CN111103181B - Compaction instrument suitable for rapidly measuring physical characteristics of soil body on engineering site - Google Patents
Compaction instrument suitable for rapidly measuring physical characteristics of soil body on engineering site Download PDFInfo
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- CN111103181B CN111103181B CN202010047124.0A CN202010047124A CN111103181B CN 111103181 B CN111103181 B CN 111103181B CN 202010047124 A CN202010047124 A CN 202010047124A CN 111103181 B CN111103181 B CN 111103181B
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- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N19/00—Investigating materials by mechanical methods
- G01N19/10—Measuring moisture content, e.g. by measuring change in length of hygroscopic filament; Hygrometers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a compaction device suitable for rapidly measuring physical characteristics of soil body on an engineering site, and relates to the technical field of geotechnical test equipment. The compaction device suitable for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site comprises a supporting and moving unit, a driving unit and a compaction unit. The support and the moving unit can realize the switching between a moving transition mode and a compaction operation mode, the driving unit can select different compaction test types according to test requirements, and the compaction unit can effectively tamp and compact soil samples. The invention has simple structure, simplifies the requirement of the compaction test on test equipment, has better adaptability to the conditions of complex sites of the engineering site, is beneficial to carrying out the compaction test on outdoor sites including the engineering site, realizes the rapid determination of the optimal water content and the maximum dry density of soil on the engineering site, and preliminarily grasps the physical characteristics of the soil under the condition of less time consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical test equipment, and particularly relates to a compaction instrument suitable for rapidly measuring physical characteristics of soil in an engineering site.
Background
The compaction apparatus is one of the measuring devices commonly used in geotechnical tests, in particular compaction tests. The compaction test is to simulate the compaction condition of the engineering site, and the hammering method is used for determining the optimal water content and the maximum dry density of the soil, so that a basis is provided for evaluating the compaction degree of the soil. The compaction test can be generally classified into a light compaction test and a heavy compaction test, and the compaction work per unit volume of the heavy compaction test is about 4.53 times that of the light compaction test.
However, the traditional compaction device is driven by a cylinder, has a complex structure, large volume and high manufacturing cost, and is not suitable for performing compaction tests on site in engineering. In addition, the compaction test is carried out in a laboratory, so that the soil sample is required to be collected and transported on site, and the process inevitably produces obvious artificial disturbance on the soil sample; meanwhile, the indoor compaction test procedure is complex, and often takes a few days, so that the actual engineering requirements cannot be met.
According to the technical specification of rolling type earth and rockfill dam construction provided by the water conservancy and hydropower institute of China, the rapid determination of the maximum dry density and the optimal water content of the soil body can be realized by using a three-point compaction test method, but the compaction test process still needs to be carried out in an indoor laboratory, and a compaction instrument which can adapt to the complex topography of the engineering field is needed, so that the compaction test is carried to the engineering field, and the time consumption for measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body is further shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to further simplify the process of measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body, realize the rapid measurement of the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site, meet different requirements of light compaction test and heavy compaction test, the invention provides a compaction instrument suitable for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site.
The technical scheme is as follows: the compaction device for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site, which is adopted to solve the technical problems, comprises a supporting and moving unit, a driving unit and a compaction unit.
The supporting and moving unit comprises four wheel frames, supporting blocks, transverse shafts, moving wheels, discs, pins, a frame plate and a reinforcing plate, shaft holes are formed in the head end and the tail end of each wheel frame, a limiting hole A and a limiting hole B are formed in the head end of each wheel frame, the supporting blocks are connected below the wheel frames, the four wheel frames are arranged into square arrays of two rows and two columns, the head ends of the two wheel frames positioned in the same row are oppositely arranged, the shaft holes on the four wheel frames are arranged into square arrays of four rows and two columns, the heights of the shaft holes of the second row and the third row are higher than those of the shaft holes of the first row and the fourth row, the four transverse shafts respectively penetrate through the two shaft holes positioned in the same row, the left and right ends of two transverse shafts penetrating through the first row and the fourth row of shaft holes are provided with moving wheels, the left and right ends of two transverse shafts penetrating through the second row and the third row of shaft holes are provided with discs, half of the side surfaces of the discs are concave gear teeth, the other half of the side surfaces of the discs are smooth curved surfaces, the gear teeth on the two discs located in the same row are oppositely arranged and meshed with each other, each disc is provided with a limiting hole C, a pin can be inserted into each limiting hole A, each limiting hole B and each limiting hole C, the frame plate is in a 冂 shape, the bottom of the frame plate is fixed on the two transverse shafts penetrating through the second row and the third row of shaft holes, the top of the frame plate is a horizontal plane, and the left side of the frame plate is connected with the reinforcing plate.
The driving unit is arranged on the horizontal plane of the top of the frame plate and comprises a base, a motor, a back plate, a gear shifting lever, a power input shaft, a spur gear A, a spur gear B, a spur gear C, a transmission shaft A, a transmission shaft B, a spur gear D and a spur gear E.
The compaction unit comprises a supporting frame, connecting pieces, sliding blocks, connecting rods, compaction hammers, sample barrels, centering clamping mechanisms and limiting rods, wherein the supporting frame is a rectangle surrounded by a top plate, a bottom plate and sliding grooves on the left side and the right side, round holes C are formed in the center of the top plate, the sliding grooves are fixed on the left side surface of a reinforcing plate through the connecting pieces, the sliding blocks are arranged in the sliding grooves, the sliding blocks can slide up and down freely in the sliding grooves, round holes D with the same height and the same size are formed in the middle lower portions of the sliding grooves on the two sides, the compaction hammers are located in the vertical plane of the supporting frame and are connected with each sliding block through the connecting rods, the diameter of each compaction hammer is smaller than the inner diameter of the round hole C, gear teeth are formed in the direction of the compaction hammer, which is close to one side of the reinforcing plate, the gear teeth on the compaction hammers can be meshed with the spur gears D and the spur gears E, the centering clamping mechanisms are arranged in the center of the bottom plate, the sample barrels are arranged in the centering clamping mechanisms and located under the impact hammers, the outer diameters of the sample barrels are equal to the round holes C, and the left ends and right ends of the limiting rods can be inserted into the round holes D arranged on the sliding grooves on the two sides respectively.
The centering clamping mechanism comprises a chassis, a turntable, curve grooves, supporting rods, fixing columns, limiting connecting rods, a circular ring and a deflector rod, wherein the chassis is fixed at the center of a bottom plate of the supporting frame, the turntable is located at the center of the chassis, three curve grooves are formed in the upper surface of the turntable, three supporting rods are placed on the upper surface of the turntable, the distances between every two of the three supporting rods are equal, the bottoms of the three fixing columns are connected to the upper surface of the chassis, the distances between every two of the three fixing columns are equal, the limiting connecting rods comprise thin end parts and thick end parts, the top ends of the fixing columns are connected with the thin end parts of the limiting connecting rods, the bottoms of the thick end parts of the limiting connecting rods are inserted into the curve grooves and can move in the curve grooves, the tops of the supporting rods and the thick end parts of the limiting connecting rods are fixed at the tops of the circular ring, and the deflector rod is connected to the middle of the supporting rods.
The support and moving unit can be subjected to form switching according to different requirements of a moving transition mode and a compaction operation mode, in the moving transition mode, the middle lower parts of gear teeth on two discs positioned in the same row are meshed with each other, a pin penetrates through a limiting hole C and a limiting hole A, and the whole support and moving unit is contacted with the ground through a moving wheel; in the compaction operation mode, the middle upper parts of the gear teeth on the two discs in the same row are meshed with each other, the pin penetrates through the limiting hole C and the limiting hole B, and the whole supporting and moving unit is contacted with the ground through the supporting block.
The gear level is shifted downwards, a spur gear B and a spur gear C which are arranged on the back plate move clockwise along with the back plate, a spur gear D and a spur gear E which are respectively connected with the spur gear B and the spur gear C through a transmission shaft A and the transmission shaft B also move clockwise, and the spur gear E is meshed with gear teeth on the compaction hammer; the gear level is stirred upwards, and a spur gear B and a spur gear C which are arranged on the back plate move anticlockwise along with the back plate, and a spur gear D and a spur gear E which are respectively connected with the spur gear B and the spur gear C through a transmission shaft A and the transmission shaft B also move anticlockwise, and the spur gear D is meshed with gear teeth on the compaction hammer.
The inner diameter of the round hole C is larger than the diameter of the compaction hammer, and when the spur gear E is meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, the compaction hammer passes through the round hole C under the drive of the spur gear E, and the top elevation of the compaction hammer exceeds the elevation of the plane where the round hole C is located.
In the moving transition mode, the elevation of the bottom plate is higher than that of the moving wheels, and the bottom plate is not contacted with the ground; in the compaction operation mode, the elevation of the bottom plate is consistent with the elevation of the bottom surface of the supporting block, and the bottom plate is contacted with the ground.
Preferably, the lengths of the gear teeth intermittently arranged on the spur gear D and the spur gear E account for 60% of the circumferences of the side surfaces of the spur gear D and the spur gear E.
Preferably, the support and moving unit may be provided with a level bubble meter to facilitate level adjustment of the shelf and hammer during the compaction mode of operation.
Preferably, a hand-push bracket can be arranged at the top of the frame plate, so that the equipment in the moving transition mode can be conveniently moved.
Preferably, the surface of the sliding block can be embedded with balls, so that sliding friction force applied to the sliding block in the moving process of the sliding block in the sliding groove is converted into rolling friction force.
Preferably, the inner surface of the sample tube is marked with a height scale.
The beneficial effects are that: the compaction device suitable for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The support and moving unit realizes the switching between a moving transition mode and a compaction operation mode by utilizing the opposite rotation of the disc and the locking action of the pin; in a mobile transition mode, the invention is convenient to move, can reduce the limit of complex site conditions of an engineering site, and can quickly pass through complex terrains and enter a test area; under the compaction operation mode, the compaction device suitable for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site can provide stable support for the compaction device and ensure the smooth implementation of the on-site compaction test.
(2) The gear teeth arranged on the compaction hammer can be respectively meshed with the spur gear D and the spur gear E under manual control, so that the requirements of different unit volume compaction work of a light compaction test and a heavy compaction test are respectively met, wherein the working condition of the spur gear D meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer corresponds to the light compaction test, and the working condition of the spur gear E meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer corresponds to the heavy compaction test.
(3) The gear teeth of the spur gear D or the spur gear E are discontinuously arranged, when the section of the side surface of the spur gear D or the spur gear E provided with the gear teeth is meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, the spur gear D or the spur gear E drives the compaction hammer to move upwards, when the section of the side surface of the spur gear D or the spur gear E not provided with the gear teeth is contacted with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, the compaction hammer falls under the action of self gravity to tamp a soil sample in a sample cylinder below, and the compaction test can be completed by repeating the process.
(4) The compaction device suitable for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site has a simple structure, is good in adaptability to complex terrains, can simulate the test conditions of a light compaction test and a heavy compaction test, and can rapidly measure the maximum dry density and the optimal water content of a soil sample, so that the physical characteristics of the soil body can be primarily mastered under the condition of less time consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a compaction apparatus adapted for rapid determination of soil physical properties in an engineering site according to the present invention in a mobile transition mode;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the supporting and moving unit of fig. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the driving unit in fig. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the compaction unit of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the centering and clamping mechanism of FIG. 1 in an undamped condition;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the centering and clamping mechanism of FIG. 1 in a clamped state;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a compaction test of the compaction apparatus for rapidly measuring physical characteristics of soil in an engineering site according to the present invention in a compaction mode;
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a compaction apparatus for rapidly measuring physical characteristics of soil in an engineering site according to the present invention in a compaction operation mode for performing a heavy compaction test.
In the figure: 1-a support and movement unit; 11-wheel frame; 111-shaft holes; 112-limiting hole A; 113-a limiting hole B; 12-supporting blocks; 13-horizontal axis; 14-a running wheel; 15-a disc; 151-limiting holes C; 16-pins; 17-frame plates; 18-reinforcing plates; a 2-drive unit; 21-a base; 211-a round hole A; 22-an electric motor; 23-a back plate; 231-shift lever; 232-a round hole B; 24-a power input shaft; 251-spur gear a; 252-spur gear B; 253-spur gear C; 261-transmission shaft A; 262-a transmission shaft B; 271-spur gear D; 272-spur gear E; 3-compaction unit; 31-a supporting frame; 311-top plate; 312-a bottom plate; 313-chute; 314-round hole C; 315-round hole D; 32-a connector; 33-a slider; 331-a connecting rod; 34-a compaction hammer; 35-a sample cylinder; 36-centering clamping mechanism; 361-chassis; 362-a turntable; 363-curved slot; 364-supporting the rod; 365-fixing the column; 366-limit connecting rod; 367-a ring; 368—a lever; 37-stop lever.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making clear and defining the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the compaction apparatus suitable for rapidly measuring physical characteristics of soil mass on an engineering site comprises a supporting and moving unit 1, a driving unit 2, and a compaction unit 3.
As shown in fig. 1,2, 7 and 8, the supporting and moving unit 1 comprises four wheel frames 11, supporting blocks 12, transverse shafts 13, moving wheels 14, discs 15, pins 16, a frame plate 17 and a reinforcing plate 18, shaft holes 111 are arranged at the head and tail ends of each wheel frame 11, a limit hole a112 and a limit hole B113 are arranged at the head end of each wheel frame 11, the supporting blocks 12 are connected below the wheel frames 11, the four wheel frames 11 are arranged into a square array of two rows and two columns, the head ends of the two wheel frames 11 positioned in the same row are oppositely arranged, the shaft holes 111 on the four wheel frames 11 are arranged into a square array of four rows and two columns, the heights of the shaft holes 111 of the second row and the third row are higher than those of the shaft holes 111 of the first row and the fourth row, the four transverse shafts 13 respectively penetrate through the two shaft holes 111 positioned in the same row, the left and right ends of the two transverse shafts 13 penetrating through the first row and the fourth row of shaft holes 111 are respectively provided with a moving wheel 14, the left and right ends of the two transverse shafts 13 penetrating through the second row and the third row of shaft holes 111 are respectively provided with a disc 15, half of the lateral surfaces of the discs 15 are concave gear teeth, the other half of the lateral surfaces of the discs 15 are smooth curved surfaces, the gear teeth on the two discs 15 positioned in the same row are oppositely arranged and meshed with each other, each disc 15 is provided with a limiting hole C151, a pin 16 can be inserted into the limiting hole A112, the limiting hole B113 and the limiting hole C151, the frame plate 17 is in a 冂 shape, the bottom of the frame plate 17 is fixed on the two transverse shafts 13 penetrating through the second row and the third row of shaft holes 111, the top of the frame plate 17 is a horizontal plane, and the left side of the frame plate 17 is connected with the reinforcing plate 18.
Specifically, the supporting and moving unit 1 can perform form switching according to different requirements of a moving transition mode and a compaction operation mode, in the moving transition mode, the middle lower parts of gear teeth on two discs 15 positioned in the same column are meshed with each other, a pin 16 passes through a limiting hole C151 and a limiting hole A112, and the whole supporting and moving unit 1 is contacted with the ground through a moving wheel 14; in the compaction mode of operation, the upper and middle portions of the teeth of the two disks 15 located in the same row are engaged with each other, and the pin 16 passes through the limiting hole C151 and the limiting hole B113, and the entire support and movement unit 1 is brought into contact with the ground through the support block 12.
As shown in fig. 1, 3, 7 and 8, the driving unit 2 is mounted on a horizontal plane of the top of the frame plate 17, and comprises a base 21, a motor 22, a back plate 23, a gear shift lever 231, a power input shaft 24, a spur gear a251, a spur gear B252, a spur gear C253, a transmission shaft a261, a transmission shaft B262, a spur gear D271 and a spur gear E272, wherein a round hole a211 is formed in the upper portion of the base 21, the motor 22 is mounted in the round hole a211, the back plate 23 comprises two branches including a short branch and a long branch, the short branch is located above the long branch, a middle part of a side surface of the back plate 23 is connected with a gear shift lever 231, a round hole B232 is formed in the middle of the back plate 23, the power input shaft 24 passes through the round hole B232, the spur gear a251 and the motor 22 are respectively fixed on left and right sides of the power input shaft 24, the spur gear B252 is mounted on the end part of the back plate 23, the spur gear C253 is mounted on the end part of the long branch of the back plate 23, the spur gear B252 and the spur gear C253 are respectively meshed with the spur gear a251, the gear D271 is connected to the left side of the spur gear B271 through the transmission shaft a261, the short branch and the long branch is connected to the spur gear B272 through the spur gear a left side of the spur gear B, and the spur gear C272 is capable of rotating synchronously with the spur gear C272, and the spur gear E is capable of rotating synchronously with the spur gear C and the spur gear B has a diameter D.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 4, fig. 7 and fig. 8, the compaction unit 3 comprises a supporting frame 31, a connecting piece 32, a sliding block 33, a connecting rod 331, a compaction hammer 34, a sample tube 35, a centering clamping mechanism 36 and a limiting rod 37, wherein the supporting frame 31 is rectangular and is surrounded by a top plate 311, a bottom plate 312 and sliding grooves 313 on the left side and the right side, a round hole C314 is formed in the center of the top plate 311, the sliding grooves 313 are fixed on the left side surface of the reinforcing plate 18 through the connecting piece 32, a plurality of sliding blocks 33 are installed in the sliding grooves 313, the sliding blocks 33 can slide up and down freely in the sliding grooves 313, round holes D315 with the same height and the same size are formed in the middle lower parts of the sliding grooves 313 on the two sides, the compaction hammer 34 is located in the vertical plane where the supporting frame 31, and is connected with each sliding block 33 through the connecting rod 331, the diameter of the compaction hammer 34 is smaller than the inner diameter of the round hole C314, gear teeth are formed in the height direction of the compaction hammer 34 close to one side of the reinforcing plate 18, the gear teeth on the compaction hammer 34 can be meshed with the straight gear D271 and the gear E272, the centering clamping mechanism 36 is installed in the center of the bottom plate 312, the centering clamping mechanism 35 is placed in the middle of the side of the clamping mechanism 35, the round holes D is located on the right side of the round hole C35 and the right side of the round hole is located on the right side of the round hole 35, and the diameter is located on the right side of the round hole C35 is located on the right side of the round hole and the diameter is opposite.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the centering and clamping mechanism 36 includes a chassis 361, a turntable 362, a curved slot 363, support rods 364, fixing columns 365, a limit link 366, a circular ring 367 and a deflector rod 368, the chassis 361 is fixed at the center of the bottom plate 312 of the support frame 31, the turntable 362 is located at the center of the chassis 361, three curved slots 363 are arranged on the upper surface of the turntable 362, the curved slots 363 gradually approach the center of the turntable 362 in the process of extending from right to left, three support rods 364 are placed on the upper surface of the turntable 362, the distances between every two support rods 364 are equal, the bottoms of the three fixing columns 365 are connected to the upper surface of the chassis 361, the distances between every two fixing columns 365 are equal, the limit link 366 includes a thin end and a thick end, the top end of the fixing column 365 is connected to the thin end of the limit link 366, the bottom of the thick end of the limit link 366 is inserted into the curved slot 363 and can move within the curved slot 363, the top of the support rod 364 and the thick end of the limit link 366 are both fixed at the top of the circular ring 367, and the deflector rod 368 is connected to the middle of the support rod 364.
Specifically, when the centering and clamping mechanism 36 is in a loose state, the positions of the bottom of the thick end of the limiting connecting rod 366 inserted into the curve slot 363 are all located at the right end of the curve slot 363, the sample cylinder 35 filled with a soil sample is placed at the center of the turntable 362, the shift lever 368 is rotated clockwise, the shift lever 368 drives the supporting rod 364 to rotate clockwise, the circular ring 367 connected with the top of the supporting rod 364 drives the thick end of the limiting connecting rod 366 to rotate clockwise, the position of the bottom of the thick end of the limiting connecting rod 366 inserted into the curve slot 363 is changed from the right end of the curve slot 363 to the left end, the distances between the thick ends of the three limiting connecting rods 366 and the center of the turntable 362 are shortened and supported on the sample cylinder 35, the centering and clamping mechanism 36 is changed from the loose state to the clamping state, and under the condition that the shift lever 368 is not rotated anticlockwise, the sample cylinder 35 is limited to be immovable at the thick ends of the three limiting connecting rods 366, so that the sample cylinder 35 is always located under the hammer 34 during the compaction test, and the compaction effect of the test is ensured.
In the present embodiment, in the moving transition mode, the pin 16 passes through the limit hole C151 and the limit hole a112, the entire supporting and moving unit 1 is in contact with the ground through the travel wheel 14, the motor 22 is in the closed state, the shift lever 231 is kept in the horizontally stationary state, the elevation of the bottom plate 312 is higher than that of the travel wheel 14, the bottom plate 312 is not in contact with the ground, the left and right ends of the limit lever 37 are respectively inserted into the circular holes D315 provided on the both side slide grooves 313, the limit lever 37 is supported at the bottom of the hammer 34, and the centering clamping mechanism 36 is in the released state.
In this embodiment, after the movement in the moving transition mode reaches the test site, the pin 16 inserted into the limiting hole C151 and the limiting hole a112 is pulled out, the wheel carrier 11 is stirred and the disc 15 is driven to rotate in opposite directions, when the limiting hole C151 and the limiting hole B113 are overlapped, the pin 16 passes through the limiting hole C151 and the limiting hole B113, at this time, the whole supporting and moving unit 1 contacts with the ground through the supporting block 12, the elevation of the bottom plate 312 is consistent with the elevation of the bottom surface of the supporting block 12, the bottom plate 312 contacts with the ground, and the switching process from the moving transition mode to the compaction operation mode is completed.
In this embodiment, when a light compaction test is required, the sample cartridge 35 containing the soil sample is placed in the center of the turntable 362, the lever 368 is rotated clockwise, and the centering and clamping mechanism 36 is changed from the released state to the clamped state. Then, the shift lever 231 is moved upward, the spur gear B252 and the spur gear C253 mounted on the back plate 23 move counterclockwise along with the back plate 23, the spur gear D271 and the spur gear E272 connected with the spur gear B252 and the spur gear C253 through the transmission shaft a261 and the transmission shaft B262 respectively also move counterclockwise, the spur gear D271 is meshed with the teeth on the hammer 34, the motor 22 is turned on, the motor 22 drives the spur gear a251 to rotate counterclockwise through the power input shaft 24, the spur gear a251 drives the spur gear B252 to rotate clockwise, the spur gear B252 drives the spur gear D271 to rotate clockwise through the transmission shaft a261, the section provided with the teeth on the side of the spur gear D271 drives the hammer 34 to move upward, and the slider 33 can only move up and down along the chute 313 due to the restriction of the chute 313, and the hammer 34 connected with the slider 33 through the connecting piece 32 starts to move vertically upward. During the lifting of the compaction hammer 34, the stopper rod 37 inserted into the circular hole D315 is removed. When the compaction hammer 34 rises to the elevation of the top plate 311, the section of the spur gear D271 with no gear teeth contacts with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, and the compaction hammer 34 and the sliding block 33 vertically fall down along the sliding groove 313 under the action of self gravity to tamp the soil sample in the lower sample cylinder. Since the motor 22 continuously works, the spur gear D271 always rotates clockwise, after the compaction hammer 34 is used for compacting a soil sample, the section of the side surface of the spur gear D271 provided with the gear teeth is meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer 34 again and drives the compaction hammer 34 to vertically move upwards, similarly, when the compaction hammer 34 is lifted to the height of the top plate 311, the section of the side surface of the spur gear D271 not provided with the gear teeth is contacted with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, the compaction hammer 34 and the sliding block 33 vertically fall down again along the sliding groove 313 under the action of self gravity, the soil sample in the lower sample cylinder is compacted, and the light compaction test can be completed by repeating the steps.
In this embodiment, when a heavy compaction test is required, the sample cylinder 35 containing the soil sample is placed at the center of the turntable 362, the lever 368 is rotated clockwise, and the centering and clamping mechanism 36 is changed from the released state to the clamped state. Then dial down the gear shift lever 231, the spur gear B252 and the spur gear C253 mounted on the back plate 23 move counterclockwise along with the back plate 23, the spur gear D271 and the spur gear E272 which are respectively connected with the spur gear B252 and the spur gear C253 through the transmission shaft A261 and the transmission shaft B262 move counterclockwise, the spur gear E272 is meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer 34, the motor 22 is turned on, the motor 22 drives the spur gear A251 to rotate counterclockwise through the power input shaft 24, the spur gear A251 drives the spur gear C253 to rotate clockwise, the spur gear C253 drives the spur gear E272 to rotate clockwise through the transmission shaft B262, the section provided with the gear teeth on the side surface of the spur gear E272 drives the compaction hammer 34 to move upward, the sliding block 33 can only move up and down along the sliding groove 313 due to the limiting effect of the sliding groove 313, by starting the vertical upward movement with the compaction hammer 34 of the connecting piece 32 and the sliding block 33, the limit rod 37 inserted into the round hole D315 is removed in the ascending process of the compaction hammer 34, since the diameter of the spur gear E272 is larger than that of the spur gear D271 and the position of the spur gear E272 is lower than that of the spur gear D271, the compaction hammer 34 still continues to ascend after ascending to the height of the top plate 311, the compaction hammer 34 passes through the round hole C314 under the driving of the spur gear E272, the top height of the compaction hammer 34 exceeds the height of the plane of the round hole C314, when the compaction hammer 34 reaches the highest position, the section of the spur gear E272 with no gear teeth contacts with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, the compaction hammer 34 and the sliding block 33 vertically fall down along the sliding groove 313 under the action of self gravity, and the soil sample in the lower sample cylinder is compacted. Because the motor 22 continuously works, the spur gear E272 always rotates clockwise, after the compaction hammer 34 is used for compacting the soil sample, the section of the side surface of the spur gear E272 provided with the gear teeth is meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer 34 again and drives the compaction hammer 34 to vertically move upwards, similarly, when the compaction hammer 34 is lifted to the highest position beyond the Gao Chengbing where the top plate 311 is positioned, the section of the side surface of the spur gear E272 without the gear teeth is contacted with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer, the compaction hammer 34 and the sliding block 33 vertically fall down again along the sliding groove 313 under the action of self gravity, the soil sample in the lower sample cylinder is compacted, and the heavy compaction test can be completed by repeating the steps.
The invention can reduce the limit of complex site conditions of the engineering site, realize the rapid determination of the optimal water content and the maximum dry density of the soil on the engineering site, and meet the different requirements of light compaction test and heavy compaction test; meanwhile, the invention has simple structure, less external energy consumption and lower manufacturing and running cost, simplifies the requirements of the compaction test on test equipment, is beneficial to carrying out the compaction test on outdoor sites including engineering sites, and preliminarily grasps the physical characteristics of soil under the condition of less time consumption.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and drawings of the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The compaction instrument suitable for rapidly measuring the physical characteristics of the soil body on the engineering site is characterized by comprising a supporting and moving unit (1), a driving unit (2) and a compaction unit (3);
The supporting and moving unit (1) comprises four wheel frames (11), supporting blocks (12), a transverse shaft (13), a moving wheel (14), a disc (15), pins (16), a frame plate (17) and a reinforcing plate (18), shaft holes (111) are formed in the head end and the tail end of each wheel frame (11), a limiting hole A (112) and a limiting hole B (113) are formed in the head end of each wheel frame (11), the supporting blocks (12) are connected below the wheel frames (11), the four wheel frames (11) are arranged into a square matrix with two rows and two columns, the head ends of the two wheel frames (11) positioned in the same row are oppositely arranged, the shaft holes (111) on the four wheel frames (11) are arranged into a square matrix with four rows and two columns, the heights of the second row and the third row of shaft holes (111) are higher than those of the first row and the fourth row of shaft holes (111), four cross shafts (13) respectively penetrate through two shaft holes (111) positioned in the same row, moving wheels (14) are arranged at the left end and the right end of the two cross shafts (13) penetrating through the first row and the fourth row of shaft holes (111), circular discs (15) are arranged at the left end and the right end of the two cross shafts (13) penetrating through the second row and the third row of shaft holes (111), half of the side surfaces of the circular discs (15) are concave gear teeth, the other half of the side surfaces of the circular discs are smooth curved surfaces, and the gear teeth positioned on the two circular discs (15) in the same row are oppositely arranged and meshed with each other, each disc (15) is provided with a limiting hole C (151), a pin (16) can be inserted into a limiting hole A (112), a limiting hole B (113) and a limiting hole C (151), the bottoms of the frame plates (17) are fixed on two transverse shafts (13) penetrating through a second row and a third row of shaft holes (111), the tops of the frame plates (17) are horizontal planes, the left side of each frame plate (17) is connected with a reinforcing plate (18), the supporting and moving unit (1) can perform form switching according to different requirements of a moving transition mode and a compaction operation mode, the middle lower parts of gear teeth on two discs (15) positioned in the same row are meshed with each other in the moving transition mode, the pin (16) penetrates through the limiting hole C (151) and the limiting hole A (112), and the whole supporting and moving unit (1) is contacted with the ground through a moving wheel (14); in the compaction operation mode, the middle upper parts of the gear teeth on the two discs (15) positioned in the same row are meshed with each other, the pin (16) passes through the limit hole C (151) and the limit hole B (113), and the whole supporting and moving unit (1) is contacted with the ground through the supporting block (12);
The driving unit (2) is arranged on the horizontal plane of the top of the frame plate (17), and comprises a base (21), a motor (22), a backboard (23), a gear shifting lever (231), a power input shaft (24), a spur gear A (251), a spur gear B (252), a spur gear C (253), a transmission shaft A (261), a transmission shaft B (262), a spur gear D (271) and a spur gear E (272), a round hole A (211) is arranged at the upper part of the base (21), the motor (22) is arranged in the round hole A (211), the backboard (23) comprises a short branch and a long branch, the short branch is arranged above the long branch, the middle part of the side surface of the backboard (23) is connected with the gear shifting lever (231), a round hole B (232) is arranged in the middle of the backboard (23), the power input shaft (24) penetrates through the round hole B (232), the spur gear A (251) and the motor (22) are respectively fixed on the left side and the right side of the power input shaft (24), the spur gear B (252) is arranged at the end part of the short branch of the backboard (23), the gear C (253) is arranged at the end part of the long branch of the backboard (23), the spur gear C (253) is arranged at the end part of the long branch of the backboard (23), the short branch is meshed with the spur gear B (252) with the spur gear A (252) respectively, the straight gear D (271) can synchronously rotate with the straight gear B (252), the straight gear E (272) is connected to the left side of the straight gear C (253) through the transmission shaft B (262), the straight gear E (272) can synchronously rotate with the straight gear C (253), gear teeth of the straight gear D (271) and the straight gear E (272) are discontinuously arranged, the diameter of the straight gear D (271) is smaller than that of the straight gear E (272), the shift lever (231) is shifted downwards, the straight gear B (252) and the straight gear C (253) mounted on the back plate (23) move clockwise along with the back plate (23), and the straight gear D (271) and the straight gear E (272) which are connected with the straight gear B (252) and the straight gear C (253) through the transmission shaft A (261) and the transmission shaft B (262) respectively also move clockwise, and the straight gear E (272) and the gear teeth on the hammer (34) are meshed with each other; a dial-up shift lever (231), a spur gear B (252) and a spur gear C (253) which are arranged on the back plate (23) move anticlockwise along with the back plate (23), a spur gear D (271) and a spur gear E (272) which are respectively connected with the spur gear B (252) and the spur gear C (253) through a transmission shaft A (261) and a transmission shaft B (262) also move anticlockwise, and the spur gear D (271) is meshed with gear teeth on a compaction hammer (34);
The compaction unit (3) comprises a supporting frame (31), a connecting piece (32), sliding blocks (33), a connecting rod (331), a compaction hammer (34), a sample cylinder (35), a centering clamping mechanism (36) and a limiting rod (37), wherein the supporting frame (31) is a rectangle surrounded by a top plate (311), a bottom plate (312) and sliding grooves (313) on the left side and the right side, a round hole C (314) is formed in the center of the top plate (311), the sliding grooves (313) are fixed on the left side surface of a reinforcing plate (18) through the connecting piece (32), a plurality of sliding blocks (33) are arranged in the sliding grooves (313), the sliding blocks (33) can slide up and down freely in the sliding grooves (313), round holes D (315) with the same height and the same size are formed in the middle lower parts of the sliding grooves (313), the compaction hammer (34) are positioned in the vertical plane where the supporting frame (31) and are connected with each sliding block (33) through the connecting rod (331), the diameter of the compaction hammer (34) is smaller than the inner diameter of the round hole C (314), the compaction hammer (34) is fixed on the side, close to the reinforcing plate (18), the side of the compaction hammer (34) is provided with the right side of the round hole C (35), the right side of the round hole C is meshed with the gear (312), and the gear (312) in the middle of the compaction hammer (35) and the gear (35), the sample tube (35) is placed in the centering and clamping mechanism (36) and is positioned under the compaction hammer (34), the outer diameter of the sample tube (35) is equal to the inner diameter of the round hole C (314), and the left end and the right end of the limiting rod (37) can be respectively inserted into the round holes D (315) arranged on the sliding grooves (313) at the two sides.
2. The compaction apparatus for rapidly determining physical characteristics of soil body on an engineering site according to claim 1, wherein: the inner diameter of the round hole C (314) is larger than the diameter of the compaction hammer (34), when the spur gear E (272) is meshed with the gear teeth on the compaction hammer (34), the compaction hammer (34) passes through the round hole C (314) under the driving of the spur gear E (272), and the top elevation of the compaction hammer (34) exceeds the elevation of the plane where the round hole C (314) is located.
3. The compaction apparatus for rapidly determining physical characteristics of soil body on an engineering site according to claim 1, wherein: in the mobile transition mode, the elevation of the bottom plate (312) is higher than the elevation of the moving wheel (14), and the bottom plate (312) is not contacted with the ground; in the compaction mode of operation, the elevation of the base plate (312) is the same as the elevation of the bottom surface of the support block (12), and the base plate (312) is in contact with the ground.
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| CN111562152B (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2023-05-16 | 河北建筑工程学院 | Integrated soil body module manufacturing device |
| CN113376647B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2024-04-26 | 东北大学 | Blast hole measurement auxiliary equipment and application method thereof |
| CN115876520B (en) * | 2022-12-15 | 2023-07-07 | 赣州市农业科学研究所(赣州市烟草科学研究所) | Soil selenium element detection equipment of automatic sampling mechanism |
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