CN111129545B - Vehicle fuel cell hydrogen supply circulation system and control method - Google Patents
Vehicle fuel cell hydrogen supply circulation system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111129545B CN111129545B CN201911384082.3A CN201911384082A CN111129545B CN 111129545 B CN111129545 B CN 111129545B CN 201911384082 A CN201911384082 A CN 201911384082A CN 111129545 B CN111129545 B CN 111129545B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
A vehicle fuel cell circulating system comprises a hydrogen supply device, a hydrogen supply pressure controller, a fuel cell, a circulating device and a fuel cell discharging device, wherein the hydrogen supply device is connected with one end of the fuel cell and used for supplying hydrogen required by the fuel cell, and the fuel cell discharging device is arranged at the other end of the fuel cell and used for discharging water and tail gas after the fuel cell works; the circulating device is arranged on the hydrogen supply device and the fuel cell discharging device and is used for secondarily utilizing hydrogen, and the hydrogen supply pressure controller controls the opening and closing of the hydrogen supply device, the circulating device and the fuel cell discharging device; the hydrogen supply pressure controller is used for inquiring the corresponding hydrogen pressure value according to the current value required by the working condition of the vehicle and controlling the opening and closing of the hydrogen supply device, the circulating device and the fuel cell discharging device in real time. The invention can improve the durability and efficiency of the fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle fuel cell power systems, in particular to a hydrogen supply circulation system of a vehicle fuel cell power system and a control method.
Background
The automobile is a necessary tool for national economic operation and people's trip, the traditional fuel oil automobile has the defects of high oil consumption and serious air pollution, and countries in Europe and America successively publish the sale prohibition schedules of the traditional fuel oil automobile along with the gradual depletion of petroleum. New energy automobiles, particularly electric automobiles, are a necessary trend in automobile development, and a fuel cell, one of the members of the electric automobile, has the advantages of no pollution, high energy conversion efficiency, high endurance mileage and the like, and is known as a final solution of the automobile.
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy in hydrogen into electrical energy, and is composed of a negative electrode (hydrogen) and a positive electrode (pure oxygen or oxygen in air) and an electrolyte. When the fuel cell is operated, hydrogen and an oxidant are supplied from the outside, and as long as the hydrogen and the oxidant are continuously input and reaction products (water) are continuously removed, the fuel cell can continuously generate electricity, so that the hydrogen supply system is an essential component of the fuel cell. In the hydrogen supply system, a part of hydrogen and oxygen are subjected to electrochemical reaction to generate electric energy and generate water, and unreacted hydrogen is transferred to the inlet of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen circulating device, so that the hydrogen is fully utilized, and the system efficiency is improved.
The main problem of the hydrogen supply circulation system of the fuel cell for the vehicle is the pressure control problem, the conventional control method is the hydrogen supply pressure constant pressure control, but as the working current of the fuel cell increases, the hydrogen consumed by the fuel cell also increases, so that the inlet pressure of the hydrogen supply circulation system of the fuel cell is reduced. Meanwhile, as the operating current of the fuel cell increases, the pressure of the hydrogen supply system also needs to be increased, thereby improving the power generation power and efficiency of the fuel cell.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a new hydrogen supply circulation system of the fuel cell for the vehicle and provides a new pressure control method, so that the service life and the efficiency of the fuel cell are improved.
Disclosure of Invention
At present, the pressure of the hydrogen supply circulation system of the fuel cell for the vehicle changes along with the change of the working current of the fuel cell.
In order to discharge water produced by the fuel cell and impurities in the fuel cell, the fuel cell generally needs to be provided with an exhaust valve at the outlet of the stack, and the exhaust valve is opened at regular time. However, this method wastes hydrogen and causes frequent pressure fluctuation in the hydrogen supply system, thereby impacting the proton exchange membrane inside the fuel cell and reducing the durability and service life of the fuel cell.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a fuel cell circulation system for a vehicle, the system includes a hydrogen supply device, a hydrogen supply pressure controller, a fuel cell, a circulation device and a fuel cell discharge device, the hydrogen supply device is connected to one end of the fuel cell and is used for supplying hydrogen required by the fuel cell, the fuel cell discharge device is disposed at the other end of the fuel cell and is used for discharging water and tail gas after the fuel cell is operated; the circulating device is arranged between the hydrogen supply device and the fuel cell discharging device, is respectively connected with the two ends of the fuel cell and is used for secondarily utilizing hydrogen, and the hydrogen supply pressure controller controls the opening and closing of the hydrogen supply device, the circulating device and the fuel cell discharging device; the hydrogen supply pressure controller is used for inquiring the corresponding hydrogen pressure value according to the current value required by the working condition of the vehicle and controlling the opening and closing of the hydrogen supply device, the circulating device and the fuel cell discharging device in real time. The system can control the pressure according to the optimal hydrogen supply pressure curve under the rapid change working condition of the vehicle, and can keep the pressure stability of the hydrogen supply system in the process of water drainage and tail gas exhaust.
As an improvement of the invention, the hydrogen supply device consists of a filter, a one-way valve, a pressure control valve and a first pressure sensor, the hydrogen supply pressure controller collects the pressure value of the first pressure sensor and controls the pressure control valve to open and close for providing sufficient hydrogen for the fuel cell.
The hydrogen supply pressure controller collects the pressure value of the second pressure sensor and controls the opening and closing of the tail gas valve so as to reduce the pressure fluctuation of the fuel cell circulating system.
As an improvement of the invention, the serpentine exhaust pipe is provided with a curved loop, so that the resistance of hydrogen out of the stack is improved, the amount of hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell is reduced, the pressure fluctuation of the hydrogen loop in the hydrogen Purge process is also reduced, and the durability and the efficiency of the fuel cell are improved.
As an improvement of the invention, a steam-water separator is arranged between the exhaust valve and the second pressure sensor, and when water is accumulated in the hydrogen supply circulation loop of the fuel cell, the water is discharged through the steam-water separator. The structure solves the water drainage problem in the hydrogen supply circulation loop of the fuel cell, reduces the opening times of the tail gas valve, reduces the hydrogen quantity discharged from the fuel cell and improves the system efficiency.
A circulation control method of a vehicle fuel cell is executed by the circulation system of the vehicle fuel cell.
As an improvement in the invention, the control needs to calculate the impurity accumulation amount, and if the impurity accumulation amount is larger than a given threshold value, the exhaust valve is opened. The calculation of the cumulative amount of impurities is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
respectively accumulating the tail gas masses of the hydrogen loop at the moment i and the moment i + 1; t is t0、tfAs calculated start and end times;
is the molar mass of hydrogen in kg/mol; n is the number of fuel cell stacks; i isstIs the fuel cell stack current; f is a Faraday constant; k is the hydrogen impurity content.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the service life and the efficiency of the fuel cell are improved.
(2) The durability and the service life of the fuel cell are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a logic block diagram of a hydrogen supply circulation system of a fuel cell for a vehicle according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of a hydrogen supply cycle system of a fuel cell for a vehicle according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a fuel cell cycle control method for a vehicle.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a fuel cell circulation system for a vehicle includes a hydrogen supply device, a hydrogen supply pressure controller, a fuel cell, a circulation device and a fuel cell exhaust device, wherein the hydrogen supply device is connected to one end of the fuel cell and is used for supplying hydrogen required by the fuel cell, and the fuel cell exhaust device is arranged at the other end of the fuel cell and is used for exhausting water and tail gas after the fuel cell is operated; the circulating device is arranged between the hydrogen supply device and the fuel cell discharging device, is respectively connected with the two ends of the fuel cell and is used for secondarily utilizing hydrogen, and the hydrogen supply pressure controller controls the opening and closing of the hydrogen supply device, the circulating device and the fuel cell discharging device; the hydrogen supply pressure controller is provided with a preset current-pressure curve table (table 1 is a preferable hydrogen supply current-pressure relation), and according to the current value required by the working condition of the vehicle, the hydrogen supply pressure controller inquires the corresponding hydrogen pressure value and controls the opening and closing of the hydrogen supply device, the circulating device and the fuel cell discharging device in real time. The system can control the pressure according to the optimal hydrogen supply pressure curve under the rapid change working condition of the vehicle, and can keep the pressure stability of the hydrogen supply system in the process of water drainage and tail gas exhaust.
TABLE 1
As shown in fig. 2, the hydrogen supply device is composed of a filter, a check valve, a pressure control valve and a first pressure sensor, wherein the hydrogen supply pressure controller collects the pressure value of the first pressure sensor and controls the pressure control valve to open and close for providing sufficient hydrogen for the fuel cell.
The hydrogen supply pressure controller collects the pressure value of the second pressure sensor and controls the opening and closing of the tail gas valve to reduce the pressure fluctuation of the fuel cell circulating system.
Wherein, the circulating device is a hydrogen circulating pump.
The serpentine exhaust pipe is provided with a curved loop, so that the hydrogen stack discharging resistance is improved, the hydrogen amount discharged from the fuel cell is reduced, the pressure fluctuation of the hydrogen loop in the hydrogen Purge process is also reduced, and the durability and the efficiency of the fuel cell are improved.
And when water is accumulated in the hydrogen supply circulation loop of the fuel cell, the water is discharged through the steam-water separator. The structure solves the water drainage problem in the hydrogen supply circulation loop of the fuel cell, reduces the opening times of the tail gas valve, reduces the hydrogen quantity discharged from the fuel cell and improves the system efficiency.
When high-pressure hydrogen enters the galvanic pile through the filter, the one-way valve and the pressure control valve, the filter filters large-particle impurities in the hydrogen to protect the galvanic pile of the fuel cell, the one-way valve prevents the hydrogen from flowing backwards and flowing backwards, and the pressure control valve controls the hydrogen supply pressure according to a current-pressure curve required by the working condition of the vehicle, such as shown in table 1; the hydrogen circulating pump pumps unreacted hydrogen back to the inlet of the fuel cell stack; the steam-water separator, the tail gas valve and the snakelike exhaust pipe are connected to the outlet of the fuel cell stack, and water drainage and tail gas exhaust control are performed outside the hydrogen circulation loop, so that pressure fluctuation of the hydrogen supply loop is reduced as much as possible. The steam-water separation mainly discharges redundant liquid water, so that the drainage and tail gas discharge processes are separated, the Purge times are reduced, the hydrogen utilization efficiency is improved, and the discharged liquid water can flow back to a cooling system.
The hydrogen supply pressure controller collects signals of the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor and controls the hydrogen circulating pump, the pressure control valve and the tail gas valve. The control to hydrogen circulating pump is on-off control, under the general condition, is about to the hydrogen circulating pump and opens when fuel cell opens, closes the hydrogen circulating pump when fuel cell closes, and the water that fuel cell generated is more under the heavy current operating mode, can close the hydrogen circulating pump.
The optimum hydrogen supply current-pressure relationship of the fuel cell obtained by trial and error and calculation is shown in table 1. During the operation of the fuel cell, the hydrogen pressure entering the galvanic pile needs to be changed correspondingly along with the increase of the galvanic pile current, and then the maximum power can be output. The vehicle-mounted working condition changes frequently, the current of the corresponding fuel cell stack changes frequently, and the pressure of hydrogen entering the stack by the fuel cell needs to be controlled in real time.
As shown in fig. 3. The flow of the circulation control method of the vehicle fuel cell is as follows:
1) and determining the current of the fuel cell stack according to the required power of the automobile, wherein the process can be obtained by dividing the required power by the output voltage of the fuel cell. The required power can be obtained by directly calculating according to the automobile pedal signal or by an energy management algorithm of the whole automobile controller.
2) And determining the given value of the pressure of the hydrogen entering the reactor according to the optimal hydrogen supply current-pressure relation table. And substituting the current of the fuel cell stack obtained in the last step into an optimal hydrogen supply current-pressure relation table shown in the table 1 by adopting a table look-up method to obtain a stack entering hydrogen pressure given value. In the table look-up process, some point tables are not given, and a linear interpolation method is needed for processing.
3) And determining the opening degree of the pressure control valve by adopting a PID control strategy. Collecting the pressure value of the hydrogen entering the stack, comparing the pressure value with the pressure given value obtained in the last step, obtaining the difference value of the two values, substituting the difference value into a PID control method, calculating the opening of a pressure control valve, and controlling the pressure of the fuel cell entering the stack to be a given optimal value. The setting of the specific PID parameters can be adjusted according to the actual condition of the electric pile, or the setting can be carried out by adopting a conventional PID parameter setting method.
4) Calculating the accumulated amount Q of hydrogen impuritiesz. The calculation of the hydrogen impurity accumulation amount is calculated according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
respectively accumulating the tail gas masses of the hydrogen loop at the moment i and the moment i + 1; t is t0、tfAs calculated start and end times;
is the molar mass of hydrogen in kg/mol; n is the number of fuel cell stacks; i isstIs the fuel cell stack current; f is a Faraday constant; k is the hydrogen impurity content.
5) And controlling the tail gas valve. The hydrogen impurity accumulated quantity Q obtained by calculationzGiven value Q of hydrogen impurityrefMake a comparison if Qz≥QrefOpening a tail gas valve to carry out Purge operation, and measuring the accumulated amount Q of hydrogen impuritieszClearing; otherwise, the tail gas valve is closed, and the Purge operation is not carried out.
And keeping the pressure of the galvanic pile stable in the Purge process. The serpentine exhaust pipe is arranged in the Purge loop and is provided with a bent loop, so that the resistance of hydrogen out of the stack can be improved, the amount of hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell is reduced, the pressure fluctuation of the hydrogen loop in the Purge process of the hydrogen is also reduced, the durability of the fuel cell is improved, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. A circulation control method of a vehicle fuel cell, the circulation control method is executed by a vehicle fuel cell circulation system, the system comprises a hydrogen supply device, a hydrogen supply pressure controller, a fuel cell, a circulation device and a fuel cell discharge device, the hydrogen supply device is connected with one end of the fuel cell, the fuel cell discharge device is arranged at the other end of the fuel cell, the circulation device is arranged between the hydrogen supply device and the fuel cell discharge device and is respectively connected with the two ends of the fuel cell, the hydrogen supply pressure controller controls the opening and closing of the hydrogen supply device, the circulation device and the fuel cell discharge device, and the circulation control method is characterized in that: the hydrogen supply pressure controller is provided with a current-pressure curve table in advance, inquires a corresponding hydrogen pressure value according to a current value required by the working condition of the vehicle, and controls the opening and closing of the hydrogen supply device, the circulating device and the fuel cell discharging device in real time;
the vehicle fuel cell cycle control method includes: calculating the accumulated quantity of the impurities in the tail gas, opening a tail gas valve when the accumulated quantity of the impurities is greater than a preset threshold value, and calculating the accumulated quantity of the impurities in the tail gas according to the following formula:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
respectively accumulating the tail gas masses of the hydrogen loop at the moment i and the moment i + 1; t is t0、tfAs calculated start and end times;
is the molar mass of hydrogen in kg/mol; n is the number of fuel cell stacks; i isstIs the fuel cell stack current; f is a Faraday constant; k is the hydrogen impurity content.
2. The fuel cell cycle control method for a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hydrogen supply device consists of a filter, a one-way valve, a pressure control valve and a first pressure sensor, wherein the hydrogen supply pressure controller acquires the pressure value of the first pressure sensor and controls the pressure control valve to open and close.
3. The fuel cell cycle control method for a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fuel cell discharging device consists of an exhaust valve, a second pressure sensor and a snake-shaped exhaust pipe, wherein the hydrogen supply pressure controller acquires the pressure value of the second pressure sensor and controls the opening and closing of the exhaust valve.
4. A cycle control method of a fuel cell for a vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: the serpentine exhaust pipe is provided with a bent loop.
5. A cycle control method of a fuel cell for a vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: and a steam-water separator is also arranged between the exhaust valve and the second pressure sensor.
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| CN114781288A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-07-22 | 国家电投集团氢能科技发展有限公司 | Data processing method and device, electronic equipment and computer readable storage medium |
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| CN102013505B (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-09-12 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Automotive fuel cell hydrogen circulating system |
| CN104409750A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-03-11 | 航天新长征电动汽车技术有限公司 | Fuel-cell tail gas circulation system |
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| JP5128032B2 (en) * | 2001-07-04 | 2013-01-23 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Operation method of fuel cell |
| CN201868510U (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2011-06-15 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Vehicular fuel cell hydrogen circulation system |
| CN102097636B (en) * | 2011-01-07 | 2013-07-17 | 武汉理工大学 | Fault diagnosis device and method of fuel cell system |
| KR20140083823A (en) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-04 | 현대모비스 주식회사 | Fuel Cell Electronic Vehicle System and Control Method for the same |
| CN106004504B (en) * | 2016-07-06 | 2019-03-26 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | Hydrogen Energy recycles automobile clean hybrid power system |
| CN108321413A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-07-24 | 苏州弗尔赛能源科技股份有限公司 | A kind of on-vehicle fuel Hydrogen Controlling Device |
| CN109687000B (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2023-11-03 | 河南豫氢动力有限公司 | Shutdown discharging device and method for fuel cell system |
| CN109950583B (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2021-12-10 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Fuel cell system and control method of hydrogen injection valve for fuel cell system |
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| CN102013505B (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-09-12 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | Automotive fuel cell hydrogen circulating system |
| CN104409750A (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2015-03-11 | 航天新长征电动汽车技术有限公司 | Fuel-cell tail gas circulation system |
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