.
It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments may be modified and adapted by persons skilled in the art based on the disclosure and teachings of the above specification, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included within the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (10)
1. The non-aqueous electrolyte of the high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent, an electrolyte lithium salt and an additive, and is characterized in that the additive comprises the following components in percentage by mass in the electrolyte:
0.5 to 1.0 percent of isocyanate additive
0.5 to 20 percent of other additives
2. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the isocyanate additive has a structural formula shown in formula (i) or formula (ii):
wherein R, R2,R3It is an alkyl group, a fluoroalkyl group, a phenyl group or an aryl group.
3. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a high-voltage lithium cobaltate lithium ion battery according to claim 2, wherein the isocyanate additive is at least one selected from 1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, vinyl isocyanate, isopropyl isocyanate, cyclohexyl isocyanate, p-benzyl isocyanate and ethyl isocyanate.
4. The non-aqueous electrolyte for a high voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electrolyte lithium salt is a mixture of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium difluorosulfonimide and lithium difluorophosphate.
5. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of the electrolyte lithium salt in the electrolyte solution is 14.5-17.5% by mass.
6. The non-aqueous electrolyte for a high voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the other additive is one or more of fluoroethylene carbonate, 1,3, 6-hexanetricarbonitrile, 1, 3-propanesultone, adiponitrile, vinyl sulfate, succinonitrile, 1, 2-bis (cyanoethoxy) ethane.
7. The non-aqueous electrolyte solution for a high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery according to claim 6, wherein the other additive is a mixture of fluoroethylene carbonate, 1, 3-propane sultone, adiponitrile, and 1, 2-bis (cyanoethoxy) ethane.
8. The nonaqueous electrolyte solution for a high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the nonaqueous organic solvent is a mixture of one or more of cyclic carbonates, chain carbonates, and carboxylates.
9. The non-aqueous electrolyte for a high voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 8, wherein the non-aqueous organic solvent is a mixture of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl propionate and propyl propionate.
10. A high voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery comprising a cell formed by stacking or winding a positive electrode sheet, a separator and a negative electrode sheet, and the high voltage lithium cobalt oxide lithium ion battery electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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CN113851666A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-12-28 | 湖州昆仑亿恩科电池材料有限公司 | Electrolyte of primary lithium battery and preparation method and application thereof |
CN114156537A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-08 | 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 | Electrolyte and electrochemical device comprising same |
WO2023104038A1 (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2023-06-15 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Secondary battery |
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