CN111103543A - Estimation of battery state of charge and heat generation based on gassing phenomenon - Google Patents
Estimation of battery state of charge and heat generation based on gassing phenomenon Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a gassing phenomenon-based battery state-of-charge estimation method, a heating value estimation method, computer equipment and a recording medium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery state detection, in particular to estimation of a battery charge state and a battery heat generation amount.
Background
The state of charge, SOC, of a battery is defined as the ratio of the remaining capacity of the battery after a period of use or long standing to the capacity of its fully charged state, revealing the current remaining capacity of the battery. The SOC is expressed by percentage, and the value range is 0-1. Various battery models (such as an electrochemical model, a neural network model, an alternating current impedance model, an RC equivalent circuit model and the like) which are established currently are difficult to accurately estimate the SOC and the heat generation quantity of the lithium battery in a critical state. Accordingly, there is a strong need for improved battery state of charge estimation methods.
With the development of the new energy automobile industry, the research on the power battery is developed dramatically. The lithium battery has the advantages of high energy ratio, long service life, high monomer working voltage, low self-discharge rate, strong high-low temperature adaptability and the like, thereby becoming the first choice for vehicle power storage at present. In the practical application of the power battery, the battery can be protected by monitoring and accurately estimating the SOC of the vehicle power battery in real time, and the remaining endurance mileage of a user is accurately reminded. However, during use, the electrochemical reactions inside the power cell and the current flow generate heat.
In one example, in a critical state where a lithium battery is about to be fully charged, an electrochemical reaction occurs inside the lithium battery, resulting in a gassing phenomenon. When the gassing phenomenon occurs, a part of the charging electric energy is used for the gassing reaction, and the charging electric energy is not used for charging. The higher the electrode potential, the more severe the gassing phenomenon and the lower the current utilization. The aforementioned battery models rarely take into account the effects of gassing phenomena on SOC and other state variables, and therefore it is difficult to characterize lithium batteries in critical situations.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objects of the present invention is to improve the accuracy of calculating the state of charge SOC of a battery.
It is still another object of the present invention to improve the accuracy of calculating the heat generation amount of the battery.
In order to achieve the above object or other objects, the present invention provides the following aspects.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of calculating a state of charge, SOC, of a battery, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a gassing coefficient η;
based on the obtained gassing coefficient η, the SOC value of the battery is calculated using the SOC dynamic equation.
According to the method for calculating the state of charge SOC of the battery, in the step of obtaining the gassing coefficient η, the gassing coefficient η is obtained by a table lookup method;
wherein the gassing coefficient η in the table used in the table look-up is obtained in advance by:
discharging the battery to change the SOC from the first SOC value to the second SOC value, and then charging the battery to recover the SOC from the second SOC value to the first SOC value;
the ratio of the discharged electric quantity to the charged electric quantity is defined as a gassing coefficient η.
The method of calculating the state of charge, SOC, of a battery according to another embodiment of the invention or any embodiment above, wherein the first SOC value differs from the second SOC value by 1%.
The method of calculating the state of charge, SOC, of a battery according to another embodiment of the invention or any of the embodiments above, wherein the charging and discharging processes are performed at a constant temperature.
The method for calculating the state of charge (SOC) of a battery according to another embodiment of the invention or any embodiment above, wherein the SOC dynamic equation is:
where the left side of the equation is the change in battery SOC per unit time, C is the unit coulomb, and I is the current.
The method of calculating a state of charge, SOC, of a battery according to another embodiment of the invention or any of the embodiments above, further comprising:
and integrating and calculating the SOC dynamic equation based on an ampere-hour method to obtain the SOC value of the battery.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of calculating a heat generation amount of a battery, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a gassing coefficient η;
calculating an accurate SOC value of the battery using an SOC dynamic equation based on the obtained gassing coefficient η;
based on the obtained SOC value, obtaining a standard voltage U by a table look-up methodo.stdAnd a standard internal resistance Ri.std；
Correcting standard voltage Uo.stdTo obtainOpen circuit voltage Uo；
Correcting the standard internal resistance Ri.stdObtaining the internal resistance R of the batteryi(ii) a And
based on the resulting open circuit voltage UoInternal resistance R of the batteryiAnd a gassing coefficient η, and the heat generation amount of the battery in the charging and discharging process is calculated by utilizing a first thermodynamic law.
According to the method of calculating the calorific value of the battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, the gassing coefficient η in the table used in the table look-up method is obtained in advance by:
discharging the battery to change the SOC from the first SOC value to the second SOC value, and then charging the battery to recover the SOC from the second SOC value to the first SOC value;
the ratio of the discharged electric quantity to the charged electric quantity is defined as a gassing coefficient η.
According to another embodiment of the invention or any one of the above embodiments, the method of calculating a heat generation amount of a battery, wherein the first SOC value differs from the second SOC value by 1%.
The method of calculating a heat generation amount of a battery according to another embodiment of the present invention or any one of the above embodiments, wherein the charging and discharging processes are performed at a constant temperature.
According to another embodiment of the present invention or any one of the above embodiments, the method of calculating a heat generation amount of a battery, wherein the SOC dynamical equation is:
where the left side of the equation is the change in battery SOC per unit time, C is the unit coulomb, and I is the current.
The method of calculating the calorific value of a battery according to another embodiment of the present invention or any one of the above embodiments, further comprising:
and aiming at the SOC dynamic equation, the current is integrated by an ampere-hour method to calculate the accurate SOC value of the battery.
According to another embodiment of the invention or any of the above embodiments, the method of calculating the heat generation amount of the battery is further provided, wherein the open circuit is obtainedPress UoIn the step (2), by the formula: u shapeo＝Uo.std+kT·(T-Tstd) Correcting standard voltage Uo.stdObtain an open circuit voltage UoWhere T is the current ambient temperature, TstdIs the standard temperature.
According to another embodiment of the invention or any of the above embodiments, the method for calculating the heat generation amount of the battery is characterized in that the internal resistance R of the battery is obtainediIn the step (2), by the formula: ri＝Ri.std·ηTCorrecting the standard internal resistance Ri.stdObtaining the internal resistance R of the batteryi。
A method of calculating a heat generation amount of a battery according to another embodiment of the present invention or any of the above embodiments, using the formula:
According to a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a computer apparatus comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor when executing the program implements the steps of the method according to any of the above provided in the first and/or second aspect of the present invention.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention there is provided a recording medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein the program is executed by a computer to carry out the steps of the method according to any of the above aspects provided by the first and/or second aspects of the present invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) in the process of calculating the SOC of the battery, the gassing phenomenon of the battery in the charging process is taken into consideration, so that the high-precision calculation of the SOC of the battery entering a critical state is realized, for example, the high-precision calculation of the SOC of the battery in a non-critical state (30% < SOC < 70%) of the battery can be realized, and the high-precision calculation of the SOC of the battery in a critical state (SOC > 85%) can also be realized;
2) and further calculating the calorific value of the battery based on the high-precision SOC so as to provide thermal management for the battery.
Drawings
The above and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like or similar elements are designated by like reference numerals.
FIG. 1 is an exemplary block diagram of the steps of a gassing-based battery state of charge estimation method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an exemplary block diagram of steps of a method of calculating a calorific power of a battery based on a gassing phenomenon according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the functional relationship between state quantities of an algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an exemplary relationship diagram of gassing coefficients, temperature, and SOC, according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5A is a graph showing the relationship of battery open circuit voltage and SOC, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5B is a diagram showing the relationship of the battery internal resistance and the SOC according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating temperature compensation coefficients versus temperature according to one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of a gassing-based SOC estimation method and an RC model estimation method according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of a computer apparatus for implementing the gassing-based estimation method of battery state of charge and heat generation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The method for estimating the state of charge of a battery and the method for estimating the amount of heat generation of a gassing phenomenon, a computer device, and a recording medium according to the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary rather than limiting in nature and is intended to provide a basic understanding of the invention and is not intended to identify key or critical elements of the invention or to delineate the scope of the invention.
Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are suitable, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviations found in their respective testing measurements. Moreover, all ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to encompass any and all subranges subsumed therein. Where used, the terms "first," "second," and the like do not necessarily denote any order or priority relationship, but rather may be used to more clearly distinguish the elements from one another.
The invention relates to estimation of a state of charge and a heat generation amount of a battery. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for estimating a state of charge and a calorific value of a lithium battery based on a gassing phenomenon, a computer device, and a recording medium. However, the invention is not limited to lithium batteries, but can be applied to any battery that generates gassing at a critical state of near full charge (state of charge SOC > 85%).
Before S110, a gassing coefficient is introduced, namely, under a certain constant temperature condition, the battery is discharged to change the SOC (state of charge) of the battery from a first SOC value to a second SOC value, then the battery is charged to recover the SOC from the second SOC value to the first SOC value, and the ratio of the discharged electric quantity corresponding to the change of the first SOC value to the second SOC value to the charged electric quantity corresponding to the recovery of the second SOC value to the first SOC value is defined as a gassing coefficient η, wherein the first SOC value and the second SOC value can be different by about 1%.
In step S110, the gassing coefficients of the battery in various SOC states (e.g., critical state when SOC > 85%, non-critical state where 30% < SOC < 70%) can be obtained by a table lookup, exemplarily according to an exemplary relationship diagram of gassing coefficients, temperature, and SOC according to an embodiment of the present invention as shown in fig. 4. It is noted that fig. 4 may have a correspondingly different shape for different batteries in practical applications.
In step S120, the SOC value of the battery is calculated in a dynamic manner using the following formula (1).
Where I is the measured current and C is in coulombs. In one embodiment, the accurate SOC value of the battery can be found by integrating the quantities on both sides of the equation over time, specifically by ampere-hour.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating the functional relationship between state quantities of an algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention. The SOC module receives the current I, the temperature T from the data bus, and finally outputs to the data bus an accurately estimated battery SOC value calculated by means of equation (1).
Before S210, a gassing coefficient is introduced, i.e., a battery is discharged under a certain constant temperature condition such that its SOC (state of charge) changes from a first SOC value to a second SOC value, and then the battery is charged such that the SOC recovers from the second SOC value to the first SOC value, and a ratio of a discharged electric quantity corresponding to the change of the first SOC value to the second SOC value to a charged electric quantity corresponding to the recovery of the second SOC value to the first SOC value is defined as the gassing coefficient η, wherein the first SOC value and the second SOC value may be different by about 1%.
Then, in step S210, the gassing coefficients of the battery in various SOC states (e.g., critical state when SOC > 85%, non-critical state where 30% < SOC < 70%) can be obtained by a table lookup, exemplarily according to an exemplary relationship diagram of gassing coefficients, temperature, and SOC according to an embodiment of the present invention as shown in fig. 4. It is to be understood that fig. 4 may have a correspondingly different shape for different cells in a practical application.
In step S220, the accurate SOC value of the battery can be found by integrating the quantities on both sides of the equation simultaneously with time by ampere-hour method using the above formula (1).
In an actual battery system, the temperature T is set to the SOC and the open circuit voltage UoAnd internal resistance R of the batteryiThere is an effect. The respective quantities affected by the temperature will be corrected using the formula below.
In step S230, referring to fig. 5A and using the SOC value calculated in step S220, the corresponding standard voltage U may be derivedo.std. However, the heat flow generated by the gassing reaction or the like causes the temperature of the battery to rise, thereby affecting the open circuit voltage.
Therefore, in step S240, the temperature influence coefficient k is introducedTAnd correcting the standard voltage U by using the following formula (2)o.stdObtain an open circuit voltage Uo. The formula (2) is specifically:
Uo＝Uo.std+kT·(T-Tstd) (2)
wherein k isTCan be in the range of-0.0001 to 0.0001, T is the current environment temperature, TstdMay be 25 deg.c.
In step S231, refer to FIG. 5B andusing the SOC value calculated in step S220, the corresponding standard internal resistance R can be obtainedi.std. However, the heat flux generated by the gassing reaction or the like causes the temperature of the battery to rise, thereby affecting the standard internal resistance.
Therefore, in step S241, the temperature compensation coefficient η is introducedTAnd using formulas
Ri＝Ri.stc·ηT(3)
Correcting the standard internal resistance Ri.stdObtaining the internal resistance R of the batteryiTherein ηTIs in the range of 0 to 25, the specific value of which can be read by a graph of the temperature compensation coefficient versus temperature according to one embodiment of the present invention as illustrated in fig. 6.
In S250, the formula is obtained by combining the first law of thermodynamics in consideration of the fact that the battery generates a large amount of heat when gassing occurs
To dynamically calculate the amount of heat generated inside the battery. In the formula (4), T is the battery temperature,
the change amount of the battery temperature in a certain time period can be obtained by integrating the change amount of the battery temperature in a unit time. m isbattIs the mass of the battery, cbattWhich are the specific heat capacity of the battery, these two quantities can be found by looking up the battery parameters,
for the heat flux due to the temperature difference,
is the heat flux due to the gassing reaction,
is produced due to entropy changeThe heat flow generated by the heat-generating body,
is the heat flow due to the current flowing through the internal resistance of the battery.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the substrate is,
the method can be calculated by the following formula (5), and the formula (5) is specifically:
wherein α is heat dissipation coefficient with the value range of 0-1000, SbattIs the battery heat dissipation surface area, e.g., equal to the sum of the surface areas of the battery heat dissipation surfaces, which may be calculated or measured by multiplying the length by the width of the heat dissipation surface; t isambIs ambient temperature.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the substrate is,
can be calculated by the following formula (6), and the formula (6) is specifically:
where η is the gassing coefficient described above, I is the measured current, UoIs an open circuit voltage.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the substrate is,
can be calculated by the following formula (7), and the formula (7) is specifically:
wherein, deltaSThe entropy change coefficient is in the range of-0.0001 to 0.0001; i is the measured current; and T is the battery temperature.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the substrate is,
can be calculated by the following formula (8), and the formula (8) is specifically:
wherein R isiThe internal resistance of the battery, and the measured current I.
The amount of change in the battery temperature can be calculated by substituting the above amounts into equation (4), and the amount of heat generated by the battery can be converted.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison of a gassing-based SOC estimation method and an RC model estimation method according to one embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 7, in the range of SOC > 85%, the estimation method based on the RC model is clearly inconsistent with the actual situation, which is over 100%. The SOC estimation value based on the gassing phenomenon of the invention is more in line with the actual situation and has higher estimation precision.
A computer apparatus for performing the gassing-based estimation method of battery state of charge and heat generation according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 8 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 8, the computer device 200 includes a memory 201 and a processor 202. Although not shown, the computer device 200 also includes a computer program stored on the memory 201 and executable on the processor 202. The processor, when executing the program, implements the steps of the gassing-based battery state of charge and heat generation estimation method according to one embodiment of the present invention, for example, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.
In addition, as described above, the present invention may also be embodied as a recording medium in which a program for causing a computer to execute the method of estimating a state of charge and a heat generation amount of a battery based on a gassing phenomenon according to an embodiment of the present invention is stored.
As the recording medium, various types of recording media such as a disk (e.g., a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc.), a card (e.g., a memory card, an optical card, etc.), a semiconductor memory (e.g., a ROM, a nonvolatile memory, etc.), a tape (e.g., a magnetic tape, a cassette tape, etc.), and the like can be used.
By recording a computer program that causes a computer to execute the estimation method of the state of charge and the calorific value of the battery based on the gassing phenomenon in the above-described embodiments in these recording media. The method of estimating the state of charge and the amount of heat generation of the battery based on the gassing phenomenon according to the above embodiment can be executed by loading the recording medium on a computer, reading a computer program recorded on the recording medium by the computer and storing the computer program in a memory, and reading and executing the computer program from the memory by a processor (CPU: Central Processing Unit, MPU: Micro Processing Unit) provided in the computer.
The above examples mainly illustrate a gassing phenomenon-based estimation method, system, computer device, and recording medium of the present invention for the state of charge and calorific value of a battery. Although only a few embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention may be embodied in many other forms without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. Accordingly, the present examples and embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and various modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (12)
1. A method of calculating a state of charge, SOC, of a battery, comprising the steps of:
obtaining a gassing coefficient of η, an
Based on the obtained gassing coefficient η, the SOC value of the battery is calculated using the SOC dynamic equation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step of obtaining the gassing coefficient η, the gassing coefficient η is obtained by a table lookup;
wherein the gassing coefficient η in the table used in the table look-up is obtained in advance by:
discharging the battery to change the SOC from the first SOC value to the second SOC value, and then charging the battery to recover the SOC from the second SOC value to the first SOC value; and
the ratio of the discharged electric quantity to the charged electric quantity is defined as a gassing coefficient η.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first SOC value differs from the second SOC value by 1-3%.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the charging and discharging processes are performed at a constant temperature.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the SOC dynamical equation is:
wherein C is the unit of electric quantity, and I is the current.
6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
and integrating and calculating the SOC dynamic equation based on an ampere-hour method to obtain the SOC value of the battery.
7. A method of calculating a calorific value of a battery, comprising the steps of:
calculating the state of charge, SOC, of the battery according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 5;
based on the obtained SOC value, obtaining a standard voltage U by a table look-up methodo.stdAnd a standard internal resistance Ri.std；
Correcting standard voltage Uo.stdObtain an open circuit voltage Uo；
Correcting the standard internal resistance Ri.stdObtaining the internal resistance R of the batteryi(ii) a And
based on the resulting open circuit voltage UoInternal resistance R of the batteryiAnd a gassing coefficient η, and calculating the heat productivity of the battery in the charging and discharging process by utilizing the first law of thermodynamics.
8. Method according to claim 7, characterized in that the open-circuit voltage U is obtainedoIn the step (2), by the formula Uo＝Uo.std+kT·(T-Tstd) Correcting standard voltage Uo.stdObtain an open circuit voltage UoWhere T is the current ambient temperature, TstdIs the standard temperature.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein obtaining the internal resistance R of the batteryiIn the step (2), by the formula: ri＝Ri.std·ηTCorrecting the standard internal resistance Ri.stdObtaining the internal resistance R of the batteryi。
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the formula is used:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the amount of change in the battery temperature per unit time, mbattIs the mass of the battery, cbattIs the specific heat capacity of the battery,
for the heat flux due to the temperature difference,
is the heat flux due to the gassing reaction,
for the heat flux due to entropy change,
is the heat flow due to the current flowing through the internal resistance of the battery.
11. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that the steps of the method according to any of claims 1 to 10 are implemented when the program is executed by the processor.
12. A recording medium having stored thereon a computer program, characterized in that the program is executable by a computer to implement the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
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