CN111109020A - Rapid seedling raising method for tomatoes - Google Patents

Rapid seedling raising method for tomatoes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111109020A
CN111109020A CN201911403444.9A CN201911403444A CN111109020A CN 111109020 A CN111109020 A CN 111109020A CN 201911403444 A CN201911403444 A CN 201911403444A CN 111109020 A CN111109020 A CN 111109020A
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China
Prior art keywords
seeds
seedlings
tomato
soaking
seedling raising
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Pending
Application number
CN201911403444.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄俊清
玉梅精
黄钰翎
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Baise Fumao Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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Baise Fumao Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201911403444.9A priority Critical patent/CN111109020A/en
Publication of CN111109020A publication Critical patent/CN111109020A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/08—Immunising seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
    • A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/16—Heavy metals; Compounds thereof
    • A01N59/20—Copper
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for quickly growing seedlings of tomatoes, which comprises the steps of selecting seeds, drying in the air, irradiating the dried seeds by an infrared lamp, then putting the seeds into a soaking solution containing wood vinegar, 5-nitroguaiacol sodium and chitosan, soaking, fishing out and drying in the air; soaking the seeds in warm water, taking out, draining, sterilizing with a bactericide, and draining; wrapping tomato seeds with wet gauze for accelerating germination, and controlling the temperature to be 30-35 ℃; accelerating germination with humidity of 80-85% until the tomato seed is completely germinated after the coat is broken; then sowing the seeds on a seedling substrate, wherein the seedling substrate consists of loess, coconut husk, sheep manure, chestnut shells and cinnamon residues; culturing in greenhouse at 25-30 deg.C, and transplanting after the seedlings grow. The method can break the dormancy stage of the seeds, improve the germination rate of the seeds, shorten the seedling raising period, ensure that the seedling raising substrate has good air permeability, provide sufficient nutrients for the seedlings, develop the root systems of the seedlings, improve the survival rate of the seedlings and provide an effective way for rapidly propagating the tomato seedlings.

Description

Rapid seedling raising method for tomatoes
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit and vegetable breeding, in particular to a rapid seedling raising method for tomatoes.
Background
The fructus Lycopersici Esculenti is perennial herb of Solanum of Solanaceae, also called fructus Lycopersici Esculenti and Diospyros. The cultivation is common in all parts of China, and the yield is high in summer and autumn. The edible vegetable and fruit is widely planted worldwide. The vegetable is common in daily life of people, and contains abundant nutrient elements such as carotene, vitamin B and C, lycopene, nicotinic acid and the like. Especially, the content of vitamin P is in the crown of vegetables. Lycopene contains vitamins and mineral elements with cardiovascular protecting effect, and can reduce heart attack. Lycopene has unique antioxidant effect, and can scavenge free radicals, protect cells, prevent deoxyribonucleic acid and gene from being damaged, and prevent canceration. Due to the edible health-care function of the tomatoes, the market demand of the tomatoes is greatly increased, and the planting scale is continuously enlarged.
The seedling raising method is mainly used for direct seeding cultivation of seeds in field production, has a long period of seeding and breeding, is easy to cause diseases of seedlings, consumes more labor, and is greatly influenced by factors such as seed germination rate, seedling raising matrix, water and fertilizer management and the like. The tomato has strong branching capability and regeneration capability, and adventitious roots can be induced and promoted on stem nodes, so that the cutting seedling culture becomes an effective means for shortening the seedling culture period and reducing the production cost in the facility tomato production, but the method has the problem of low survival rate. Therefore, the seed dormancy of the tomatoes is interrupted, the seedling culture time can be shortened, and a good foundation is laid for quickly and massively culturing the tomatoes.
The above background disclosure is only for the purpose of assisting understanding of the inventive concept and technical solutions of the present invention, and does not necessarily belong to the prior art of the present patent application, and should not be used for evaluating the novelty and inventive step of the present application in the case that there is no clear evidence that the above content is disclosed at the filing date of the present patent application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rapid tomato seedling method aiming at the problems of the existing tomato seedling. The method can break the dormancy state of the tomato seeds, solve the problem of long seedling growing period of the seeds, and select a proper seedling growing substrate, so that the seedlings have developed root systems, low morbidity and high seedling rate.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for quickly growing tomato seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting seeds by adopting a water selection mode, screening and removing seeds floating on the water surface, selecting full and healthy tomato seeds which are well developed and have no plant diseases and insect pests, removing villi on the surfaces of the seeds, and naturally drying for later use;
(2) breaking the dormancy: irradiating the air-dried seeds for 1-3 days by using an infrared lamp, then putting the seeds into a soaking solution containing wood vinegar, 5-nitroguaiacol sodium and chitosan, soaking, fishing out and drying in the air;
(3) seed soaking and disinfection: soaking the seeds in warm water for 12-24h, taking out, draining, sterilizing with bactericide for 20-30min, and draining;
(4) accelerating germination and sowing: wrapping tomato seeds with wet gauze for accelerating germination, and controlling the temperature to be 30-35 ℃; accelerating germination with humidity of 80-85% until the tomato seed is completely germinated after the coat is broken; then sowing the seeds on a seedling substrate, wherein the seedling substrate consists of loess, coconut husk, sheep manure, chestnut shells and cinnamon residues; culturing in greenhouse at 25-30 deg.C, and transplanting after the seedlings grow.
Further, the mass ratio of the wood vinegar to the 5-nitroguaiacol sodium to the chitosan in the soak solution is 1-3:3-5:10-15, and the mass concentration of the soak solution is 1-3%.
Further, the temperature of the warm water is 40-45 ℃.
Further, the bactericide consists of copper sulfate, gibberellin, tung oil and water. The weight ratio of copper sulfate, gibberellin, tung oil and water in the bactericide is 3-5:1-3:0.5-1.5: 200.
Furthermore, the mass ratio of the loess, the coconut husk, the chestnut shell, the sheep manure and the cinnamon residue in the seedling substrate is 100:30-50:10-20:10-20: 5-10.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
according to the method, the seeds are soaked by using the wood vinegar, the 5-nitroguaiacol sodium and the chitosan after infrared irradiation, the dormant period of the seeds can be broken through, the germination rate of the seeds is improved, the seedling raising period is shortened, the seeds are soaked and disinfected by using the copper sulfate, the gibberellin and the tung oil, the morbidity of the seeds is reduced, and finally, the loess, the coconut husk, the sheep manure, the chestnut shells and the cinnamon residues are used as seedling raising substrates, so that the substrate is good in air permeability, the survival rate of seedlings is improved, sufficient nutrients can be provided for the seedlings, the root systems of the seedlings are developed, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved, and an effective way is provided for rapidly breeding tomato.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.
Example 1
A method for quickly growing tomato seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting seeds by adopting a water selection mode, screening and removing seeds floating on the water surface, selecting full and healthy tomato seeds which are well developed and have no plant diseases and insect pests, removing villi on the surfaces of the seeds, and naturally drying for later use;
(2) breaking the dormancy: irradiating the air-dried seeds for 2 days by using an infrared lamp, then putting the seeds into a soaking solution for soaking for 30min, and fishing out and drying the seeds; the mass ratio of the wood vinegar to the 5-nitroguaiacol sodium to the chitosan in the soak solution is 2:4:15, and the mass concentration of the soak solution is 2.5%.
(3) Seed soaking and disinfection: soaking the seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 12h, taking out, draining, sterilizing with a bactericide for 30min, and draining; the weight ratio of copper sulfate, gibberellin, tung oil and water in the bactericide is 3:2:1: 200.
(4) Accelerating germination and sowing: wrapping tomato seeds with wet gauze for accelerating germination, and controlling the temperature to be 35 ℃; accelerating germination with humidity of 80% until the tomato seed is completely germinated after the coat is broken; then sowing the seeds on a seedling substrate, wherein the seedling substrate consists of loess, coconut husk, sheep manure, chestnut shells and cinnamon residues in a mass ratio of 100:40:15:20: 10; and (5) culturing seedlings in a greenhouse seedling culturing shed, controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃, and transplanting the grown seedlings.
By using the method of the embodiment to grow seedlings, the germination rate of tomato seeds reaches 91.2%, the seeds can be broken after 3 days of pregermination, the seeds can be transplanted 25 days after sowing, and the seedling growing period is obviously shortened.
Example 2
A method for quickly growing tomato seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting seeds by adopting a water selection mode, screening and removing seeds floating on the water surface, selecting full and healthy tomato seeds which are well developed and have no plant diseases and insect pests, removing villi on the surfaces of the seeds, and naturally drying for later use;
(2) breaking the dormancy: irradiating the air-dried seeds for 3 days by using an infrared lamp, then putting the seeds into a soaking solution for soaking for 30min, and fishing out and drying the seeds; the mass ratio of the wood vinegar to the 5-nitroguaiacol sodium to the chitosan in the soak solution is 3:5:12, and the mass concentration of the soak solution is 3%.
(3) Seed soaking and disinfection: soaking the seeds in warm water at 45 ℃ for 24h, taking out, draining, sterilizing with a bactericide for 20min, and draining; the weight ratio of copper sulfate, gibberellin, tung oil and water in the bactericide is 5:1:1.5: 200.
(4) Accelerating germination and sowing: wrapping tomato seeds with wet gauze for accelerating germination, and controlling the temperature to be 30 ℃; accelerating germination with humidity of 85% until the tomato seed is completely germinated after the coat is broken; then sowing the seeds on a seedling substrate, wherein the seedling substrate consists of loess, coconut coir, sheep manure, chestnut shells and cinnamon residues in a mass ratio of 100:30:20:15: 5; and (5) culturing seedlings in a greenhouse seedling culturing shed, controlling the temperature to be 28 ℃, and transplanting the grown seedlings.
By using the method of the embodiment to grow seedlings, the germination rate of tomato seeds reaches 92.7%, the seeds can be broken after 3 days of pregermination, the seeds can be transplanted 20 days after sowing, and the seedling growing period is obviously shortened.
Example 3
A method for quickly growing tomato seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting seeds by adopting a water selection mode, screening and removing seeds floating on the water surface, selecting full and healthy tomato seeds which are well developed and have no plant diseases and insect pests, removing villi on the surfaces of the seeds, and naturally drying for later use;
(2) breaking the dormancy: irradiating the air-dried seeds for 2 days by using an infrared lamp, then putting the seeds into a soaking solution for soaking for 25min, and fishing out and drying the seeds; the mass ratio of the wood vinegar to the 5-nitroguaiacol sodium to the chitosan in the soak solution is 2:4:15, and the mass concentration of the soak solution is 1.5%.
(3) Seed soaking and disinfection: soaking the seeds in warm water at 40 ℃ for 18h, taking out, draining, sterilizing with a bactericide for 30min, and draining; the weight ratio of copper sulfate, gibberellin, tung oil and water in the bactericide is 3:2:1: 200.
(4) Accelerating germination and sowing: wrapping tomato seeds with wet gauze for accelerating germination, and controlling the temperature to be 35 ℃; accelerating germination with humidity of 85% until the tomato seed is completely germinated after the coat is broken; then sowing the seeds on a seedling substrate, wherein the seedling substrate consists of loess, coconut coir, sheep manure, chestnut shells and cinnamon residues in a mass ratio of 100:40:15:20: 8; and (5) culturing seedlings in a greenhouse seedling culturing shed, controlling the temperature to be 30 ℃, and transplanting the grown seedlings.
By using the method of the embodiment to grow seedlings, the germination rate of tomato seeds reaches 89.4%, the seeds can be broken after 5 days of pregermination, the seeds can be transplanted 25 days after sowing, and the seedling growing period is obviously shortened.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific/preferred embodiments and is not intended to limit the practice of the invention to those descriptions. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various substitutions and modifications can be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such substitutions and modifications are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method for quickly growing tomato seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) seed selection: selecting seeds by adopting a water selection mode, screening and removing seeds floating on the water surface, selecting full and healthy tomato seeds which are well developed and have no plant diseases and insect pests, removing villi on the surfaces of the seeds, and naturally drying for later use;
(2) breaking the dormancy: irradiating the air-dried seeds for 1-3 days by using an infrared lamp, then putting the seeds into a soaking solution containing wood vinegar, 5-nitroguaiacol sodium and chitosan, soaking, fishing out and drying in the air;
(3) seed soaking and disinfection: soaking the seeds in warm water for 12-24h, taking out, draining, sterilizing with bactericide for 20-30min, and draining;
(4) accelerating germination and sowing: wrapping tomato seeds with wet gauze for accelerating germination, and controlling the temperature to be 30-35 ℃; accelerating germination with humidity of 80-85% until the tomato seed is completely germinated after the coat is broken; then sowing the seeds on a seedling substrate, wherein the seedling substrate consists of loess, coconut husk, sheep manure, chestnut shells and cinnamon residues; culturing in greenhouse at 25-30 deg.C, and transplanting after the seedlings grow.
2. The rapid seedling raising method of tomatoes according to claim 1, comprising: the mass ratio of the wood vinegar to the 5-nitroguaiacol sodium to the chitosan in the soak solution is 1-3:3-5:10-15, and the mass concentration of the soak solution is 1-3%.
3. The rapid seedling raising method of tomatoes according to claim 1, comprising: the temperature of the warm water is 40-45 ℃.
4. The rapid seedling raising method of tomatoes according to claim 1, comprising: the bactericide consists of copper sulfate, gibberellin, tung oil and water.
5. The rapid seedling raising method of tomatoes according to claim 4, comprising: the weight ratio of copper sulfate, gibberellin, tung oil and water in the bactericide is 3-5:1-3:0.5-1.5: 200.
6. The rapid seedling raising method of tomatoes according to claim 1, comprising: the mass ratio of the loess, the coconut husk, the chestnut shell, the sheep manure and the cinnamon residue in the seedling substrate is 100:30-50:10-20:10-20: 5-10.
CN201911403444.9A 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 Rapid seedling raising method for tomatoes Pending CN111109020A (en)

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CN201911403444.9A CN111109020A (en) 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 Rapid seedling raising method for tomatoes

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116210721A (en) * 2022-12-30 2023-06-06 盐城工学院 Biomass charcoal seed coating agent and preparation method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116210721A (en) * 2022-12-30 2023-06-06 盐城工学院 Biomass charcoal seed coating agent and preparation method thereof

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