CN111119996A - Method for preventing water burst and sand burst in coal mining - Google Patents
Method for preventing water burst and sand burst in coal mining Download PDFInfo
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- CN111119996A CN111119996A CN201911389368.0A CN201911389368A CN111119996A CN 111119996 A CN111119996 A CN 111119996A CN 201911389368 A CN201911389368 A CN 201911389368A CN 111119996 A CN111119996 A CN 111119996A
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000606860 Pasteurella Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013316 zoning Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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Abstract
A water burst and sand bursting prevention and control method for coal mining comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: acquiring various geological parameters before coal mining; step two: predicting the height H of a water flowing fractured zone of coal mining before coal mining; step three: classifying water burst and sand burst conditions before coal mining; classification into 3 classes; step four: pretreating a sand layer before coal mining; step five: monitoring underground water of a sand bed and a potential water and sand bursting channel in the coal mining process; step six: preventing and treating water inrush and sand bursting delay after coal mining; step seven: the coal resources are mined, and water burst and sand burst accidents do not occur; the invention is based on the systematic differentiation partition management principle and mode, and has the advantages of simplicity, easy implementation, pertinence and good safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine geology, and has a cross with the technical field of mining engineering and safety engineering, in particular to a water burst and sand burst prevention method for coal mining.
Background
The shallow coal mining in China is mostly affected by water burst and sand burst, which causes casualties and huge economic loss. Therefore, coal mining must be carried out for water burst and sand burst prevention.
The method has the advantages of more coal mines for preventing and controlling water inrush, more hidden water inrush and sand inrush hazards, complex occurrence mechanism and often neglected, and specifically has the following problems:
1) most of coal mining water burst and sand burst are passively prevented, namely, the prevention is carried out after a disaster happens, so that certain loss is caused;
2) the water burst and sand bursting during coal mining are also actively prevented and controlled, but the difference of specific analysis conditions is avoided, and the treatment cost is huge by adopting the same method;
3) the water burst and sand burst are often sudden, monitoring measures are lacked, and the safety is poor;
4) grouting is mostly adopted for water burst and sand bursting prevention, but grouting is more traditional, and the effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a coal mining water inrush and sand bursting prevention and control method which is based on a systematic differentiation zoning treatment principle and mode and has the advantages of simplicity, easiness in implementation, pertinence and good safety.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a water burst and sand bursting prevention and control method for coal mining comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining various geological parameters before coal mining, and obtaining the thickness m of the coal bed from a drilling histogram1Thickness m of rock covered on coal seam2Thickness m of cohesive soil covering the rock3Thickness m of sand layer covering on cohesive soil4Acquiring a permeability coefficient K of the sand layer through a water pumping experiment, and sampling and testing the sand layer to obtain saturated severe gamma sat;
step two: predicting the height H of a coal mining water flowing fractured zone before coal mining, wherein the H is calculated according to the following formula:
H＝100m1÷(1.6m1+3.6)+5.6；
step three: classifying water burst and sand burst conditions before coal mining: classified into 3 types, the 1 st type being (m)2+m3) H is more than or equal to 40 meters; class 2 is (m)2+m3)-H<40 m, and m4Less than or equal to 3 meters; class 3 is(m2+m3)-H<40 m, and m4>3 m;
step four: pretreating a sand layer before coal mining: type 1 conditions were not treated; under the type 2 condition, drilling holes in the ground, stopping drilling when the holes reach a sand bed bottom plate, wherein the hole diameter of each hole is 20-91 mm, the distance between every two adjacent holes is less than 5m, and slurry injected through the holes contains basalt fibers, fly ash and cement, wherein the mass ratio of the basalt fibers to the fly ash is 1: 2-3, the basalt fibers to the fly ash account for 10% -20% of the total mass, and the water-cement ratio in the cement is 1: 1-2; under the type 3 condition, water guide drilling is carried out on the upstream of the underground water of the sand bed under the type 3 condition, the drilling stops when the bottom plate of the sand bed is reached, the hole diameter of the drilling is 108-230 mm, and gravels are filled in the water guide drilling; in addition, a water guiding ditch is arranged at the upstream of the surface catchment under the type 3 condition, and the water guiding ditch guides the surface water out of the type 3 condition area.
Step five: monitoring the underground water of a sand layer and a potential water and sand bursting channel in the coal mining process: monitoring potential water burst and sand burst channels under the 3 types of conditions; the existing micro-seismic monitoring system is adopted for monitoring potential water burst and sand bursting channels, the target layer of micro-seismic monitoring is rock and cohesive soil between a coal bed and a sand layer, and the micro-seismic monitoring range is that the coal mining direction advances by 100-300 meters; when the number of the microseismic times in the monitoring range is more than 30, stopping coal mining, drilling 3-5 holes in an area formed by microseismic event occurrence points, performing underground drilling, grouting through the implemented holes, wherein the grouting is cement, the grouting ending pressure is more than 2.5MPa, and continuously mining coal after grouting;
monitoring sand bed underground water under the type 3 condition by using a drilling flow velocity and flow direction instrument, wherein the monitoring range is that the coal mining direction advances by 50-100 meters, the underground water flow velocity measured by the instrument is V, and the actual hydraulic gradient I is V/K according to the permeability coefficient K; when I is larger than or equal to Ic multiplied by Kc, wherein Kc is a safety factor and is 0.8-0.9, Ic is a critical hydraulic gradient, and Ic is gammasat÷γw-1, wherein γwThe specific gravity of water is adopted, and the coal mining speed is improved; when I is<When Ic is multiplied by Kc, the normal mining speed is kept; stopping coal mining when I is more than or equal to IcPumping water through a water guide drilling hole implemented at the upper stream of the groundwater in the sand layer until the water is pumped to the water level I<Continuing to mine coal at Ic × Kc;
in addition, pressure-equalizing ventilation is adopted in the areas with the conditions of the type 2 and the type 3, so that the air leakage rate is reduced to the minimum;
step six: prevention and control of water inrush and sand bursting delay after coal mining: after coal mining is finished, grouting is carried out at the position of a cut hole and a mining stopping line of a coal face, and injected slurry is conventional cement slurry; in addition, microbial slurry is injected into the sand layer in the range of 50-100 meters before and after the coal face is cut and stoped along the coal face trend direction, the slurry comprises Papanicolaou bacillus liquid and nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is urea and CaCl2The mass ratio of the solution, the nutrient solution and the pasteurella bacillus liquid is 2-3: 1, and urea and CaCl are added2The mass ratio of the solution is 1: 1-2; the standard of the end of grouting is the actually measured hydraulic gradient I after grouting<Ic×Kc；
Step seven: the coal resources are exploited, and water burst and sand burst accidents do not occur.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1) the method is simple and easy to implement; 2) classifying the conditions of water burst and sand bursting, and having pertinence in prevention and treatment; 3) the water burst and sand burst in the coal mining process are monitored, so that the outburst of disasters is reduced; 4) the grouting material has the components for preventing water and sand from gushing, and is good in safety.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
A No. 2 coal seam is mined in a certain mine, a rock, cohesive soil and a sand layer are covered on the No. 2 coal seam of the 2203 coal mining working face, a water inrush sand inrush accident is easy to happen due to the fact that the thickness of the rock is limited when the No. 2 coal seam is mined, and in order to prevent the water inrush sand inrush accident, the following steps are taken to prevent and control the water inrush sand inrush accident with reference to the figure 1:
the method comprises the following steps: and obtaining geological parameters of all regions before coal mining. Obtaining coal seam thickness m from drilling histogram13 m above the coal bedThickness m of the rock covered218 m, the thickness of cohesive soil covered on the rock360-80 m, the thickness of the sand layer covered on the cohesive soil42-20 m. The permeability coefficient K of the sand layer is 0.72m/d through a water pumping experiment. The sand layer sampling test shows that the saturation gravity gamma sat is 20.2kN/m3。
Step two: and (4) predicting the height H of the water flowing fractured zone of coal mining before coal mining. H is calculated according to the following formula:
H＝100m1÷(1.6m1+3.6) +5.6 ═ 41.31 m.
Step three: classifying water burst and sand burst conditions before coal mining. Classified into 3 types, the 1 st type being (m)2+m3) H is more than or equal to 40 meters; class 2 is (m)2+m3)-H<40 m, and m4Less than or equal to 3 meters; class 3 is (m)2+m3)-H<40 m, and m4>3 meters. The 2203 face runs along the coal face with a category 1 condition zone of 345 meters, a category 2 condition zone of 303 meters, and a category 3 condition zone of 287 meters.
Step four: the sand bed is pretreated before coal mining. Type 1 conditions were not treated; and under the condition of the type 2, drilling holes in the ground, stopping drilling until the sand bed bottom plate is reached, wherein the hole diameter of each drilling hole is 20-91 mm, the distance between every two adjacent drilling holes is less than 5m, and slurry injected through the drilling holes contains basalt fibers, fly ash and cement, wherein the mass ratio of the basalt fibers to the fly ash is 1: 2-1: 3, the basalt fibers to the fly ash account for 10-20% of the total mass, and the cement contains 1: 1-1: 2 of water and cement. And under the 3 rd condition, water guide drilling is carried out on the upstream of the underground water of the sand layer under the 3 rd condition, the drilling stops when the bottom plate of the sand layer is reached, the hole diameter of the drilling is 108-230 mm, and gravels are filled in the water guide drilling. In addition, a water guiding ditch is arranged at the upstream of the surface catchment under the type 3 condition, and the water guiding ditch guides the surface water out of the type 3 condition area.
Step five: and (3) monitoring the underground water of the sand bed and potential water and sand bursting channels in the coal mining process. And 3 types of conditions are adopted, and potential water burst and sand burst channel monitoring is carried out. A microseismic monitoring system is adopted for monitoring a potential water burst and sand bursting channel. The target horizon for microseismic monitoring is rock and cohesive soil between a coal bed and a sand layer. The micro-seismic monitoring range is that the coal mining direction advances by 100-300 meters. And stopping coal mining when the number of the microseismic times is more than 30 within the monitoring range of 2 times, drilling 3-5 holes in the region formed by the microseismic event occurrence points, performing underground drilling, grouting through the implemented holes, injecting grout, wherein the pressure of grouting is more than 2.5MPa, and continuing to develop coal after grouting. The sand bed groundwater under 3 rd type condition is monitored, and the control adopts drilling velocity of flow to flow direction appearance, and monitoring range is 50 ~ 100 meters for coal mining direction advance, and the groundwater velocity of flow through the instrument survey is V, can obtain water conservancy slope I according to K ═ V ÷ K. Ic is 1.06, Kc is 0.8, 287 m 3-type condition area has 208 m area I < Ic × Kc, normal coal mining; the coal mining speed is improved by 10 to 30 percent, and the coal mining speed is quickly pushed through the areas with the area Ic > I of 59 meters being more than or equal to Ic multiplied by Kc; and stopping coal mining when the I of the area of 20 meters is more than or equal to Ic, and pumping water through a water guide drilling hole implemented on the upstream of the groundwater of the sand bed until the I is less than Ic multiplied by Kc, and continuing to recover the coal. In addition, pressure-equalizing ventilation is adopted in the areas of the type 2 and the type 3 conditions, so that the air leakage rate is reduced to the minimum.
Step six: the prevention and treatment of water inrush and sand bursting delay after coal mining. And after coal mining is finished, grouting is carried out at the cut hole and the mining stopping line of the coal mining working face, and the injected grout is conventional cement grout. In addition, microbial slurry is injected into the sand layer in the range of 50-100 meters before and after the coal face is cut and stoped along the coal face trend direction, the slurry comprises Papanicolaou bacillus liquid and nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is urea and CaCl2The mass ratio of the solution, the nutrient solution and the pasteurella bacillus liquid is 2: 1-3: 1, and urea and CaCl are added2The mass ratio of the solution is 1: 1-1: 2.
Step seven: the coal resources are exploited, and water burst and sand burst accidents do not occur.
The operation principle is as follows:
the coal mining causes water burst and sand burst to meet 3 conditions, one aspect is to have a sand layer, the second aspect is to have hydrodynamic force, and the third aspect is to have a channel for water burst and sand burst. Therefore, the coal mining water inrush and sand inrush conditions were classified by 3 under consideration of the sand layer and the channel of water inrush and sand inrush (water diversion fractured zone formed by coal mining). In the type 1, because the channel development of water burst and sand burst is limited, but due to the limitation of the existing exploration technology, a potential water burst and sand burst channel (such as an invisible fault) may exist, and therefore, in the coal mining process, a leading stress concentration area (100-300 meters is a non-mine pressure area, if a large number of microseismic events exist, the existence of the potential channel is indicated, and the related hidden danger can be eliminated through grouting treatment). The 2 nd type has the passageway of a certain gushing water ulcerate sand, but sand bed thickness less than or equal to 3 meters, and sand bed thickness is less, can punch the slip casting very easily during the preliminary treatment, and does not need the lower sleeve pipe, because 3 meters in sand bed have certain self stability. The pretreatment under the type 2 condition can be used for grouting reinforcement, the scouring resistance can be improved by adding basalt fibers, and the strength of later-stage cement can be improved by using fly ash, so that hydrodynamic force can be effectively resisted. The 3 rd type has gushing water and bursting sand passageway again, also has the sand bed, and sand bed thickness is great, has certain degree of difficulty through consolidating the sand bed this moment, consequently mainly prevents and treats gushing water and bursting sand through controlling water dynamic force. In the pretreatment stage, the possibility of water burst and sand burst can be reduced through the control of underground water and surface water. In the monitoring stage of mining, 50-100 meters are areas affected by coal mining, and according to the mine pressure theory, the mining area is a stretching area, the channel is developed very, and the hydrodynamic conditions need to be strictly monitored. When the hydrodynamic force is in the near stage, the area is thrown to a compaction area through rapid mining, the water inrush and sand inrush is effectively controlled, when the channel and the hydrodynamic force conditions reach critical conditions, only the mining can be stopped, and a method for reducing the hydrodynamic force is adopted to control the water inrush and sand inrush. After the coal seam is mined, no monitoring condition exists, only a potential channel for water burst and sand burst exists near a cutting hole and a mining stopping line, so that grouting treatment is needed, but the conventional cement slurry is high in setting speed, but a goaf still has an unstable stage, and cement is easy to break secondarily after being set, so that microbial grouting is adopted, microbial reinforcement is controllable, and the goal of preventing water burst and sand burst can be achieved by repairing in real time in the unstable stage.
Claims (3)
1. A coal mining water inrush and sand bursting prevention and control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: obtaining various geological parameters before coal mining: obtaining coal seam thickness m from drilling histogram1Thickness m of rock covered on coal seam2Thickness m of cohesive soil covering the rock3Thickness m of sand layer covering on cohesive soil4Acquiring a permeability coefficient K of the sand layer through a water pumping experiment, and sampling and testing the sand layer to obtain saturated severe gamma sat;
step two: predicting the height H of a coal mining water flowing fractured zone before coal mining: h is calculated according to the following formula: h100 m1÷(1.6m1+3.6)+5.6
Step three: classifying water burst and sand burst conditions before coal mining: classified into 3 types, the 1 st type being (m)2+m3) H is more than or equal to 40 meters; class 2 is (m)2+m3)-H<40 m, and m4Less than or equal to 3 meters; class 3 is (m)2+m3)-H<40 m, and m4>3 m;
step four: pretreating a sand layer before coal mining: type 1 conditions were not treated; under the type 2 condition, drilling holes in the ground, stopping drilling when the holes reach a sand bed bottom plate, wherein the hole diameter of each hole is 20-91 mm, the distance between every two adjacent holes is less than 5m, and slurry injected through the holes contains basalt fibers, fly ash and cement, wherein the mass ratio of the basalt fibers to the fly ash is 1: 2-3, the basalt fibers to the fly ash account for 10% -20% of the total mass, and the water-cement ratio in the cement is 1: 1-2; under the type 3 condition, water guide drilling is carried out on the upstream of the underground water of the sand bed under the type 3 condition, the drilling stops when the bottom plate of the sand bed is reached, the hole diameter of the drilling is 108-230 mm, and gravels are filled in the water guide drilling; in addition, a water guiding ditch is arranged at the upstream of the surface catchment under the 3 rd condition, and the water guiding ditch guides the surface water out of the 3 rd condition area;
step five: monitoring the underground water of a sand layer and a potential water and sand bursting channel in the coal mining process: monitoring potential water burst and sand burst channels under the 3 types of conditions; the existing micro-seismic monitoring system is adopted for monitoring the potential water burst and sand bursting channel; the target horizon of microseismic monitoring is rock and cohesive soil between a coal bed and a sand bed; the micro-seismic monitoring range is that the coal mining direction advances by 100-300 meters; when the number of the microseismic times in the monitoring range is more than 30, stopping coal mining, drilling 3-5 holes in an area formed by microseismic event occurrence points, performing underground drilling, grouting through the implemented holes, wherein the grouting is cement, the grouting ending pressure is more than 2.5MPa, and continuously mining coal after grouting;
step six: prevention and control of water inrush and sand bursting delay after coal mining: after coal mining is finished, grouting is carried out at the position of a cut hole and a mining stopping line of a coal face, and injected slurry is conventional cement slurry; in addition, microbial slurry is injected into the sand layer in the range of 50-100 meters before and after the coal face is cut and stoped along the coal face trend direction, the slurry comprises Papanicolaou bacillus liquid and nutrient solution, and the nutrient solution is urea and CaCl2The mass ratio of the solution, the nutrient solution and the pasteurella bacillus liquid is 2-3: 1, and urea and CaCl are added2The mass ratio of the solution is 1: 1-2; the standard of the end of grouting is the actually measured hydraulic gradient I after grouting<Ic×Kc；
Step seven: coal resources are exploited.
2. The method for preventing water bursting and sand bursting in coal mining according to claim 1,
in the fifth step, sand bed groundwater under the type 3 condition is monitored, a drilling flow velocity and flow direction instrument is adopted for monitoring, the monitoring range is that the coal mining direction advances by 50-100 meters, the groundwater flow velocity measured by the instrument is V, and the actual hydraulic gradient I is V/K according to the permeability coefficient K; when I is larger than or equal to Ic multiplied by Kc, wherein Kc is a safety factor and is 0.8-0.9, Ic is a critical hydraulic gradient, and Ic is gammasat÷γw-1, wherein γwThe specific gravity of water is adopted, and the coal mining speed is improved; when I is<When Ic is multiplied by Kc, the normal mining speed is kept; stopping mining coal when I is more than or equal to Ic, and pumping water through a water guide drilling hole implemented at the upstream of the groundwater of the sand bed until I is more than or equal to Ic<Ic × Kc began to continue mining coal.
3. A coal mining water bursting and sand bursting control method as claimed in claim 1 wherein in step five, pressure equalization ventilation is used in the type 2 and type 3 conditioned areas.
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| CN111550288A (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2020-08-18 | 陕西煤业化工技术研究院有限责任公司 | Method for monitoring water burst and sand burst disasters |
| CN111764960A (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2020-10-13 | 六盘水师范学院 | Coal mining separation layer water damage prevention and control method |
| CN111764960B (en) * | 2020-08-17 | 2021-11-12 | 六盘水师范学院 | Coal mining separation layer water damage prevention and control method |
| CN112881627A (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2021-06-01 | 六盘水师范学院 | Coal mine water inrush source distinguishing method based on microorganism test |
| CN112881627B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-09-27 | 六盘水师范学院 | Coal mine water inrush source distinguishing method based on microorganism test |
| CN114370266A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-04-19 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | Ground detection method, device and equipment for grouting effect of coal seam floor and storage medium |
| CN114370266B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2023-10-03 | 中国煤炭地质总局勘查研究总院 | Ground detection method, device, equipment and storage medium for grouting effect of coal seam floor |
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