CN111121057B - Incineration mode based on kiln head temperature of rotary kiln - Google Patents
Incineration mode based on kiln head temperature of rotary kiln Download PDFInfo
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- CN111121057B CN111121057B CN201911409175.7A CN201911409175A CN111121057B CN 111121057 B CN111121057 B CN 111121057B CN 201911409175 A CN201911409175 A CN 201911409175A CN 111121057 B CN111121057 B CN 111121057B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/02—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined of multiple-chamber or multiple-drum type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
- F27B7/42—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an incineration mode based on the temperature of a kiln head of a rotary kiln, which belongs to the technical field of waste treatment of the rotary kiln and comprises the following steps: storing the wastes to be treated at intervals in a storage workshop according to different types and properties; observing the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln through a display device; taking wastes of different types and properties from a stock workshop according to a certain proportion according to the temperature of the kiln head, mixing the wastes, and grabbing the wastes through a grab bucket to enter the rotary kiln head through a feeder; the waste forms slag after passing through a drying section, a burning section and a burnout section in the rotary kiln, and then is discharged out of the kiln; and calculating the discounting rate of the generated slag according to the weight reduction condition. The method can improve the combustion rate of the rotary kiln to wastes, and ensure that the ash residue reduction rate is qualified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of rotary kiln waste treatment, and particularly relates to an incineration mode based on the temperature of a rotary kiln head.
Background
Hazardous waste refers to solid waste or liquid waste with one or more hazardous characteristics such as corrosivity, toxicity, inflammability, reactivity or infectivity, and the like, besides, the hazardous waste which may cause harmful effects on environment or human health is not excluded, the waste which needs to be managed according to the hazardous waste is treated, the part of waste cannot be treated as common domestic waste, the technology for treating the hazardous waste by adopting rotary kiln incineration is taken as one of the main technologies for treating the hazardous waste in China, the application is more and more extensive, but the emission of the hazardous waste is strictly required in any mode, besides the strict control of incineration flue gas on SO2, NOX, CO, dust, blackness and the like, the slag deflagration rate is required to be controlled below 5%, and the operation of the incineration process is required to be greatly required. Good operation can perfectly realize that the smoke emission is qualified, the ash ignition loss rate is qualified, while bad operation not only can increase the cost, but also seriously possibly discharges exceeding standard and faces fine payment and even close. If the control is not good, the dangerous waste is easy to leave the rotary kiln without going to the burnout section, so that the slag ignition loss rate is unqualified. In addition, if the high temperature is kept for a long time, the damage of the kiln head refractory material is increased, and the service life is shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an incineration mode based on the kiln head temperature of a rotary kiln, which can improve the combustion rate of the rotary kiln to wastes, ensure that the ignition rate of ash is qualified and cannot damage the rotary kiln.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the incineration method based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln comprises the following steps:
storing the waste to be treated in a storage workshop according to different types and properties according to rules;
observing and collecting the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln through a display device;
taking different types of wastes from a stock workshop according to a certain proportion, crushing and mixing the wastes, and then grabbing the wastes by a grab bucket and adding the wastes into a rotary kiln by a feeder;
the waste forms slag after passing through a drying section, a burning section and a burnout section in the rotary kiln, and then is discharged out of the kiln;
and calculating the ignition loss rate of the generated slag according to the weight loss condition.
As another embodiment of the present application, the waste is classified according to chemical characteristics thereof, including calorific value, content of harmful elements, reactivity, including ignition point of the waste.
As another example of the present application, in measuring the ignition point of wastes, an ignition test is performed by an alcohol lamp or a burning point measuring instrument, the degree of difficulty of ignition is determined according to the length of ignition time, and it is classified into three types of high, medium and low combustion values according to the length of time required to reach the ignition point.
As another embodiment of the application, when the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln is 500-700 ℃, the high combustion value, the medium combustion value and the low combustion value are mixed and grabbed according to the proportion of 1:1:1, and then combustion is carried out.
As another embodiment of the application, when the temperature of the kiln head of the rotary kiln is reduced to 400-500 ℃, the proportion of the waste with low combustion value is increased.
As another embodiment of the application, when the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln is raised to 700-800 ℃, the proportion of the waste with high combustion value is increased.
As another embodiment of the application, after the proportion of the low-combustion-value waste is improved, the kiln head combustion materials become more, and the kiln head temperature is improved, so that the drying section and the combustion section of the waste with a high ignition point move forwards in the rotary kiln, the waste enters the slag scraper at the burnout section, and the burn-off rate is guaranteed to be qualified.
As another embodiment of this application, after improving the ratio of high combustion value waste, kiln hood burning material becomes fewly, makes kiln hood temperature reduce, then makes the stoving section, the burning section, the burn-out section of material burning move backward in the rotary kiln, avoids burning overtemperature.
As another embodiment of the application, when the waste is sufficient, the targeted material proportioning is carried out according to the current kiln head temperature, so that the production yield and the qualified slag ignition loss rate are ensured.
As another embodiment of the application, when the waste is insufficient, if the high-combustion-value materials are more, auxiliary fuel is used to increase the temperature of the kiln head; when the amount of the materials with low combustion value is large, auxiliary facilities are used to reduce the temperature of the kiln head.
The burning mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln has the advantages that,
1. the unqualified slag caused by disjointing of the material condition and the actual combustion condition is solved.
2, the problem of influence on actual yield caused by the extreme condition of low temperature at the kiln head and high temperature at the kiln tail is avoided.
3, avoiding the cost caused by secondary burning of unqualified slag.
4, the incineration process can cope with more complex market environment, and the enterprise competitiveness is increased.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an incineration method based on the temperature of a kiln head of a rotary kiln according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the burning mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln provided by the invention aims to solve the technical problems that the waste combustion rate is low, the burning rate cannot be well ensured and the rotary kiln is locally over-heated and easily damaged in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the incineration method based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln comprises the following steps:
storing the waste to be treated in a storage workshop according to different types and properties according to rules;
observing and collecting the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln through a display device;
taking different types of wastes from a stock workshop according to a certain proportion, crushing and mixing the wastes, and then grabbing the wastes by a grab bucket and adding the wastes into a rotary kiln by a feeder;
the waste forms slag after passing through a drying section, a burning section and a burnout section in the rotary kiln, and then is discharged out of the kiln;
and calculating the ignition loss rate of the generated slag according to the weight loss condition.
In the embodiment, the wastes are detected in advance, classified and stored at intervals, so that appropriate amount and appropriate temperature can be selected for combustion according to different types of wastes, the burn-off rate is qualified, and the rotary kiln equipment cannot be damaged due to high temperature.
The macroscopic combustion of solid matter is roughly divided into three stages: the drying section, the burning section and the burnout section. When the solid matter enters an environment with a certain temperature, firstly, the moisture contained in the solid matter is dried, then the separated volatile matter is combusted and heated, and enters a combustion section, and when the separated gas and the solid combustible matter contained in the solid matter are completely combusted, the gas and the solid combustible matter enter a burnout section.
The rotary kiln is a cylinder with a certain inclination angle, the length of the rotary kiln is between 10 meters and 16 meters, and the hazardous waste combustion is divided into a drying section, a combustion section and an over-burning section according to the length of the materials from one end to the other end. If the length proportion of the three sections is not properly controlled, the dangerous waste is easy to leave the rotary kiln without going to the burnout section, so that the slag ignition loss rate is unqualified. Aiming at the condition that the slag ignition loss rate is not qualified due to the fact that the lengths of the three sections are not proper, the invention introduces a mode that the temperature of the drying section of the rotary kiln and the difficult-to-catch materials are mutually restricted, adjusts the length proportion of the three sections of the combustion process of the waste in the rotary kiln, and leads the waste to be discharged from the kiln at the combustion burning section, thereby ensuring the qualification of the slag ignition loss rate.
As one embodiment of the incineration mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln, the incineration mode is classified according to the chemical characteristics of the waste, wherein the chemical characteristics comprise calorific value, harmful element content and reactivity, and the reactivity comprises the ignition point of the waste.
As an embodiment of the burning mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln provided by the invention, when the ignition point of the waste is measured, an ignition test is carried out by an alcohol lamp or an instrument for measuring the ignition point, the degree of difficulty of ignition is determined according to the ignition time, and the waste is classified into three types of high combustion value, medium combustion value and low combustion value according to the time required for reaching the ignition point from long to short.
In the embodiment, the hazardous wastes are various in types, and the materials are greatly different, so that each new hazardous waste needs to be chemically checked to determine the calorific value, the content of harmful elements, the reactivity and the like, particularly, the ignition difficulty degree needs to be checked, a common alcohol lamp is used for ignition test, the ignition difficulty degree is determined according to the ignition time, and if an instrument for measuring the ignition time is used, an accurate ignition point is preferably obtained. And after the data property is determined, the waste is put into a warehouse for compatibility treatment. And then knowing a temperature interval of the kiln head of the rotary kiln from an operation workshop, namely the temperature interval of a material inlet end, wherein the temperature interval can be divided into low temperature (400-500 ℃), medium temperature (500-700 ℃) and high temperature (700-800 ℃), the specific temperature division is divided according to different processes, and the type and weight of the material to be subjected to compatibility treatment on the day are determined according to the temperature and the existing material information of the storehouse.
As an implementation mode of the burning mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln, when the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln is 500-700 ℃, a high combustion value, a medium combustion value and a low combustion value are mixed according to the proportion of 1:1:1, and then the mixture is burned.
As an implementation mode of the incineration mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln, when the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln is reduced to 400-500 ℃, the proportion of the waste with low combustion value is improved.
As an implementation mode of the incineration mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln, when the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln is raised to 700-800 ℃, the proportion of wastes with high combustion values is improved.
In the embodiment, when the temperature of the kiln head of the rotary kiln is low, the compatibility engineer increases the material compatibility proportion with a low ignition point, and after the compatibility is finished, the materials can be combusted at the first time in the kiln head, so that the temperature of the kiln head is increased, the materials with a high ignition point in the compatible mixed materials can move forward in the rotary kiln in a drying section and a combustion section, and the mixed materials can enter a slag scraping machine in a burnout section; when the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln is at the medium temperature, the combustion condition is reasonable, the combustion condition can be kept continuously, and the proportion of the difficult-to-combust materials is half; when the kiln head temperature is in high temperature, can increase the proportion of compatibility with the high material of ignition point, reduce kiln head temperature, avoid because of the rear end that a large amount of materials caused in the burning of rotary kiln anterior segment and the flue gas that the secondary combustion chamber temperature is not enough arouses exceeds standard, equipment damages, assists the material increase, and kiln head temperature is too high can increase the probability that feed opening material burns in the passageway to the ignition hopper increases the risk. In addition, the damage of kiln head refractory materials is increased and the service life is shortened due to the long-time high temperature. In actual operation, whether the kiln head is positioned in the burnout section can be judged according to the temperature of the kiln tail and the temperature of the secondary combustion chamber, so that the temperature of the kiln head is finely adjusted.
The slag enters a slag scraper through an outlet of the rotary kiln. Unburned gases such as CO, SO2, alkane and other combustible gases are completely combusted continuously in a secondary combustion chamber (about 1100 ℃), and the main components of the flue gas are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride, smoke dust and other substances. The flue gas is subjected to heat exchange by a waste heat boiler, water cooling is carried out, the temperature of the outlet flue gas is reduced to 550 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas is further reduced by a water spraying quenching tower, then dry deacidification is carried out by a circulating fluidized bed, dioxin and the like are removed by activated carbon, fly ash and slaked lime, activated carbon and the like added by the circulating fluidized bed are removed by a bag-type dust remover, and then alkali liquor is sprayed into the circulating fluidized bed to carry out two-stage deacidification by a washing tower and a deacidification tower so as to neutralize acid gas. And discharging the waste gas through a flue gas heater, a draught fan and a chimney. The induced draft fan is a power device of the whole system, and negative pressure exists in the whole process.
As an implementation mode of the incineration mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln, after the proportion of the low-combustion-value waste is increased, the kiln head temperature can be increased due to the fact that the kiln head burns more materials at the first time, so that the drying section and the combustion section of the waste with high ignition point move forwards in the rotary kiln, the waste enters a slag scraper at the burnout section, and the burn-off rate is guaranteed to be qualified.
As an implementation mode of the burning mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln, after the proportion of the high-combustion-value waste is improved, the kiln head temperature is gradually reduced because the kiln head burning materials are reduced in the first time, so that a drying section, a burning section and a burnout section of material burning move backwards in the rotary kiln, and the problems that the front-end large-batch burning is over-high in temperature, the rear-end materials are insufficient, the temperature is insufficient, the production yield is influenced, the service life of equipment is prolonged and the like are solved.
As an implementation mode of the incineration mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln, when the waste is sufficient, the targeted material proportioning is carried out according to the current kiln head temperature, and the production yield and the qualified rate of slag ignition loss are ensured.
As an implementation mode of the burning mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln, when the materials are insufficient, if the materials with high combustion value are more, auxiliary fuel can be used to improve the kiln head temperature, so that the kiln head temperature is suitable for the condition of high combustion value material proportion; when the amount of the low-combustion-value materials is large, auxiliary facilities can be used to reduce the temperature of the kiln head, so that the kiln head is suitable for the condition of low-combustion-value material proportion.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The burning mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln is characterized by comprising the following steps:
storing the waste to be treated in a storage workshop according to different types and properties according to rules;
classifying according to chemical characteristics of the waste, wherein the chemical characteristics comprise calorific value, harmful element content and reactivity, and the reactivity comprises ignition point of the waste;
when the ignition point of the waste is measured, an ignition test is carried out by an alcohol lamp or an ignition point measuring instrument, the degree of difficulty of ignition is determined according to the ignition time, and the waste is classified into a high combustion value, a medium combustion value and a low combustion value according to the time for reaching the ignition point from long to short;
observing and collecting the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln through a display device;
taking different types of wastes from a stock workshop according to a certain proportion, crushing and mixing the wastes, and then grabbing the wastes by a grab bucket and adding the wastes into a rotary kiln by a feeder;
when the temperature of the kiln head of the rotary kiln is 500-700 ℃, carrying out ingredient grabbing on a high combustion value, a medium combustion value and a low combustion value according to the proportion of 1:1:1, and then carrying out combustion;
when the temperature of the kiln head of the rotary kiln is reduced to 400-500 ℃, improving the proportion of the waste with low combustion value;
when the temperature of the kiln head of the rotary kiln is raised to 700-800 ℃, improving the proportion of the waste with high combustion value;
the waste forms slag after passing through a drying section, a burning section and a burnout section in the rotary kiln, and then is discharged out of the kiln;
and calculating the ignition loss rate of the generated slag according to the weight loss condition.
2. The rotary kiln head temperature-based incineration mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the proportion of the low combustion value waste is increased, the kiln head combustion materials become more, and the kiln head temperature is increased, so that the drying section and the combustion section of the waste with high ignition point are moved forward in the rotary kiln, the waste enters the slag scraper at the burnout section, and the burn-off rate is guaranteed to be qualified.
3. The rotary kiln head temperature-based incineration mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the proportion of the high combustion value waste is increased, the kiln head combustion materials are reduced, the kiln head temperature is reduced, and then the drying section, the combustion section and the burnout section of material combustion are moved backwards in the rotary kiln, so that the combustion overtemperature is avoided.
4. The incineration mode based on the kiln head temperature of the rotary kiln as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that when the waste is sufficient, the targeted material proportioning is performed according to the current kiln head temperature, so that the production yield and the qualified slag ignition loss rate are ensured.
5. The rotary kiln head temperature-based incineration mode as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that when the waste is insufficient, if the high-combustion-value material is abundant, auxiliary fuel is used to increase the kiln head temperature; when the amount of the materials with low combustion value is large, auxiliary facilities are used to reduce the temperature of the kiln head.
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