CN111122976B - Method for detecting insulation resistance of electric vehicle - Google Patents

Method for detecting insulation resistance of electric vehicle Download PDF

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CN111122976B
CN111122976B CN201811279269.2A CN201811279269A CN111122976B CN 111122976 B CN111122976 B CN 111122976B CN 201811279269 A CN201811279269 A CN 201811279269A CN 111122976 B CN111122976 B CN 111122976B
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detection point
voltage value
resistor
detection
switch
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CN111122976A (en
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徐童辉
张红涛
张亚辉
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Zhengzhou Shenlan Power Technology Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/025Measuring very high resistances, e.g. isolation resistances, i.e. megohm-meters
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01RMEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R27/00Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
    • G01R27/02Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
    • G01R27/14Measuring resistance by measuring current or voltage obtained from a reference source

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for detecting insulation resistance of an electric vehicle, which comprises the following steps of: and respectively detecting the voltage value of a first detection point, the voltage value of a second detection point and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point when the first switch and the second switch are disconnected, and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point when the first switch and the second switch are closed, and then calculating the confidence coefficient of the voltage value of the corresponding first detection point and the voltage value of the corresponding second detection point according to the voltage value between each first detection point and each second detection point, wherein the confidence coefficient is not greater than the set value, and the insulation resistance value of the electric vehicle is calculated according to the voltage value of the first detection point and the voltage value of the second detection point. The technical scheme provided by the invention can solve the problem that the detection result is low in accuracy because the reliability of the detected data is not checked when the insulation resistance of the vehicle is detected in the prior art.

Description

Insulation resistance detection method for electric vehicle
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of insulation resistance detection of electric vehicles, and particularly relates to a method for detecting insulation resistance of an electric vehicle.
Background
With the popularization of new energy vehicles and the wider application of electric vehicles, the safety of automobiles is also receiving more and more attention. In order to meet the electric energy conversion efficiency of the vehicle, the voltage of the power battery on the electric vehicle is higher and higher, and at the moment, the high-voltage safety of the vehicle is more and more important. Along with the prolonging of the service life of the power battery, the aging of the power battery or a connecting wire thereof and other reasons, the insulation between the power battery and a vehicle body is likely to be caused to be problematic. Because the voltage of the power battery far exceeds the safety voltage of a human body, the safety of passengers can be directly affected by the insulation problem between the power battery and the vehicle body, and therefore, it is very important to determine whether the insulation resistance between the power battery and the vehicle body is reliable and reliable.
At present, two detection methods are applied to the insulation resistance of the power battery of the electric automobile, one is an alternating current injection method, the other is an unbalanced resistance method, and only the hardware circuit and software control strategies designed by different manufacturers are different.
The alternating current injection method is to inject a fixed frequency alternating current signal into an electrical system, and then calculate the amplitude or phase of the alternating current signal and a related insulation resistance value calibrated in advance to calculate the insulation resistance value of the current system. However, the injection of the ac signal into the dc system introduces an interference source into the dc system, which affects the normal operation of the dc system, and has a complex circuit, high cost, poor stability, and low detection accuracy due to the influence of the distributed capacitance.
The unbalanced resistance method is a widely adopted insulation resistance detection method at present, and the insulation resistance detection method of most manufacturers is based on the GB/T18384.1-2015 national standard, four switches are required to be manufactured, four voltage values are measured, insulation resistance values of a positive bus and a negative bus to the ground can be calculated through a series of operations, the total voltage of a battery pack cannot be collected, the positive bus to the ground, the negative bus to the ground and the total voltage are not the same, and the calculated insulation resistance values are not the current actual values but hysteresis values.
Chinese patent application publication No. CN107643447A discloses a vehicle insulation detection circuit and method, in which two detection branches are provided in the detection circuit, and the insulation resistance value of a vehicle is calculated according to the voltage values of detection points in different modes. Although the testing method can improve the precision of the detection of the insulation resistance of the vehicle to a certain extent, the reliability of the detected resistance value is not checked when the insulation resistance of the vehicle is calculated, and when a detection circuit breaks down or is interfered, the calculated result has larger error and lower accuracy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for detecting the insulation resistance of an electric vehicle, which is used for solving the problem of low accuracy of a detection result caused by the fact that reliability detection is not carried out on detected data when the insulation resistance of the vehicle is detected in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
an insulation resistance detection method for an electric vehicle comprises the following steps:
under the working condition that a power battery of the electric vehicle is electrified:
disconnecting the first switch and the second switch, and detecting the voltage value of the first detection point, the voltage value of the second detection point and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point;
closing the first switch, opening the second switch, and detecting the voltage value of the first detection point, the voltage value of the second detection point and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point;
the first switch is disconnected, the second switch is closed, and the voltage value of the first detection point, the voltage value of the second detection point and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point are detected;
calculating the confidence coefficient of the voltage value of the corresponding first detection point and the voltage value of the second detection point according to the voltage value between each first detection point and the second detection point;
if the confidence degrees of the voltage values of the first detection point and the second detection point are greater than the set values, re-detecting the corresponding voltage values of the first detection point and the second detection point;
if the confidence degrees of the voltage value of each first detection point and the voltage value of each second detection point are not greater than the set value, calculating the insulation resistance value of the electric vehicle according to the voltage value of the first detection point and the voltage value of the second detection point;
the resistance conversion detection part comprises a first branch and a second branch; the first branch circuit comprises a first switch, a first resistor, a second resistor and a second switch which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the connection point of the first resistor and the second resistor is used for connecting the reference potential of the electric vehicle; the second branch circuit comprises a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor and a sixth resistor which are sequentially connected in series, wherein a connection point of the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor is used for connecting a reference potential of an electric vehicle, the connection point of the third resistor and the fourth resistor is a first detection point, and the connection point of the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor is a second detection point; one end of the first branch circuit and one end of the second branch circuit after being connected in parallel are used for being connected with the positive pole of the high-voltage line of the electric vehicle, and the other end of the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit are used for being connected with the negative pole of the high-voltage line of the electric vehicle.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, after the voltages of the first detection point and the second detection point are detected, the reliability of the voltages is firstly detected, and when the reliability of the detected data is not less than a set value, the insulation resistance value of the vehicle is calculated, so that the problem of low accuracy of the detection result caused by the fact that the reliability of the detected data is not detected in the prior art when the insulation resistance of the vehicle is detected can be solved.
As a further improvement to the calculation of the vehicle insulation resistance, when the first switch and the second switch are turned off, the voltage value at the first detection point is Vp1, and the voltage value at the second detection point is Vn 1; when the first switch is closed and the second switch is opened, the voltage value of the first detection point is Vp2, and the voltage value of the second detection point is Vn 2; opening the first switch, and closing the second switch, detecting that the voltage value of the first detection point is Vp3, and the voltage value of the second detection point is Vn 3;
the positive electrode of the electric vehicle has an insulation resistance of
Rp=[(Ka-1)*Ra*(R1+R2)]/[(R1+R2)-(Ka-1)*Ra]
Insulation resistance of negative electrode of electric vehicle is
Rn=[(Kb-1)*Rb*(R3+R4)]/[(R3+R4)-(Kb-1)*Rb]
Ka=(Vp1/Vp2)/(Vp2/Vn2)
Kb=(Vp1/Vp2)/(Vp3/Vn3)
Wherein Ra, Rb, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are resistance values of the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, the fourth resistor, the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor, respectively.
The specific calculation method for the vehicle insulation resistance is simple in calculation and high in reliability.
And after the detection is carried out for the set times again, if the confidence coefficient of the voltage values of the first detection point and the second detection point is still greater than the set value, judging that the resistor conversion detection part has a fault.
If the confidence coefficient of each voltage detection point is larger than the set value after multiple detections, the fact that the resistance conversion detection part has a fault can be judged, so that the resistance conversion detection part can be overhauled in time, and the efficiency of detecting the insulation resistance of the vehicle is guaranteed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topology structural view of an insulation resistance detection system for an electric vehicle in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first filtering apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the specific embodiments.
The embodiment provides an insulation resistance detection method for an electric vehicle, which is used for detecting the insulation resistance of the electric vehicle.
The topological structure of the insulation resistance detection system for the electric vehicle to which the insulation resistance detection method for the electric vehicle provided by the embodiment is applied is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a resistance conversion detection part, a signal filtering part and a signal processing part.
The resistance conversion detection part comprises two branches, wherein the first branch comprises a switch SWa, a resistor Ra, a resistor Rb and a switch SWb which are sequentially arranged in series, the second branch comprises a resistor R1, a resistor R2, a resistor R3 and a resistor R4 which are sequentially arranged in series, the connection point of the resistor Ra and the resistor Rb is grounded, the connection point of the resistor R2 and the resistor R3 is grounded, and R1/R2 is R4/R3 is n.
After the first branch and the second branch are connected in parallel, one end of the first branch is connected with the positive electrode of the vehicle power battery through a switch SWp, and the other end of the first branch is connected with the negative electrode of the vehicle power battery through a switch SWn.
The connection point of the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 is a first detection point, the connection point of the resistor R3 and the resistor R4 is a second connection point, the acquisition part is connected with the first detection point and the second detection point, a first filtering device is arranged on a line of the acquisition part connected with the first detection point, and a second filtering device is arranged on a line of the acquisition part connected with the second detection point.
The first filter device and the second filter device have the same configuration, and the configuration thereof will be described below by taking the first filter device as an example.
The first filter device has a structure as shown in fig. 2, and includes an operational amplifier, an inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the first detection point, an output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to the acquisition part, and an output terminal of the operational amplifier is connected to a non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. A resistor R5 and a resistor R6 are arranged in series on a line connecting the inverting input end of the operational amplifier with the first detection point, and the connection point of the resistor R5 and the resistor R6 is connected with the output end of the amplifier through a capacitor C1; the inverting input of the operational amplifier is also connected to ground through a capacitor C2.
If the insulation resistance of the positive terminal of the electric vehicle is Rp and the insulation resistance of the negative terminal is Rn, the method for detecting the insulation resistance of the vehicle by the signal processing part in the insulation resistance detection system for the electric vehicle provided by this embodiment is as follows:
step 1: when the power battery works, the switch SWp and the switch SWn are closed, the switch SWa and the switch SWb are disconnected, and the voltage value of the first detection point, the voltage value of the second detection point and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point are detected simultaneously; if the voltage value detected at the time at the first detection point is Vp1, the voltage value detected at the second detection point is Vn1, and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point is V1, the confidence degrees of the voltage value Vp1 and the voltage value Vn1 are calculated first; if the confidence degrees of the voltage value Vp1 and the voltage value Vn1 are greater than the set values, the error between the voltage value Vp1 and the voltage value Vn1 is judged to be too large, and the detection needs to be carried out again;
if the confidence of the voltage value Vp1 and the voltage value Vn1 in this step is T1, then T1 | (Vp1+ Vn1) -V1 |/V1;
if the confidence T1 of the voltage value Vp1 and the voltage value Vn1 is not greater than the set value
Vsum1=n*(Vp1+Vn1);
Vp1/Vp2=[Rp//(R1+R2)]/[Rn//(R3+R4)];
The set value in this embodiment is 0.5;
step 2: when the power battery works, the switch SWp and the switch SWn are closed, the switch SWa is closed, the switch SWb is opened, and the voltage value of the first detection point, the voltage value of the second detection point and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point are detected simultaneously; if the voltage value detected at the time at the first detection point is Vp2, the voltage value detected at the second detection point is Vn2, and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point is V2, the confidence degrees of the voltage value Vp2 and the voltage value Vn2 are calculated first; if the confidence degrees of the voltage value Vp2 and the voltage value Vn2 are greater than the set values, the error between the voltage value Vp1 and the voltage value Vn1 is judged to be too large, and the detection needs to be carried out again;
if the confidence of the voltage value Vp2 and the voltage value Vn2 in this step is T2, then T2 | (Vp2+ Vn2) -V2 |/V2;
if the confidence degrees T2 of the voltage value Vp2 and the voltage value Vn2 are not larger than the set value, the positive end resistance of the electric vehicle is Rp// Ra// (R1+ R2) and the negative end resistance is Rn// (R3+ R4);
Vp2/Vn2=[Rp//Ra//(R1+R2)]/[Rn//(R3+R4)]
Vsum2=n*(Vp2+Vn2);
and step 3: when the power battery works, closing the switch SWp and the switch SWn, opening the switch SWa, closing the switch SWb, and simultaneously detecting the voltage value of the first detection point, the voltage value of the second detection point and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point, wherein the detected voltage value of the first detection point is Vp3, the detected voltage value of the second detection point is Vn3, and the detected voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point is V3, and the confidence coefficients of the voltage value Vp3 and the voltage value Vn3 are firstly calculated; if the confidence degrees of the voltage value Vp3 and the voltage value Vn3 are greater than the set values, the error between the voltage value Vp3 and the voltage value Vn3 is judged to be too large, and the detection needs to be carried out again;
if the confidence of the voltage value Vp3 and the voltage value Vn3 in this step is T3, then T3 | (Vp3+ Vn3) -V3 |/V3;
if the confidence degrees of the voltage value Vp3 and the voltage value Vn2 are not larger than the set values, the positive end resistance of the electric vehicle is Rp// (R1+ R2) and the negative end resistance is Rn// Rb// (R3+ R4) at the moment;
Vp3/Vn3=[Rp//(R1+R2)]/Rn//Rb//(R3+R4)];
Vsum3=n*(Vp3+Vn3)。
and 4, step 4: calculating the insulation resistance of the electric vehicle according to the data detected in the steps 1, 2 and 3:
let [ Vp1/Vn1]/[ Vp2/Vn2] ═ Ka;
then: ka ═ Rp// (R1+ R2) ]/[ Rp// Ra// (R1+ R2) ]
Namely, Rp ═ Ra (Ka-1) × (R1+ R2) ]/[ (R1+ R2) - (Ka-1) × Ra ].
Let [ Vp1/Vn1]/[ Vp3/Vn3] ═ Kb;
then: kb [ Rn// (R3+ R4) ]/[ Rn// Rb// (R3+ R4) ]
Namely Rn ═ Rb [ (Kb-1) × (R3+ R4) ]/[ (R3+ R4) - (Kb-1) × Rb ].
And (5) circularly executing the step 2, the step 3 and the step 4 to finally obtain the insulation resistance value of the current high-voltage system loop to the ground of the vehicle shell.

Claims (2)

1. The method is characterized by being suitable for an insulation resistance detection system for the electric vehicle, wherein the insulation resistance detection system for the electric vehicle comprises a resistance conversion detection part, and the resistance conversion detection part comprises a first branch circuit and a second branch circuit; the first branch circuit comprises a first switch, a first resistor, a second resistor and a second switch which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the connection point of the first resistor and the second resistor is used for connecting the reference potential of the electric vehicle; the second branch circuit comprises a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor and a sixth resistor which are sequentially connected in series, wherein the connection point of the fourth resistor and the fifth resistor is used for connecting the reference potential of the electric vehicle, the connection point of the third resistor and the fourth resistor is a first detection point, and the connection point of the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor is a second detection point; one end of the first branch circuit and one end of the second branch circuit after being connected in parallel are used for being connected with the anode of the high-voltage line of the electric vehicle, and the other end of the first branch circuit and the second branch circuit are used for being connected with the cathode of the high-voltage line of the electric vehicle; the ratio of the third resistor to the fourth resistor is equal to the ratio of the sixth resistor to the fifth resistor;
the method comprises the following steps:
under the working condition that a power battery of the electric vehicle is electrified:
disconnecting the first switch and the second switch, and detecting the voltage value of the first detection point, the voltage value of the second detection point and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point;
closing the first switch, opening the second switch, and detecting the voltage value of the first detection point, the voltage value of the second detection point and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point;
the first switch is disconnected, the second switch is closed, and the voltage value of the first detection point, the voltage value of the second detection point and the voltage value between the first detection point and the second detection point are detected;
calculating the confidence coefficient of the voltage value of the corresponding first detection point and the voltage value of the second detection point according to the voltage value between each first detection point and the second detection point;
if the confidence coefficients of the voltage values of the first detection point and the second detection point are larger than the set values, re-detecting the corresponding voltage values of the first detection point and the second detection point;
if the confidence degrees of the voltage value of each first detection point and the voltage value of each second detection point are not greater than the set value, calculating the insulation resistance value of the electric vehicle according to the voltage value of the first detection point and the voltage value of the second detection point;
when the first switch and the second switch are disconnected, the voltage value of the first detection point is Vp1, and the voltage value of the second detection point is Vn 1; closing the first switch, and when the second switch is opened, the voltage value of the first detection point is Vp2, and the voltage value of the second detection point is Vn 2; opening the first switch, and closing the second switch, detecting that the voltage value of the first detection point is Vp3, and the voltage value of the second detection point is Vn 3;
the positive electrode of the electric vehicle has an insulation resistance of
Rp = [(Ka-1)*Ra*(R1+R2)] / [(R1+R2)-(Ka-1)*Ra ]
Insulation resistance of negative electrode of electric vehicle is
Rn = [(Kb-1)*Rb*(R3+R4)] / [(R3+R4)-(Kb-1)*Rb ]
Ka=(Vp1 / Vp2)/(Vp2 / Vn2)
Kb=(Vp1 / Vp2)/(Vp3 / Vn3)
Wherein Ra, Rb, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are resistance values of the first resistor, the second resistor, the third resistor, the fourth resistor, the fifth resistor and the sixth resistor, respectively.
2. The insulation resistance detection method for electric vehicles according to claim 1, wherein, after the detection is performed a set number of times again, if the confidence of the voltage values of the first detection point and the second detection point is still greater than the set value, it is determined that the resistance change detection section has failed.
CN201811279269.2A 2018-10-30 2018-10-30 Method for detecting insulation resistance of electric vehicle Active CN111122976B (en)

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CN107643447B (en) * 2017-08-31 2020-01-21 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 Vehicle insulation detection circuit and method
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