CN111119856B - Inversion method of natural formation deflecting characteristics based on actual drilling data - Google Patents
Inversion method of natural formation deflecting characteristics based on actual drilling data Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/02—Determining slope or direction
- E21B47/022—Determining slope or direction of the borehole, e.g. using geomagnetism
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
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Abstract
The invention provides a stratum natural deflecting characteristic inversion method based on actual drilling data, which comprises the following steps: acquiring inclination measurement data of a real drilling track by using a measurement while drilling instrument; determining the well inclination change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track along the well depth under a specific model based on the inclination measurement data, and obtaining the change rule of the well inclination angle according to the well inclination change rate; acquiring a tool build-up rate and a tool face angle change rule of a deflecting tool along the well depth by utilizing a drill string mechanical characteristic analysis method based on historical actual drilling data, wherein the tool build-up rate and the tool face angle are used for representing the directional deflecting characteristic of the deflecting tool; and reversely performing the stratum slope and the stratum azimuth of the area where the well is drilled based on the directional deviation characteristics and the well slope change rate and azimuth change rate of the well track along the well depth to represent the influence of the natural deviation characteristics of the stratum on the well slope change rate and azimuth change rate of the well track, and further determining the natural deviation capability of the stratum of the area where the well is drilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil-gas well engineering, in particular to a stratum natural deflection characteristic inversion method based on actual drilling data.
Background
The stratum has anisotropy and natural deflecting characteristics. The natural deflecting characteristic of the stratum exists objectively and can only be effectively utilized but cannot be controlled. The research on the natural deviation rule of the stratum has important significance on the design, monitoring and control of the well track. In the aspect of well track design, three-dimensional drift track design can be carried out based on the natural deviation rule of the stratum, so that drilling and target centering can be realized by utilizing the natural deviation rule of the stratum. The method can reduce the operation of twisting azimuth, is beneficial to the rapid drilling under large drilling pressure, improves the well quality and reduces the drilling cost. In the aspect of borehole trajectory prediction and control, the natural deviation rule of the stratum is a precondition, and the natural deviation rule of the stratum must be obtained in advance to effectively predict and control the borehole trajectory.
However, at present, only the anisotropy of the stratum can be evaluated, and no method for acquiring the natural deviation rule of the stratum exists. Therefore, there is a need to solve the technical problem to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of wellbore trajectory design, monitoring and control.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a stratum natural deflection characteristic inversion method based on actual drilling data, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring inclination measurement data of a real drilling track by using a measurement while drilling instrument, wherein the inclination measurement data comprises well depth, a well inclination angle and an azimuth angle;
determining the well deviation change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track along the well depth under a specific model based on the inclination measurement data, and obtaining the change rule of the well deviation angle according to the well deviation change rate;
acquiring a tool build-up rate and a tool face angle change rule of a deflecting tool along the well depth by utilizing a drill string mechanical characteristic analysis method based on historical actual drilling data, wherein the tool build-up rate and the tool face angle are used for representing the directional deflecting characteristic of the deflecting tool;
and reversely producing the stratum slope and the stratum azimuth of the region where the well is drilled based on the directional deflecting characteristic and the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track along the well depth to represent the influence of the natural deflecting characteristic of the stratum on the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track, and further determine the natural deflecting capability of the stratum of the region where the well is drilled.
According to the inversion method of the natural deviation characteristics of the stratum based on the actual drilling data, preferably, in the step of determining the well deviation change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track along the well depth under a specific model based on the inclination measurement data, the specific model comprises a space circular arc model and a natural curve model, and the expression forms of a general well deviation change rate equation and an azimuth change rate equation are as follows:
wherein L is the well depth in units: rice; kappa α Well deviation rate, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ Rate of change of orientation, (°)/30 meters;
integrating the well deviation change rate equation to obtain a well deviation angle change rule of the predicted well section:
wherein
α A ＝α(L A )
In the formula: α is the angle of the well, (°); subscript A represents well interval [ L ] A ，L B ]At the beginning of (A), i.e. at a well depth of L A 。
According to the inversion method of the natural formation whipstock characteristics based on the actual drilling data, preferably, in the step of obtaining the tool whipstock ratio of the whipstock tool and the change rule of the tool face angle along the well depth by using a drill string mechanical characteristic analysis method based on the historical actual drilling data, the tool whipstock ratio and the change rule of the tool face angle along the well depth are expressed according to the following equations:
wherein, κ t Build slope for tool, (°)/30 meters; omega t Tool face angle, (°); the subscript t denotes the drill.
According to the inversion method of the natural formation deflecting characteristics based on actual drilling data, preferably, the tool well slope and the tool azimuth are obtained based on the tool deflecting rate and the change rule of the tool face angle along the well depth:
in the formula: kappa α,t Is the tool well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ,t Is a stand forThe tool orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
According to the inversion method of the natural formation deviation characteristics based on actual drilling data of the present invention, preferably, in the step of inverting the formation well slope and the formation azimuth of the area where the drilling is located based on the tool well slope, the tool azimuth, and the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track along the well depth, so as to represent the influence of the natural formation deviation characteristics on the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track, the formation well slope and the formation azimuth are expressed as the following equations:
in the formula: kappa type α,f Is the slope of the formation, (°)/30 m; kappa type φ,f Is the formation orientation rate, (°)/30 meters.
Therefore, the contribution of the natural deviation characteristics of the stratum to the change rate of the well deviation and the change rate of the azimuth can be represented according to the influence degree and the law of the natural deviation characteristics of the stratum to the change rate of the well deviation and the change rate of the azimuth. Obviously, the greater the rate of change of well deviation and the rate of change of azimuth resulting from the natural deviation of the formation, the stronger the natural deviation capability of the formation.
The invention establishes an inversion method of the natural deviation characteristic of the stratum by using the actual well track data of the drilled well, provides necessary basic data for well track design, monitoring and control, and solves the problem that the natural deviation characteristic and rule of the stratum are difficult to obtain. The inversion method of the natural characteristics of the stratum can be used for the design and construction of various wells with complex structures such as directional wells, horizontal wells, extended reach wells and the like, is suitable for various drilling modes such as sliding steering, rotary steering, composite steering and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
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The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for inversion of natural formation whiplash characteristics according to the invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a stratum natural deflecting characteristic inversion method based on actual drilling data, which mainly adopts the technical idea that: although the natural formation deflection characteristics are related to many factors such as the inclination angle and the trend of a geological structure and the anisotropy of a formation rock mass, the influence of the natural formation deflection characteristics of the underlying formation on the well track is reflected as well inclination angle and azimuth angle changes. Because the well track is the result of the combined action of the deflecting tool and the stratum rock mass, the natural deflecting characteristic of the stratum can be obtained by eliminating the action effect of the deflecting tool from the space form of the well track.
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a method for inversion of natural formation whiplash characteristics according to the invention. As shown in FIG. 1, in step S1, inclinometry data for a wellbore trajectory is acquired. Specifically, the inclinometer data of the actual drilling track is acquired by using the measurement while drilling instrument. These inclinometry data include well depth L, well inclination angle α, azimuth angle φ, and the like. And then, obtaining borehole trajectory data of a series of measuring points based on the inclination measurement data such as the well depth L, the well inclination angle alpha, the azimuth angle phi and the like.
Next, in step S2, the well deviation change rate and the azimuth change rate are calculated. Specifically, the well inclination change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track along the well depth are determined under a specific model based on the inclination measurement data obtained in the step S1, and the change rule of the well inclination is obtained according to the well inclination change rate.
In one embodiment of the invention, the well deviation change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track and the change rule of the well deviation change rate and the azimuth change rate along with the well depth are determined based on modeling methods such as a space circular arc, a natural curve and the like. The general expression for the rate of change of well deviation and the rate of change of azimuth is:
in the formula: l is well depth, unit: rice; kappa type α Well deviation rate, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ Is the rate of change of orientation, (°)/30 meters.
According to the definition of the well inclination change rate, a well inclination angle equation can be obtained through integration, so that the change rule of the well inclination angle is as follows:
in the formula: α is the angle of the well, (°); subscript a is the beginning of the calculated interval.
Next, in step S4, directional whiplash characteristics of the whiplash tool are acquired. Specifically, the tool build-up rate of the deflecting tool and the change rule of the tool face angle along the well depth are obtained by utilizing a drill string mechanical characteristic analysis method based on historical actual drilling data. Wherein the tool build rate and the tool face angle are used to characterize directional build characteristics of the build tool. The tool build rate is used to characterize the build capability, the tool face angle is used to characterize the tool pose, and the tool pose determines the orientation direction.
Based on actual drilling data, the deflecting rate of the deflecting tool can be calculated by utilizing a drill string mechanical characteristic analysis method, and a tool face angle can be obtained by utilizing a measurement while drilling instrument. Thus, the tool build rate and tool face angle variation along the depth of the well can be expressed as:
in the formula: kappa t (ii) is the tool build rate, (°)/30 meters; omega t Tool face angle, (°); the subscript t denotes the drill.
Next, in step S5, the contribution of the whipstock to the wellbore trajectory is calculated.
The deflecting tool controls the drill bit to break up rock to form a wellbore trajectory. After determining the tool build rate k t And tool face angle omega t The rate of change of well slope and the rate of change of azimuth produced by the whipstock tool are expressed in terms of the tool well slope and the tool azimuth, as follows:
in the formula: kappa α,t For tool well deviation, (°)/30 meters; kappa type φ,t Is the tool orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
And S6, calculating the natural deflecting characteristic of the stratum. The well track is the combined action result of the deflecting tool and the stratum, and the action effect of the deflecting tool on the well track is eliminated, so that the contribution of the natural deflection of the stratum to the well track can be obtained. Thus, the contribution of the formation's natural kick-off characteristics to the rate of change of well slope and the rate of change of azimuth is expressed in terms of the formation's well slope and the formation's azimuth as follows:
in the formula: kappa α,f Is the formation well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ,f Is the formation orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
Therefore, the contribution of the natural deviation characteristics of the stratum to the change rate of the well deviation and the change rate of the azimuth can be represented according to the influence degree and the law of the natural deviation characteristics of the stratum to the change rate of the well deviation and the change rate of the azimuth. Obviously, the greater the rate of change of well deviation and the rate of change of azimuth resulting from the natural deflection of the formation, the stronger the natural deflection capability of the formation.
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples. The scope of the invention is not limited by the examples, which are set forth in the following claims.
The actual wellbore trajectory and tool directional whiplash characteristic data for a given well are shown in table 1. According to the technical scheme and the implementation steps of the invention, the calculation step length is selected to be 10 meters, and the natural deviation characteristic result of the stratum obtained through inversion is shown in a table 2.
TABLE 1 actual wellbore trajectory and directional drilling tool deflection characteristics of the examples
Table 2 inversion results of natural deviation characteristics of stratum in embodiment
The invention establishes an inversion method of the natural deviation characteristic of the stratum by using the actual well track data of the drilled well, provides necessary basic data for well track design, monitoring and control, and solves the problem that the natural deviation characteristic and rule of the stratum are difficult to obtain. The invention can be used for the design and construction of various wells with complex structures such as directional wells, horizontal wells, extended reach wells and the like, is suitable for various drilling modes such as sliding guide, rotary guide, composite guide and the like, and has wide application prospect.
It is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments of the invention are not limited to the particular structures, process steps, or materials disclosed herein but are extended to equivalents thereof as would be understood by those ordinarily skilled in the relevant arts. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrase "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above description is only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. An inversion method of natural formation deviation characteristics based on actual drilling data is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring inclination measurement data of a real drilling track by using a measurement while drilling instrument, wherein the inclination measurement data comprises well depth, a well inclination angle and an azimuth angle;
determining a well inclination change rate equation and an azimuth change rate equation of the well bore track based on the inclination measurement data, and obtaining a well inclination angle equation from the well inclination change rate equation to represent the change rule of the well inclination change rate, the azimuth change rate and the change rule of the well inclination angle along the well depth, wherein the well inclination angle equation is represented by the following expression according to the integral of the well inclination change rate equation:
wherein alpha is A ＝α(L A ) α is the angle of the well, (°); kappa type α Well deviation rate, (°)/30 meters; subscript A denotes interval [ L A ，L B ]At the beginning of (A), i.e. at a well depth of L A ；
Based on the drilled well data, acquiring a tool build-up rate and a tool face angle by using a drill string mechanical characteristic analysis method and a measurement while drilling instrument to obtain a tool build-up rate equation and a tool face angle equation for representing the directional build-up rate characteristic of a build-up tool and the change rule of the directional build-up rate characteristic along the well depth;
calculating a tool well slope and a tool azimuth based on the well slope angle equation, the tool build rate equation and the tool face angle equation to characterize the contribution of directional build characteristics of the build tool to the well slope rate of change and the azimuth rate of change, wherein the change law of the tool well slope and the tool azimuth rate along the well depth is as follows:
in the formula: kappa type α,t Is the tool well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ,t Is the tool orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters; kappa t (ii) is the tool build rate, (°)/30 meters; omega t Tool face angle, (°); the subscript t denotes the drill;
inverting a stratum well slope and a stratum azimuth based on the directional deflecting characteristics of the deflecting tool and the space deflection form of the well track, and characterizing the influence degree and the law of the natural deflecting characteristics of the stratum on the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track so as to determine the natural deflecting characteristics and the natural deflecting capability of the stratum, wherein the space deflection form is characterized by the well slope change rate and the azimuth change rate of the well track, and the stratum well slope and the stratum azimuth are respectively:
in the formula: kappa α,f Is the formation well slope, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ,f Is the formation orientation ratio, (°)/30 meters.
2. The method of inversion of natural whiplash properties of a formation based on actual drilling data of claim 1, wherein in the step of determining a rate of change of well slope equation and a rate of change of azimuth equation for the wellbore trajectory based on the inclinometry data, the rate of change of well slope equation and the rate of change of azimuth equation are determined based on a modeling method for a wellbore trajectory, wherein wellbore trajectory models include, but are not limited to, a spatial circular arc model, a cylindrical spiral model, and a natural curve model, resulting in a rate of change of well slope equation and a rate of change of azimuth equation of the form:
wherein L is the well depth in units: rice; kappa α Well deviation rate, (°)/30 meters; kappa φ Rate of change of azimuth, (°)/30 meters.
3. The method for inversion of natural whiplash characteristics of a formation based on actual drilling data as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step of obtaining the toolmaking rate and the toolface angle using a drill string mechanical property analysis method and a measurement while drilling instrument based on the drilled data, the toolmaking rate equation and the toolface angle equation are:
wherein, κ t (ii) is the tool build rate, (°)/30 meters; omega t Tool face angle, (°); the subscript t denotes the drill.
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