CN111109469A - Micropterus salmoides feed in different breeding stages and application thereof - Google Patents
Micropterus salmoides feed in different breeding stages and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 241001125889 Micropterus salmoides Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 11
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 78
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 78
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 78
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 claims description 62
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 55
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 40
- 235000006109 methionine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 40
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methionine Chemical compound CSCCC(N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 31
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229960002898 threonine Drugs 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004470 DL Methionine Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000005996 Blood meal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N L-lysine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 27
- 229960005337 lysine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NEGYEDYHPHMHGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-methoxyamphetamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CC(C)N)C=C1 NEGYEDYHPHMHGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(9Z,12Z-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC JLPULHDHAOZNQI-ZTIMHPMXSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 101100129088 Caenorhabditis elegans lys-2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000269799 Perca fluviatilis Species 0.000 description 4
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000269794 Lateolabrax Species 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 208000004930 Fatty Liver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019708 Hepatic steatosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000269795 Lateolabrax japonicus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000192710 Microcystis aeruginosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269800 Percidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000276618 Perciformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000184734 Pyrus japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000022531 anorexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019577 caloric intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 208000010706 fatty liver disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000026109 gonad development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002710 gonadal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000006286 nutrient intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005305 organ development Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000240 steatosis hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/24—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from blood
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Botany (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses micropterus salmoides feed in different culture stages and application thereof, wherein micropterus salmoides culture is divided into a fry stage, a high-temperature stage, a rapid growth stage, a wintering stage, a spawning stage and an old fish high-temperature stage according to culture specifications, culture time, market demands and the like of the micropterus salmoides; according to the stage division of the micropterus salmoides and the research and development results of the micropterus salmoides, the nutrition standards of the micropterus salmoides at different stages are determined, and the problems that the feed standard design at the stage of micropterus salmoides cultivation is unreasonable and the nutrition standards of the micropterus salmoides cultivation under different specifications are not matched can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aquatic feeds, and particularly relates to a micropterus salmoides feed in different culture stages and application thereof.
Background
The Lateolabrax japonicas (fish) is named as Lateolabrax japonicus, belongs to Perciformes, the Sunshima, the Lateolabrax genus, and is introduced into Guangdong of China in 1983, and is successfully bred in 1985, and the bred fry is successively introduced into Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Sichuan, Henan and the like for breeding. Because of strong adaptability and high growth speed, the meat is tender and delicious, is deeply favored by consumers, is well sold in markets at home and abroad, and is called fresh water rocky stain.
The micropterus salmoides culture process only uses feed with one nutrition level, and the nutrition level of the feed is not matched with the nutrition requirements of micropterus salmoides in different culture stages and different specifications. Therefore, the research and development of the feeds for the micropterus salmoides at different stages are of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the nutritional requirement is not matched because only one feed is used in the whole life cycle of the micropterus salmoides, the invention mainly aims to provide the micropterus salmoides feed in different culture stages, the culture of the micropterus salmoides is divided into a fry stage, a high-temperature stage, a rapid growth stage, a wintering stage, a spawning stage and an old fish high-temperature stage according to the culture specification, culture time, market requirements and the like of the micropterus salmoides; according to the stage division of the micropterus salmoides and the research and development results of the micropterus salmoides, the nutrition standards of the micropterus salmoides at different stages are determined, and the problems that the feed standard design at the stage of micropterus salmoides cultivation is unreasonable and the nutrition standards of the micropterus salmoides cultivation under different specifications are not matched can be solved.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the feed in the culture of the micropterus salmoides.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the breeding process of the micropterus salmoides feed in different breeding stages is divided into the following stages according to the specification, breeding time, market demand and the like of the micropterus salmoides: a fry stage, a high-temperature stage, a rapid growth stage, a wintering stage, a spawning stage and an old fish high-temperature stage;
the fry period is from 4 to 6 months of the year, the high temperature period is from 7 to 8 months of the year, the rapid growth period is from 9 to 11 months of the year, the overwintering period is from 11 months to 2 months of the next year, the spawning period is from 3 to 4 months of the year, and the high temperature period of the old fish is from 7 to 8 months of the year;
the larval 4-6 is the breeding stage of the micropterus salmoides fry, so the larval stage is divided into the fry stage. In the fry stage, the fry is small in size, weak in resistance to the outside and easy to cause diseases and death.
The temperature and the water temperature are higher than the optimal growth water temperature of Micropterus salmoides from 7 to 8 months of each year, and the protein conversion efficiency is low; in addition, the culture water environment has large metabolism, insufficient dissolved oxygen and deteriorated water quality, so that the micropterus salmoides has anorexia and slow growth speed. This period is divided into a high temperature period.
In the last 9-11 middle of the month each year, the temperature and the water temperature are suitable for the rapid growth of Micropterus salmoides; in addition, the day and night temperature difference at the stage is large, the water environment is relatively stable, the diseases are few, and the stage is the fastest growth stage of the micropterus salmoides all year round, so the stage is divided into a rapid growth stage.
The air temperature and water temperature are lower in the last 11 months of the year to the last 2 months of the next year, which is called the wintering period. Low temperature can affect growth and ingestion of Micropterus salmoides, resulting in fat loss of Micropterus salmoides.
Perch, California perch will lay eggs 3-4 months of the year, called spawning period. The stage consumes a great amount of nutrients such as protein, mineral elements and vitamins and the like, and the condition of fat loss also exists, but the stage and the overwintering period have difference because of the starvation and fat loss principle.
By 7 months in the middle of each year-8 months in the last year, the California perches are cultured for more than 1 year to reach the standard of coming to the market, and are called old fish, and the stage is also called the high-temperature period of the old fish to be distinguished from the high-temperature period of (new fish).
The feed for the seedling stage comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 62-68 parts of fish meal, 7-9 parts of chicken meal, 2-4 parts of blood meal, 2.78-3.28 parts of cottonseed protein, 2.3-2.7 parts of soybean oil, 3-5 parts of cassava starch, 7-9 parts of flour, 1.8-2.3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 2-3 parts of a healthy type of a micropterus salmoides premix, 0.5-0.7 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.15-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.3-0.7 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of a mildew preventive; the nutritional ingredient content of the feed in the seedling stage is as follows: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 54-55%, the fat is 8.5-9%, the starch is 8-9%, the Lys is 3.4-4.0%, the DL-Met is 1.0-1.5%, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0%;
the feed for micropterus salmoides at the offspring stage is high in protein (protein for growth and organ development) and low in fat demand. However, the feed protein of micropterus salmoides fry in the market is insufficient (about 52-53%, but 54-55% is better in practice), and the fat is higher (the fat value in the market (under the acid hydrolysis detection method) is 9.5-11%, but the standard of the invention is 8.5-9%). Under the nutritional standard of the invention, the micropterus salmoides seedling is healthier and grows faster.
The feed in the high-temperature period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 56-62 parts of fish meal, 9-11 parts of chicken meal, 1-3 parts of blood meal, 6.28-6.78 parts of cottonseed protein, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 3-5 parts of cassava starch, 7-9 parts of flour, 1.8-2.3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-3 parts of micropterus salmoides premix growth promoting type, 0.5-0.7 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.15-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.3-0.7 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive; the high-temperature stage feed comprises the following nutritional ingredients: according to the mass percentage, 49-50% of protein, 12-12.5% of fat, 8-8.5% of starch, 3.0-3.5% of Lys, 0.93-0.97% of DL-Met and not less than 1.0% of available phosphorus;
in the high-temperature period, the protein conversion efficiency of the micropterus salmoides is low under the dual stress of water temperature and dissolved oxygen, and the requirement of digestible energy is increased. Under the condition, 50% of protein content of the micropterus salmoides feed can meet the requirement in the high-temperature period, more than 12% of crude fat can meet the requirement, and the protein deposition rate is optimal and the feed ratio is lowest after the feed is used at the end. However, the protein content of the micropterus salmoides feed at this stage is 52-53% and the crude fat is 9.5-11% in the market, so that the problems of protein waste and slightly insufficient fat exist.
The feed for the rapid growth period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 47-53 parts of fish meal, 14-16 parts of chicken meal, 1-3 parts of blood meal, 1-3 parts of expanded soybean, 6.28-6.78 parts of cottonseed protein, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 3-5 parts of cassava starch, 7-9 parts of flour, 1.8-2.3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-3 parts of micropterus salmoides premix growth promoting type, 0.5-0.7 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.15-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.3-0.7 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive; the nutrient content in the rapid growth period is as follows: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 51-53%, the fat is 13-15%, the starch is 8-9%, the Lys is 3.2-3.7%, the DL-Me is 0.98-1.03%, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0%;
the fastest growth speed of the micropterus salmoides is related to protein deposition (under certain digestion energy), when the protein content of the feed in the rapid growth period of the micropterus salmoides is about 52% at the design value and the crude fat is about 14%, the protein deposition rate of the feed is the highest, and the growth of the micropterus salmoides is the optimal.
The feed for the wintering period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 43-47 parts of fish meal, 11-13 parts of pork powder, 2-4 parts of fish melt pulp, 3-5 parts of blood meal, 8.08-8.58 parts of cottonseed protein, 5-7 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 3-5 parts of cassava starch, 9-11 parts of flour, 1.8-2.3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-3 parts of healthy type of Micropterus salmoides premix, 0.5-0.7 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.15-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.6-1.0 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive; the nutrient content of the overwintering period feed is as follows: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 48-50%, the fat is 16-16.5%, the starch is 8-10%, the Lys is 2.8-3.3%, the DL-Met is 0.88-0.93%, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0%;
the protein demand of the micropterus salmoides in the wintering period is further reduced, and the energy demand is further increased. In addition, the terminal feeding rate is reduced by 40-50%, so that the energy intake of the micropterus salmoides is insufficient, the protein demand of the micropterus salmoides is about 49% at the stage, and the crude fat content is about 16% and is more suitable.
The feed for the egg-laying period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 47-53 parts of fish meal, 14-16 parts of chicken meal, 1-3 parts of blood meal, 1-3 parts of expanded soybean, 6.28-6.78 parts of cottonseed protein, 5-7 parts of soybean oil, 3-5 parts of cassava starch, 7-9 parts of flour, 1.8-2.3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-3 parts of healthy type of Micropterus salmoides premix, 1.08-1.33 parts of lysine hydrochloride, 0.15-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.3-0.7 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive; the feed for the egg-laying period comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 51-53%, the fat is 14-14.5%, the starch is 8-9%, the Lys is 3.2-3.7%, the DL-Met is 0.98-1.03%, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0%;
the egg laying period of the micropterus salmoides can increase the demand on protein and also increase the demand on vitamin and mineral elements such as VE, zinc and the like. The nutrient intake of micropterus salmoides at this stage is mainly used for gonadal development. In the stage, the demand of the micropterus salmoides protein is about 52%, the design of crude fat is more suitable about 14%, the gonad development of the micropterus salmoides is the best, the death rate of the micropterus salmoides in the egg producing period is the lowest, and the health degree of the fish is better than that of other product positioning in the market.
The feed for old fish in the high-temperature period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 38-42 parts of fish meal, 11-13 parts of pork powder, 9-11 parts of lard residue, 2-4 parts of blood meal, 4.08-4.58 parts of expanded soybean, 5-7 parts of cottonseed protein, 6-8 parts of soybean oil, 3-5 parts of cassava starch, 9-11 parts of flour, 1.8-2.3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-3 parts of growth promoting type of Micropterus salmoides premix, 0.15-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.6-1.0 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive; the feed for old fish in the high-temperature period comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: by mass percentage, 48-50% of protein, 14-14.5% of fat, 8-8.5% of starch, 2.8-3.3% of Lys, 0.88-0.93% of DL-Met and not less than 1.0% of available phosphorus;
similar to the high temperature period of the (new fish), in the high temperature period of the old fish, the protein conversion efficiency of the micropterus salmoides is low under the dual stress of water temperature and dissolved oxygen, and the requirement of digestible energy is increased. Under the condition, the protein content of the micropterus salmoides feed is below 50% in the high-temperature period, the crude fat is above 14% in the high-temperature period, and the protein deposition rate is optimal and the feed ratio is lowest after the micropterus salmoides feed is used at the end. However, the micropterus salmoides feed at the stage in the market has 52-53% of protein promotion and 9.5-11% of crude fat, and has the phenomena of protein waste or slight fat deficiency.
Further, the nutritional ingredient content of the feed in the seedling stage is as follows: according to the mass percentage, 54 percent of protein, 8.5 percent of fat, 8-9 percent of starch, 3.6 percent of Lys, 1.2 percent of methionine and not less than 1.0 percent of available phosphorus;
further, the high-temperature stage feed comprises the following nutritional ingredients: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 50%, the fat is 12%, the starch is 8-8.5%, the Lys is 3.2%, the methionine is 0.95%, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0%;
further, the feed for the rapid growth period comprises the following nutrient components: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 52 percent, the fat is 14 percent, the starch is 8-9 percent, the Lys is 3.4 percent, the methionine is 1.0 percent, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0 percent;
further, the nutrient content of the overwintering period feed is as follows: 49% of protein, 16% of fat, 8-10% of starch, 3.0% of Lys, 0.9% of methionine and not less than 1.0% of available phosphorus by mass percent;
further, the feed in the egg-laying period comprises the following nutritional components: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 52 percent, the fat is 14 percent, the starch is 8-9 percent, the Lys is 3.4 percent, the methionine is 1.0 percent, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0 percent;
further, the feed for old fish in the high-temperature period comprises the following nutritional ingredients: according to the mass percentage, 49 percent of protein, 14 percent of fat, 8-8.5 percent of starch, 3.0 percent of Lys, 0.9 percent of methionine and not less than 1.0 percent of available phosphorus.
Further, the feed for the seedling stage comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 65 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken powder, 3 parts of blood powder, 2.98 parts of cottonseed protein, 2.5 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of healthy micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
further, the feed in the high-temperature period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 59 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of chicken powder, 2 parts of blood powder, 6.48 parts of cottonseed protein, 4 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of growth-promoting micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
further, the feed for the rapid growth period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 50 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken powder, 2 parts of blood meal, 2 parts of puffed soybean, 6.48 parts of cottonseed protein, 6 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of growth-promoting type micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
further, the feed for the wintering period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 45 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of pork powder, 3 parts of fish molten pulp, 4 parts of blood meal, 8.28 parts of cottonseed protein, 6 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of soybean phospholipid oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 11 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of healthy type micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.7 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
further, the feed for the egg-laying period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 50 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken powder, 2 parts of blood meal, 2 parts of puffed soybean, 6.48 parts of cottonseed protein, 6 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of healthy micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
further, the feed for old fish in the high-temperature period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of chicken powder, 10 parts of lard residue, 3 parts of blood meal, 4.28 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of growth-promoting micropterus salmoides premix, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive.
The feed can be used for feeding micropterus salmoides in different breeding stages;
specifically, in the seedling stage, the feeding rate is 4.5-6.0%, 0.15-0.23 bags per ten thousand of tails, and the feeding is carried out for 2-3 times per day;
in the high-temperature period and the old fish high-temperature period, the feeding rate is 2-3%, 0.75-1.0 package/ten thousand tails, and the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day;
in the rapid growth period, the feeding rate is 1.2-1.6%, the number of the feeding bags per ten thousand is 1.6-1.8, and the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day;
in the wintering period, the feeding rate is 0.8-1.2%, 1.6-1.8 bags per ten thousand tails, and the feeding is carried out for 1 time every day;
in the oviposition period, feeding is carried out after full feeding, and feeding is carried out for 1-2 times per day.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
according to the invention, by careful market research, the following stages of micropterus salmoides cultivation are divided according to the cultivation specification, cultivation time, market demand and the like of micropterus salmoides (as shown in Table 1); and according to the stage division of the micropterus salmoides, and the research and development results of the micropterus salmoides are combined, the nutritional standards and the feed formulas of the micropterus salmoides at different stages are determined.
TABLE 1 stage segmentation and market demand for Micropterus salmoides culture
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Examples
The method comprises the following steps of dividing different culture stages of the micropterus salmoides into feeds, and dividing the culture process into the following stages according to the specification, culture time, market demand and the like of the micropterus salmoides: a fry stage, a high-temperature stage, a rapid growth stage, a wintering stage, a spawning stage and an old fish high-temperature stage;
the fry period is from 4 to 6 months of the year, the high temperature period is from 7 to 8 months of the year, the rapid growth period is from 9 to 11 months of the year, the overwintering period is from 11 months to 2 months of the next year, the spawning period is from 3 to 4 months of the year, and the high temperature period of the old fish is from 7 to 8 months of the year;
the feed for the seedling stage comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of imported fish meal, 25 parts of domestic fish meal (protein 64), 10 parts of domestic fish meal (protein 62), 8 parts of American chicken meal, 3 parts of blood meal, 2.98 parts of cottonseed protein, 2.5 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, a healthy type California perch premix (the manufacturer: Chongyi aquatic product science and technology Limited, Guangzhou, type: S8331I, the same below) 3 parts, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride (78), 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride, and 0.02 part of a mildew-proof preservative (the manufacturer: Jiangxi Huaxing, Limited, type: F-308, the same below);
the feed in the high-temperature period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 23 parts of imported fish meal, 20 parts of domestic fish meal (protein 64), 16 parts of domestic fish meal (protein 62), 10 parts of American chicken meal, 2 parts of blood meal, 6.48 parts of cottonseed protein, 4 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of growth-promoting type micropterus salmoides premix (the manufacturer: Chongyi aquatic science and technology Limited company, Guangzhou, model: S8331 II, the same below), 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride (78), 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
the feed for the rapid growth period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20 parts of imported fish meal, 20 parts of domestic fish meal (protein 64), 10 parts of domestic fish meal (protein 62), 15 parts of American chicken meal, 2 parts of blood meal, 2 parts of extruded soybean, 6.48 parts of cottonseed protein, 6 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of growth-promoting type micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride (78), 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
the feed for the wintering period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20 parts of imported fish meal, 25 parts of American fish meal, 12 parts of pork powder, 3 parts of fish melt pulp, 4 parts of blood meal, 8.28 parts of cottonseed protein, 6 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of soybean phospholipid oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 11 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of healthy micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride (55), 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.7 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
the feed for the egg-laying period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20 parts of imported fish meal, 20 parts of domestic fish meal (protein 64), 10 parts of domestic fish meal (protein 62), 15 parts of American chicken meal, 2 parts of blood meal, 2 parts of expanded soybean, 6.48 parts of cottonseed protein, 6 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of healthy micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride (78), 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
the feed for old fish in the high-temperature period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20 parts of imported fish meal, 20 parts of American fish meal, 12 parts of American chicken meal, 10 parts of lard residue, 3 parts of blood meal, 4.28 parts of soybean meal (43 protein), 7 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of growth-promoting micropterus salmoides premix, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
the micropterus salmoides feed for mainstream enterprises (comparative examples) in the current market comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 30 parts of imported fish meal, 25 parts of domestic fish meal, 8.5 parts of tilapia meal, 12 parts of American chicken meal, 4 parts of blood meal, 2.5 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of micropterus salmoides premix, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride (78) and 0.5 part of choline chloride;
the nutrient levels of the formulated feed at each breeding stage are shown in table 2.
Table 2 nutrient levels of the feeds formulated in example 1
The test method comprises the following steps:
in order to verify the effect of the feed, seedling stage, high-temperature stage, rapid growth stage, wintering stage, oviposition stage and 6 stages of old fish high-temperature stage of the Micropterus salmoides are respectively fed with seedling seed material, high-temperature material, rapid growth material, overwintering material, spawning material and old fish high-temperature material of the Micropterus salmoides in the culture pond in stages, and the comparative example is Micropterus salmoides feed of mainstream enterprises in the market (the nutrition indexes are the same as the comparative example in Table 2); comparing the culture effect.
And (3) seedling stage:
preparing the feed in the seedling stage, using the feed at a breeding terminal, feeding the feed for 2-3 times every day at a feeding rate of 4.5-6.0% and 0.15-0.23 package/ten thousand tails, and performing systematic evaluation on the using effect of the feed after 3 months, wherein the result is as follows:
(1) the uniformity of the Micropterus salmoides is good, for example, from the water bloom to 1000 catties, the standard is about 70-80% similar (the size difference in the market is large, and the similar standard rate is lower than 70%);
(2) the micropterus salmoides seedlings are healthier, the survival rate is improved to 15%, and the survival rate in the market is generally lower than 10%.
High temperature period (new fish, old fish):
preparing the feed in the high-temperature period, using the feed at a culture terminal, feeding the feed for 2 times every day at a feeding rate of 2-3% and 0.75-1.0 package/ten thousand tails, and performing feed effect evaluation twice in a plurality of ponds within 40 days in the high-temperature period, wherein the result is as follows:
(1) the health degree of the liver reaches 98.3 percent (the judgment standard is ruddy, and no fatty liver or white liver exists);
(2) the feeding rate of the micropterus salmoides is improved, and compared with a certain mainstream enterprise in the market, the feeding rate is improved by 18-20%.
And (3) rapid growth period:
preparing the feed in the rapid growth period, and using the feed at a culture terminal, wherein the feeding rate is 1.2-1.6%, the number of the bags per ten thousand is 1.6-1.8, and the feed is fed for 2 times every day. In two months of the rapid growth period, the feed effect evaluation is carried out twice in a plurality of ponds, and the result is as follows:
(1) the feeding rate of the micropterus salmoides is improved by 20-25% compared with that of a certain mainstream enterprise in the market.
(2) The monthly weight gain of the Micropterus salmoides is 1 to two 7, and the monthly weight gain of a mainstream enterprise in the same-period market is only 1 to two 5.
And (3) overwintering period:
preparing the feed in the wintering period, using the feed at a culture terminal, feeding the feed for 1 time every day at a feeding rate of 0.8-1.2% and 1.6-1.8 bags per ten thousand tails, and performing systematic evaluation on the using effect of the feed after 2 months, wherein the result is as follows: the feed for micropterus salmoides designed according to the wintering period nutrition standard can ensure that the fertility of micropterus salmoides is higher under low feeding, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 evaluation results of Perch effectiveness in California in south China
Remarking: B. company C is two mainstream enterprises on the market (formula is the same as the comparative example in Table 2)
And (3) laying time:
preparing feed in the spawning period, using the feed at a culture terminal, feeding the feed after the feed is saturated, feeding the feed for 1 to 2 times every day, and obtaining a result after the feed is used:
(1) the death rate of the micropterus salmoides is reduced by 7 percent;
(2) compared with a certain mainstream factory in the market, the fertility of the postpartum micropterus salmoides is improved by 3 percent.
Summary of the invention
Through division of a fry stage, a high-temperature stage, a rapid growth stage, a wintering stage, a spawning stage, an old fish high-temperature stage and the like, the feed product is designed more accurately, and the nutritional requirements of the micropterus salmoides in different markets, different feeding rates and different specifications can be met more fully; the effect of the feed product is better expressed, and the product competitiveness is stronger.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The micropterus salmoides feed for different breeding stages is characterized in that: the cultivation process of the micropterus salmoides is divided into the following stages: a fry stage, a high-temperature stage, a rapid growth stage, a wintering stage, a spawning stage and an old fish high-temperature stage;
the fry period is from 4 to 6 months of the year, the high temperature period is from 7 to 8 months of the year, the rapid growth period is from 9 to 11 months of the year, the overwintering period is from 11 months to 2 months of the next year, the spawning period is from 3 to 4 months of the year, and the high temperature period of the old fish is from 7 to 8 months of the year;
the feed for the seedling stage comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 62-68 parts of fish meal, 7-9 parts of chicken meal, 2-4 parts of blood meal, 2.78-3.28 parts of cottonseed protein, 2.3-2.7 parts of soybean oil, 3-5 parts of cassava starch, 7-9 parts of flour, 1.8-2.3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.3 part of salt, 2-3 parts of a healthy type of a micropterus salmoides premix, 0.5-0.7 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.15-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.3-0.7 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of a mildew preventive; the nutritional ingredient content of the feed in the seedling stage is as follows: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 54-55%, the fat is 8.5-9%, the starch is 8-9%, the Lys is 3.4-4.0%, the DL-Met is 1.0-1.5%, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0%;
the feed in the high-temperature period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 56-62 parts of fish meal, 9-11 parts of chicken meal, 1-3 parts of blood meal, 6.28-6.78 parts of cottonseed protein, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 3-5 parts of cassava starch, 7-9 parts of flour, 1.8-2.3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-3 parts of micropterus salmoides premix growth promoting type, 0.5-0.7 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.15-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.3-0.7 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive; the high-temperature stage feed comprises the following nutritional ingredients: according to the mass percentage, 49-50% of protein, 12-12.5% of fat, 8-8.5% of starch, 3.0-3.5% of Lys, 0.93-0.97% of DL-Met and not less than 1.0% of available phosphorus;
the feed for the rapid growth period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 47-53 parts of fish meal, 14-16 parts of chicken meal, 1-3 parts of blood meal, 1-3 parts of expanded soybean, 6.28-6.78 parts of cottonseed protein, 3-5 parts of soybean oil, 3-5 parts of cassava starch, 7-9 parts of flour, 1.8-2.3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-3 parts of micropterus salmoides premix growth promoting type, 0.5-0.7 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.15-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.3-0.7 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive; the nutrient content in the rapid growth period is as follows: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 51-53%, the fat is 13-15%, the starch is 8-9%, the Lys is 3.2-3.7%, the DL-Me is 0.98-1.03%, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0%;
the feed for the wintering period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 43-47 parts of fish meal, 11-13 parts of pork powder, 2-4 parts of fish melt pulp, 3-5 parts of blood meal, 8.08-8.58 parts of cottonseed protein, 5-7 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of soybean phospholipid oil, 3-5 parts of cassava starch, 9-11 parts of flour, 1.8-2.3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-3 parts of healthy type of Micropterus salmoides premix, 0.5-0.7 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.15-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.6-1.0 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive; the nutrient content of the overwintering period feed is as follows: by mass percentage, 48-50% of protein, 16-16.5% of fat, 8-10% of starch, 8.8-3.3% of Lys2, 0.88-0.93% of DL-Met and not less than 1.0% of available phosphorus;
the feed for the egg-laying period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 47-53 parts of fish meal, 14-16 parts of chicken meal, 1-3 parts of blood meal, 1-3 parts of expanded soybean, 6.28-6.78 parts of cottonseed protein, 5-7 parts of soybean oil, 3-5 parts of cassava starch, 7-9 parts of flour, 1.8-2.3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-3 parts of healthy type of Micropterus salmoides premix, 1.08-1.33 parts of lysine hydrochloride, 0.15-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.3-0.7 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive; the feed for the egg-laying period comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 51-53%, the fat is 14-14.5%, the starch is 8-9%, the Lys is 3.2-3.7%, the DL-Met0.98-1.03%, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0%;
the feed for old fish in the high-temperature period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 38-42 parts of fish meal, 11-13 parts of pork powder, 9-11 parts of lard residue, 2-4 parts of blood meal, 4.08-4.58 parts of expanded soybean, 5-7 parts of cottonseed protein, 6-8 parts of soybean oil, 3-5 parts of cassava starch, 9-11 parts of flour, 1.8-2.3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2-3 parts of growth promoting type of Micropterus salmoides premix, 0.15-0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.15-0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.6-1.0 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive; the feed for old fish in the high-temperature period comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 48-50%, the fat is 14-14.5%, the starch is 8-8.5%, the Lys is 2.8-3.3%, the DL-Met is 0.88-0.93%, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0%.
2. The micropterus salmoides feed of claim 1, wherein: the nutritional ingredient content of the feed in the seedling stage is as follows: according to the mass percentage, 54 percent of protein, 8.5 percent of fat, 8-9 percent of starch, 3.6 percent of Lys, 1.2 percent of methionine and not less than 1.0 percent of available phosphorus.
3. The micropterus salmoides feed of claim 1, wherein: the high-temperature stage feed comprises the following nutritional ingredients: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 50 percent, the fat is 12 percent, the starch is 8-8.5 percent, the Lys is 3.2 percent, the methionine is 0.95 percent, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0 percent.
4. The micropterus salmoides feed of claim 1, wherein: the feed in the rapid growth period comprises the following nutritional ingredients: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 52 percent, the fat is 14 percent, the starch is 8-9 percent, the Lys is 3.4 percent, the methionine is 1.0 percent, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0 percent.
5. The micropterus salmoides feed of claim 1, wherein: the nutrient content of the overwintering period feed is as follows: 49% of protein, 16% of fat, 8-10% of starch, 3.0% of Lys, 0.9% of methionine and not less than 1.0% of available phosphorus by mass percent.
6. The micropterus salmoides feed of claim 1, wherein: the feed for the egg-laying period comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: according to the mass percentage, the protein is 52 percent, the fat is 14 percent, the starch is 8-9 percent, the Lys is 3.4 percent, the methionine is 1.0 percent, and the effective phosphorus is not less than 1.0 percent.
7. The micropterus salmoides feed of claim 1, wherein: the feed for old fish in the high-temperature period comprises the following nutritional components in percentage by weight: 49% of protein, 14% of fat, 8-8.5% of starch, 3.0% of LysS, 0.9% of methionine and ≧ 1.0% of available phosphorus by mass percent.
8. The micropterus salmoides feed of claim 1, wherein:
the feed for the seedling stage comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 65 parts of fish meal, 8 parts of chicken powder, 3 parts of blood powder, 2.98 parts of cottonseed protein, 2.5 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of healthy micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
the feed in the high-temperature period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 59 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of chicken powder, 2 parts of blood powder, 6.48 parts of cottonseed protein, 4 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of growth-promoting micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
the feed for the rapid growth period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 50 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken powder, 2 parts of blood meal, 2 parts of puffed soybean, 6.48 parts of cottonseed protein, 6 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of growth-promoting type micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
the feed for the wintering period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 45 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of pork powder, 3 parts of fish molten pulp, 4 parts of blood meal, 8.28 parts of cottonseed protein, 6 parts of soybean oil, 1 part of soybean phospholipid oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 11 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 2 parts of healthy type micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.7 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
the feed for the egg-laying period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 50 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of chicken powder, 2 parts of blood meal, 2 parts of puffed soybean, 6.48 parts of cottonseed protein, 6 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of healthy micropterus salmoides premix, 0.6 part of lysine hydrochloride, 0.2 part of DL-methionine, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive;
the feed for old fish in the high-temperature period comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 40 parts of fish meal, 12 parts of chicken powder, 10 parts of lard residue, 3 parts of blood meal, 4.28 parts of soybean meal, 7 parts of soybean oil, 4 parts of cassava starch, 8 parts of flour, 2 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 3 parts of growth-promoting micropterus salmoides premix, 0.2 part of L-threonine, 0.5 part of choline chloride and 0.02 part of mildew preventive.
9. Use of a micropterus salmoides feed according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in micropterus salmoides farming.
10. Use according to claim 9, characterized in that:
in the seedling stage, the feeding rate is 4.5-6.0%, 0.15-0.23 bags per ten thousand tails, and the feeding is carried out for 2-3 times per day;
in the high-temperature period and the old fish high-temperature period, the feeding rate is 2-3%, 0.75-1.0 package/ten thousand tails, and the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day;
in the rapid growth period, the feeding rate is 1.2-1.6%, the number of the feeding bags per ten thousand is 1.6-1.8, and the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day;
in the wintering period, the feeding rate is 0.8-1.2%, 1.6-1.8 bags per ten thousand tails, and the feeding is carried out for 1 time every day;
in the oviposition period, feeding is carried out after full feeding, and feeding is carried out for 1-2 times per day.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111772062A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-10-16 | 珠海容川饲料有限公司 | Low-fish-meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112616994A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 珠海海龙生物科技有限公司 | Expanded compound feed for improving immune function of micropterus salmoides in fingerling stage and application thereof |
| CN113383874A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-09-14 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Functional feed for breeding micropterus salmoides and breeding method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-01-13 CN CN202010032084.2A patent/CN111109469A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111772062A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-10-16 | 珠海容川饲料有限公司 | Low-fish-meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN112616994A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-09 | 珠海海龙生物科技有限公司 | Expanded compound feed for improving immune function of micropterus salmoides in fingerling stage and application thereof |
| CN113383874A (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2021-09-14 | 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 | Functional feed for breeding micropterus salmoides and breeding method thereof |
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