CN111109018A - High-quality and high-yield cultivation method for antiviral bananas - Google Patents
High-quality and high-yield cultivation method for antiviral bananas Download PDFInfo
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of banana cultivation, and particularly discloses a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of antiviral bananas, which comprises the following steps: building a banana plantation, selecting sandy soil land with deep soil layer, loose soil and convenient drainage, turning over the land before planting banana seedlings, and insolating, wherein the soil is turned over deeply for 40-65 cm; soil planting and disinfecting, ventilating the soil after planting and disinfecting, and measuring the pH value of the soil; soil regulation, wherein the soil regulation comprises PH regulation and nutrient medium regulation, and a planting pit is excavated after the soil regulation; preparing for field planting, namely adding a mixed matrix fertilizer into a field planting pit, applying a solid disinfectant into the field planting pit, and uniformly mixing the solid disinfectant with soil; and (3) planting banana seedlings, namely planting the banana seedlings in the planting pits, and then covering soil and filling the pits to plant the banana plants, wherein the banana seedlings are qualified through quarantine. The invention realizes the disinfection and adjustment of the planting soil by the disinfection and adjustment of the soil planting and the soil adjustment, and the mixed matrix fertilizer ensures the sufficient nutrition of the banana seedlings in the initial stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field related to banana cultivation, in particular to a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method for antiviral bananas.
Background
Bananas are an important economic crop in subtropics, the planting area is about 30 ten thousand hm2, and tissue culture seedlings of the bananas are required to be up to 2 hundred million plants every year. China is one of the ancient countries for growing bananas in the world, and most of the banana varieties mainly grown in the world are passed from China. The bananas are distributed in tropical and subtropical areas with the latitude of south and north of east, west and south hemispheres within 30 degrees. There are 130 countries in the world where bananas are grown, with the highest yields in central america, followed by asia. Chinese bananas are mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Yunnan and Hainan, and have a small amount of cultivation in Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing.
Before being applied to field cultivation, banana tissue culture seedlings need to be cultivated, the cultivation technology is very important, and particularly under the condition of current banana virus and panama wilt disease abuse and flooding, so that the problem of how to cultivate healthy antiviral bananas without diseases is currently discussed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of antiviral bananas, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of antiviral bananas comprises the following steps:
s1: building a banana plantation, selecting sandy soil land with deep soil layer, loose soil and convenient drainage, turning over the land before planting banana seedlings, and insolating, wherein the soil is turned over deeply for 40-65 cm;
s2: soil planting and disinfecting, ventilating the soil after planting and disinfecting, and measuring the pH value of the soil;
s3: soil regulation, wherein the soil regulation comprises PH regulation and nutrient medium regulation, and a planting pit is excavated after the soil regulation;
s4: preparing for field planting, namely adding a mixed matrix fertilizer into a field planting pit, applying a solid disinfectant into the field planting pit, and uniformly mixing the solid disinfectant with soil;
s5: planting banana seedlings, namely planting the banana seedlings in planting pits, and then covering soil and filling the pits to plant the banana plants, wherein the banana seedlings are qualified banana seedlings after quarantine;
s6: and (4) field management, namely performing daily field management on the banana seedlings after the banana seedlings are planted.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the sterilization of the plantation in S2 comprises flue gas sterilization and chemical sterilization, wherein the flue gas sterilization comprises the steps of sealing the soil after being exposed to the sun after turning over the land with a film, burning traditional Chinese medicines, and introducing the flue gas generated by burning the traditional Chinese medicines into the film for sterilization; the chemical disinfection comprises the following steps: step a: splashing disinfectant on the soil after the disinfection by the smoke, and then covering the soil with a film for 3-5 days; step b: and (3) fully airing the soil after the film is lifted, applying a pesticide on the soil, and covering for 2-4 days by adopting plastic cloth.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the pH adjustment in S3 comprises the steps of using lime or ferrous sulfate dilution water to adjust the pH value of the soil until the pH value of the soil is 5.5-6.5; the nutrient medium in S3 is adjusted by using decomposed farmyard manure and compound fertilizer to adjust soil.
As a preferable technical scheme, the mixed matrix fertilizer in S4 comprises 4-9 parts of peanut bran, 6-13 parts of banana peel, 2-5 parts of bagasse, 3-8 parts of corncob, 4-12 parts of bean cake, 20-32 parts of decomposed pig manure, 1-3 parts of charcoal, 1-2 parts of rice hull, 1-4 parts of xylitol residue and 2-4 parts of traditional Chinese medicine disinfection base material.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine disinfection base material comprises phellodendron, balsam pear leaves, radix zanthoxyli, garlic, pepper and ardisia crenata which are prepared by airing and grinding.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the preparation of the mixed matrix fertilizer comprises the following steps: step a: drying peanut bran, banana peel, bagasse, corncobs, bean cakes, biochar, rice hulls and xylitol residues in the sun, mixing and crushing, and crushing to obtain a matrix raw material; step b: adding decomposed pig manure and a traditional Chinese medicine disinfection base material into the matrix raw material, mixing, and obtaining a mixed base material after mixing; step c: adding water into the mixed base material for humidifying, fermenting, and turning the mixed base material for one time when the temperature of the mixed base material rises to 55-65 ℃ in the fermentation process and keeping the temperature for 30-40 h; step d: and when the temperature is reduced to 40-55 ℃, turning over for the second time, keeping the temperature for 50-70h, and fermenting the mixed base materials to obtain the mixed matrix fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the sterilization and regulation of the planting soil are realized by the soil planting sterilization and the soil regulation, the soil planting sterilization comprises the flue gas sterilization and the chemical sterilization, the insect pests and bacteria in the soil are killed, the number of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, the rhizosphere and the root is reduced, and the soil microbial community structure is improved and stabilized, so that the healthy growth of banana seedlings is promoted, the mixed matrix fertilizer is added before the field planting, the mixed matrix fertilizer ensures the sufficient nutrition of banana seedlings in the initial stage, the healthy growth of banana seedlings is promoted, and the antivirus and high yield of banana plants are obviously improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1: the invention provides a technical scheme that: a high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of antiviral bananas comprises the following steps:
s1: building a banana plantation, selecting sandy soil land with deep soil layer, loose soil and convenient drainage, turning over the land before planting banana seedlings, and insolating, wherein the soil is turned over deeply for 40-65 cm;
s2: soil planting and disinfecting, ventilating the soil after planting and disinfecting, and measuring the pH value of the soil;
s3: soil regulation, wherein the soil regulation comprises PH regulation and nutrient medium regulation, and a planting pit is excavated after the soil regulation;
s4: preparing for field planting, namely adding a mixed matrix fertilizer into a field planting pit, applying a solid disinfectant into the field planting pit, and uniformly mixing the solid disinfectant with soil, wherein the mixed matrix fertilizer comprises 6 parts of peanut bran, 9 parts of banana peel, 2 parts of bagasse, 5 parts of corncobs, 6 parts of bean cakes, 20 parts of decomposed pig manure, 2 parts of biochar, 2 parts of rice hulls, 2 parts of xylitol residues and 3 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine disinfection base material;
s5: planting banana seedlings, namely planting the banana seedlings in planting pits, and then covering soil and filling the pits to plant the banana plants, wherein the banana seedlings are qualified banana seedlings after quarantine;
s6: and (4) field management, namely performing daily field management on the banana seedlings after the banana seedlings are planted.
In this embodiment, the sterilization of the plantation in S2 includes flue gas sterilization and chemical sterilization, the flue gas sterilization includes sealing the soil after the soil is exposed to the sun, burning the traditional Chinese medicine, and introducing the flue gas from the burning of the traditional Chinese medicine into the film for sterilization; the chemical disinfection comprises the following steps: step a: splashing disinfectant on the soil after the disinfection by the smoke, and then covering the soil with a film for 3-5 days; step b: and (3) fully airing the soil after the film is lifted, applying a pesticide on the soil, and covering for 2-4 days by adopting plastic cloth.
In this embodiment, the PH adjustment in S3 includes adjusting the PH of the soil using lime or ferrous sulfate dilution water until the PH of the soil is between 5.5 and 6.5; the nutrient medium in S3 is adjusted by using decomposed farmyard manure and compound fertilizer to adjust soil.
In this embodiment, the Chinese medicinal disinfecting base material comprises cortex Phellodendri, folium Momordicae Charantiae, radix Zanthoxyli, Bulbus Allii, fructus Zanthoxyli, and radix Ardisiae Crenatae, and is prepared by air drying and grinding.
In this example, the preparation of a mixed matrix fertilizer comprises the following steps: step a: drying peanut bran, banana peel, bagasse, corncobs, bean cakes, biochar, rice hulls and xylitol residues in the sun, mixing and crushing, and crushing to obtain a matrix raw material; step b: adding decomposed pig manure and a traditional Chinese medicine disinfection base material into the matrix raw material, mixing, and obtaining a mixed base material after mixing; step c: adding water into the mixed base material for humidifying, fermenting, and turning the mixed base material for one time when the temperature of the mixed base material rises to 55-65 ℃ in the fermentation process and keeping the temperature for 30-40 h; step d: and when the temperature is reduced to 40-55 ℃, turning over for the second time, keeping the temperature for 50-70h, and fermenting the mixed base materials to obtain the mixed matrix fertilizer.
Example 2:
s1: building a banana plantation, selecting sandy soil land with deep soil layer, loose soil and convenient drainage, turning over the land before planting banana seedlings, and insolating, wherein the soil is turned over deeply for 40-65 cm;
s2: soil planting and disinfecting, ventilating the soil after planting and disinfecting, and measuring the pH value of the soil;
s3: soil regulation, wherein the soil regulation comprises PH regulation and nutrient medium regulation, and a planting pit is excavated after the soil regulation;
s4: preparing for field planting, namely adding a mixed matrix fertilizer into a field planting pit, applying a solid disinfectant into the field planting pit, and uniformly mixing the solid disinfectant with soil, wherein the mixed matrix fertilizer comprises 4 parts of peanut bran, 9 parts of banana peel, 2 parts of bagasse, 5 parts of corncobs, 10 parts of bean cakes, 24 parts of decomposed pig manure, 2 parts of biochar, 1 part of rice hulls, 3 parts of xylitol residues and 4 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine disinfection base material;
s5: planting banana seedlings, namely planting the banana seedlings in planting pits, and then covering soil and filling the pits to plant the banana plants, wherein the banana seedlings are qualified banana seedlings after quarantine;
s6: and (4) field management, namely performing daily field management on the banana seedlings after the banana seedlings are planted.
In this example, the nutrient media is adjusted in S3 to soil conditioning using composted farmyard manure.
Example 2 is the same as the above examples in material and processing steps, but the ingredients of the nutrient medium and the proportion of the mixed substrate fertilizer are different.
Example 3:
s1: building a banana plantation, selecting sandy soil land with deep soil layer, loose soil and convenient drainage, turning over the land before planting banana seedlings, and insolating, wherein the soil is turned over deeply for 40-65 cm;
s2: soil planting and disinfecting, ventilating the soil after planting and disinfecting, and measuring the pH value of the soil;
s3: soil regulation, wherein the soil regulation comprises PH regulation and nutrient medium regulation, and a planting pit is excavated after the soil regulation;
s4: preparing for field planting, namely adding a mixed matrix fertilizer into a field planting pit, applying a solid disinfectant into the field planting pit, and uniformly mixing the solid disinfectant with soil, wherein the mixed matrix fertilizer comprises 8 parts of peanut bran, 11 parts of banana peel, 4 parts of bagasse, 4 parts of corncobs, 6 parts of bean cakes, 28 parts of decomposed pig manure, 2 parts of biochar, 2 parts of rice, 3 parts of xylitol residues and 4 parts of a traditional Chinese medicine disinfection base material;
s5: planting banana seedlings, namely planting the banana seedlings in planting pits, and then covering soil and filling the pits to plant the banana plants, wherein the banana seedlings are qualified banana seedlings after quarantine;
s6: and (4) field management, namely performing daily field management on the banana seedlings after the banana seedlings are planted.
Example 3 is the same as the above examples in material and processing steps, except that the mixture ratio of the mixed matrix fertilizer is different.
The sterilization and regulation of the planting soil are realized by the soil planting sterilization and the soil regulation, the soil planting sterilization comprises the flue gas sterilization and the chemical sterilization, the insect pests and bacteria in the soil are killed, the number of pathogenic bacteria in the soil, the rhizosphere and the root is reduced, and the soil microbial community structure is improved and stabilized, so that the healthy growth of banana seedlings is promoted, the mixed matrix fertilizer is added before the field planting, the mixed matrix fertilizer ensures the sufficient nutrition of banana seedlings in the initial stage, the healthy growth of banana seedlings is promoted, and the antivirus and high yield of banana plants are obviously improved.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The high-quality and high-yield cultivation method of the antiviral bananas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: building a banana plantation, selecting sandy soil land with deep soil layer, loose soil and convenient drainage, turning over the land before planting banana seedlings, and insolating, wherein the soil is turned over deeply for 40-65 cm;
s2: soil planting and disinfecting, ventilating the soil after planting and disinfecting, and measuring the pH value of the soil;
s3: soil regulation, wherein the soil regulation comprises PH regulation and nutrient medium regulation, and a planting pit is excavated after the soil regulation;
s4: preparing for field planting, namely adding a mixed matrix fertilizer into a field planting pit, applying a solid disinfectant into the field planting pit, and uniformly mixing the solid disinfectant with soil;
s5: planting banana seedlings, namely planting the banana seedlings in planting pits, and then covering soil and filling the pits to plant the banana plants, wherein the banana seedlings are qualified banana seedlings after quarantine;
s6: and (4) field management, namely performing daily field management on the banana seedlings after the banana seedlings are planted.
2. The cultivation method of claim 1, wherein the sterilization of plantation in S2 comprises flue gas sterilization and chemical sterilization, the flue gas sterilization comprises sealing the soil after the soil is turned over and exposed to the sun with a film, burning the traditional Chinese medicine, and introducing the flue gas from the burning of the traditional Chinese medicine into the film for sterilization; the chemical disinfection comprises the following steps: step a: splashing disinfectant on the soil after the disinfection by the smoke, and then covering the soil with a film for 3-5 days; step b: and (3) fully airing the soil after the film is lifted, applying a pesticide on the soil, and covering for 2-4 days by adopting plastic cloth.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pH adjustment of S3 comprises adjusting the pH of the soil with lime or ferrous sulfate dilution water until the pH of the soil is 5.5-6.5; the nutrient medium in S3 is adjusted by using decomposed farmyard manure and compound fertilizer to adjust soil.
4. The method for cultivating antiviral bananas with good quality and high yield as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixed matrix fertilizer in S4 comprises 4-9 parts of peanut bran, 6-13 parts of banana peel, 2-5 parts of bagasse, 3-8 parts of corncob, 4-12 parts of bean cake, 20-32 parts of decomposed pig manure, 1-3 parts of charcoal, 1-2 parts of rice hull, 1-4 parts of xylitol residue, and 2-4 parts of traditional Chinese medicine disinfection base material.
5. The cultivation method of claim 4, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine sterilization base materials comprise cortex Phellodendri, folium Momordicae Charantiae, radix Zanthoxyli, Bulbus Allii, fructus Zanthoxyli, and radix Ardisiae Crenatae, and are prepared by sun-drying and grinding.
6. The cultivation method for antiviral bananas with good quality and high yield as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preparation of the mixed matrix fertilizer comprises the following steps: step a: drying peanut bran, banana peel, bagasse, corncobs, bean cakes, biochar, rice hulls and xylitol residues in the sun, mixing and crushing, and crushing to obtain a matrix raw material; step b: adding decomposed pig manure and a traditional Chinese medicine disinfection base material into the matrix raw material, mixing, and obtaining a mixed base material after mixing; step c: adding water into the mixed base material for humidifying, fermenting, and turning the mixed base material for one time when the temperature of the mixed base material rises to 55-65 ℃ in the fermentation process and keeping the temperature for 30-40 h; step d: and when the temperature is reduced to 40-55 ℃, turning over for the second time, keeping the temperature for 50-70h, and fermenting the mixed base materials to obtain the mixed matrix fertilizer.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111670779A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-18 | 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Banana tissue culture seedling improvement matrix and preparation method and application thereof |
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