CN111122358A - Method for determining fatigue life of magnesium alloy by considering hysteretic elastic energy - Google Patents
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- 229910000861 Mg alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 9
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000376 effect on fatigue Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011345 viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining fatigue life of magnesium alloy in consideration of hysteresis elastic energy, which comprises the steps of firstly determining the value of a parameter influencing the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy, then inputting the value into a simultaneous equation set, and solving to obtain the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy; the simultaneous equations are as follows: in the formula, NfThe fatigue life of the magnesium alloy. The method for determining the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy in consideration of the hysteretic elastic energy can be used for more accurately calculating the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy, and has ten advantagesThe method has important practical significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal fatigue life estimation, and relates to a method for determining fatigue life of magnesium alloy by considering hysteretic elastic energy.
Background
The phenomenon of hysteresis causes the internal units of metal to rub against each other, and most of the internal energy is converted into heat energy and discharged into the air. Some of the energy has a significant impact on fatigue damage. The anelastic strain generated in the AZ31 magnesium alloy has an important effect on fatigue life under high frequency and low load conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of the hysteresis energy on the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy to obtain a more accurate fatigue life of the magnesium alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the hysteresis elasticity phenomenon is not considered in the determination of the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy in the prior art, and provides a method for determining the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy by considering the hysteresis elasticity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for determining the fatigue life of a magnesium alloy in consideration of hysteretic elastic energy comprises the steps of firstly determining the value of a parameter influencing the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy, then inputting the value into a simultaneous equation set, and solving to obtain the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy;
the simultaneous equations are as follows:
in the formula, NfFatigue life of magnesium alloy;
Wfmechanical energy to cause fatigue damage is given in units of J;
ΔWifatigue damage density of hysteretic energy is represented by J;
ΔWpis the plastic strain energy damage density, in units of J;
n' is a cyclic strain hardening index,b is fatigue strength coefficient, b is-0.083-0.166 log (sigma)f/σb),σfIs the metal fracture strength in MPa, sigmabIs tensile strength in MPa, c is fatigue ductility index,εfthe fracture toughness of the metal is expressed in MPa-m1/2E is the elastic modulus of the magnesium alloy, and the unit is MPa;
Δεpis the plastic strain, in m,σ'fin order to be an index of the fatigue strength,ε'fin order to obtain a coefficient of fatigue ductility,
is the ith anelastic strain in m,E(Ni) Modulus of elasticity for each cyclic loading:ε1(Ni) The strain is corrected for the dynamics of the modified modulus of elasticity,Nithe total number of i-th cycle (1, 2,3,4,5,6 … …, and N for the last cycle)fTotal number of times is Nf,NfI.e., fatigue life), α is the metallohysteresis parameter,omega is the angular velocity, with unit rad/s,for the time of each cyclic loading,f is the loading frequency in units of s-1,δiThe elastic lag angle of the ith cycle,αmfor the elastic lag angle correction factor, delta1Is an initial elastic lag angle, delta1 α=kmf,kmIs the initial lag angle linear coefficient;
wherein σf、σb、εfThe values of E and E are determined by examining a fatigue design manual, σmax、σmin、ω、f、αmAnd kmThe value of (a) is a test set value.
The key creation point of the invention is that a dynamic elastic modulus model considering the elastic modulus change under the cyclic load is established based on the hysteresis elasticity of the magnesium alloy, the influence of the elastic hysteresis angle on the elastic modulus is mainly considered, a dynamic elastic strain coefficient (elastic modulus model) is introduced, a fatigue failure hysteresis elastic energy density model is established, the energy density of each cyclic load is accumulated, the total energy of fatigue failure is obtained, and the fatigue life is calculated through the total energy.
The general hysteresis elastic strain equation considers that the hysteresis angle is constant, the model provided by the invention is based on a calculation model of the hysteresis angle, hysteresis elastic strain is calculated by substituting the calculation model of the hysteresis angle provided by the invention, the dynamic elastic modulus is corrected by the elastic hysteresis angle, hysteresis elastic strain is calculated by the dynamic elastic modulus, hysteresis elastic strain energy density is calculated by the hysteresis elastic strain, and the hysteresis elastic strain energy density is summed to finally obtain the total failure hysteresis elastic energy, which is not considered in the prior art.
Has the advantages that:
the method for determining the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy in consideration of the hysteresis elastic energy can be used for accurately calculating the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy, and has important practical significance for analyzing the structural reliability of automobile systems such as an automobile clutch shell, a valve cover, a gearbox cylinder cover, an air conditioner shell, a steering wheel, a steering support, a brake support and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a strain-hysteresis curve;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the elastic modulus and the number of cycles;
FIG. 3 is a graph of a double logarithmic parameter fit of S-N magnesium alloy;
FIG. 4 is a S-N plot of a magnesium alloy.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
A method for determining fatigue life of magnesium alloy considering hysteretic elastic energy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) establishing a simultaneous equation set;
(1.1) determining the energy conversion relation:
under the condition of determining the load and stress ratio, the mechanical energy transmitted to each cyclic load test piece is constant, the cyclic load can be regarded as a sinusoidal load, alternating stress acts on metal to generate mechanical energy, the mechanical energy is converted into elastic strain energy, plastic strain energy and hysteresis elastic strain energy inside the metal, the elastic strain energy is generally considered not to influence fatigue damage, fatigue cracks and metal fatigue failure are mainly caused by hysteresis elastic strain energy and plastic strain energy, the influence of the plastic strain on the fatigue failure is small due to the lower stress level of the test piece, the mechanical energy is converted and accumulated in the metal in the form of hysteresis elastic strain energy and elastic strain energy, when the metal generates elastic deformation, the elastic energy is released, and part of the hysteresis elastic strain energy and the plastic energy causes the metal fatigue damage;
(1.2) establishing a dynamic elastic modulus model:
the experimental study shows that the elastic modulus is in a descending trend along with the increase of the cycle number, when the load cycle reaches a certain number, the elastic modulus is stable and does not change greatly, the elastic modulus is considered to be composed of a static elastic modulus and a dynamic elastic modulus, but the dynamic elastic modulus is considered to be the hysteretic elastic strain of a metal test piece in consideration of the situation that deformation cannot be completely recovered, and the dynamic strain is considered to be the static strain epsilon0And dynamic elastic strain coefficient ε1(Ni) The elastic modulus model formula is formed by two parts, the hysteresis elastic strain changes along with the change of the load cycle number, and when the load is constant stress:
in the formula: e (N)i) The modulus of elasticity for each cyclic load, which is a variable that varies with the number of loads, σ0Is the load in units of MPa,σmaxis the maximum stress in MPa, σminIs the minimum stress in MPa;ε1(Ni) For dynamic correction of the strain for the modified modulus of elasticity, it is a dynamic parameter, called the dynamic elastic strain coefficient, definedWherein N isiIs the total number of cycles at the i-th cycle, δiThe elastic lag angle of the ith cycle,αmfor the elastic lag angle correction factor, delta1Is an initial elastic lag angle, delta1 α=kmf,kmIs the linear coefficient of the initial lag angle,σbis tensile strength in MPa, n' is the cyclic strain hardening index,b is fatigue strength coefficient, b is-0.083-0.166 log (sigma)f/σb),σfIs the metal fracture strength in MPa, c is the fatigue ductility index,εfthe fracture toughness of the metal is expressed in MPa-m1/2E is the elastic modulus of the magnesium alloy, and the unit is MPa;
(1.3) calculating the i-th anelastic strain:
the strain of an elastic material is independent of time, and the relationship between strain and stress can be expressed as epsilont=ε0sin ω t, and for newtonian viscous materials,this means that the lag angle of the strain lags behind the stressThe viscoelasticity mechanical property of the metal is between viscosity and elasticity, and the lag angle of the metal strain lags behind the stressThus, the anelastic strain expression for a metal is:
in the formula:is the i-th anelastic strain in m, ω is the angular velocity in rad/s,for the time of each cyclic loading,f is the loading frequency in units of s-1;
The phenomenon of hysteresis elasticity enables a part of mechanical energy to be stored in a material in the form of hysteresis elastic energy, as shown in fig. 1, under a certain loading frequency, the strain always lags behind a certain stress stage, the stress strain is asynchronous, the elastic energy cannot be completely released, the elastic strain energy is generated, a part of the elastic strain energy can be converted into heat energy, and a part of the elastic strain energy can act on fatigue damage;
along with the change of the loading frequency, the elasticity lag angle of AZ31 magnesium alloy is different, the deformation degree of internal metal elements can cause the change of elastic modulus, along with the increase of the number of load cycles, the deformation of magnesium alloy units is continuously changed, so the elastic modulus is changed, based on the change of the elastic modulus, the influence of the loading frequency on the elastic modulus is considered, a dynamic elastic modulus model is adopted to estimate the fatigue life, based on an elastic strain function, the influence of the loading size and the loading frequency is considered, and an elastic strain hysteresis correction formula is given:
in the formula:for the static strain generated by the stress applied to the test piece after the elastic modulus is corrected, sin (δ (f, σ) can be considered because the value of the hysteresis angle is small0) Is equal to δ (f, σ)0);
(1.4) estimating the fatigue life by adopting a dynamic elastic modulus model, and establishing a fatigue life model:
from the above, the initial lag angle is related to the loading frequency and the load size, and the elastic lag angle increases with the increase of the load and the frequency, the AZ31 magnesium alloy is a hysteresis elastomer, when the applied alternating load is lower than the yield limit, the internal unit of the alloy elastically deforms, the fatigue life of the alloy changes with the change of the loading frequency, and the fatigue life decreases when the loading frequency increases, which indicates that the loading frequency has an important influence on the fatigue life of the AZ31 magnesium alloy;
when the loading frequency is higher than the elastic strain recovery frequency of the metal element, the strain lags behind the stress to generate elastic energy, most of the elastic energy is converted into heat energy in the air in the metal, and one part of the elastic energy is used as internal consumption of the metal to cause fatigue damage of the metal;
on one hand, the elastic lag angle is mainly influenced by the loading frequency, on the other hand, the elastic lag angle acts on the alloy unit, different lag angles show different hysteresis elastic strains of metal elements, so that the elastic modulus of the alloy is in a dynamic process, the mechanical property of the AZ31 magnesium alloy is in a constantly changing state in the loading process due to the change of the elastic modulus, and the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy is considered reasonably according to the elastic lag angle;
research shows that alternating stress acts on metal, about 25% of mechanical energy causes fatigue damage, and the mechanical energy density caused by mechanical energy in each period is 0.25 delta W assuming that the proportion of mechanical energy converted into damage energy in each cyclic load is the samem;
Since most of the hysteretic energy in the metal is also transferred to the air in the form of heat energy, the proportion of energy converted into fatigue damage is considered to be the same as that of mechanical energy, and the calculation formula of 25 percent of mechanical energy (hysteretic energy fatigue damage density) causing fatigue damage can be obtained by combining the hysteretic stress-strain curve with a cyclically generated energy:
when the test piece fails, by accumulating the mechanical energy damage density, the mechanical damage energy (mechanical energy causing fatigue damage) inputted externally can be obtained:
because the fatigue damage caused by elastic strain energy is not considered, the mechanical energy of fatigue failure is equal to the sum of the damage density of the elastic strain energy and the damage density of the plastic strain energy, and the plastic strain is smaller because the stress is smaller than the elastic limit, the density of the plastic strain energy can be considered to be constant;
in the formula, NfFor fatigue life of magnesium alloys, Δ WpIn order to achieve a plastic strain energy damage density,Δεpis the plastic strain, in m,σ'fin order to be an index of the fatigue strength,ε'fin order to obtain a coefficient of fatigue ductility,
the resulting system of simultaneous equations is as follows:
in the formula, NfFatigue life of magnesium alloy;
Wfmechanical energy to cause fatigue damage is given in units of J;
ΔWifatigue damage density of hysteretic energy is represented by J;
ΔWpis the plastic strain energy damage density, in units of J;
n' is a cyclic strain hardening index,b is fatigue strength coefficient, b is-0.083-0.166 log (sigma)f/σb),σfIs the metal fracture strength in MPa, sigmabIs tensile strength in MPa, c is fatigue ductility index,εfthe fracture toughness of the metal is expressed in MPa-m1/2E is the elastic modulus of the magnesium alloy, and the unit is MPa;
Δεpis the plastic strain, in m,σ'fin order to be an index of the fatigue strength,ε'fin order to obtain a coefficient of fatigue ductility,
is the ith anelastic strain in m,E(Ni) Modulus of elasticity for each cyclic loading:ε1(Ni) The strain is corrected for the dynamics of the modified modulus of elasticity,Nithe total number of i-th cycle (1, 2,3,4,5,6 … …, and N for the last cycle)fTotal number of times is Nf,NfI.e., fatigue life), α is the metallohysteresis parameter,omega is the angular velocity, with unit rad/s,for the time of each cyclic loading,f is the loading frequency in units of s-1,δiThe elastic lag angle of the ith cycle,αmfor the elastic lag angle correction factor, delta1Is an initial elastic lag angle, delta1 α=kmf,kmIs the initial lag angle linear coefficient;
(2) determining the value of a parameter influencing the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy, wherein sigmaf、σb、εfThe values of E and E are determined by looking up a manual, σmax、σmin、ω、f、αmAnd kmThe value of (A) is a set value;
(3) and substituting the values of the parameters influencing the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy into a simultaneous equation set, and solving to obtain the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy.
The fatigue life of the magnesium alloy under different loading frequencies of 80MPa is calculated, and the elastic lag angle corresponding to the fatigue life is obtained by calculating the lag angle under different frequencies, as shown in Table 1, the elastic lag angle is increased along with the increase of the loading frequency, when the loading frequency is smaller, the metal unit completely recovers the elastic strain, and the lag angle is smaller.
TABLE 1
The fatigue life of AZ31 magnesium was predicted, and the chemical composition (weight/%) of AZ31 magnesium is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
The parameter related to the elastic strain energy of AZ31 magnesium, n' ═ 0.2028, Delta epsilonp=2.4033×10-5It can be seen from the calculations that the plastic strain is small under small loads, that is, the anelastic strain energy has a significant effect on fatigue damage of the metal under small loads when the load frequency is high.
The magnesium alloy AZ31 was subjected to a fatigue test (ref Horynov M, zapleatal J,P,evaluation of magic life of AZ31 magnesium alloy contaminated by squeezing casting. Mater. Des.2013; 45: 253-.
TABLE 3
R is stress ratio, sigmamaxAnd σminThe ratio psi is the reduction of area.
The test values and the predicted values of the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy AZ31 under the stress of 50MPa to 110MPa are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
As can be seen from Table 4, the predicted values substantially agreed with the test values. The test values have certain dispersion and test error factorsThere is an abnormality in the individual test values. From the analysis of the predicted values, it can be seen that the fatigue life and load are logarithmic. Through the fitting of the load and the predicted value, the S-N curve N of the AZ31 magnesium alloy is 1016.0988S-6.2222As shown in fig. 3.
Figure 2 shows the elastic modulus curves of magnesium alloys at four different stress levels. According to the equation εtThe elastic modulus of the metal is continuously changed under the action of alternating external force load, and the elastic modulus shows the gradual reduction process along with the increase of the load.
In using the log-log prediction for fatigue life and load, the S-N curve is shown in FIG. 3. The discrete points represent test data and the curves represent stress-fatigue life curves corresponding to the above-described method. Through logarithmic calculation of test data, the fatigue life of the test is basically linearly related to the stress, which is basically consistent with the existing research results. The test results are discrete due to uncertainties in the test operation, but may reflect the fundamental laws of fatigue life. According to the fatigue life prediction model established above, under different stress loads, the fatigue life is predicted by considering the influence of the dynamic change of the elastic modulus. As shown in fig. 3, the fitted curve more intuitively shows that the fatigue life and stress are logarithmically linear, and the test values are substantially distributed on both sides of the fitted curve.
Based on the proposed fatigue life prediction method described above, a curve was fitted according to the predicted values listed in table 4, such as S-N shown in fig. 4. The predicted curve is well matched with the test value.
Claims (1)
1. A method for determining fatigue life of magnesium alloy in consideration of hysteretic elastic energy is characterized by comprising the following steps: firstly, determining the value of a parameter influencing the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy, then inputting the value into a simultaneous equation set, and solving to obtain the fatigue life of the magnesium alloy;
the simultaneous equations are as follows:
in the formula, NfFatigue life of magnesium alloy;
b=-0.083-0.166log(σf/σb),σfis the metal fracture strength in MPa, sigmabThe tensile strength is expressed in MPa,εfthe fracture toughness of the metal is expressed in MPa-m1 /2E is the elastic modulus of the magnesium alloy, and the unit is MPa;
Niis the total cycle number of the ith cycle,omega is the angular velocity, with unit rad/s,f is the loading frequency in units of s-1,αmFor the elastic lag angle correction factor, delta1 α=kmf,kmIs the initial lag angle linear coefficient;
wherein σf、σb、εfThe values of E and E are determined by looking up a manual, σmax、σmin、ω、f、αmAnd kmIs taken as a set value.
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