CN111106860A - Low-complexity generalized spatial modulation spherical decoding detection method - Google Patents
Low-complexity generalized spatial modulation spherical decoding detection method Download PDFInfo
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- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L1/0046—Code rate detection or code type detection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, in particular to a low-complexity generalized spatial modulation spherical decoding detection method, which comprises the following steps: dividing a transmitted bit block into a transmitting antenna combination selection bit and an amplitude phase modulation bit at a transmitting end, and sending the amplitude phase modulation bit to a receiving end by the transmitting antenna combination selection bit; after receiving the amplitude phase modulation bits, the receiving end sorts the transmitting antenna combinations by adopting zero forcing weight factors; adopting a spherical decoding algorithm to search the transmitting antenna combinations in sequence, judging the reliability of the modulation symbol vector estimated by each group of transmitting antenna combination, if the judgment is reliable, terminating the detection, otherwise, continuing the search; if all the search results do not meet the reliability judgment, the optimal result in all the searches is taken as the final detection result; compared with the traditional sphere decoding detection method, the sphere decoding detection complexity is reduced by about 75%, and the system performance is better.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mobile communication, and particularly relates to a low-complexity generalized spatial modulation spherical decoding detection method.
Background
Spatial Modulation (SM) is a low-complexity MIMO (Multiple input Multiple Output) transmission technique, which can only activate one transmit antenna at a time. In addition to the transmitted modulation symbols, the technique also utilizes the index of the active transmit antenna to transmit information to the receiving end. Only one radio frequency link is needed because only one transmit antenna is activated at a time, thereby greatly reducing energy consumption and implementation complexity. The spectral utilization of systems employing this technique is relatively low compared to Spatial Multiplexing (SMX) systems that transmit multiple symbols simultaneously from multiple transmit antennas.
In order to improve the spectrum efficiency of the SM, Generalized Spatial Modulation (GSM) is proposed, which significantly improves the spectrum utilization and the data transmission rate by activating multiple antennas. At the receiving end of the GSM system, Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection can achieve optimal Bit Error Rate (BER) performance. In order to reduce the complexity of the ML detection algorithm, a Sphere Decoding (SD) detection algorithm is proposed, which also aims to find a transmitted symbol vector with the minimum ML metric. The idea of SD is to limit the search range by means of the search radius within a multidimensional sphere of a given radius to find the transmitted symbol vector with the smallest ML metric; thereby reducing complexity.
However, the ML detection algorithm needs to search all possible exhaustively, the complexity of the ML detection algorithm increases exponentially with the combination of the transmitting antennas and the modulation order, and the ML detection algorithm is difficult to be applied to an actual communication system under the condition of more combinations of the transmitting antennas or higher modulation order; although the SD detection algorithm can greatly reduce the complexity compared to the ML detection algorithm, how to determine an appropriate initial radius is still higher in the communication system with a large number of antenna configurations and a high modulation order, and the problem is more severe especially at a low signal-to-noise ratio.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above prior art problems, the present invention provides a low-complexity generalized spatial modulation sphere decoding detection method, which includes:
s1: dividing a bit block transmitted by each time slot into a transmitting antenna combination selection bit and an amplitude phase modulation bit at a transmitting end;
s2: selecting a transmitting antenna combination according to the transmitting antenna combination selection bits;
s3: modulating the amplitude phase modulation bits into transmission symbols, and carrying and transmitting the transmission symbols to a receiving end by the selected transmitting antenna combination;
s4: after receiving the transmission symbols, the receiving end adopts a weight factor based on zero forcing to sequence the transmitting antenna combinations before detection;
s5: sequentially detecting the transmitting antenna combinations by adopting a spherical decoding algorithm according to the sequencing result, and judging the reliability of the modulation symbol vector estimated by each transmitting antenna combination;
if the judgment result is reliable, the detection is terminated, otherwise, the searching is continued to be carried out on the transmitting antenna combination which is not searched;
s6: and if all the transmitting antenna combinations do not meet the reliability judgment expression, taking the optimal result in all the searches as a detection result.
Preferably, the signal received by the receiving end is:
y＝Hs+n
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order for the signal received at the receiving end,
in order to be a matrix of channels,
in order to transmit a vector of signals,
for a noise vector, the terms in the vector n satisfy a mean of 0 and a variance of
Complex Gaussian distribution of (1), NrRepresenting the number of receiving antennas, NtIndicating the number of transmit antennas.
Preferably, the detection expression of the signal by using a sphere decoding algorithm is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and the optimal result obtained by detection is shown, S is a transmitting signal vector set, S is a transmitting signal vector of a single time slot, R is the initial radius of a sphere, and argmin is the minimum value in the detection result.
Preferably, the sequencing process of the transmitting antenna combination comprises:
s41: the receiving end receives the symbol transmitted by the transmitting end;
s42: calculating a weight factor for the ZF from the transmitted symbols;
s43: determining a weight factor vector w according to the weight factor of ZF;
s44: and sequencing the transmitting antenna combinations according to the obtained weight factor vector.
Further, the expression of the weight factor of ZF is:
the transmitting terminal of the GSM system adopts NcThe effective transmitting antenna combination is mapped, then the weight factor vector is
Preferably, the process of performing reliability judgment includes:
step 1: sequentially detecting the transmitting antenna combinations by adopting a spherical decoding algorithm according to the sequencing result;
step 2: carrying out reliability judgment on the modulation symbol vector estimated by each transmitting antenna combination;
if the modulation symbol vector searched under the antenna combination meets the sorting result, the detection is finished, otherwise, the search of the next transmitting antenna combination is carried out.
Preferably, the reliability judgment expression is:
further, if the modulation symbol vectors searched for by all the transmitting antenna combinations do not satisfy the reliability judgment condition, the transmitting antenna combination index corresponding to the minimum value of α in all the searches and the searched modulation symbol vectors are taken as the detection result.
In the invention, the transmitting antenna combinations are sequenced by using the weight factor of ZF, and detection is carried out according to the sequencing result in the spherical decoding detection process, so that the detection time is reduced; when the detection is carried out, the radius of the minimum sphere searched in the previous group of antenna combination is fully utilized, the search radius is converged more quickly, and the detection complexity is further reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a model diagram of a GSM system using BPSK with 4 transmit and 4 receive, two active antennas, according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the scheduling of the transmit antenna combinations;
fig. 3 is a graph showing the performance comparison of different schemes of 8-transmission 8-reception with 16/64QAM modulation and 2/4 active antennas in rayleigh fading channel in GSM system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly and completely apparent, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
A low-complexity generalized spatial modulation sphere decoding detection method comprises the following steps:
s1: dividing a bit block transmitted by each time slot into a transmitting antenna combination selection bit and an amplitude phase modulation bit at a transmitting end;
s2: selecting a transmitting antenna combination according to the transmitting antenna combination selection bits;
s3: modulating the amplitude phase modulation bits into transmission symbols, and carrying and transmitting the transmission symbols to a receiving end by the selected transmitting antenna combination;
s4: after receiving the transmission symbols, the receiving end adopts a weight factor based on zero forcing to sequence the transmitting antenna combinations before detection;
s5: sequentially detecting the transmitting antenna combinations by adopting a spherical decoding algorithm according to the sequencing result, and judging the reliability of the modulation symbol vector estimated by each transmitting antenna combination;
if the judgment result is reliable, the detection is terminated, otherwise, the searching is continued to be carried out on the transmitting antenna combination which is not searched;
s6: and if all the transmitting antenna combinations do not meet the reliability judgment expression, taking the optimal result in all the searches as a detection result.
The signal received by the receiving end has the following expression:
y＝Hs+n
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order for the signal received at the receiving end,
in order to be a matrix of channels,
in order to transmit a vector of signals,
for a noise vector, the terms in the vector n satisfy a mean of 0 and a variance of
Complex Gaussian distribution of (1), NrRepresenting the number of receiving antennas, NtIndicating the number of transmit antennas.
Further, when the signal received by the receiving end is detected by adopting a sphere decoding algorithm, the expression is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
and the optimal result obtained by detection is shown, S is a transmitting signal vector set, S is a transmitting signal vector of a single time slot, R is the initial radius of a sphere, and argmin is the minimum value in the detection result. And is
||y-Hs||2≤R2Representing constraints for the sphere, which can be further expressed as:
in the formula, U is represented by the gram matrix G ═ HHHAnd in the matrix, the upper triangular matrix obtained by the square root method of
Can be expressed as:
according to
The expression (c) is based on the result of ZF detection, and therefore the above expression can be further expressed as:
wherein β is a constant number,
representing the variance of Gaussian white noise, U representing the upper triangular matrix, G representing the gram matrix, H representing the channel matrix, (-)HRepresenting a conjugate transpose operation, (.)-1It is indicated that the matrix is inverted,
indicating the optimal results obtained after ZF-based detection.
As shown in fig. 2, the process of sequencing the transmit antenna combinations includes:
s41: the receiving end receives the symbol transmitted by the transmitting end;
s42: calculating a weight factor for the ZF from the transmitted symbols; the expression for the weighting factor is:
wherein, l ═ 1,2, …, Nc]，NcRepresenting the number of transmit antenna combinations, NaIndicating the number of the active antennas;
indicating the ZF weight factor corresponding to the nth active transmit antenna,
is shown in
Index of median 1 in the ith group of transmit antenna combinations;
representing a Boolean matrix, wherein in the Boolean matrix, if the corresponding value of the transmitting antenna index in each column is 1, the transmitting antenna is an activated antenna, and if the value is 0, the transmitting antenna is not activated; ZF denotes zero forcing
S43: determining a weight factor vector w according to the weight factor of ZF;
the transmitting terminal of the GSM system adopts NcThe effective transmitting antenna combination is mapped, then the weight factor vector is
Where, GSM denotes a generalized spatial modulation,
denotes the NthcA weight factor for a group antenna combination; t denotes the transpose of the vector.
S44: sequencing the transmitting antenna combinations according to the obtained weight factor vectors; the result of the sorting is:
where sort () denotes the ordering of vector element values from large to small, p1And
respectively, the position of the maximum and minimum values in w.
The judgment process of step S5 includes:
s51: sequentially detecting the transmitting antenna combinations by adopting a spherical decoding algorithm according to the sequencing result;
s52: carrying out reliability judgment on the modulation symbol vector estimated by each transmitting antenna combination;
if the modulation symbol vector searched under the antenna combination meets the sorting result, the detection is finished, otherwise, the search of the next transmitting antenna combination is carried out.
The reliability judgment expression is:
introducing a threshold value T-N into a system receiver according to a Reliability Judgment Rule (RJR)rσ2If the modulation symbol vector searched under the antenna combination meets the reliability judgment expression, the detection is finished, otherwise, the search of the next transmitting antenna combination is carried out.
Wherein T represents a threshold value, NrWhich represents the number of receive antennas to be used,
denotes the optimum result obtained by detection, y denotes the signal received at the receiving end, σ2Representing the complex high white noise variance, and F represents the sum of the squares of each element in the matrix.
And if all the transmitting antenna combinations do not meet the reliability judgment expression, taking the transmitting antenna combination index corresponding to the minimum value of α in all the searches and the searched modulation symbol vector as the detection result.
As shown in the system diagram of fig. 1, which includes the GSM transmitting end, the transmission bit in the generalized spatial modulation system can be divided into two parts, i.e. a transmitting antenna combination index bit and an amplitude phase modulation bit. And at the GSM receiving end, detecting the received signal according to a designed low-complexity spherical decoding algorithm.
As shown in fig. 3, different methods were simulated at different signal-to-noise ratios. E.g. at the transmitting antenna N t8, receiving antenna N r8 and active antenna NaWith 16QAM, when SNR is 10dB, the proposed method improves the performance by 7.8dB compared to OB-MMSE system;compared with SD, the proposed method has equivalent performance to the SD system and reduces complexity; compared to ML, the proposed method reduces complexity significantly while performing comparable to ML systems.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the steps in the methods of the above embodiments may be implemented by associated hardware instructed by a program, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: ROM, RAM, magnetic or optical disks, and the like.
The above-mentioned embodiments, which further illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A low-complexity generalized spatial modulation sphere decoding detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: dividing a bit block transmitted by each time slot into a transmitting antenna combination selection bit and an amplitude phase modulation bit at a transmitting end;
s2: selecting a transmitting antenna combination according to the transmitting antenna combination selection bits;
s3: modulating the amplitude phase modulation bits into transmission symbols, and carrying and transmitting the transmission symbols to a receiving end by the selected transmitting antenna combination;
s4: after receiving the transmission symbols, the receiving end adopts a weight factor based on zero forcing to sequence the transmitting antenna combinations before detection;
s5: sequentially detecting the transmitting antenna combinations by adopting a spherical decoding algorithm according to the sequencing result, and judging the reliability of the modulation symbol vector estimated by each transmitting antenna combination;
if the judgment result is reliable, the detection is terminated, otherwise, the searching is continued to be carried out on the transmitting antenna combination which is not searched;
s6: and if all the transmitting antenna combinations do not meet the reliability judgment expression, taking the optimal result in all the searches as a detection result.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal received by the receiving end has the following expression:
y＝Hs+n
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
in order for the signal received at the receiving end,
in order to be a matrix of channels,
in order to transmit a vector of signals,
for a noise vector, the terms in the vector n satisfy a mean of 0 and a variance of
Complex Gaussian distribution of (1), NrRepresenting the number of receiving antennas, NtIndicating the number of transmit antennas.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein when the signal received by the receiving end is detected by a sphere decoding algorithm, the expression is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
display unitAnd (3) obtaining an optimal result through detection, wherein S represents a transmitting signal vector set, S represents a transmitting signal vector, y represents a signal received by a receiving end, H represents a channel matrix, R represents the initial radius of the sphere, and argmin represents the minimum value in the obtained detection result.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sorting procedure of the transmitting antenna combination comprises:
s41: the receiving end receives the symbol transmitted by the transmitting end;
s42: calculating a weight factor for the ZF from the transmitted symbols;
s43: determining a weight factor vector w according to the weight factor of ZF;
s44: sequencing the transmitting antenna combinations according to the obtained weight factor vectors;
where ZF represents zero forcing.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the weight factor expression of ZF is:
wherein, wlDenotes the weighting factor, < 1,2, …, Nc]，NcRepresenting the number of transmit antenna combinations, NaIndicating the number of the active antennas;
indicating the ZF weight factor corresponding to the nth active transmit antenna,
is shown in
In the first group of transmitting antenna combinationAn index of value 1;
representing a Boolean matrix, wherein in the Boolean matrix, if the corresponding value of the transmitting antenna index in each column is 1, the transmitting antenna is an activated antenna, and if the value is 0, the transmitting antenna is not activated;
the transmitting terminal of the GSM system adopts NcThe effective transmitting antenna combination is mapped, then the weight factor vector is
Where, GSM denotes a generalized spatial modulation,
denotes the NthcA weight factor for a group antenna combination; t denotes the transpose of the vector.
6. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the result of ordering the transmitting antenna combination is:
where sort () denotes the ordering of vector element values from large to small, p1And
the positions of the maximum and minimum values in w, NcRepresenting the number of transmit antenna combinations.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S5 of determining the generalized spatial modulation sphere decoding comprises:
s51: sequentially detecting the transmitting antenna combinations by adopting a spherical decoding algorithm according to the sequencing result;
s52: carrying out reliability judgment on the modulation symbol vector estimated by each transmitting antenna combination;
if the modulation symbol vector searched under the antenna combination meets the sorting result, the detection is finished, otherwise, the search of the next transmitting antenna combination is carried out.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the reliability determination expression is:
introducing a threshold value T-N into a system receiver according to a reliability judgment rulerσ2T represents a threshold value, NrWhich represents the number of receive antennas to be used,
denotes the optimum result obtained by detection, y denotes the signal received at the receiving end, σ2Representing the complex high white noise variance, and F represents the square sum of each element in the matrix; if the modulation symbol vector searched under the antenna combination meets the reliability judgment expression, the detection is finished, otherwise, the search of the next transmitting antenna combination is carried out.
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